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From YouTube: 3/25/2021 - Assembly Committee on Education
Description
For agenda and additional meeting information: https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/Calendar/A/
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E
A
Here
and
please
mark
assemblywoman
taurus
as
absent
excuse,
I
anticipate
that
she
will
be
joining
us
momentarily
and
I
will
try
to
note
that
when
she
joins
us.
So
thank
you,
everyone
for
being
here.
We
have
a
jam-packed
day
so,
and
I
think
this
is
going
to
be
the
way
we
will
be
meeting
for
the
next
couple
weeks
till
we
have
our
first
committee
deadline
to
get
these
bills
out
of
our
committee.
A
So
if
you
haven't
done
so
already,
please
mute
your
microphone
when
you're,
not
speaking
to
minimize
background
noise
committee
members.
Please
keep
your
cameras
on
for
the
duration
of
the
meeting,
so
I
can
ensure
that
a
quorum
is
present.
We
do
expect
courtesy
and
respect
in
this
committee.
A
We
don't
always
agree
on
policy,
but
we
need
to
be
respectful
to
each
other
in
the
legislative
process,
a
reminder
to
those
viewing
you
can
find
the
materials
on
access
on
the
committee's
webpage
on
nellis
and
for
those
of
you
watching
online
in
this
virtual
world
you
may
see
members
looking
elsewhere,
they're
likely
looking
at
other
screens
or
at
paperwork
in
front
of
them.
So
please
don't
take
that
as
a
sign
of
disrespect.
A
It's
just
sort
of
the
the
new
normal.
We
have
five
bills
to
hear
a
work
session
and
a
bdr
introduction
this
afternoon.
We're
going
to
do
the
work
session.
First
then
move
into
our
bill
hearings
and
finish
with
the
bdr
introductions,
because
we
may
be
getting
another
one.
So
our
bill
hearings.
We
are
going
to
hear
them
in
the
following
order:
ab225
ab319,
ab265,
ab262
and
ab213.
A
G
Thank
you,
chair
bilbray
axelrod
for
the
record
christie,
robusto
legislative
council
bureau,
as
non-partisan
staff-
I'm
not
here
to
advocate
for
issues
I'm
here
to
assist
members
with
policy
issues
brought
forward
to
this
committee.
Our
first
bill
on
work
session
today
is
actually
assembly
bill
169.
G
If
that's
okay
with
you
chair
I'll
proceed
with
that,
I
apologize
yes
assembly
bill.
169
was
sponsored
by
assembly
member
considine
and
heard
by
the
committee
on
march
16th.
The
bill
privately
requires
privately
owned
post-secondary
institutions
to
have
a
policy
to
require
full
reimbursement
of
funds
paid
by
a
student
in
the
institution.
G
Among
other
provisions,
assemblywoman
considine
proposed
an
amendment
that
is
on
the
following
page
for
the
members
review.
Additionally,
assemblywoman
constant
proposed
an
amendment
on
behalf
of
the
commission
on
post-secondary
education
to
change
the
effective
date
from
july
1
2021
to
october
1st
2021..
Thank
you
chair.
A
Thank
you,
miss
robusto.
Before
we
take
a
motion,
are
there
any
questions
on
the
bill.
A
I
had
vice
chair
miller,
making
the
motion
to
amend
and
do
pass
and
assemblywoman
win
as
the
second.
A
Do
I
have
any
comments
before
we
vote
see
none
we'll
perform
a
roll
call
vote.
Madam
secretary,
could
you
please
perform
the
roll
call
vote.
D
H
C
A
Yes,
motion
passes
unanimously
with
everyone
present,
and
I
will
actually
point
out
that
we
do
have
everyone
because
assemblywoman
taurus
has
joined
us.
So
thank
you.
I
will
assign
that
floor
statement
to
assemblywoman
hardy
next.
We
will
move
on
to
the
work
session
for
ab215.
G
Thank
you,
chair
assembly,
bill
215
is
sponsored
by
assemblymember
considine
as
well.
The
bill
requires
nde
to
adopt
regulations
requiring
school
districts,
offering
courses
for
an
adult
to
earn
a
high
school
diploma
to
allow
a
person
who
has
not
received
a
high
school
diploma
to
enroll
under
certain
circumstances.
G
A
I
J
A
G
Thank
you,
chair
assembly,
bill
247
was
sponsored
by
assemblywoman,
benitez
thompson
and
heard
by
the
committee
on
march
18th.
The
bill
revises
provisions
relating
to
the
western
regional
education
compact,
among
other
things,
the
bill
changes
the
name
of
the
office
to
the
nevada
office
of
the
western
interstate
commission
on
higher
education.
G
There
is
one
proposed
amendment
to
the
measure
which
was
proposed
by
the
president
of
wichi
and
does
the
following
revises
guam
or
the
commonwealth
of
the
northern
mariana
islands
to
the
united
states.
Pacific
territories
in
freely
associated
states
revises
the
number
of
witchy
members
and
adds
clarifying
language
to
nrs
397.060,
which
is
presented
on
the
following
pages
for
the
members.
Thank
you,
chair.
A
A
K
I
L
A
Okay,
and
with
that
I
will
close
the
work
session
on
the
agenda
and
we'll
now
move
into
our
bill
hearing
bill
hearings
afternoon.
I
have
allocated
equal
time
for
testimony
and
support
opposition
in
neutral
each
person,
providing
testimony
will
be
allowed
a
maximum
of
two
minutes
staff
will
time
each
speaker
to
ensure
everyone
is
given
an
equal
amount
of
time
to
speak.
Speakers
are
urged
to
avoid
repetition
of
comments
by
previous
speakers,
so
feel
free
to
say,
ditto
we'll
also
limit
the
overall
length
of
each
testimony
period
to
30
minutes.
A
If
you
wish
to
testify-
and
you
have
not
done
so-
please
register
online
through
the
link
provided
on
the
agenda
you'll
receive
once
you
register
you'll
receive
information
on
how
to
join.
You
may
also
submit
comments
in
writing
either
in
addition
to
or
in
lieu
of
testimony,
you
don't
want
to
testify.
You
still
may
register.
So
there
is
a
record
of
your
interest
in
a
particular
bill.
Members
of
the
committee
may
request
testifiers
to
submit
documentation
supporting
their
testimony.
A
J
I
represent
assembly
district
25,
and
I
am
here
to
present
ab225
I'd
like
to
start
with
sharing
the
story
of
what
is
the
inspiration
behind
this
bill
and
then
give
a
little
bit
of
background
and
research
then
give
an
overview
of
what
the
bill
is
hoping
to
accomplish,
and
then
I'd
like
to
with
the
chair's
permission
at
that
time
and
turn
it
over
to
mr
kevin
wheeler,
who
has
a
personal
testimony
to
share
in
relation
to
this
bill
and
then
open
it
up
for
any
questions.
If
that's
okay
with
the
chair.
J
I
think
I
saw
a
nod.
Thank
you.
So
first,
let
me
just
share
a
story,
as
is
often
the
case
behind
the
legislation
that
any
of
us
bring
before
this
body.
About
two
years
ago
I
was
at
a
memorial
service
and
I
ran
into
some
old
acquaintances
and
in
getting
caught
up
with
their
lives.
J
The
gentleman
of
the
couple
shared
with
me
that
he
had
found
his
calling
later
in
life
in
the
love
of
teaching
and
that
he
had
been
substitute
teaching
for
quite
some
time
and
he
was
in
the
middle
of
his
master's
degree
program
and
and,
as
a
result,
just
really
found
a
passion
for
teaching,
but
he
was
having
challenges
because
he
has
a
learning,
disability
and
didn't
have
the
right
accommodation
in
order
to
pra
pass.
The
license
show
exam.
So
I
made
some
phone
calls
and
connected
him
with
the
department
of
education.
J
J
At
that
time,
will
jensen
director
of
the
office
of
inclusion
and
inclusive
education,
quoted
a
temple
grandin
from
one
of
my
favorite
stories
of
a
success
story
of
students
with
disabilities
and
pointed
out
that
different
does
not
mean
less
joey
raymond
adds
to
that
in
reflecting
on
the
paralympics
when
he
says
what
I
learned
was
that
these
athletes
were
not
disabled,
they
were
super
abled.
The
olympics
is
where
heroes
are
born.
The
olympics
is
where
here
the
paralympics
is
where
heroes
come.
So
where
do
teachers
fit
into
this
equation?
J
Some
examples
included
teachers
with
learning
disabilities
favoring
oral
and
visual
communication,
using
figures
drawings,
among
others,
to
discuss
relevant
topics
in
the
classroom
in
order
to
overcome
spelling
oral
memory,
organizational
difficulties,
preparing
classes
in
advance,
including
the
rehearsal
of
lessons,
instead
of
spontaneous
writing
on
the
board
and
encouraging
students
to
do
it
and
carrying
with
them
dictionaries
or
spell
checkers.
What
I
loved
most
about
this
research
is
it
pointed
out
that
these
strategies
reflected
the
strong
commitment
of
these
teachers
to
develop
innovative
and
creative
ways
of
teaching
in
many
cases
reflecting
their
own
personal
experience.
J
As
one
teacher
stated
in
the
article,
the
advantage
of
disadvantage
teachers
with
disabilities
are
not
handicapped.
I
have
this
one
teacher
said
I
have
a
one-up
on
anybody
who
can
walk,
because
I
can
see
what
my
students
need
and
I
can
see
the
struggles
they're
going
to
face.
She
says
somebody
who
isn't
disabled,
they
can
read
about
it
and
they
can
watch
it,
but
if
they've
never
lived
through
it,
they
may
not
really
know.
J
Well,
I
want
to
point
you
to
a
friendly
amendment
that
the
department
of
education
has
provided
it's
on
nellis
and
I
will
be
presenting
off
of
that
amended
language
which
replaces
the
text
of
the
original
bill,
and
I
want
to
greatly
thank
superintendent,
joan
ebert
for
starting
this
conversation
with
me
and
having
this
conversation
during
the
interim
I'd
like
to
thank
felicia,
gonzalez
deputy
superintendent
for
engaging
and
working
with
the
team
to
come
up
with
language
that
we
think
is
going
to
be
just
right.
J
So
if
you
look
at
the
amendment
I'd
like
to
point
out-
and
I'm
going
to
read
section
one
actually,
starting
with
the
first
section,
because
I
think
it's
important
to
set
the
backdrop
of
what's
already
in
law
today,
so
as,
except
as
otherwise
provided
in
nrs
391.027,
the
commission
shall
adopt
regulations
governing
examinations
for
the
initial
licensing
of
teachers
and
other
educational
personnel.
J
The
regulations
adopted
by
the
commission
must
ensure
that
the
examinations
test,
the
ability
of
the
applicant
to
teach
and
the
applicant's
knowledge
of
each
specific
subject
he
or
she
proposes
to
teach
and
then
the
language
that
we're
introducing
today
would
add
women
adopting
regulations
pursuant
to
subsection
one.
The
commission
shall
consider,
including
any
alternative
means
of
demonstrating
competency
for
persons
with
a
disability
or
health
related
need
that
the
commission
determines
are
necessary
and
appropriate,
and
I
would
point
out
that
that
also
includes
a
learning
disability.
J
This
act
will
become
effective
on
july,
1st
2021,
and
I
would
like
to
point
out
that
the
reason
I
read
that
first
subsection
of
section
1,
is
that
it's
important
to
note.
They
still
have
to
prove
they
still
have
to
prove
competency
and
knowledge.
J
It
will
also
set
a
tremendous
example
for
our
students
as
well.
The
latest
statistics
from
the
2019-2020
school
year
is
that
our
federal
account
of
students
with
disabilities
from
age
3
to
21
is
63
828
in
the
state
of
nevada,
clayton
e
keller,
co-author
of
enhancing
diversity,
educators
with
disabilities,
says
districts
should
be
actively
recruiting
disabled
teachers.
One
of
the
things
that
gets
talked
about
a
lot
in
non-disability
diversity
is:
are
there
images
of
people
like
me?
J
J
J
They
could
see
the
next
level
of
leadership
or
roles
of
responsibility,
but
they
just
couldn't
break
through.
But
what
really
stopped
me
in
my
tracks,
one
day
was
when
I
came
across
the
concept
of
the
concrete
ceiling
and
the
concrete
ceiling
speaks
often
times
to
minorities
and
members
who
have
individuals
who
have
disabilities,
who
can't
even
see
that
next
level,
because
they
haven't
seen
somebody
break
through
to
be
able
to
follow
after
that
example.
J
M
Thank
you
jill
said
that
it
took
her
a
while
to
cry
for
the
committee.
Well
I'll,
do
it
right
away.
This
is
really
important
on
a
lot
of
different
levels
and,
as
I
gained
a
little
bit
of
composure
because
I
was
so
touched
by
what
was
said
a
moment
ago,
just
kind
of
as
a
background.
M
M
M
I
I
had
to
go
through
a
series
of
tests
I
had
to
to
once
again
prove
that
I
have
a
disability
apply
for
accommodations
and
then,
ultimately,
the
accommodations
that
were
given
me
were
not
appropriate.
I
was
just
simply
given
more
time.
Well,
if
you
can
take
a
look
at
a
word
like
I
do,
and
if
you
give
me
a
properly
spelled
word
and
an
improperly
spelled
word
side
by
side,
I
couldn't
tell
you
which
one
was
the
right
one.
M
Knowing
one
of
them
was
then
more
time
is
not
going
to
give
me
that,
and
just
as
an
aside,
the
the
individual
who
was
in
charge
of
the
arl
program
in
the
washoe
county
school
district
had
told
me
that,
at
just
before
the
time
that
I
was
allowed,
the
accommodation
to
to
go
take
an
english
course
in
lieu
of
having
to
pass
that
writing
test
that
that
there
were
16
other
people
in
washoe,
county
alone,
who
were
in
the
arel
program
and
otherwise
qualified
that
could
not
pass
one
of
those
portions
of
one
of
those
exams.
M
That's
either
writing
reading
or
math,
and
so
to
me,
that's
a
short
little
snippet
of
of
the
possibility.
If
there's
16
in
washoe
county
alone,
people
who
are
trying
to
become
educators
versus
throughout
the
entire
state,
you
can
multiply
it.
You
know
the
figures
better
than
I
do,
but
it
was.
M
M
Then
I
would
have
been
afforded
the
opportunity
to
simply
once
I
had
failed
that
test
a
single
time.
I
failed
it
multiple
with
and
without
accommodations,
but
I
would
have
been
afforded
to
simply
go
take
an
english
test
or
a
class
pass
that
with
a
b
or
higher
and
to
show
my
ability
and-
and
that
would
have
done
for
it,
but
but
for
my
arl
program
and
for
the
arl
licensure.
M
That's
not
a
possibility
currently
in
nevada,
which
means
that
that
even
I
was
not
afforded
the
same
accommodation
that
somebody
would
if
they
were
going
through
what
they
call
a
traditional
route
messenger.
M
So
I
totally
empathize
with
the
concrete
ceiling
thing
you
just
don't
see
it
done
kind
of
a
little
bit
more
on
my
story
is,
is
that
so,
since
I
was
ultimately
given
opportunity
to
take
an
english
course,
which
and
and
pass
that
with
a
b
or
higher
well,
I
passed
it
with
an
a
and
that's
not
to
say
that.
I'm
a
fabulous!
You
know
student,
but
I
I
thought
it
was
important
to
say
that
that
I
I'm
more
than
capable
of
writing.
M
They
couldn't
see
past
my
reading
or
my
inability
to
spell
to
grade
those
exams,
and
not
only
did
I
pass
it
with
the
a,
but
I
passed
it
with
the
highest
grade
out
of
an
initial
69
other
students,
so
out
of
70
students,
I
pass
it
with
the
highest
grade
that
that
just
says
that
there's
this
can
help
overcome
that
ceiling,
which
is
just
a
matter
of
people,
not
understanding
that
I
spell
very
phonetically
or
other
people
have
other
disabilities,
and
we
need
just
we're
not
asking
for
some
kind
of
a
provision
that
it
isn't
reasonable.
M
So
at
this
point
I've
been
teaching
for
over
a
year.
I
teach
in
special
education
and
I
teach
in
special
education
specifically
because
I
want
to
make
a
difference
in
the
lives
of
kids.
Who
would
have
been
like
me
when
I
was
a
kid
and
I
I
teach
at
de
monte
ranch
high
school.
I
teach
in
a
it's
called
social
intervention
program,
sip
and
my
being
in
the
classroom
kind
of
reflecting
what
jill
had
already
said
has
already
made
a
difference.
In
student
students
lives.
M
M
I
I
had
a
student
and-
and
she
wanted
to
be
a
early
childhood
educator
and
her
and
her
mom
thought
that
it
would
never
be
possible
for
her
and
when
I
shared
my
story
with
her,
her
mother
was
in
tears
because
now
she
sees
that
it
is
possible
for
her
daughter
and
so
that
that's
changed
from
being
a
child
care
worker
to
being
a
teacher,
and
I
just
think
that
that's
very
important
and
we
need
to
move
this
forward
and
give
other
people
opportunity
to
show
their
capability
rather
than
focusing
on
their
lack.
M
Really
what
it
boils
down
to
is,
I
I'm
totally
in
favor
of
this
bill.
I'm
thrilled
that
it's
there,
just
the
the
verbiage
that
to
provide
alternate
means
of
demonstrating
competency
is
worlds
ahead
of.
What's
going
on
right
now
and
I
fully
support
it,
and
I
thank
you
for
your
time.
A
Thank
you,
mr
wheeler,
and
with
that
I
will
open
it
up
to
questions
from
the
committee.
Do
we
have
any
questions
from
the
committee
I'm
looking
at
everyone's
hands?
I
think
it
was
pretty
well
covered
in
the
in
the
testimony.
A
Okay.
So
with
that,
I
will
open
it
up
if
we
have
any
testimony
on
the
phone
in
support
pps.
Do
we
have
anyone
raising
their
hand
for
support
on
bill
ab225.
L
L
L
C
We
engage
in
bipartisan
advocacy
for
advancing
public
education
in
nevada
and
clark,
county
ccea
supports
ab225
and
the
amendment
offered
by
assemblywoman
tolls
as
an
elementary
school
teacher.
I
know
firsthand
the
importance
of
making
accommodations
for
not
only
my
students
with
an
individual
education
plan,
but
students
who
may
suffer
from
test
anxiety,
assessing
students
on
their
knowledge
of
content
standards
does
not
mean
it
has
to
be
done
in
a
traditional
formative
or
summative
assessment
format.
C
We
need
to
make
accommodations
for
people
with
a
disability
that
have
proven
academic
success
in
the
past,
but
may
not
be
able
to
successfully
demonstrate
competency
into
traditional
assessment
format.
We
need
to
diversify
the
education
profession
and
do
whatever
we
can
to
attract
individuals
with
a
high
academic
aptitude
who
want
to
be
in
the
profession.
C
Diversifying
the
teaching
profession
must
be
a
priority,
especially
as
we
face
issues
with
teacher
retention.
Allowing
testing
alternatives
will
be
a
step
in
supporting
diversity,
will
help
address
the
teacher
shortage
crisis
and
will
help
to
stigmatize
learning
accommodations
for
students
once
they
have
teachers
who
represent
their
same
needs.
Thank
you.
A
Thank
you
very
much,
miss
nices.
I
know
we
have
a
number
of
callers
who
are
calling
in
support
of
this
bill.
I
will
just
remind
folks
that
we
do
have
a
very
robust
agenda,
so
if
other
callers
have
said
what
you
want
to
say,
if
you
could
say
ditto,
we
do
have
afternoon
meetings
and
we
also
have
floor
again
tonight
at
4
45,
so
just
just
wanted
to
put
that
in
in
people's
heads.
But
could
we
take
the
next
caller
in
support.
L
E
I
don't
think
it's
difficult
to
see
the
value
of
having
students
who
themselves
may
have
a
learning
disability
see
in
front
of
them
an
effective
and
successful
teacher.
Who
can
look
at
them
be
right
in
the
eye
and
say
I
know
what
you're
going
through.
There
is
enormous
value
in
that
we
enthusiastically
support
ab225.
Thank
you.
L
E
E-R-I-K-J-I-M-E-N-E-Z,
thank
you,
chairwoman,
bilbray
axelrod
and
assemblywoman
tolls
for
bringing
ab225
I'll,
be
brief,
just
wanted
to
say,
as
someone
who
was
involved
in
ab64
from
the
2017
session,
it
is
such
a
pleasure
to
see
this
bill
and
I
think
the
continuation
of
making
sure
our
classrooms
reflect
the
diversity.
That's
in
nevada
student
population.
E
I
am
so
proud
of
my
friend
from
assembly
of
25
for
bringing
this
bill
and
I
think
it's
going
to
do
a
lot
to
make.
E
Kiddos
with
disabilities
know
that
they
are
seen
and
heard,
and
the
best
way
that
that
is
done
is
to
have
a
teacher
who
who
looks
like
them
so
enthusiastically
in
support
of
ab2,
25
and
thank
assembly.
Women's
holds
for
all
our
work
on
matches
thanks
bye,.
C
E-R-I-N-P-H-I-L-L-I-P-S,
I'm
the
president
of
power
to
parent.
We
represent
over
10
000
parents
across
the
state
of
nevada
and
I'm
speaking
in
support
today
of
ab225
parents
have
the
right
to
choose
a
quality
education
for
their
children
and
the
ability
to
recruit
quality
teachers
is
an
important
component
to
that.
C
This
bill
will
make
teacher
recruitment
and
attention
retention
methods
more
effective
for
applicants
with
a
disability.
Accommodations
may
will
be
made
in
testing.
On
a
personal
note,
as
a
mother
of
a
child
with
a
learning
disability,
I
know
firsthand
the
incredible
talent
and
value
that
people
who
learn
differently
can
bring.
So
I'm
grateful
for
more
opportunities
for
districts
to
recruit
quality
candidates,
especially
those
who
can
understand
and
truly
empathize
with
those
students
who
are
experiencing
similar
struggles.
Thank
you,
assemblywoman
tolls
for
bringing
this
important
bill
and
we
urge
the
committee
to
support
it.
L
E
Good
afternoon,
this
is
dr
avisha
ford
for
calling
in
from
illinois
e-v-I-s-h-a-f-o-r-d
like
the
call
like
the
car.
I
was
so
excited
to
hear
about
this
bill
when
I
learned
about
it.
As
I
said,
I'm
calling
in
from
illinois
because
we're
experiencing
teacher
shortages
nationwide,
my
background
is
as
a
public
education,
special
education
leader.
E
E
I'm
excited
because
we
actually
have
two
team
members
that
are
full-time
who
have
had
ieps
and
struggle
with
learning
disabilities
as
they
matriculated
through
the
school
system,
and
one
of
our
team
members
is
particularly
close
to
our
heart
and
relevant
to
this
bill,
because
she
was
one
of
our
students
and
has
returned
to
us
as
a
teacher's
assistant
and
we're
grateful
for
being
able
to
pour
into
her
in
hiring.
I
always
try
to
look
for
people
who
have
empathy
and
compassion.
E
I
believe
that
we
can
teach
instructional
practices,
but
we
can't
teach
empathy
and
so
who
better
to
exhibit
the
very
empathy
and
support
for
our
students
than
those
who
have
walked
in
their
shoes,
and
so
I
really
hope
that
we
will
pass
this
bill
and
that
nevada
will
break
ground
and
that
this
exciting
opportunity
will
have
a
ripple
effect
across
the
nation
to
address
teacher
shortages,
but,
more
importantly,
to
make
sure
that
we
have
individuals
in
front
of
our
students
who
can
act
as
role
models
and
inspire
hope
for
their
futures.
Thank
you.
E
A
Thank
you,
dr
ford,
for
the
call
next
caller
and
support.
L
F
N
A
l-I-n-d-s-a-y-a-n
d
e
r
s,
o
n,
and
in
the
interest
of
time
we
want
our
teachers
to
reflect
our
students,
and
so
we
think
this
is
a
common
sense
approach
to
broadening
our
pool
of
teachers.
We're
in
support.
L
E
Mallon
e-l-l-I-o-t
last
name
is
mallon
m-a-l-I.
First,
I'd
like
to
thank
assemblywoman
tolls
for
bringing
this
bill
forward.
This
important
bill
does
so
much
restore
opportunities
in
nevada
to
become
educators
of
our
youth.
With
our
current
teacher
shortage
in
nevada,
we
have
a
real
opportunity
to
not
only
help
solve
that,
but
to.
M
L
Sure
it
seems
that
the
caller,
with
the
last
three
digits
such
thing
2,
is
having
difficulty
on
their
end
on
muti.
I
can
go
on
to
the
next
caller
at
this
time.
If
you
like,
we.
A
Are
at
11
minutes
of
support
right
now
and
just
in
the
interest
of
time,
I'm
gonna
have
to
move
on
to
opposition
in
neutral
if
we
continue,
at
this
rate,
we're
going
to
have
to
come
back
here
after
floor.
A
So
I
apologize
to
those
of
you
who
are
on
the
line,
but
we
really
have
to.
We
have
to
keep
moving,
so
we
will
move
on
to
opposition
at
this
point.
L
L
A
Thank
you
broadcast,
and
I
I
know
that
there
was
at
least
one
other
person
who
was
unable
to
unmute
for
for
support,
as
you
saw,
we
did
not
have
any
testimony
coming
in
and
opposition.
So
if
you
would
like
to
please
submit
in
writing,
your
support
and
assemblywoman
told
I'm
going
to
invite
you
back
up
if
you'd
like
to
make
a
comment,
but
I'm
giving
you
that
look.
A
O
Thank
you,
madam
chair
and
good
afternoon
to
you
and
the
members
of
the
committee
I'm
similar
and
tom
roberts
from
assembly
district
13
for
the
record.
The
present
assembly
bill
319
today
with
me
also
is
mr
james,
mccoy
from
the
college
of
southern
nevada,
he'll
co-present.
O
We
will
first
I'll
give
a
little
breakdown
on
what
why
this
bill
came
to
being
then
I'll
turn
it
over
to
mr
mccoy
he'll
go
over
the
specifics
of
the
bill
for
each
section
and
then
I'll
turn
it
back
over
to
you,
madam
chair,
so
that
you
can
do
questions
and
or
support
and
opposition.
O
O
This
committee
was
co-chaired
by
senate
majority
leader,
nicole
cannizzaro
senator
keith
pickard
assemblywoman,
sandra
haudegee
and
and
myself.
We
held
eight
meetings
over
the
interim
over
a
six-month
period
and
we
had
about
120
stakeholders
that
participated
in
the
process.
O
We
started
by
taking
suggestions
on
how
to
stimulate
economic
growth
and
workforce
development
in
southern
nevada
and,
as
you
can
imagine,
we
came
up
with
hundreds
of
ideas
in
our
initial
meetings
over
the
next
eight
weeks
or
eight
meetings.
The
stakeholders
narrowed
those
ideas
down
to
a
small
group
of
specific
recommendations,
and
then
we
voted
and
selected
four
final
recommendations.
O
One
of
those
recommendations
is
the
bill
that
you
have
before
you
today,
and
it
involves
dual
credit
courses
for
both
community
college
and
high
school
students
that
prepares
them
for
early
employment
and
which
was
actually
ratified
by
the
group.
So,
as
the
co-chair
of
the
committee,
I
utilized
one
of
my
bill
draft
request
for
this
bill.
O
As
you
can
imagine,
this
bill
came
out
after
the
deadline.
I
did
not
have
an
opportunity
to
get
my
fellow
co-chair
assembly,
woman,
sandra
haudegee,
to
sign
on
to
the
bill.
She
has
agreed
to
be
a
primary
co-sponsor
and
I
will
submit
an
amendment
to
reflect
that.
So
it's
both
our
bills,
the
the
the
bill
idea,
came
the
first
bill.
Draft
idea
came
with
a
15
million
dollar
physical
note
and
considering
the
physical
climate
that
our
state
is
in
and
probably
being
not
being
able
to
fund
this.
O
We
scaled
that
down
to
a
pilot
program,
which
is
what
you
see
today.
We
believe
that
this
structure
would,
if
we
put
this
in
place,
it
will
allow
the
program
to
to
grow
and,
as
more
funding
becomes
available,
be
able
to
be
able
to
scale
it
up.
Excuse
me
just
as
a
note:
there
are
a
number
of
other
bills
that
are
out
there
in
both
houses
that
touch
dual
enrollment
programs.
O
Our
work
group
has
reviewed
these
bills
and
we
have
not
found
that
that
this
bill
conflicts
with
others.
We
actually
believe
that
it
would
complement
those
other
bills
so
with
that
I'll
turn
it
over
to
mr
mccoy
and
he
can
run
over
the
details
of
the
bill.
P
P
P
I
want
to
start
by
providing
a
brief
overview
of
some
of
the
foundational
elements
of
this
particular
bill.
First,
just
to
right-size
this
context,
and
I'm
sure
you
all
are
very
well
aware
that
dual
credit
courses
represent
an
essential
strategy
to
essentially
creating
an
opportunity
for
an
increase
in
skilled
and
competitive
workforce
by
increasing
college
and
career
readiness.
P
Expanding
this
opportunity
to
participate
in
dual
credit
courses
to
students
who
are
part
of
underserved
or
at-risk
communities
and
communities
with
historically
low
rates
of
participation
in
post-secondary
education
is
a
primer
point
for
this
bill
as
well.
This
is
an
equity
bill.
This
is
an
access
to
early
college
pathways
that
really
will
help
set
the
stage
for
more
of
our
nevadans,
regardless
of
their
background,
to
get
on
a
pathway
to
career
with
some
college
experience
along
the
way.
P
As
the
centerman
roberts
noted,
this
csn
is
responding
to
the
call
from
the
southern
nevada
forum
in
preparation
for
this
bill,
and
I'd
also
like
to
give
a
big
shout
out
to
pepper
and
jen
sturm
from
the
lcb
research
division,
who
were
instrumental
over
the
last
several
months
in
helping
us
to
conduct
some
research
nationally
in
this
space.
To
bring
some
of
these
specifics
to
you
today.
P
The
bill
here
essentially
leads
to
a
pilot
project,
the
opportunity
for
csn
and
ccsd
to
partner
together
once
again
to
bring
a
robust
dual
credit
opportunity
specifically
for
career
and
technical
education
pathways,
and
these
pathways
are
aligned
specifically
to
industry,
recognized
or
industry
sectors
in
southern
nevada,
where
we
have
a
significant
need
for
additionally
trained
employees
and
again
as
a
reference.
Our
focus
for
the
student
population
for
this
pilot
is
primarily
on
underserved,
low-income
high
school
students
who
otherwise
would
not
have
access
to
these
kinds
of
pathways.
P
There
is
no
fiscal
note
attached
to
this
bill
and,
finally,
this
act
would
expire
on
june
30th
of
2023
just
to
wrap
up
my
presentation
here,
madam
chair,
I
want
to
make
sure
that
I
right-size
the
context
for
what
we're
talking
about
in
terms
of
dual
credit
and
concurrent
enrollment.
This
is
a
very
neat
model.
It's
a
it's
a
it's
a
model
that
is
represented
in
in
small
pockets,
across
the
state
of
nevada
and
certainly
across
the
country.
P
How
will
it
operationalize
this
pilot
is
as
follows:
a
high
school
teacher
who
was
qualified
to
deliver
college-level
coursework
with
the
right
credentials
as
validated
by
accrediting
bodies,
and
certainly
the
post-secondary
institution
to
deliver
these
college
credits.
The
course
would
be
taught
during
the
high
school
day
not
to
disrupt
the
high
school
students
schedule
and
at
the
high
school
facility.
So
transportation
challenges
would
not
be
an
issue
with
that
in
mind,
I'll
kind
of
end
and
prepare
for
questions
by
providing
a
very
brief
overview
of
what
this
pilot
would
look
like.
P
Essentially,
our
partners
at
the
nevada
department
of
education,
along
with
the
school
districts
therein
operate
a
cte,
articulated
college
credit
model.
Thousands
of
students
across
this
state
are
engaged
in
cte
high
school
preparation,
preparing
preparing
them
for
industries
right
here
in
nevada.
These
students
enter
into
this
pathway
most
of
the
time
in
their
freshman
year.
They
complete
their
freshman,
their
sophomore
and
their
junior
year
working
toward
all
kinds
of
different
credentials
at
the
high
school
level.
P
This
becomes
the
csn
ccsd
cte,
concurrent
enrollment
pilot
program.
I
want
to
close
by
emphasizing
that
this
pilot
allows
us
to
provide
dual
credit
access
to
underserved
communities
in
nevada.
Our
pilot
size
would
aim
at
a
thousand
students
over
the
course
of
this
next
academic
year
in
particularly
in
demand
industry
sectors
that
align
to
current
cte
pathways
that
are
already
offered
within
the
clark
county
school
district.
P
We
are
confident
that
this
cte,
concurrent
enrollment
model
will
provide
access
to
these
a
thousand
underserved
students
and
again
will
serve
as
a
model
for
the
entire
state
at
csn.
We're
willing
to
invest
our
philanthropic
dollars
to
prov
to
prove
this
concept
works,
and
our
hope
is
that
future
legislative
sessions
will
agree
and
continue
to
fund
the
program
thereafter.
A
A
Okay,
I
just
wanted
to
take
a
point
to
make
sure
that
the
intent
of
this
bill
isn't
in
any
way
trying
to
compete
with
the
high
school
at
cs,
and
I
just
want
to
get
that
on
the
record.
I
I
think
they
work
very
nicely
in
tandem,
but
I
just
wanted
to
get
that
on
the
record.
O
You
are
correct.
There
is
no
intention
to
compete
with
that
with
that
program.
A
Great
okay,
I
see
assemblyman
woman
hanson
has
a
question:
are
there
any
other
questions
from
the
committee.
Q
G
You
did
in
the
interim,
and
I
actually
have
a
question
from
mr
mccoy
thank
you
for
being
here.
So
I
know
that
remediation
has
been
a
concern
when,
when
students
come
to
college-
and
I
think
cn
csn
carries.
C
A
lot
of
that
load
in
trying
to
help
those
students,
I'm
just
curious.
It
would
seem
to
me
that
dual
enrollment
programs,
maybe
those
students,
come
maybe
a
little
bit
better
prepared
and
you
can
bypass
remediation.
Do
we
have
any
data
to
reflect
that
that
dual
enrollment
programs
help
alleviate
that
remediation
need.
P
Madam
chair,
through
you
to
assemblywoman
hanson,
thank
you
for
that
question
and
it's
very
astute
observation.
You're,
absolutely
correct.
P
Now,
specifically
to
dual
enrollment.
There
was
a
provision
within
the
board
of
regents
policy
that
allows
the
post-secondary
institutions
to
leverage
the
traditional
remediation
model
only
in
the
context
of
dual
enrollment
at
the
high
school
level,
and
so
a
proportion
of
this
pilot
that
I
didn't
have
an
opportunity
to
to
explain.
Is
that?
Not
only
will
these
students
in
their
senior
year
continue
their
cte
track
pathway
in
whatever
discipline
they've
been
pursuing?
P
The
last
three
years,
but
we're
also
packaging
with
that
to
your
point,
assemblywoman
hansen,
the
opportunity
to
take
the
appropriate
english
and
the
appropriate
math
course
that
is
applicable
to
their
cte
field.
Many
times
it's
contextualized,
mathematics
or
contextualized
english,
but
if
there
is
a
deficiency
in
remediation,
is
necessary
that
co-requisite
model
will
go
into
play
or
we
have
the
opportunity
to
institute
traditional
remediation
in
that
space.
So
when
they
graduate
high
school,
they
are
indeed
college
ready
for
math
and
english.
A
I
am
not
seeing
any
so
with
that
sibling
robert
sit
back
and
we
will
open
up
the
phone
lines
for
testimony
in
support
ups.
Are
there
any
callers
and
support
on
ab265.
L
Q
Good
afternoon,
chair
and
members
of
the
committee,
my
name
is
dylan
keith
d-y-l-a-n
k-e-I-t-h
policy,
analyst
with
the
vegas
chamber,
and
it
was
also
my
pleasure
to
oversee
the
southern
nevada
forum
and
specifically
the
economic
development
workforce
committee,
which
is
where
av-319
originated,
to
give
a
brief
overview.
Southern
nevada
forum
is
a
bipartisan
forum
shared
by
the
speaker,
fryerson
and
partnered
by
the
vegas
chamber,
the
city
of
las
vegas
and
community
stakeholders.
Q
Each
of
the
five
committees
are
co-chaired
by
members
of
each
caucus,
and
I
was
fortunate
to
have
excellent
co-chairs
in
economic
development
workforce
with
senate
majority
leader
canazaro
senator
pickard
assemblyman
roberts,
who
is
generously
carrying
this
bill
and
assemblywoman
heidegger.
This
mcgill
this
bill
began
as
an
idea
as
120
people
in
rotating
groups
provided
ideas.
As
we
frantically
wrote
down
each
of
them.
We
then
had
participants
vote
to
find
our
top
10
priorities
for
the
committee
and
over
the
next
eight
months
we
heard
presentations
on
each
topic
after
a
pandemic.
Q
E
Q
In
the
importance
of
having
these
classes
conducted
through
the
nevada
system
of
higher
education,
as
they
actually
do,
transfer
over
his
college
credits
to
colleges
and
universities
for
students
from
working
class
families,
this
means
real
college
level
classes
at
a
fraction
of
the
cost
that
are
completed
in
high
school.
That
alone
is
a
major
relief
to
nevada's
families
later
in
their
college
career,
the
completed
classes
translate
the
breaks
in
their
schedule
to
complete
internships,
as
students
begin
to
gain
the
experience
and
network
that
will
be
that
will
help
them
join
the
workforce.
Q
The
importance
of
these
classes
can't
be
overstated
enough
for
nevada's
families
and
students,
with
the
alleviation
of
costs
preparing
in
high
school
for
college
level
classes
and
the
time
it
affords
students
in
their
later
semesters
to
have
the
time
to
complete
internships
and
gain
experience.
Dual
credit
classes
carry
over
many
benefits.
Q
Thank
you
to
each
of
the
co-chairs,
who
generously
spent
their
time
the
community
stakeholders
who
brought
this
legislation
into
fruition,
as
well
as
the
college
of
southern
nevada
for
creating
this
language.
The
vegas
chamber
supports
this
bill
and
we
urge
your
support
as
well.
Thank
you.
Chair
and
members
for
your
time.
A
L
E
E
L-E-O-N-A-R-D-O-B-E-N-A-V-I-D-E-S
with
the
clark
county
school
district,
testifying
today
in
support
of
ab319,
we
want
to
thank
the
settlement
roberts
along
with
csn
and
the
vegas
chamber
for
their
work
in
pushing
this
bill
forward,
as
well
as
to
everyone
from
the
southern
nevada
forum
who
supported
this
as
a
high
need
priority.
So
we
could
address
the
importance
of
dual
enrollment
programs
here
today,
ccsc
superintendent,
jesus
jarrah
has
continually
expressed
support
for
increasing
dual
ruling
enrollment
in
the
district
spoke
districts
focused
2024
plans
at
ccsd,
expanding
dual
credit
opportunities
aligned
to
cte
pathways.
E
E
It
is
our
hope
that
this
pilot
problem
will
be
such
a
success
that
we
will
be
able
to
expand
these
types
of
efforts
throughout
the
state.
Once
again,
I
want
to
thank
assemblyman
roberts
for
sponsoring
this
bill
and
on
allowing
us
to
come
and
show
our
support
for
the
expansion
of
dual
enrollment
opportunities
for
students.
Thank
you,
members
for
your
time
today.
L
N
Good
afternoon
committee,
woman
committee,
chairwoman,
bilbray
axelrod
and
committee
members,
my
name
is
hava
ahmed
h,
a
w
a
h
and
I'm
here
representing
the
clark
county
education
association.
The
clark
county
education
association
is
the
official
bargaining
partner
for
the
clark
county
school
district
and
represents
more
than
eighteen
thousand
licensed
professionals.
N
We
engage
in
bipartisan
advocacy
for
advancing
public
education
in
nevada
and
clark.
County
ccea
supports
ab319
and
thanks
assemblyman
robert
for
bringing
this
bill
forward.
Multiple
dual
credit
bills
have
been
submitted
during
the
2010
20
legislative
session,
but
to
my
knowledge,
none
have
explicitly
aligned
dual
credit
opportunities
with
our
underserved
economically
disadvantaged
high
school
students.
Most
17
percent
of
nevada
students
cost
that
as
english
learners
and
approximately
48
percent
of
els
likely
living
in
socioeconomically
disadvantaged
families,
8319
aligns
opportunities
with
communities
who
have
historically
experienced
low
rates
of
participation
in
post-secondary
education.
N
The
additional
support
system
put
in
place
by
csm
builds
a
structure
where
students
can
access,
among
other
supports
academic
advising
counseling
and
tutoring.
In
other
words,
a
support
system
will
be
in
place
for
high
schools
and
at
the
college
of
southerners
at
the
college
of
southern
nevada.
Excuse
me
increasing
the
likelihood
of
long-term
academic
success.
N
Nevada
students
deserve
post-secondary
opportunities.
Ccea
believes
that
assembly
bill
319
offers
our
students
a
pathway
to
all
students
leading
them
through
k-12
to
post-secondary
college
and
career
opportunities,
and
we
look
forward
to
working
with
assemblyman
roberts
to
bring
this
bill
to
fruition.
Thank
you.
L
E
Thank
you,
madam
chair,
for
the
opportunity
to
comment
today
and
thank
you
to
the
sponsors
for
bringing
this
bill.
I
currently
serve
as
the
chair
of
the
institutional
advisory
council
at
csn,
but
I'm
actually
commenting
today
on
in
my
role
as
a
just
a
regular
old
citizen,
and
maybe
more
so
as
a
father
of
five,
who
will
eventually
hopefully
go
on
to
college
and
and
great
things.
E
This
particular
program
is
dual
credit
program
is,
is
near
and
dear
to
my
heart.
I've
been
advocating
for
it
for
a
long
long
time,
but
this
it
will
help
students
get
a
vision
of
who
they
can
become
early
on
in
their
high
school
career,
and
I
think
that
will
be
divinity
for
them
and
for
our
community
down
the
road.
A
Mr
bps,
any
other
callers
in
support
for
ab319.
L
A
Thank
you,
and
I
would
encourage
for
that
caller
to
send
in
their
their
support
in
writing
and
and
we
will
move
on
to
opposition
on
ab319.
A
L
A
Thank
you
broadcast
and
with
that
I
will
ask
the
sponsor
if
he
has
any
closing
remarks.
A
R
Thank
you
good
afternoon,
chair
bilbray,
axelrod,
a
vice
chair
miller
and
members
of
the
education
committee.
My
name
is
nathan
anderson
and
it
is
my
honor
to
represent
assembly
district
30..
It
is
also
my
honor
to
be
a
public
school
teacher
and,
as
many
of
us
know,
we
are
continually
facing
issues
around,
retain
retaining
excuse
me
and
recruiting
educators.
R
R
They
are
the
ones
based
upon
their
own
experience,
administrators
experience
where
a
teacher
realizes
that
they
can
take
a
risk
in
their
lessons
and
it's
okay,
that
they
can
reflect
accurately
and
they
have
somebody
that
is
their
champion,
that
they
can
go
speak
with
many
times.
There
are
educators
that
are
excellent
and
have
already
earned
their
masters
in
a
subject
other
than
educational
leadership,
and
yet
that's
the
person
that
kind
of
many
individuals
go
to
and
they
would
be
the
best
administrator,
but
they
don't
have
a
masters
in
school
leadership.
R
I
can
think
of
so
many
fellow
educators
who
oh,
they
would
just
be
the
best
administrator
for
us
because
of
that
classroom
experience,
but
their
masters
might
is
usually
in
their
subject
area
and
it's
and
they
have
the
knowledge
of
the
financial.
They
have
the
knowledge
of
the
other
elements,
they're
taught
in
the
master's
program.
They
don't
have
that
one
thing
of
educational
leadership
there's
another
reason.
Why,
though,
I
wanted
to
bring
this
forward.
E
R
Member
or
an
administrator,
and
that
is
the
lack
of
diversity,
the
department
of
education's
presentation
to
this
committee
a
few
weeks
ago,
I
want
to
say
it
was
around
february
7th
included
a
bar
graph
on
slide
15.,
which,
if
you
get
a
chance
to
look
at
it
again,
the
visualization
of
how
many
of
our
students
are
minority
versus
how
many
of
our
educators
are
not.
R
It
is
an
alarming
statistic,
and
I
I
realize
that
this
is
a
self-identified,
so
it's
not
always
done
scientifically,
but
just
to
highlight
the
administrators.
Only
there
are
1737
school
administrators
who
self-identified
of
that
number
only
337
did
not
identify
themselves
as
white.
R
Our
students
need
to
not
only
see
their
teacher
in
their
classroom,
look
like
them,
but
they
also
need
to
see
the
person
leaving
their
school
look
like
them.
This
is
an
opportunity
for
us
to
start
to
address
that
issue
and
instead
of
walking
through
the
bill.
With
the
chair's
permission,
I
would
actually
like
to
hand
it
over
to
janna
wilcox-levin,
as
well
as
alyssa
nabor,
to
continue
the
presentation
if
chair
chairwoman,
bilbray
oxford
is
okay
with
that,
please
go
ahead.
Thank
you.
Janna,
would
you
like
to
continue.
H
You
are
unmuted
here
we
go.
Yes,
thank
you.
Thank
you,
assemblywoman,
and
thank
you,
chairwoman
and
members
of
the
committee
for
having
me
today.
My
name
is
janna
wilcox-lavin
for
the
record
at
opportunity180,
we
are
committed
to
ensuring
that
every
kid
has
access
to
a
high
quality
education
that
ensures
they
graduate
college
and
career
ready
and
they
are
prepared
to
decide
their
own
future.
H
Just
yesterday,
a
group
of
fellow
education
leaders
and
I
facilitated
a
conversation
with
a
group
of
students
across
the
state.
Those
students
shared
that
having
a
leader
that
looked
like
them,
gave
them
hope
and
a
stronger
platform
of
trust.
We
have
a
recording
of
that
conversation
to
share
with
you
all
and
those
students
are
our.
Why?
H
So
we
believe
that
this
bill
will
expand
career
pathways
for
educators,
who
aspire
to
school
leadership,
as
well
as
provide
additional
options
for
educators
to
identify
a
path
to
licensure
that
aligns
to
their
available
time
and
financial
resources
as
well
as
takes
into
consideration
their
previous
experience.
H
H
First
is
the
approval
of
an
alternative
program
that
is
on
par
with
a
master's
degree
in
education
and
leverages
leverages
intensive
practice-based
training
that
a
future
school
leader
can
complete,
while
they
also
execute
their
current
job.
One
example
of
such
a
program
could
be
the
replication
of
a
site-based
program
in
philadelphia
called
the
philly
plus
residency
or
a
national
partner,
such
as
new
leaders,
which
is
an
approved
alternative
program
for
school
leadership.
Licensure
in
louisiana.
H
Second,
is
the
opportunity
for
an
educator
to
apply
their
prior
experience
in
prior
education
in
the
form
of
degrees
via
an
experienced
portfolio
to
demonstrate
their
readiness
to
take
on
a
school
leader
role.
This
approach
has
been
successfully
deployed
in
colorado
and
provides
an
opportunity
for
experienced
educators
to
expand
their
career
opportunities,
so
I'll
just
quickly
walk
through
the
sections
and
the
proposed
amended
sections
assemblyman.
Of
course,
if
there's
anything
to
add,
please
please
jump
in
section
1,
subsection
1
of
the
bill
contains
several
guard
rails,
suggested
both
by
the
bill
sponsor
and
other
stakeholders.
H
The
new
subsection
d
also
clarifies
the
requirement
for
a
masters
in
another
subject,
as
we
heard
the
assemblywoman
reference
and
for
a
work
session.
This
amendment
we'll
will
consider
applying
to
applicants
who
are
utilizing
the
alternative
program
approach.
Also,
the
intent
is
to
allow
for,
for
example,
nationally
board
certified
teachers
or
teachers
with
an
extensive
amount
of
experience
and
no
masters
to
apply
through
a
portfolio
as
outlined
in
the
next
section.
H
Section
two
of
the
bill
allows
the
department
of
education
to
adopt
regulations
to
clarify
the
portfolio
path.
In
my
written
comments,
which
I
can
share,
I
have
some
some
supporting
documents
on
how
they've
done
this
in
other
places
as
a
reference
point
just
for
consideration,
and
then
these
regulations
would
include
a
site-specific
waiver
for
prospective
leaders
if
they
are
planning
to
serve
a
specialized
school.
One
such
example
might
be
a
mission
high
school
in
clark
county
that
serves
students
who
are
in
recovery
from
addiction.
H
And
then,
as
a
part
of
that
waiver
application,
the
commission,
the
committee
excuse
me,
could
review
more
traditional
academic
supports
and
other
administrators
at
the
school
as
well
to
make
sure
that
that
team
is
fully
is
fully
complete,
with
the
skills
necessary
to
serve
students.
A
I
have
thank
you
very
much.
Miss
wilcox
did
miss
navworth.
Were
you
intending
on
testifying
as
well
or
should
we
move
on
to
questions
we
can
move
on
to
questions?
Thank
you
so
much
chair.
Thank
you.
I
know
that
chair
miller
had
a
question.
Do
we
have
any
other
questions
from
the
committee?
B
Thank
you
chair
my
question
on
this
and
thank
you
assemblywoman
for
bringing
this
legislation
forward
and
I'm
going
off
of
the
proposed
conceptual
amendments.
B
So
in
here
under
section
one
under
the
requirements
it
number
one
d,
it
says,
require
a
person
to
have
held
a
license
to
teach
before
obtaining
a
license.
As
an
administrator,
so
obviously
saying
you
already
have
to
be
licensed
to
teach.
However,
it
doesn't
there
isn't
a
minimum
type
of
license
because,
let's
remember
a
substitute
license
is
a
license.
B
B
So
without
a
minimum
license
type
of
license
or
a
minimum
years
in
the
classroom,
then
essentially
the
situation
could
be
that
someone
and-
and
we
know
that
you
know-
we've
had
arl
programs
where
people
are
put
into
a
classroom
after
a
few
weeks,
and
so
essentially,
then
that
person
could
apply
for
this
and
then
that
next
year
be
get
an
admin
license.
And
now
we
have
like
one
year
of
classroom
experience
which
actually
just
my
biggest
concern.
B
Well,
one
of
the
concerns
that
you
brought
already
is
our
lack
of
representation
in
the
administration
that
we
have
in
school
leadership
and
and
also
that
the
nepotism
that
happens
where
it's
it's
really
based
on
picking
and
choosing
and
who
you
know
and
who
you
like.
And
anybody
in
in
the
school
buildings
know
that,
because
there's
also
hundreds
and
hundreds
of
teachers
that
have
admin
license
that
are
not
chosen
to
be
admin.
So
I'm
just
wondering
how
do
we?
B
Why
isn't
there
and
can
there
be
a
minimum
so
that,
when
we're
looking
at
high
quality
people
that
really
the
ones
that
we
really
want
in
administration,
addressing
minimum
types
of
licensing
and
also
minimum
years
in
the
classroom
with
experience
and
proven
records
and
data
and
evaluations
that
they
can
be
successful,
that
they
were
successful
in
the
classroom?
And
therefore
those
are
the
ones
that
we're
looking
at.
R
So,
thank
you
for
bringing
that
up
assembly
member
miller.
This
is
nathan,
anderson.
I
I
think
that's
a
issue
that
has
been
part
of
many
discussions
that
we're
having
in
different
times,
because
at
one
point
we
were
talking
about
what
should
be
five
years.
Should
it
be
this?
What
exactly
should
there
be
a
number
of
evaluation
things?
How
exactly
do
we
utilize
this,
and
I
think
that's
one
one
area
of
concern
that
the
department
of
education
and
one
reason
why,
as
well,
we're
continuing
to
have
discussions
with
the
department
of
education
opportunity.
R
All
of
us
are
having
these
discussions
is.
How
do
we
figure
this
out?
Is
this
something
that
should
be
in
law
or
is
it
something
that
should
be
in
the
regulations
because,
as
we
all
know,
there
are
some
little
tiny
things
that
happen?
Well,
not
not
tiny!
I'm
sorry
excuse
me.
Evaluations
are
never
tiny,
as
you
all
know,
but
more
about.
What's
the
process
that
we're
utilizing,
and
so
I
think
this
is
an
item
that
is
definitely
an
important
item
when.
C
R
Envisioned
this,
when
we
talked
about
this,
I
had
an
idea
of
five
years
or
more
that
they
had
been
educators.
The
the
idea
of
it
being
a
substitute
teacher,
I
think,
is
a
very,
very
important
element
to
bring
in
that.
I
had
not
considered
before
and
so
we'll
be
bringing
that
into
the
discussions
that
continuing
to
have
with
the
department
of
education,
but
I
didn't
know
janet
if
you
wanted
to
also
add
to
that
that
information.
H
Thank
you,
assemblywoman,
and
thanks
for
the
question
vice
chair
miller,
this
is
jana
wilcox
11
for
the
record.
The
only
thing
I
would
add
is
that
two
things
one
it
would
require
a
program
completion,
so
I
would
also
presume
that
those
programs,
the
highest
quality
programs
out
there-
that
I
imagine
would
be
those
approved,
would
require
demonstration
of
experience
in
leadership
roles
and
would
have
many
of
their
own
qualifications
along
the
way.
So
I
think
a
lot
of
that.
H
B
And-
and
I
appreciate
both
of
your
responses-
I
just
know-
and-
and
I
believe
that
you
know
many
of
us
in
education-
it's
the
inconsistency
that
is
really
driving
a
lot
of
the
challenges,
especially
in
recruitment
and
retention,
and
so
when
we
talk
about
the
discussion
about,
should
it
be
legislated
or
just
within
regulation
and
policy.
B
Again,
you
know
the
more
the
it
when
it's
just
a
policy.
We
have
a
tendency
to
adapt
rules
to
just
our
site
or
our
need
and
again
what
we
may
discuss
up
here
of,
oh
well,
our
intention
was
is
not
what
it
ever
plays
out
to
be
actually
when
we
get
back
into
the
school
building.
B
So
I
hope
that
that
is
something,
and
I
most
likely
will
be
bringing
forth
amendments
for
that
to
make
sure
that
we
actually
put
in
parameters
to
make
sure
that
this
is
consistent
throughout
the
state
and
that
this
is
the
standard
that
nde
and
our
school
districts
are
looking
at.
So
thank
you
for
that.
A
L
E
L
E
E
But
as
mentioned
before,
they
don't
necessarily
have
the
resources
to
go
to
a
two
and
a
half
year
program
at
unlv
or
a
year
18
months
program
at
southern
utah
to
get
their
administrative
license,
but
they
have
the
relationships
and
the
rapport
and
they
do
literally
all
the
nitty-gritty
work
with
the
students.
So
total
support
absolutely
love
the
idea.
I
think
it
would
be
truly
amazing
for
the
state.
I
appreciate
you
guys
time.
I
hope
everybody
has
a
wonderful
rest
of
their
day.
A
Thank
you,
mr
hurt.
Next
caller
in
support
of
ab262.
L
E
A
E
No
problem
so
I'll
just
start
from
the
beginning,
giving
our
kids
a
quality
education
is
not
just
a
moral
responsibility,
but
it
is
also
good
for
business.
An
educated
workforce
attracts
new
companies
and
serves
as
a
catalyst
for
economic
development,
and
we
know
one
thing
to
be
true:
for
many
underprivileged
students,
often
their
school
teacher
or
school
administrator
also
serves
as
their
role
model
the
person
they
look
to
for
help
and
inspiration.
E
We
have
known
that
the
lack
of
diversity
amongst
teachers
is
a
problem,
but
the
lack
of
diversity
among
school
administrators
is
often
a
larger
problem.
We
need
more
deans
principals
assistant
principals,
etc
to
look
like
the
students
they
serve
because
they
are
in
a
better
position
to
understand
their
needs
and
their
struggles.
E
D
E
Of
licensure
of
administrators
does
not
work
for
everyone,
especially
excellent
educators
that
are
working
long
hours
to
help
their
students
in
class,
but
also
help
their
own
students
at
home.
An
alternative
route
to
licensure
that
can
adequately
that
adequately
values,
hands-on
experience
and
proven
results
will
give
many
passionate
educators
the
opening
they
need
to
take
their
passion
to
the
next
level.
E
A
L
C
C
I
recently
had
a
friend
who
had
was
working
on
an
administrative
degree
and
she
was
very
overwhelmed
with
the
amount
of
time
and
energy
and
the
money
that
she
was
having
to
spend
in
order
to
obtain
her
degree
in
administration,
and
so
she
chose
that
she
decided
she
couldn't
choose
between
putting
the
time
to
her
students
or
putting
the
time
to
the
degree.
So
she
decided
to
take
a
leave
of
absence
from
her
program.
C
I
think
it's
important
to
put
in
the
work
and
gain
the
experience
of
an
administrative
degree
for
teachers
who
are
carrying
the
daily
responsibilities
of
instruction.
The
time
needed
to
focus
on
the
coursework
and
related
expectations
creates
a
highly
restrictive
obstacle
due
to
the
finite
resources
of
time
and
money.
Many
diversified
educators,
who
would
make
exceptional
administrators
choose
not
to
pursue
administrative
degrees,
offering
an
arl
program
for
administration
in
nevada
would
allow
for
educators
to
obtain
administrative
positions
without
the
financial
and
time
constraint
burdens.
Thank
you
for
your
time.
L
A
L
C
M-A-R-I-E-N-E-I-S-E-S-S-
and
I
am
the
president
of
the
clark
county
education
association-
ccea-
strongly
opposes
ab265.
This
bill
produces
a
pipeline
to
move
from
educator
to
non-school-based
administrators
that
is
unnecessary
for
ccsd.
Currently,
the
clark
county
school
district
has
hundreds
of
educators
in
the
pool
awaiting
an
administrative
placement.
C
Ccsd
does
not
have
a
pipeline
issue
attributed
to
a
lack
of
alternative
licensing
routes.
Administrators
are
the
educational
leaders
of
our
buildings
and
central
office.
They
play
an
integral
part
in
the
success
of
teachers,
staff
and
students.
Nevada
should
not
create
a
quicker
or
easier
path
to
administration.
C
Additionally,
we
need
accountability
to
ensure
that
every
dollar
in
education
goes
to
where
it
is
needed,
liking,
class,
size
reduction,
resources
and
supporting
our
educators,
so
they
can
support
our
students.
Ccea
appreciates
assemblywoman
anderson
for
bringing
this
bill
forward,
and
we
appreciate
the
intent
of
this
bill,
but
are
unclear
as
the
purpose
of
this
bill.
We
also
need
clarification
on
whether
these
provisional
licenses
automatically
mean
an
individual
can
apply
for
full
licensure.
C
L
A
Thank
you,
bps
did
assemblywoman
anderson.
Did
you
have
any
closing
remarks.
R
A
Thank
you,
and
with
that
I
will
close
the
hearing
on
ab265
and
open
the
hearing
on
ab262.
I'm
assembly
anderson
welcome
back
long
time,
no
see
and
begin
when
you
are
ready.
R
Good
afternoon
again
chair
bill,
ray
axelrod
vice
chair
miller
and
members
of
the
education
committee.
I
do
feel
like
this
is
my
home.
In
many
ways,
as
you
already
know,
my
name
is
nathan.
R
And
I
have
the
honor
to
represent
assembly
district
30..
As
many
of
you
also
know,
I
come
from
a
family
of
educators
and
one
of
those
educators
was
a
huge
believer
in
the
importance
of
recognizing
our
native
american
culture,
as
well
as
the
native
american
influences
on
our
beautiful
state
of
nevada.
R
It
is
from
that
influence,
as
well
as
from
many
of
the
things
that
have
been
happening
over
the
last
few
years,
which
is
what
is
the
impetus
or
beginning
of
where
ab262
comes
from.
There's
a
way
for
us
to
honor
our
history
and
honor.
The
impact
the
native
american
community
has
had
on
our
beautiful
state.
R
R
R
Over
the
last
few
weeks,
almost
months,
I've
had
the
opportunity
actually
to
meet
with
a
variety
of
individuals
from
the
native
american
community.
R
I
was
taking
a
look
at
the
data
because
the
future
that's
what
we
get
to
do
often-
and
I
was
seeing
that
our
native
american
students
in
the
nevada
cohorts
for
the
last
set.
I
think
it
was
a
2018
most
up-to-date
2018-2019
excuse
me
they
were
graduating
almost
10
percent
less
than
the
rest
of
our
population.
R
R
R
R
The
nevada
system
of
higher
education
started
as
a
land-grant
university
on
land
that
did
not
belong
to
the
federal
government.
We
have
to
recognize
that
and
we
have
to
do
something
about
that,
but
the
second
thing,
and
by
the
way
this
is
something
I
learned
as
well.
Tuition
is
the
cost
of
going
to
school
when
you're
outside
of
the
state.
So
when.
G
H
R
R
It
would
allow
our
students,
who
are
members
of
the
nevada,
federally
recognized
tribes
or
distinct
descendants
of
nevada,
federally
recognized
tribes
to
be
able
to
attend
any
of
our
schools
of
the
nevada
system
of
higher
ed
for
free.
It
does
not
matter
if
it's
full-time
or
half-time
it
does
not
matter.
If
it
is
one
of
our
community
colleges
or
one
of
our
four-year
colleges,
it
would
be
the
per
credit
cost
for
that
class
would
be
covered.
R
R
R
R
R
I
realize
that
there's
a
price
tag
to
it.
I
realize
that,
and
I
recognize
that
that
discussion
is
for
a
different
committee.
This
is
four
ideas
of
it.
I
had
a
really
great
conversation
this
morning,
actually
with
representatives
of
nevada
system
of
higher
education,
as
well
as
their
financial
individuals
and
explain
to
them.
Why
I'm
thinking
about
why
this
bill
is
being
brought
forward
and
they
understood
what
I
was
saying.
I
don't
know
if
they
will
be
calling
into
support
or
not
support.
R
R
R
In
that
vein,
I
am
incredibly
honored
actually
to
be
joined
by
an
individual
who
is
basically
a
president.
He
is
an
international
leader
and
he
is
somebody
that
has
been
a
leader
in
the
washoe
county
area.
R
Entire
area
he
has
actually
been
the
chair
of
the
reno
sparks
indian
colony
for
over
27
years
is
respect
for
others.
His
respect
for
health,
his
respect
for
the
environment
and
his
respect
for
education
is
an
item
that
I
I
wanted
to
just
bring
up
as
well.
So
if
I
may
sure,
if
I
may
ask
the
reno
sparks
indian
colony,
chair,
arlen
melinda,
to
also
testify,
if
that
is
okay
with
you,.
A
R
I
You
hama
good
afternoon
committee,
chair
of
bilbray,
axelrod
and
members
of
the
education
committee.
My
name
is
arlen
melendez,
I'm
tribal
chairman
of
the
reno
sparks
indian
colony,
which
has
washoe
and
shoshone
members
with
about
1180
tribal
members
residing
in
reno's
sparks
in
hungary
valley
and
I'm
honored
to
just
be
able
to
testify
today.
Well.
I
First
of
all,
I
want
to
thank
the
sponsors
of
the
bill,
also
assembly
person,
anderson
and
the
rest
of
sponsors,
and
you
know
as
to
the
importance
of
this
initiative
and
higher
education
in
general
to
the
tribes
and
native
people.
First
of
all,
what's
what
miss
anderson
alluded
to?
I
want
to
read
a
statement.
First.
This
came
from
one
of
our
national
american
indian
college
fund.
This
is
what
they
said.
I
I
Honoring
these
moral
imperatives
and
upholding
sovereignty
are
fundamental
to
the
make
to
making
native
students
visible
at
institution
of
higher
education,
and
the
reason
I
read
that
is
because
the
history
of
the
washoe
and
the
paiute
people,
where
the
university
of
nevada
now
stands
here
in
reno.
You
know
those
were
paiute
and
washoe
encampments,
all
along
the
river
of
the
north
side
of
the
truckee
river,
and
you
know
that's
where
our
camps
were
in
those
early
years.
I
You
know
so
some
of
our
people
recognize
where
how
close
those
encampments
were
where
our
homes
were
before.
We
were
placed
on
indian
reservations
of
only
28
acres,
where
my
tribe
started
out,
and
so
over
history
we've
been
trying
to
make
things
right,
working
as
far
as
economic
development
gaining
back
some
of
our
lands,
but
then
we're
trying
to
address
education
now
and
how
that
plays
into
you
know
the
picture
here.
I
The
bill
would
greatly
enhance
the
opportunity
of
native
students
to
attend
college,
where
currently,
only
1.5
of
natives
in
nevada
are
enrolled
in
college
or
universities.
I
In
addition,
many
native
americans
live
below
the
poverty
level
at
28
compared
to
7.4
nationally
and
most
indian
reservations
have
unemployment
rates
much
higher
than
the
national
or
state
general
population
average.
Only
18
percent
of
native
students,
from
some
reservations
based
high
schools,
attend
colleges.
I
I
When
tribal
nations
are
strong,
then
the
state
of
nevada
is
wrong
is
strong
also,
and
what
I
mean
by
that
is
that
you
know,
because
of
many
of
the
rural
tribes
throughout
27
tribes
within
the
state
of
nevada.
Many
of
them
rural
economic
development
is
just
about
non-existence
so
for
tribes
to
try
to
help
to
pay
with
education.
I
It's
not
there,
but
if
we
can
get
educated
students
to
come
back
to
the
reservation
and
to
basically
be
they
work
for
the
tribes,
then
we
can
basically
build
an
economic
base
which
may
be
able
to
help
help
with
expenses
for
education.
And
what
we're
talking
about
here
is
a
reciprocal
sharing
of
knowledge.
Here
you
know
when
we
talked
about
the
university
and
the
history
books
and
everything
that's
taught
there
having
to
do
with
climate
change
having
to
do
with
the
environment.
I
Well,
you
know
the
the
the
universities
in
general
can
learn
from
native
americans
themselves.
As
of
those
practices
which
have
been
around
thousands
of
years,
you
know,
and
it's
not
going
to
come
from
older
people
like
myself,
telling
you
from
the
outside
in
it
has
to
come
from
the
students
themselves,
who
attend
the
university
that
can
interact
with
the
teachers
that
can
share
with
fellow
students,
about
those
concepts
and
about
those
different
practices
that
have
been
taught
for
generations
and
handed
down
for
generations.
I
So
in
this
reciprocal
sharing
of
knowledge,
you
know
it's
a
win-win
situation
for
the
universities.
It's
a
win-win
situation
for
the
tribes
as
we
try
to
help
each
other
to
make
the
state
of
an
event
and
make
you
know
the
the
country
a
better
place
in
times
like
this,
especially
with
pandemics
and
everything
that
we're
facing
today.
So
I
think
it's
a
good
thing
that
we
work
together
and
you
know
we're
we're
making
things
right.
Maybe
the
past
hasn't
been
so
good.
I
The
native
americans
in
general,
but
I
think
we
have
opportunity
in
the
state
of
nevada-
has
an
opportunity
in
our
legislatures
have
the
opportunity
to
make
things
right
for
the
betterment
of
all
americans,
native
americans
and
general
societies.
So
I
just
want
to
thank
you
for
giving
me
the
opportunity
to
speak
here
today
and
hopefully
I'm
in
support
of
the
bill,
and
so
is
my
tribe
and
probably
the
rest
of
the
tribes
in
the
state
of
nevada.
So
thank
you
very
much.
A
Thank
you,
president
melendez.
It
really
is
an
honor
to
have
you
speak
to
our
committee.
I
believe
you
had
someone
else
on
the
line.
R
If
I
could,
I
actually
have
two
others
and
thank
you
again.
Chair
melinda
is
truly
honored
to
have
you
here
today.
I
have
two
others
who
will
be
joining
me.
One
is
former
assembly
member,
shea
bacchus,
a
citizen
of
the
cherokee
nation
and
the
other
is
a
unlv
student
ryan
book
of
the
walker
river
paiute
tribe,
I'm
so
sorry,
a
teacher
in
me
changed
it
to
book.
I
met
ryan
boone
of
the
walker
river
paiute.
A
S
Chair
billbray,
axelrod
and
members
of
the
education
committee,
for
the
record
I
am
shay
back,
is
in
addition
to
being
a
third
generation
nevada.
I
am
also
a
citizen
of
turkey
nation
and
spent
numerous
summers
on
my
grandparents
ranch
in
oklahoma.
S
Today
it
is
my
pleasure
to
introduce
ab262
with
assemblywoman
anderson,
fair
melendez
and
cal
boone.
I
want
to
first
take
a
moment
to
thank
the
sponsor
of
the
bill,
along
with
her
attaches
molly
rose
and
nathan,
for
their
support
and
patience
in
working
with
numerous
native
individuals
to
prepare
the
best
tuition
and
fee
waiver
to
make
it
possible
for
native
americans
to
access
access,
post-secondary
education
by
removing
financial
barriers.
Thank
you,
assemblywoman
anderson
for
the
comprehensive
and
inclusive
amendment
changing
the
current
language.
S
S
We
were
fortunate
for
the
financial
assistance
that
we
received.
I
want
to
debunk
the
myth
that
being
enrolled
in
a
tribe
automatically
yields
a
free
education.
It
does
not.
While
I
had
some
tuition
assistance,
I
still
graduated
in
2003
with
over
seventy
thousand
dollars
in
student
debt.
However,
it
could,
it
could
have
been
worse
with
the
assistance
I
had.
It
has
enabled
me
to
take
pay
cuts
during
my
career
to
permit
public
service,
since
this
bill
is
premised
upon
tribal
enrollment
and
descendancy.
S
S
S
The
tribal
council
has
the
power
to
promulgate
ordinances
covering
future
membership
over
the
years
tribes.
Do
make
changes
to
enrollment,
for
example,
las
vegas,
indian
colony
in
1999
and
forced
a
quarter
southern
blood,
southern
paiute
blood
quantum
requirement,
thus
excluding
northern
paiute
blood.
So,
despite
the
fact
that
their
ancestors
were
listed
on
the
1940s
census,
rolls
individuals
were
no
longer
permitted
to
be
enrolled
in
the
tribe.
This
yielded
a
removal
of
a
quarter
of
the
tribe's
membership.
S
S
S
As
you
will
hear
numerous
times
today,
the
number
one
barrier
on
native
americans
using
higher
education
is
financial
from
the
1970s
through
1960
1996.
As
you
had
heard,
from
assemblywoman
matthey
anderson,
our
state
offered
native
american
students
varying
financial
assistance
from
tuition
waivers
to
grants.
It
is
unfortunate
that
this
stopped.
This
could
explain
why
our
native
post-secondary
education,
student
population,
which
is
already
small,
is
declining
being
in
the
smallest
minority
group.
Indian
students
are
at
high
risk
for
marginalization.
S
Thus,
dropout
rates
are
often
the
highest
an
issue
that
has
been
before
this
legislature
is
how
can
nevada,
recruit
and
incentivize
professionals
who
work
in
our
rural
nevada?
Most
of
our
tribes
are
in
rural
nevada.
What
better
way
to
serve
our
rural
community
by
incentivizing
nevada
native
americans
to
secure
the
education
of
teachers
or
health
care
professionals
plus
those
who
stay
in
nevada
for
their
post-secondary
education
are
likely
to
stay
in
nevada.
S
It's
a
moral
obligation
and
also
critical
for
the
success
and
retention
in
our
rural
community.
This
policy
can
be
life
changing
for
native
americans
and
our
tribal
bands
and
colonies
with
that.
I
would
ask
this
committee
to
support
the
tuition
and
waiver
set
forth
in
the
proposed
amendment
by
assembly,
woman,
nathan,
anderson.
A
Thank
you
former
assemblyman
bacchus
and
mr
boone.
Did
you
have
some
testimony?
We?
We
are
going
a
little
bit
long
here
so,
but
please
go
ahead.
K
And
keep
it
short
good
afternoon,
chair
bilbray,
axelrod
and
committee
members
for
the
record,
my
name
is
ryan
boone
and
I
also
go
by
cal.
I'm
a
citizen
of
the
waka
river
paiute
tribe
today,
I'll
be
speaking
about
the
importance
of
assembly
bill
262
with
assembly,
women,
anderson,
chairman
melendez
and
former
assemblywoman
bacchus.
I
want
to
thank
assemblywoman
anderson
for
sponsoring
this
bill,
as
it
will
build
the
foundation
for
native
prosperity
and
create
a
generational
impact
for
indigenous
students
in
the
state
of
nevada.
K
I
am
the
former
president
of
the
unlv
native
american
student
association
and
one
of
the
co-founders
of
the
nevada
native
higher
education
council
at
unlv.
I
am
a
student
majoring
in
computational
physics
prior
to
entering
higher
education.
I
was
a
student
in
the
clark
county
school
district.
I
went
to
a-tech.
I
started
getting
involved
with
the
native
community
while
still
in
high
school.
I
quickly
saw
how
difficult
it
was
to
find
representation
of
my
culture
through
the
city.
K
K
Although
the
conversation
surrounding
ab262
pertains
to
higher
education,
I
believe
it's
necessary
and
proper
to
highlight
the
importance
that
k-12
education
has
on
recruitment
retention
and
the
graduation
of
all
native
students.
Ab262
will
create
the
opportunity
for
our
communities
and
cultures
to
embrace
the
greatest
college
preparation
process
in
nevada,
state
history.
This
bill
improves
access
to
education
and,
at
the
same
time,
levels
the
playing
field
for
our
communities
who've,
always
struggled
financially.
K
The
nevada,
indian
tuition
waiver
would
garner
interest
from
prospective
indigenous
students,
teetering
between
a
nevada
college
and
other
out-of-state
institutions.
This
tuition
waiver
would
sustain
our
educational
future
for
generations
to
come.
It's
imperative
that
we
bring
back
what
has
been
learned
to
our
respective
tribal
communities,
both
urban
and
rural.
It's
my
duty
and
responsibility
to
report
to
this
body
that
there's
no
mysterious
overarching
financial
support
or
outreach
for
native
students.
It's
simply
struggling
communities
and
struggling
families,
pulling
their
limited
resources
and
incurring
tons
of
student
debt
on
top
of
already
detrimental
circumstances.
K
Ab262
is
our
ground
zero.
We
only
build
up
from
here.
The
native
student
support
services
on
unlv
campus
is
a
very
new
concept.
Until
this
inception,
the
only
native
american
scholarship
was
led
by
the
american
indian
alliance
at
the
university,
which
rendered
little
engagement
or
support,
and
I've
been
fortunate
that
fafsa
and
the
millennium
scholarship
have
been
able
to
cover
a
large
portion
of
my
tuition.
But,
as
each
semester
comes
by,
I
am
having
to
pay
more
and
more
tuition
myself.
K
An
indian
tuition
waiver
will
eliminate
a
trend,
tremendous
amount
of
stress
and
provide
magnificent
opportunity,
a
light
at
the
end
of
the
tunnel
in
our
communities.
We
face
a
lot
of
mental
health
concerns,
high
suicide
rates
and
mountains
of
intergenerational
trauma,
and
today
we're
asking
for
your
help.
I
have
several
indigenous
friends
who
are
also
students
and
they
have
considered
dropping
out
because
of
the
stress
of
lingering
debt
paired
with
unjustifiable
lack
of
support.
My
sister,
who
is
also
walker,
river
paiute,
dropped
out
of
unlv
because
her
emotional
health
got
really
bad.
K
She
wanted
to
become
a
veterinarian
and
transfer
from
unlv
to
unr
for
courses
with
such
a
transition.
She
would
have
had
to
figure
out
all
the
costs
of
living
alone,
but
it
was
too
much
so.
What
I
hope
for
and
long
to
see
is
myself
and
my
native
peers
graduating
and
going
back
to
our
communities
to
support
and
uplift
one
of.
K
T
K
K
We
are
a
collective
people
and
seek
out
those
who
understand
our
background,
our
trauma
and
where
we
come
from,
when
we
don't
see
that
at
our
academic
institutions,
there
is
a
pull
to
go
back
home
to
our
communities
by
improving
access
to
higher
education
in
nevada.
This
allows
the
chance
for
more
natives
to
enroll
and
be
in
a
safe
and
accepting
space
with
each
other.
My
cultural
identity
is
a
huge
part
of
who
I
am,
and
I
can't
see
myself
having
continued
on
this
path.
K
To
my
degree,
without
the
support
of
friends
and
family,
my
culture
is
a
huge
part
of
nevada.
I
want
a
better
future
for
native
students
current
and
prospective,
and
I
hope
that
you
do
as
well.
Ab262
has
the
power
to
change
the
lives
of
indigenous
people.
Now,
more
than
ever,
we
need
your
support
on
the
nevada,
indian
tuition
waiver.
Thank
you.
A
Thank
you,
mr
boone.
I
know
we
are
going
to
now
move
on
to
testimony
and
support
opposition
and
neutral.
I
know
there
are.
R
A
Okay,
as
I
was
saying,
we'll
now
open
the
testimony
in
support.
I
know
we
have
a
lot
of
support.
There
are
27
pages
of
compiled
letters
and
public
support
for
this
bill
on
nellis,
plus
seven
more
letters
of
support
from
other
groups.
So
if
you
are
on
the
line
to
call,
we
are
gonna,
we're
gonna
have
to
limit
our
our
testimony
to
30
minutes
total.
We
did
have
a
long
bill
presentation.
So
I'm
sorry.
A
This
is
just
the
end
of
the
the
time
where
you
know
we
have
these
long
committees
so
and
we
do
have
a
presentation.
We
go
back
to
floor
tonight,
so
I
will
open
the
testimony
or
the
phone
lines.
But
if
someone
says
what
you
want
to
say-
and
you
just
want
to
say
ditto,
I
really
would
encourage
that
today.
So
but
let's
go
ahead.
Bps
first
caller
in
support
of
ab262.
L
F
Good
afternoon
killed
chair
bill,
ray
bilbray,
axelrod
and
members
of
the
education
committee.
For
the
record,
my
name
is
marissa
weaselboy.
F
W
m-a-r-I-s-s-a-w-e
a
s
e
l
b,
o
y,
I
would
like
to
speak
on
why
I
support
a
b
262
zandaba.
Numerous
uiza
boy
may
not
have
nana
wanna
yamba
night
begin.
I
come
from
the
strong
western
shoshone
nation.
I
am
a
first
generation
student
that
has
graduated
with
my
bachelor's
degree
and
am
currently
a
master's
student
in
linguistic
anthropology,
studying
at
unr
and
we'll
move
on
to
my
phd.
This
fall
my
research
re-centers
our
shoshone
ways
of
being
and
is
a
critical
engagement
with
resistance
in
an
effort
to
upset
an
overturned,
settler
colonial
authority.
F
I
am
not
simply
an
anthropologist.
I
am
an
indigenous
anthropologist
who
is
redefining
how
anthropology
can
work
for
indigenous
peoples.
This
is
why
a
tuition
waiver
is
so
critical,
so
other
native
students
can
do
similar
work
that
works
to
undo
damage
inflicted
on
our
tribal
communities
by
academics
and
the
institutions
of
power
that
back
them.
Unfortunately,
I
have
had
to
take
out
student
loans
because
college
has
been
made
inaccessible,
especially
for
students
like
me.
That's
why
I'm
working
towards
creating
space
for
native
students,
but
that
hasn't
come
free.
F
I
also
struggled
to
be
seen
as
a
legitimate
person
in
march
of
2019,
we
were
informed
of
ancestral
remains
still
being
held
by
the
university
as
a
living
shoshone
person.
This
knowledge
was
incredibly
dehumanizing
to
hear
and
know
that
our
bodies
are
still
being
held
and
seen
as
property.
This
is
why
native
students
need
to
attend
college.
My
goal
is
to
make
an
easier
path
for
native
students,
and
this
includes
lessening
stress
about
attending
college.
F
Higher
education
needs
to
be
accessible
in
an
effort
to
encourage
the
education
of
those
who
have
been
historically
excluded
from
academic
institutions.
We
need
to
make
the
path
for
higher
education
realistic
and
not
further
burden.
Those
we
wish
to
succeed.
Thank
you,
assemblywoman
anderson
for
sponsoring
this
bill.
L
F
Good
afternoon,
chair
and
members
of
the
committee
for
the
record,
my
name
is
christine
saunders,
that's
c-h-r-I-s-t-I-n-e
s-a-u-n-d-e-r-s
and
I'm
a
public
director
with
the
progressive
leadership
alliance
of
nevada
here
in
support
of
assembly,
deals
262
to
ensure
access
to
higher
education
for
native
youth
in
nevada.
We
have
submitted
additional
written
comments
for
the
record,
and
so
I
will
just
urge
your
passage
of
this
bill
today.
E
L
O
Hello,
my
name
is:
will
adler
and
I'm
representing
the
pyramid
lake
paiute
tribe.
Today,
I
would
like
to
read
into
the
record
the
chairwoman's
letter
that
she
smitten
writing.
Today,
honored
members
of
the
assembly
committee
on
education
pyramid
lake
paiute
tribe,
would
like
to
speak
on
behalf
of
ab262
and
the
policies
it
seeks
to
enact
native
americans
in
nevada
have
long
sought
an
equal
place
at
the
table
when
it
comes
to
inclusion
in
higher
education
programs.
O
O
Thank
you
for
your
consideration,
janet
davis
chairwoman
of
the
pyramid,
lake
paiute
tribe,
and
I
would
like
to
ditto
almost
every
other
comment
said
previously,
and
I
appreciate
all
the
great
work
put
into
this
bill
and
the
ethos
of
what
this
bill
wants
to
do:
educating
the
native
people
of
nevada.
Thank
you
very
much.
L
C
B-R-E-N-D-A-P-E-A-R-S-O-N,
I
am
with
the
clark
county
education
association.
Ccea
is
in
full
support
of
ab262,
as
amended.
Cca
believes
that
we
must
put
our
educators
and
our
students
first.
One
step
in
doing
so
is
ensuring
that
sb
543
is
funded
to
the
optimal
level.
This
bill
will
help
indigenous
students
pursue
college
at
our
own
institutions.
C
Now
I
would
like
to
read
testimony
provided
from
one
of
our
educators.
Thank
you
for
hearing
my
testimony
on
ab262.
My
name
is
carolyn
lara
and
I
am
a
stem
robotics
teacher
in
clark
county
school
district
at
the
spring
valley
high
school.
I
am
also
a
native
yakai
and
papago.
I
am
writing
to
you
in
strong
support
of
ab262.
C
As
a
high
school
teacher,
I
get
to
experience
the
joy
of
seniors
getting
accepted
into
my
alma
mater
unlv.
Of
course,
I
am
proud
to
see
my
students
to
be
able
to
go
to
college
of
their
choice,
especially
here
in
nevada.
I
believe
that
students
must
see
educational
opportunities
here
in
nevada
so
that
their
talents
can
be
used
in
the
community
in
which
they
have
grown
up.
Nevadans
know
that
what
nevadans
need.
C
Unfortunately,
I
have
also
bore
witness
to
some
of
the
lows
and
disappointments
of
students
as
they
realize
their
tuition
costs
are
more
than
they
can
afford
nationally.
The
largest
hurdle
for
many
of
our
students
in
attending
college
is
their
tuition
costs.
This
barrier
disproportionately
affects
our
native
american
population.
C
It
is
imperative
that
we
remove
the
obstacle
from
the
pathways
to
higher
education
for
indigenous
communities
here
in
nevada.
By
doing
so,
we
will
make
it
more
equitable
playing
field
as
well
as
entice
our
young
people
to
stay
home
and
build
our
communities
stronger.
Our
native
communities
have
long
been
disenfranchised
from
their
own
land.
It
is
time
that
we
become
serious
about
reducing
systemic
racism
within
our
state
and
expand
residency
to
our
indigenous
communities
here
in
nevada
regarding
tuition
rates
and
fees,
please
support
and
move
ab262.
N
T-A-Y-L-O-R-P-A-T-T-E-R-S-O-N,
I'm
a
member
of
the
bishop,
paiute
tribe
and
also
the
executive
director
of
native
voters
alliance
nevada.
We
submitted
our
comments
online.
I
just
want
to
say
thank
you
to
the
assemblywoman.
It
was
excellent
to
meet
with
you
and
thank
you
to
thank
you
for
bringing
this
bill
forward.
L
F
Hello
and
I
hope
for
the
opportunity
to
speak
an
opportunity
of
ab252.
I
respect
each
person
here
in
this
meeting,
whether
approving
or
opposing,
and
thank
you
all
for
your
time.
For
the
record.
My
name
is
alexia
johnson
a-l-e-x-I-a
johnson
j-o-h-n-s-o-n,
a
member
of
renault
reynoldspark's,
indian
colony
rsic,
with
washoe
empire
blood
policy.
Member
of
our
tribal
head
start
on
the
reservation,
and
my
family
has
a
long
history
invested
in
the
well-being
and
continuation
of
rsic.
F
You
have
heard
how
low
rates
of
higher
education
completion
within
our
communities
is.
You
have
heard
that
supporting
ab262
would
change
lives
for
persons
in
our
tribes,
but
what
you
have
not
seen
is
what
it
looks
like
to
be
a
child
on
the
reservation
without
opportunity
to
a
higher
education.
I
invite
the
education
community
to
step
up.
F
Sorry,
my
phone
dropped.
I
invite
the
education
committee
to
step
out
of
your
own
shoes
and
imagine
with
me
to
see
a
small
visual
of
my
life
and
experiences
being
a
child
with
the
sole
dream
of
going
to
college.
I
have
lived
on
the
reservation.
My
entire
life,
being
the
first
generation
not
eligible
for
enrollment,
as
you
heard
being
part
of
a
federally
recognized
child
is
not
enough
to
achieve
education.
Growing
up
my
family
would
ask
me
what
my
dream
was.
F
What
I
wanted
to
be
when
I
grew
up,
I
told
them
one
to
two
goals:
to
become
a
mother
and
to
go
to
college.
I
have
been
conscious
of
wanting
to
continue
my
education
since
I
was
10
or
so
years
old.
I
am
the
mother
of
two
beautiful
girls
and
unfortunately,
I
have
had
to
pause
my
dream
of
higher
education
due
to
the
cost
of
tuition
school
supplies,
everything
I
have
exhausted
every
single
resource
scholarship
and
grant
that
I
can
find.
F
I
have
tried
to
gain
access
to
other
financial
resources
so
that
I
could
free
myself
financially
to
try
to
pay
for
school
and
it
has
not
been
able
to
happen.
I
would
sit
on
the
bus
and
I
would
watch
kids
who
had
no
confidence
in
their
education
because
there
were
not
enough
people
who
look
like
them
to
encourage
them
to
stay
in
school.
F
F
E
Okay
greetings:
my
name
is
avery
wyatt,
a-v-o-r-y
w-y-a-t-t
and
I'm
washing
umu
and
a
recent
graduate
of
the
university
of
nevada
reno,
and
I'm
here
to
support
the
ab262
as
a
native
person
from
what
is
now
called
nevada.
I
first
just
want
to
recognize
that
the
nevada
legislature
sits
on
the
ancestral
lands
of
the
washu
and
other
tribes,
whose
traditional
homelands
live
within
the
confines
of
nevada
are
the
numu
and
nuwu
and,
as
representatives
of
the
state,
you
all
have
the
obligation
to
the
native
peoples
of
this
region
with
ab262.
E
E
It's
unacceptable
that
our
indigenous
students
continue
to
suffer,
and
while
there
are
many
steps,
the
state
needs
to
take
to
better
honor.
The
original
peoples
of
these
lands.
Ab262
would
finally
be
a
major
step
in
the
right
direction
when
it
comes
to
native
education,
and
before
I
end,
I
just
want
to
point
out
that
if
you
read
ab262-
and
the
first
thing
you
think
about
is
money
or
funding.
A
Thank
you,
mr
wyatt.
I'm
going
to
take
a
couple
more
calls
in
support.
We
are
at
3
30
and
we
do
have
afternoon
committees,
so
we
will
be
losing
several
members.
A
In
fact
I
might,
after
where
I
close
this
committee,
we
might
have
to
do
the
bill
introductions
and
then
move
to
to
assemblyman
flores's
bill.
I
apologize,
but
I
will
take
two
more
callers
in
sport
and
then
we
are
going
to
have
to
move
on
next
caller
in
sport.
L
N
L
E
Hello,
my
name
is
donna
darden
d-o-n-n-a-d-a-r-d-e-n
and
I
am
a
resident
of
beautiful
north
las
vegas
in
clark
county.
I
am
a
diversity
activist.
I
want
to
take
this
opportunity
to
thank
our
madam
chair
bill,
bree,
axelot,
x
rod
and
our
vice
chair,
brittany
miller,
for
giving
me
this
opportunity
to
voice
my
opinion
on
ab262.
E
I
support
this
bill
to
give
our
indigenous
communities
nevada
citizens
the
right
to
education
tuition-free
immediately
following
graduation.
It
is
imperative
that
we
address
the
absence
of
our
indigenous
youth
in
our
colleges
and
universities,
with
28
percent
of
our
indigenous
communities
living
below
the
poverty
line.
Nevada
must
stand
in
the
gap
financially.
Ensuring
every
indigenous
child
has
the
opportunity
to
highly
to
higher
education
and
the
pursuit
of
obtaining
their
human
right
to
health,
wealth
and
happiness.
E
People
who
continue
to
be
denied
the
respect
to
which
they
are
entitled,
as
human
beings
will
not
acquience
forever
in
such
denial.
These
words
from
first
lady
eleanor
roosevelt
when
addressing
the
members
of
the
united
nations
in
1948
on
the
universal
declaration
of
human
rights.
I
am
truly
excited
about
the
possibilities
of
my
home
nevada,
leading
the
way
to
support
and
produce
an
equal
playing
field
for
generations
to
come
in
the
words
of
martin
luther
king
from
the
book.
Where
do
we
go
from
here?
E
Chaos
or
community,
proper
or
power
properly
understood
is
the
ability
to
achieve
purpose.
It
is
the
strength
required
to
bring
about
social,
political
or
economic
changes,
let
his
words
be
supported
by
needed
legislative
change.
I
fully
support
this
bill
and
I
thank
assemblywoman
anderson
for
giving
this
opportunity
to
have
it
discussed.
Thank
you.
A
L
A
Okay,
I
will
close
the
testimony
in
opposition
and
move
on
to
testimony
in
neutral
of
ab262.
L
N
My
name
is
mercedes:
kraus,
m-e-r-c-e-d-e-s
k-r-a-u-s-e,
I'm
sitting
here
with
my
daughter
proudly
listening
to
this
hearing.
I
want
to
thank
assemblywoman
nathan,
anderson
and
everyone
on
this
board
for
listening
and
thank
you
so
much
and
ditto
to
all
of
the
eloquent
testimony
that
we've
heard
regarding
this
bill
from
students
and
tribal
members.
N
I
myself
was
born
and
raised
in
las
vegas,
nevada
and
amanda.
Will
citizen
of
the
yogua
lakota
nation,
I'm
a
mother
of
three
students
in
the
nc
system
and
I'm
a
college
graduate
with
crippling
student
debt,
as
I
said
ditto
to
all
of
the
things
that
we've
heard,
but
I
do
want
to
add
that
simply
stated,
we
see
the
inequitable
data
and
now
it's
up
to
those
voting
to
choose
to
do
the
right
thing
and
remember
where
our
land-grant
institutions
got
the
land
that
they
are
sitting
on.
N
So
I
I
thank
you
dearly
for
this
consideration.
That's
my
testimony.
A
L
A
Thank
you
very
much
and
assemblyman
anderson
did
you
have
any
closing
remarks?
Thank
you.
R
Thank
you
to
the
committee,
thank
you
to
everybody
that
called
in
thank
you
to
mr
to
pepper
storm
for
all
the
information
he
gave
me
and
finally,
thank
you
to
the
13
other
assembly
members
and
one
of
our
state
senators.
Actually,
who
has
contacted
me
since
yesterday
to
say
that
they
wanted
to
add
their
names
onto
this
bill
as
well,
so
if
anybody
else
wants
to
add
their
name
on,
let
me
know
thank
you
for
your
patience
as
well
to
this
wonderful
committee.
I
greatly
appreciate
all
the
time
and
energy
you're
spending
on
it.
A
A
We
have
six
bill
draft
requests
that
require
committee
introduction
and
I'll
introduce
them
today.
If
I
don't
have
anybody
who
opposes
this
I'd
like
to
read
all
six
of
them
and
then
we'll
take
one
motion,
could
I
just
get
a
show
of
of
hands
if
anyone
objects
to
that?
So
if
you
object
to
that,
raise
your
hand.
Okay,
I
do
not
see
any
objections,
so
I'm
gonna
go
ahead
and
do
this
I'm
going
to
channel
my
inner
susan
furlong
right
now.
A
I
just
want
to
let
members
know
voting
in
favor
of
introducing
a
bdr
does
not
commit
you
to
a
bill.
It
simply
allows
this
piece
of
legislation
to
become
a
bill
to
be
referred
to.
The
committee
for
possible
hearings.
First
bill
is
bdr34526.
It's
from
the
interim
legislative
committee
on
education
and
enacts
provisions
relating
to
education.
A
A
C
Assembly
woman,
when
second.
A
Loris
has
made
the
motion
and
assembly
one
win,
has
seconded
any
discussion
hey,
madam
secretary,
could
you
do
the
roll
call
vote.
D
N
A
Yes-
and
I
don't
know
if
I
was
the
only
one
who
missed
assemblymarzola,
were
you
a
yes
on
that?
I
did
say
yes,
okay,
I
just
missed
it.
So
great
emotion
passes
unanimously.
So
thank
you
and
we'll
get
those
down
to
the
floor
for
introductions
tonight.
I'm
now
going
to
open
the
hearing
on
ab213
assemblyman
flores.
Thank
you
for
your
patience
and
for
your
co-presenters
patients.
We
will
be
losing
a
number
of
members
in
about
17
minutes,
so
let's
take
it
from
there.
Thank
you.
D
Thank
you,
madam
chair.
Madam
vice
chair
and
esteemed
colleagues
of
the
education
committee,
I
am
assembly
manager
flores
for
the
record
proudly
representing
assembly
district
28
here
in
the
great
state
of
nevada.
D
I
you
know
I
want
to
present
to
somebody
bill
to
one
be
slightly
different,
because
I
know
we're
limited
on
time
and
so
rather
than
walking
you
through
the
conceptual
amendment.
However,
every
single
time
a
question
is
directed
at
us,
I
will
be
referring
to
the
conceptual
amendment
of
the
mock-up
that
you
have
as
an
exhibit.
D
I'm
not
going
to
walk
you
through
it.
I
will
just
speak
broadly
so
first,
I
just
want
to
very
quickly
explain
where
the
genesis
of
this
bill
comes
from
during
the
pandemic.
Like
many
of
you,
I
I
became
very
in
tune
to
the
disproportional
realities
that
nevadans
live
and
often
it's
by
zip
code
other
times
it's
just
by
unique
circumstances
where
individuals
have
zero
control.
D
Over
that
situation
and
coming
into
this
session,
I
put
a
burden
on
myself
different
than
other
times,
wherein
I
I
wanted
to
simplify
and
go
back
to
the
basics.
What
is
at
the
very
core
of
what
we
do
in
this
building?
D
What?
What
is
that?
What
is
the
purpose
of
us
serving
in
this
building
and
and
stubbling
across
those
disproportional
realities,
seeing
kids
that
some
kids
couldn't
have
access
to
to
school
because
they
didn't
have
decent
wi-fi?
Looking
at
some
individuals,
not
you
know,
unfortunately,
losing
amazing
humans
in
this
state
because
they
didn't
have
access
to
good
quality
health
care
and
going
on
I.
D
You
know
I
myself
would
not
have
the
privilege
and
honor
of
sitting
here
as
an
assembly
member
or
having
had
an
opportunity
to
law
school
or
lawyer
if
it
wasn't
for
the
access
that
was
given
to
me,
and
so
my
thank
you
to
to
all
the
nevadans
during
this
pandemic
who
have
stepped
up
is
by
ensuring
that
the
individuals
who
have
not
been
seen
who
we
consistently
say
thank
you
to
all
these
folk,
but
then
do
nothing
to
support
them
and
empower
them.
D
That's
where
this
bill
comes
in,
and
I
have
to
say
thank
you
to
president
sandoval
from
unr
and
michael
flores,
because
whether
they
knew
it
or
not,
in
a
conversation
we
had,
they
were
talking
about
access
to
our
native
students
and
so
you'll
see
an
amendment.
Excuse
me,
you'll
see
a
section
in
the
bill
that
talks
about
that
and
I'll
explain
it
in
a
second,
but
that
came
thanks
to
president
sandoval
and
michael
flores.
D
You'll
see
a
section
in
the
bill
that
talks
about
access
to
the
our
silver
state
opportunity,
grant
ssog
and
promise
scholarship.
That
happened
thanks
to
a
conversation
that
I
had
with
president
solis
from
western
nevada
college.
D
Again
axis
you'll
see
a
language
in
there
that
talks
about
removing
some
of
the
language
when
we
talk
about
millennium
scholarship
and
and
so
that
we
ensure
that
anybody
who
graduates
from
a
nevada
college
has
access
to
that,
and
that's
thanks
to
conversations
with
president
zaragoza
from
and
mariana
and
and
then.
Lastly,
I
I
want
to
say
thank
you
to
our
department
of
defense.
D
I
had
the
opportunity
to
to
have
somebody
reach
out
preemptively
kelly
may
douglas
from
the
department
of
defense
and
said,
look
there's
an
issue
with
some
of
our
our
military
families.
Can
you
address
that
issue
and
absolutely
and
again,
it's
axis
so
with
that.
I
want
to
hand
over
the
presentation.
We
have
three
folk
on
here
joining
me
today.
D
We
have
president
sandoval.
We
have
president
solis
and
we
have
a
student
from
nevada
city
college,
and
you
know
I
have
to
say
thank
you
to
president
patterson
and
mr
anthony
ruiz,
who
worked
on
identifying
the
student
from
nevada,
state
college
and
that's
elizabeth
vega.
So
I
could,
if
I
could
please
hand
over
the
presentation
first
to
our
president,
sandoval.
A
T
And
good
afternoon
chairwoman,
bilbray
axelrod
vice
chair
miller
and
members
of
the
assembly
committee
on
education
for
the
record,
my
name
is
brian
sandoval,
president
of
the
university
of
nevada
reno.
I
truly
appreciate
the
opportunity
to
speak
and
support
assembly
bill.
213.
T
I'd
also
like
to
make
special
mention
and
thanks
assemblyman
flores
for
bringing
this
bill
forward,
and
you
know
adopting
some
of
some
of
assemblyman
flores's
comments.
The
merits
of
this
bill
speak
to
opportunity
how
this
legislation
will
provide
future
nevada
students
a
better
chance
to
earn
a
college
degree
extending
eligibility
for
in-state
tuition
rates
for
students
who
really
need
it
is
a
powerful
strategy
to
move
more
students
onto
our
campuses.
T
T
There's
already
a
great
deal
of
evidence
to
show
that
ab213
is
the
right
thing
to
do.
According
to
the
nonpartisan
new
american
economy,
research
fund
studies
have
found
that
latino
non-citizens
living
in
states
with
in-state
tuition
policies
are
anywhere
from
31
to
54
percent,
more
likely
to
be
enrolled
in
higher
education
than
their
peers
in
other
states.
T
Research
also
shows
that
such
policies
reduce
high
school
dropout
rates
among
certain
immigrant
students
by
as
much
as
14
percent
I'd
like
to
personalize
this
a
little
bit
and
share
some
of
the
data
that
we
have
compiled
on
our
campus.
This
data
comes
from
jahahi
mazariego,
who
serves
as
the
social
services
coordinator
for
our
institution,
where
she
supports
all
students
in
coordinating
campus
and
community
resources.
T
T
So
let
me
tell
you
what
this
means
and
the
opportunity
we've
been
missing.
Prior
to
this
bill,
we
could
attract
all
1224
undocumented
students
in
nevada,
what
it
would
mean
so
much
to
our
campuses.
It
would
bring
new
revenue
and
obviously
bring
opportunities
to
those
students
that
they
didn't
have
before.
T
So
these
are
very
high.
Achieving
students
who
have
worked
from
day
one
to
increase
their
educational
opportunities
in
nevada.
These
are
students
who
persist,
succeed
and
achieve
once
they
enroll
at
our
university
during
the
pandemic.
For
example,
all
of
the
students
were
part
of
jahihi's
jihadis
caseload
on
our
campus
returned
and
did
not
drop
out,
even
as
they
faced
financial
instability
and
uncertainty.
T
I'm
very
appreciative
of
the
fact
that
this
bill
now
contains
this
important
language
for
our
students
from
our
tribes
chairwoman,
bilbray
axelrod
members
of
the
committee.
I
sincerely
thank
you
for
this
opportunity
to
share
my
testimony.
Ab213
has
needed
legislation
that
will
help
open
doors
to
higher
education
in
our
state
to
thousands
of
young
people
who
deserve
this
chance
assembly
bill
213
gives
them
the
chance
that
they
need.
So
with
that,
I
appreciate
your
time
and
attention.
Thank
you,
madam
chairwoman.
A
And
thank
you
again,
governor
sandoval,
for
your
testimony.
Assemblyman
flores
did
you
have
other
folks
that.
O
Welcome
chair,
bilbray
axelrod
vice
chair
miller,
vince,
elise,
president
at
western
for
the
record
I'll
segue,
and
dovetail
into
some
of
the
comments
that
my
colleague
president
sandoval
at
unr,
mentioned
that
this
bill
is
about
access
and
the
pillars
of
education,
particularly
for
community
colleges,
rest
on
access
and
the
success
of
students,
because
one
of
the
things
that
we
believe
in
firmly
is
that
we
can
provide
access.
But
if
we
don't
give
students
an
opportunity
to
succeed,
it
doesn't
translate
to
opportunities
for
these
students
in
the
future.
O
I
think
that
what
this
bill
does
in
its
many
forms
and
addressing
many
issues
that
the
students
have
is
provide
that
access
and
those
opportunities
to
be
successful
in
the
future.
You
know,
as
as
educators,
I
liken
it
to
the
medical
doctors.
Medical
doctors
take
a
hippocratic
oath
to
serve
all
individuals
that
come
to
them
for
health
and
wellness,
regardless
of
where
they're
at
or
what
conditions
they're
in.
O
We
have
a
similar
responsibility
as
educators
to
educate
and
serve
every
single
student
that
comes
to
our
doors
in
the
best
way
that
we
know
how
to
do
that.
This
bill
gives
us
additional
tools
to
help
students
that
don't
have
access
to
some
of
these
items
that
other
students
have.
One
of
the
things
that
I
find
most
important
about
this
bill.
O
Chairwoman
and
members
of
the
education
committee
is
that
access
to
the
grant
and
access
to
promise
programs
and
the
things
that
come
with
this
mean
that
these
students
will
be
able
to
take
full-time
course
loads,
and
we
all
know
that
full-time
course
loads
translates
to
more
success
for
our
students.
This
bill
helps
students
that
are
undocumented,
that
are
daca
that
are
a
native
american
or
indigenous
students.
It
helps
veterans.
It
helps
all
the
students
that
we
serve.
O
O
What
I
want
to
do-
and
I
support
this
bill,
because
what
this
will
do
is
give
us
the
tools
to
serve
these
students
and
give
them
the
same
opportunities
that
someone
gave
me
and
everybody
else
in
this
room
who
has
an
education
and
has
benefited
from
having
you
know
an
education.
So
with
that
said,
chair
bilbray,
axelrod
members
of
the
committee.
I
want
to
thank
you,
and
I
want
to
thank
assemblyman
flores
for
bringing
this
important
bill
for
consideration.
A
Thank
you,
president.
Did
you
have
other.
N
Hi
everybody,
my
name
is
lisa
vega,
santiago,
I'm
currently
a
senior
majoring
in
best
studies
over
at
nevada,
state
college
and
additionally,
I'm
the
executive
vice
president
for
the
united
states
and
alliance.
But
most
importantly,
I'm
a
dreamer.
So
I'm
one
of
the
soccer
students
that
is
in
college
right
now
and
you
know
I
being
in
high
school,
I
graduated
with
an
advanced
finance
diploma
and
I
knew
that
I
wanted
to
pursue
a
bachelor's
degree,
but
I
didn't
know
how
I
was
going
to
fund
that
education.
N
Looking
for
scholarships
that
I
could
apply
to
due
to
my
status
was
always
a
struggle
and
I've
heard
from
several
other
students
who
are
either
undocumented
daca
or
have
cps
that
finding
scholarships
is
just
an
uphill
battle,
whether
you
know
they
spend
so
much
time
trying
to
find
ways
to
fund
their
education.
I
talk
to
students
who
are
having
to
work
two
or
three
jobs.
You
know
just
to
make
ends
meet
and
then,
on
top
of
that
they
have
to
worry
about
their
college
tuition.
N
I
know
I
always
hear
a
comment
saying
at
my
college,
which
is
15
15
to
graduate
right.
15
credits
to
graduate,
but
most
of
our
undocumented
students,
can't
afford
to
take
more
than
two
or
three
classes
every
semester
which
makes
them
fall
behind
in
their
graduation
goals,
and
I
just
want
to
re
reiterate
what
we've
already
heard.
You
know
that
these
students
are
resilient,
they're,
putting
in
the
work
and
really
they're.
One
of
their
biggest
burdens
is
is
financial
aid.
N
These
are
students
who
want
to
become
teachers,
doctors,
nurses,
interpreters
whatever
it
could
be.
I
think
that
we
should
move
towards
creating
a
more
equitable
ground
and
continue
to
support
our
students.
D
And
madam
chair,
if
I
could
just
make
some
last
remarks
and
and
then
we
hand
it
over
for
whatever
question
normally
in
this
portion
of
the
presentation,
I
would
walk
you
through
line
by
line
of
the
bill,
as
I
think
that's
the
correct
way
to
present.
But
I
know
that
we're
incredibly
short
on
time,
and
I
don't
I-
I
don't
know
that
we
should
do
that.
I
will
say
that
at
the
end
of
the
day,
here's
here
are
the
provisions
of
this
bill.
D
If
you
are
a
citizen
of
a
tribe
colony
here
in
the
state
in
the
state
of
nevada,
you
qualify
for
in-state
tuition,
regardless
of
whether
you've
been
here
for
a
year
or
a
month,
regardless
of
whether
you
graduated
from
a
high
school
in
the
state
of
nevada
and
regardless
of
whether
or
not
you
live
within
the
geographical
boundaries
of
a
nevada,
tribal
land.
You
are
a
member,
a
citizen
of
a
tribe,
regardless
of
where
you
are
in
the
geography
of
nevada.
D
Regardless
of
anything,
you
are
entitled
to
in-state
tuition
and
if
you
graduate
from
a
high
school
in
the
state
of
nevada,
regardless
of
anything
you
are
entitled
to
to
our
millennium
silver
state
opportunity,
grant
and
promise
scholarship
to
our
students.
I
just
wanted
to
say
to
them.
I
see
you
and
this
committee
does
the
same.
D
D
You
are
entitled
to
in-state
tuition
if
your
parents
so
say
I'm
a
parent
and
I'm
a
member
of
the
military,
and
I
have
a
child-
that's
17
or
16
years
old
and
they're
about
to
enroll
to
a
university
one
of
our
ancient
institutions,
because
we're
using
the
word
enrolled
right
now,
there's
folk
who
were
admitted,
but
they
weren't
yet
enrolled.
And
then
I
got
them
stationed
to
california
or
some
other
location.
And
we
were.
There
was
a
gap
in
between
that
where
we
were
missing
and
not
capturing
some
of
those
students.
D
So
you
want
to
make
sure
that
those
students
are
captured,
so
we're
changing
the
word
enrolled
to
admit
it.
So
the
moment
you're
admitted
even
if
the
parent
and
that
scenario,
hypothetical
that
I
painted
has
to
on
orders,
leave
the
state
that
student
was
still
getting
state
tuition
and
with
that,
madam
chair,
we'll
open
up
for
questions.
A
I
don't
see
any
hands
up.
Everyone
probably
is
just
so
exhausted
at
this
point.
Okay,
so
we
will
move
on
to
testimony
so
we'll
take
the
first
caller
in.
A
L
L
Q
Q
We
support
ab213
the
policy
to
waive
out-of-state
tuition
and
give
scholarship
eligibility
for
native
americans
daca
students
and
veterans
families
with
nevada
connections,
but
without
official
residency
status.
It
is
just
the
right
thing
to
do
regarding
the
bill
because
it
can
be
confusing.
I
would
like
to
clarify
some
terms.
Student
fees
and
tuitions
are
often
used
interchangeably.
Q
That
tuition
has
a
more
specific
meeting
in
nevada.
Revised
statutes.
Tuition
in
nrs
is
only
the
extra
charge
for
out-of-state
non-resident
students.
Registration
fees
are
a
per
credit
charge
for
both
in-state
residents
and
out-of-state.
Non-Resident
students.
Tuition
for
non-residents
pays
the
additional
cost
for
providing
higher
education
services.
Beyond
the
registration
fees
for
in-state
students,
those
costs
are
supported
by
the
state
through
the
funding
formula
based
on
resident
weighted
student
credit
hours,
which
are
not
awarded
for
non-resident
out-of-state
students
taking
the
same
courses
for
ab213.
Q
Our
understanding
that
the
policy
intent
would
be
that
all
of
these
students
with
the
tuition
waiver,
the
out-of-state
tuition
waiver,
would
be
treated
treated
by
the
state,
the
same
as
courses
taken
by
other
nevada
residents.
Thank
you
very.
L
C
Vice
chair
miller
and
members
of
the
committee,
my
name
is
kelly,
may
douglas
k-e-l-l-I,
m-a-y
d-o-u
and
the
pacific
southwest
regional
liaison
in
the
defense
state
liaison
office
for
the
department
of
defense.
Our
mission
is
to
assist
states
in
addressing
and
improving
quality
of
life
issues
identified
as
important
to
the
military
community
and
providing
testimony
of
support
for
ab213.
C
As
amended
on
behalf
of
the
department
of
defense.
There
are
over
5
000
spouses
and
nearly
10
000
children
of
active
duty
service
members
in
the
state
of
nevada.
C
We
appreciate
assembly
member
flores
for
accepting
our
amendment
request
to
include
the
children
and
spouses
and
military
service
members
in
the
effort
to
increase
and
improve
access
to
college
for
all
nevada
students
and
ask
that
the
chair
and
committee
consider
its
inclusion
within
and
passage
of
ab213.
Thank
you.
L
E
F
Currently
we
don't
have
any
legislation
in
place
to
support
and
protect
and
document
student
students
prior
to
2019,
the
board
of
regents
had
adopted
the
practice
of
granting
in-state
tuition
to
undocumented
students
who
graduated
from
nevada
high
school
due
to
a
change
on
the
nevada
residency
forum.
Some
out,
some
of
our
undocumented
nevada,
high
school
graduates
have
been
charged
out-of-state
tuition
at
various
entry
institutions.
F
Ab213
would
formalize
and
documented
student
access
to
in-state
tuition
rather
than
having
to
pay
out-of-state
tuition,
which,
for
some
institutions
can
reach
the
amount
of
over
15
000
on
top
of
tuition
yearly.
Many
of
our
students
have
exclusionary
experiences,
while
navigating
their
undergraduate
and
graduate
careers
at
ng
institutions
and
ab213
would
formally
signal
that
undocumented
and
documented
students
can
attend
college
in
nevada.
F
In
addition,
ab213
would
allow
equitable
access
to
the
silver
state
opportunity,
grant
and
millennium
scholarship,
and
I
want
to
acknowledge
that
this
is
also
a
result
of
the
undocumented
students
that
are
always
advocating
for
equity
and
access
to
resources
and
the
nc
all
access
committee
that
tirelessly
works
to
create
change
for
undocumented
students.
Our
neighboring
state,
california,
has
a
dream
act.
That
is
the
golden
standard,
and
we
should
aim
to
achieve
this
and
to
include
access
to
state
aid
and
institutionalized
resources
for
undocumented
students.
Thank
you.
A
Thanks
for
the
call
any
other
callers
and
support.
L
F
Good
afternoon,
for
the
record,
my
name
is
erica
castro
e-r-I-k-a-c-a-s-t
organizing
director,
with
the
progressive
leadership
alliance
of
nevada
here
in
las
vegas.
I
want
to
echo
many
of
the
sentiments
expressed
before
me
and
share
how
critical
it
is
to
move
ab213
forward.
Av-213
would
have
been
a
lifeline
for
me
when
I
was
graduating
high
school
in
2007..
F
At
the
time
there
was
no
daca,
and
when
I
tried
to
enroll
at
csn
after
saving
all
my
healthy
health,
housing,
cleaning
and
babysitting
money,
I
was
told
I
was
not
able
to
enroll,
because
I
did
not
have
a
social
security
years
later.
I
learned
that
this
was
not
the
case,
but
it
pushed
me
away
from
pursuing
higher
education
and
finding
the
resources
to
pursue
my
career
ab213
would
send
a
strong
message
to
a
strong
message
of
support
to
all
undocumented
youth
graduating
from
nevada,
high
schools.
F
J-A-H-A-H-I-M-A-Z-A-R-I-E-G-O,
thank
you
for
the
opportunity
to
speak
in
support
of
mr
molly
bill
213.
As
president
sandoval
had
mentioned,
I
worked
to
support
all
students
at
unr,
including
students
who
undocumented.
I
wanted
to
give
you
all
a
personal
experience
of
how
I've
been
able
to
support
undocumented
daca
students
at
our
campus,
including
our
family.
This
past
semester,
I
helped
a
parent
who
was
hospitalized
for
a
month
due
to
clover
19
and
was
unable
to
work
due
to
the
unexpected
medical
cause
and
hospitalization.
F
F
During
that
hour-long
conversation
with
the
parent,
the
parents
struggle
to
catch
their
breath
because
of
their
health
condition
relating
to
12
18..
So
the
resiliency
of
the
parent
is
moving,
but
as
a
social
worker,
no
family
should
risk
their
physical
health
to
ensure
that
the
child
can
attend
college
in
nevada.
So
as
a
social
worker,
I
am
the
part
of
ab213.
F
A
Thank
you
for
the
call.
We
are
at
almost
10
minutes
of
support.
Testimony
I'm
going
to
take
about
four
more
calls.
I
know
there's
a
lot
of
people
in
the
queue
again.
It's
been
a
very
active
day.
So,
if
we
don't
get
to
you,
I
would
encourage
you
to
submit
your
testimony
in
writing,
but
next
caller,
please.
F
My
name
is
veronica
v-e-r-o-n-I-c-a,
last
name
c-a-l-l-e-s,
and
I
would
like
to
go
ahead
and
speak
up
on
behalf
of
other
students
and
alumni,
as
well
as
a
unlv
transfer.
Thank
you.
So
much
sorry
about
that.
Thank
you
so
much.
I
want
to
address
the
madam
chair
and
the
committee
to
speak
on
behalf
of
bill
ab213
to
let
them
know
to
pass
as
somebody
who
is
a
daca
recipient,
something
that
I've
known
well
known
is
that
scholarships
have
have
always
been
really
hard
when
it
comes
to
aid.
F
F
And
so
because
of
that,
I
take
on
multiple
jobs,
sometimes
two
or
three
to
not
only
be
able
to
make
my
ends
meet
as
well
as
to
put
myself
through
school,
which
that
being
said,
it
leads
to
me
being
able
to
only
register
for
one
or
two
classes
per
semester,
because,
as
we
know,
state
tuition,
even
though
you
make
it
and
stay,
it
is
still
relatively
higher
than
getting
any
financial
aid.
So
everything
has
to
come
from
my
own
hard
work,
and
so
I
do.
F
Be
able
to
just
make
it
one
step
easier
for
us
and
not
be
able
to
take
on
long
hours
when
we
long
hours,
such
as
12
hour
days,
13
hour
days,
where
we
come
home
in
that
little
bit
of
time.
We
used
to
study,
and
we
do
it
all
over
again,
and
that
is
our
life,
because
we're
in
pursuit
of
something
great
or
something
bigger
than
us,
something
that
we
are
striving
for.
N
Hi,
my
name
is
alexa
rangel,
a
l
e
x,
a
r,
a
n
g
e
l.
N
Thank
you
so
much
for
allowing
me
the
time
to
speak
today,
hello
committee
members,
like
I
said
my
name,
is
alexa
ringo
and
I
am
a
student
at
the
university
of
nevada,
reno
and
the
director
of
the
department
of
legislative
affairs
for
the
associated
students
at
the
university
of
nevada.
I
am
here
today
to
give
my
opinion
in
support
of
bill
ab213
and
to
ensure
that
the
student
to
ensure
that
student
voices
are
being
heard.
N
This
bill
will
be
beneficial
for
all
students
who
are
underrepresented,
especially
those
in
the
deferred
action
of
childhood
arrivals
program,
who
will
be
eligible
to
receive
the
millennium
scholarship
and
purpose
the
opportunity
grant
program
if
this
bill
passes.
It
is
not
okay
that
doctor
recipients
are
excluded
from
these
large
scholarship
opportunities
that
help
so
many
others
across
the
state
in
their
aim
to
receive
higher
education
in
order
to
move
into
a
more
unified
and
inclusive
nevada.
N
This
will
help
many
of
those
individuals
obtain
a
scholarship
that
will
help
one
open
doors
in
their
future
by
removing
the
requirement
of
having
a
fafsa
to
be
eligible
for
these
scholarships,
you
can
ensure
that
other
students
who
are
left
out
of
the
current
eligibility
requirements
are
able
to
receive
this
aid.
It
is
for
all
these
reasons
and
more
that
I
urge
you
to
pass
ab213.
A
Thank
you.
I
think
we
are
going
to
have
just
time
for
about
one
more
call
and
support
we're
at
14
minutes.
Right
now,
and
I
know
we
still
have
a
lot
of
people
in
the
queue
for
other
things
as
well,
that
they
don't
have
their
hand
up
so
we'll
take
the
next
caller
and
then
we
will
move
on
to
opposition.
L
F
The
other
thing
that
just
hasn't
been
mentioned
is
that
education,
attainment
and
health
outcomes
are
inextricably
linked,
and
so,
as
such,
I
am
confident
that
the
return
on
investment
for
this
bill
is
going
to
be
extremely
great
for
nevada,
socially,
economically
and
also
in
terms
of
health
outcomes
for
nevada
residents.
So
thank
you
so
much
for
bringing
this
forward
and
thank
you
for
giving
me
the
opportunity
to
speak
in
support
of
this
bill.
A
L
L
Q
Q
The
independent
american
party
each
year
holds
a
state
convention
where
we
pass
our
platform,
which
is
voted
on
by
our
members.
Our
platform
states
protect
our
borders.
A
nation
without
borders,
as
reagan
said,
is
no
nation
at
all.
Stop
the
flow
of
illegal
aliens
and
terrorists
across
our
undefended
borders
and
oppose
all
tax-funded
benefits
to
illegal
aliens.
Only
citizens
may
vote
english
shall
be
the
official
language
promote
barrett,
merit-based
legal
immigration.
There
are
many
reasons
that
america
is
special.
Q
One
reason
is
that
america
has
in
the
past,
provided
opportunities
for
american
citizens
that
are
unparalleled
in
the
world.
This
is
because
we
have
a
foundation
of
individual
liberty,
but
also
of
individual
responsibility.
There
is
no
freedom
or
prosperity
without
responsibility.
What
are
those
responsibilities?
Q
Q
Ab213
rewards
individuals
of
whom
they
or
their
parents
have
violated
our
laws
by
coming
into
our
country
illegally,
by
giving
them
the
same
kind
of
special
consideration
as
those
who
have
abided
by
the
law
and
our
legal
citizens.
I
have
16
grandchildren,
only
two
of
whom
are
currently
old
enough
to
start
college.
There
are
u.s
citizens
born
in
nevada,
their
opportunities
for
scholarships
and
grants,
as
well
as
the
opportunity
for
all
legal
citizens
will
be
diminished
and
diluted
by
ab213.
Q
We
should
not
reward
those
who
do
not
abide
by
our
laws,
oppose
ab213
and
focus
on
our
own
children
who
are
suffering
in
this
broken
economy.
Their
parents
may
have
lost
their
jobs
or
businesses
and
therefore
are
more
in
need
of
scholarships
and
grants
that
than
at
any
other
recent
time
oppose
ab213.
L
E
L-Y-N-N-C-H-A-P-M-A-N
we
are
opposed
to
ab-213,
but
not
for
native
americans
or
veterans
children.
Most
parents
are
worried
about
trying
to
give
their
children
a
college
education.
These
days
in
the
2018-19
school
year,
the
average
in-state
tuition
in
a
public
four-year
college
was
ten
thousand
two
hundred
and
thirty
dollars,
while
out
of
state
students
paid
twenty
six
thousand
two
hundred
and
ninety
dollars,
and
that's
according
to
the
college
board's
trend
in
higher
education.
E
This
makes
it
extremely
difficult
for
disadvantaged
students
and
military
veterans
to
struggle
to
afford
a
college
education
as
well
as
families
who
have
lost
their
jobs
recently.
Is
it
right
to
give
financial
assistance
and
scholarships
to
foreign
students
when
struggling
american
families
are
in
need
of
this
help?
Do
the
scholarships
and
grants
provided
contain
any
public
money
with
it,
with
44
or
so
million
student
borrowers,
owing
a
total
of
over
one
trillion
dollars
in
student
loan
debt?
E
How
can
we
justify
the
funding
aid
and
of
scholarships
for
people
who
have
not
followed
our
laws
and
are
here
illegally?
Our
colleges
and
universities
only
have
so
many
slots
available
for
american
students
and
legal
immigrants.
Do
you
propose
to
exclude
them
if
you
allow
people
here
illegally
to
receive
in-state
tuition
rates,
they
are
granted
benefits
not
provided
to
legal
residents
and
citizens
of
other
states
around
the
country.
Did
you
know
there
are
many
many
websites
online
that
offer
lots
of
scholarships
and
grant
money
only
to
people
that
are
here
illegally?
E
L
A
Thank
you,
bps
with
that
I
will
close
the
testimony
in
opposition
and
open
the
testimony
in
neutral.
Do
we
have
any
colors
in
neutral.
L
A
Very
much
people,
yes,
I
will
ask
assemblyman
flores
if
he
has
any
closing
remarks.
D
Madam
chair
somebody,
medical
first
for
the
record.
I
just
wanted
to
say
thank
you
to
you,
madam
chair,
and
to
everybody
who
called
in
to
give
their
testimony,
and
I
just
lastly
to
our
presidents
there's
nothing
more
power,
there's
nothing
more
powerful.
You
can
do
than
come
before
a
public
forum
and
let
all
students
know
that
you
see
them.
So
I'm
incredibly
appreciative
that
you
did
that
today.
That
was
very
powerful
and
with
that.
Thank
you,
madam
chair.
A
Thank
you,
and
with
that
I
will
close
the
hearing
on
ab213
and
go
to
our
final
agenda
item,
which
is
public
comment
before
we
go
to
this
agenda
item.
I'd
like
to
remind
those
present
that
the
period
for
public
comment
is
an
opportunity
to
discuss
general
matters
that
fall
within
the
purview
of
this
committee,
remember
to
clearly
state
and
spell
your
name
and
limit
your
comments
to
two
minutes
staff
and
bps.
Do
we
have
any
callers
wanting
to
speak
in
public
comment.
A
Thank
you
very
much.
We
will
close
that
agenda
item.
I
just
want
to
thank
members
as
well
as
members
of
the
public.
I
know
this
was
a
long
meeting
and
I
appreciate
your
attention.