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Description
This is the second meeting of the 2021-2022 Interim. Please see the agenda for details.
For agenda and additional meeting information: https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/Calendar/A/
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A
Morning,
everyone
I'd
like
to
call
this
meeting
of
our
second
joint
interim
standing
committee
on
natural
resources
for
the
2021-2022
interim
to
order
before
moving
forward.
I'd
like
to
take
a
moment
to
note
that
I
am
joining
this
meeting
from
the
ancestral
homeland
of
the
new
or
southern
paiute
people
our
members
represent,
and
our
state
occupies
the
unseated
homelands
of
the
nuwu,
the
nui
or
western
shoshone,
the
numu
or
northern
paiute,
and
the
washishu
or
washoe
peoples
currently
represented
by
27
sovereign
tribal
nations
located
holy
or
partially
within
nevada's
boundaries.
A
Members
as
we
move
forward,
please
be
sure
to
keep
your
video
on.
So
we
know
we
have
a
quorum
and
be
sure
to
mute
your
microphone
when
you're,
not
speaking
so
we
can
minimize
background
noise
and
last,
please
only
use
the
zoom
chat
feature
for
requesting
technical
assistance
from
our
bps
staff
with
those
housekeeping
announcements.
Mr
finishbeck,
will
you
please
call
the
roll.
D
A
Here,
thank
you.
All
members
are
present.
Thank
you
for
joining.
I
would
like
to
go
through
a
few
housekeeping
announcements.
We,
of
course
we
were
meeting
virtually
today.
A
A
And
I'd
like
to
provide
an
additional
reminder
to
everyone
that
our
committee
will
hold
a
work
session
towards
the
end
of
this
interim
to
consider
certain
recommendations.
A
All
interested
parties
are
encouraged
to
provide
recommendations
in
writing
by
completing
and
submitting
our
solicitation
of
recommendations
form
which
is
posted
to
the
committee's
web.
Page
committee
staff
must
receive
recommendations
no
later
than
friday
june
24th
2022
with
that
we're
going
to
start
with
our
first
public
comments
section
for
today.
A
For
those
calling
in
please
remember
to
clearly
state
and
spell
your
name
limit
your
comments
to
three
minutes
staff
in
our
bps.
Will
you
please
add
our
first
caller
with
public
comment
to
the
meeting.
A
With
that
we'll
move
into
the
rest
of
our
agenda.
For
today,
members,
we
have
a
few
items
we'll
provide
an
update
on
the
appointments
to
the
subcommittee
on
public
lands
and
we're
going
to
have
some
presentations
from
state
agencies,
but
first
we
need
to
approve
the
minutes
from
our
january
21st
meeting.
You
all
should
have
the
minutes
and
have
had
time
to
review
them.
Are
there
any
questions,
concerns
or
revisions
from
members
of
the
committee.
A
All
right
hearing
none.
First
of
all,
I
would
just
like
to
thank
our
staff
and
note
that
in
previous
interims
we
had
pretty
condensed
minutes,
and
these
are
comprehensive
verbatim
minutes
from
our
entire
meeting,
similar
to
our
in-session
committee
meetings.
And
there
are
many
many
pages
of
them,
and
I
thought
they
were
very
well
done.
A
A
A
A
A
We
are
still
working
with
inter-tribal
council
to
solidify
our
tribal
appointment
to
that
subcommittee.
However,
I
am
updating
providing
an
update
on
the
announcements
that
were
made
at
our
last
interim.
We're
going
to
make
some
changes.
Assemblyman
carlton
will
now
serve
as
the
chair
of
the
subcommittee
and
assemblywoman
hanson
will
be
serving
in
my
place
on
the
subcommittee
once
we
have
an
update
on
the
tribal
member
and
we
get
that
appointment
made
we'll
provide
that,
hopefully
at
our
next
meeting
in
march.
A
So
with
that
welcome
dr
averitt,
you
can
go
ahead
and
introduce
yourself
for
the
record
and
proceed
whenever
you're
ready.
E
E
So,
just
like
the
rest
of
the
us
and
the
rest
of
the
world,
nevada
is
experiencing
climate
change.
On
average,
temperatures
in
our
state
have
increased
by
a
little
over
two
degrees
fahrenheit.
Now,
while
this
may
not
seem
like
a
large
change,
these
few
degrees
are
driving
an
increase
in
more
extreme
weather.
As
temperatures
increase,
heat
waves
are
growing
longer
and
more
frequent
right.
Now
we
are
in
a
20-year
long
drought.
That
is
the
worst
that
we
have
excuse
me.
E
It's
the
worst
that
we
have
seen
in
this
part
of
the
country
in
the
last
1
200
years,
wildfires
are
increasing
in
size
and
increasing
nighttime
temperatures
mean
that
fires
are
actually
being
fought
around
the
clock.
They
don't
lie
down
at
night
like
they
used
to
on
the
flip
side.
Storms
are
also
increasing
in
strength
and
the
frequency
and
intensity
of
flood
events
are
projected
to
increase
extreme
weather
and
climate
events.
E
According
to
the
latest
u.s
national
climate
assessment,
climate
change
is
projected
to
impose
substantial
damages
on
the
us
economy
here
in
nevada,
the
governor's
office
of
economic
development
in
their
publication.
A
new
economic
agenda
for
nevada
identifies
climate
change
as
one
of
the
most
significant
threats
that's
facing
our
state's
economy.
E
Take,
for
example,
this
graphic.
This
shows
the
major
weather
and
climate
disasters
that
hit
the
us
in
the
year,
2021,
each
of
which
cost
our
economy
over
one
billion
dollars
from
hurricanes
in
the
gulf
to
severe
storms
in
the
midwest
to
the
wildfires
and
droughts
that
are
plaguing
our
neck
of
the
woods.
These
events
all
have
the
fingerprints
of
climate
change
all
over
them.
E
Temperatures
are
continuing
to
increase.
It
shouldn't
be
a
surprise
to
see
that
the
number
of
billion
dollar
climate
disasters
has
also
been
increasing
through
time.
This
graph
shows
the
number
of
billion
dollar
disasters
between
1980
on
the
left
side
of
your
screen
and
2021
to
the
right.
Each
color
of
the
stacked
bars
represents
a
specific
type
of
climatic
event,
for
example
the
green
bars
they
represent
the
number
of
severe
storm
events
and
the
red
line,
which,
hopefully
you
can
see
that
overlays
this
entire
bar
chart.
E
E
E
According
to
the
last
u.s
national
climate
assessment,
climate
change
has
caused
our
economy,
1.1
trillion,
and
a
report
released
just
last
week
by
deloitte
indicates
the
us
economy
could
lose
14.5
trillion
over
the
next
50
years
if
we
fail
to
rapidly
decarbonize
now,
while
these
numbers
are
from
different
sources
using
different
assumptions
normalized
to
different
dollar
years,
I
think
this
paints.
The
picture.
Failure
to
act
on
climate
will
continue
to
cost
our
economy.
E
One
way
that
we
can
more
specifically
examine
the
cost
of
inaction
on
climate
is
using
something
called
the
social
cost
of
carbon.
The
social
cost
of
carbon
is
essentially
an
estimate
in
dollars
of
the
value
of
future
damage
that
would
be
caused
by
one
metric
ton
of
carbon
dioxide
emissions
or
on
the
flip
side.
E
Indeed,
we
have
a
lot
to
lose
if
we
don't
meet
our
emission
reduction
targets,
but
if
we
do
take
action,
we
have
much
to
gain.
The
deloitte
report
that
I
alluded
to
earlier
also
indicates
that
the
u.s
economy
could
gain
3
trillion
and
add
1
million
jobs
if
we
are
able
to
rapidly
decarbonize
and
here
in
nevada,
we're
particularly
poised
to
leverage
the
opportunities
in
a
clean
energy
and
climate-friendly
economy
that
will
support
job
creation
and
economic
diversification,
we're
the
number
one
state
for
solar
potential
prior
to
the
pandemic.
E
We
realized
a
46
increase
in
clean
energy,
job
growth
just
between
the
years
2016
and
2019,
and
we
are
rebounding
quickly.
We
also
have
cradle
to
grave
opportunities
in
battle
tech
battery
technology
and
we're
at
the
forefront
of
water
conservation
practices
and
technologies,
not
just
in
the
us
but
globally,
particularly
in
southern
nevada.
E
Now
much
of
what
I've
covered
here.
Very
briefly
is
also
covered
in
more
detail
in
the
state
climate
strategy
and
I'd
point
you
to
three
sections
of
the
strategy.
The
first
is
titled
climate
change
in
nevada.
This
was
drafted
by
the
top
climate
scientists
from
unr,
unlv
and
dri,
and
this
part
of
the
report.
It
really
provides
perspective
on
the
risks
that
climate
change
pose
to
different
parts
of
our
state.
E
The
second
part
of
the
strategy-
I
direct
you
to
direct
you
to
is
the
section
on
the
economics
of
climate
action,
and
this
describes
more
detail
about
the
social
cost
of
carbon
and
finally,
the
last
section
is
economic
recovery
and
vitalization,
which
has
specific
recommendations
related
to
how
we
can
bolster
nevada's
role
in
the
new
and
excuse
me
in
the
new
climate
economy.
A
Wonderful
thank
you
for
that
that
excellent
overview,
dr
abrett.
So
members,
I
think
what
we're
going
to
do
we're
going
to
have
questions
after
each
presentation
and
then
I'm
going
to
ask
each
presenter
for
this
topic
that
I
introduced
to
stay
till
the
end
in
case.
Something
else
gets
kind
of
generated
after
people
have
seen
all
of
the
presentations.
So
with
that
we'll
open
it
up
to
questions
from
members
for
dr
abram.
F
Thank
you,
mr
chair,
you
know
I
go
back.
I
attended
the
seminar
with
dr
professor
robin
torres
from
unr
years
ago,
and
his
statement
that
always
stuck
with
me
was
the
fact
that
there
was
cactus
at
the
canadian
border
before
and
there
will
be
again
so
yeah.
I
know
we're
we're.
Looking
at
a
a
very
small
window,
yeah
we
talked
1200
years,
but
in
the
whole
the
whole
realm
you
know.
Are
we
going
to
be
able
to
turn
this
back.
E
E
Just
today,
a
new
report
came
out
from
the
intergovernmental
panel
on
climate,
climate
change,
which
is
the
authority
on
climate
science
globally,
and
they
actually
outlined
some
of
what
may
not
be
reversible,
essentially
in
the
next
couple
thousand
years
in
terms
of
what's
happening.
I
actually
the
question
about
the
kind
of
the
idea
of
what's
happening
today
and
how
unprecedented
is
it
or
isn't
it
in
the
scheme
of
things,
because
the
climate
has
always
changed,
and
I
hear
that
loud
and
clear.
This
was
actually
what
I
did
for
my
phd
research.
E
C
Good
morning
and
thank
you
for
being
here
to
present,
I
have
a
few
questions.
You
we,
if
the
presentation
went
into
extensive
concerns
about
the
weather
crisis
that
we
suffered
in
the
united
states
as
a
whole
and
how
climate
affects
that
also
the
economic
injury
that
we
take
from
that.
So
I
brought
this
up
at
our
last
interim
hearing.
C
I
sometimes
get
chided
that
I
want
to
talk
about
the
bigger
picture,
certainly
in
nevada.
We
care
about
our
water
and
clean
air
and
and
all
of
that,
but
I
think
your
presentation
really
makes
the
point
that
if
we
are
serious
about
taking
care
of
some
of
the
concerns
we
might
have
about
climate
and
projections,
then
nevada-
and
I
reference
the
let
me
let
me
double
check-
I'm
reference
scenes
just
so
you
know
what
I'm
looking
at,
I'm
referencing
the
nevada
ndep
report
that
came
out.
C
E
Thank
you
for
the
really
thoughtful
comment:
question
kristen
averitt
for
the
record
you're,
absolutely
right.
We
are
a
relatively
small
fraction
of
the
total
emissions
portfolio
across
the
entire
planet.
Absolutely,
but
I
will
say
it's
going
to
take
everybody
to
get
to
zero.
We
can't
be
the
only
ones
that
are
allowed
to
admit,
but
neither
can
china.
I
would
agree
with
you
there.
I
would
point
out,
however,
that
per
capita
emissions
per
person
is
vastly
higher
here
in
the
us
than
it
is
in
china.
E
You
know
it's
going
to
take
everybody
doing
everything
that
they
can
to
get
to
zero.
We
are
nevada,
is
committed
to
an
organization
called
the
u.s
climate
alliance.
It's
a
bipartisan
coalition
of
states
that
are
committed
to
achieving
the
greenhouse
gas
emissions
reduction
targets
that
are
part
of
the
paris
accords
which
are
an
international
and
which
is
an
international
agreement.
So
you
know
we're
doing
everything
that
we
can,
but
I
absolutely
hear
your
point
we're
just.
We
need
to
be
part
of
the
solution
as
well.
C
And
thank
you
for
that.
I
agree
that
we
need
to
do
all
that
we
can,
but
also
at
what
cost
does
that
come
to
industry
in
nevada.
I
think
we
are
on
board
to
make
changes
where
we
can.
I'm
not
I'm
completely
reasonable.
I
I
believe
in
in
some
sorts
of
regulations.
I
I.
C
I'm
here
to
question
how
far
that
pendulum
swings.
Now
we
want
good
partners,
because,
while
the
us
is
doing
their
part
and
nevadans
do
their
part,
it
doesn't
matter
how
much
we
do
if
china
can
continue
to
get
away
with
their
pollution
and
they
signed
on
to
the
the
kyoto
treaty
in
1998
and
they
were
held
to
a
standard
then
that
their
level
that
they
had
in
the
1990s,
which
put
like
692.
C
Million
metric
tons
of
carbon
needed
to
drop
by
five
percent-
I'm
sorry
it
was
in
the
700
range
and
they
needed
to
drop
it
by
five
percent,
which
would
have
put
them
at
about
692
when
they
got
on
to
the
kyoto
treaty
in
say,
1998.
That
was
the
projection
currently
they're
at
2870
million
metric
tons
of
carbon
emissions,
so
they
keep
growing.
C
Their
economy
keeps
growing,
they
sell
their
products
here
and
then
yet
nevadans
and
the
us
are
held
to
a
higher
standard
and
they
can
sit
and
ask
to
accelerate
that
standard
that
we're
not
sure
we
can
economically
support
by
2030
and-
and
so
this
is
the
problem
I'm
having
that.
I
understand
the
intent
is
good,
but
I'm
concerned
that
we
do
dire
consequences
of
economic
damage.
We're
already
paying
for
I
paid
479.
C
A
gallon
for
gas,
you
know
is
where,
where
does
it
end
that
we
make
all
these
dramatic
changes
and
affect
industry
and
our
fuel
supply
in
order
to
to
achieve
our
standard
by
2030?
But
china
just
keeps
putting
out
more
and
more
greenhouse
emissions.
E
Kristen
everett
for
the
record
yeah.
These
are
all
excellent
points.
You're,
absolutely
right
with
respect
to
you
know
chinese
emissions,
and
it
is
a
global
problem
and
everybody
has
different
assets
that
they
can
deploy
to
tackle
it.
I
would
just
point
out
again:
there
are
dollars
associated
with
not
moving
forward
on
climate
in
terms
of
taking
action
now
and
investments
up
front
and
what
the
long
term
payoff
might
be,
but
you're
absolutely
right
that
these
are
difficult
decisions
and
they're.
E
This
is
part
of
what
we
point
out
in
the
climate
strategy
in
our
section
on
complex
challenges
is
that
it
really
takes
everybody
getting
around
the
table
to
talk
about
these
issues.
What
are
those
economic
tradeoffs?
What
are
the
short-term
consequences?
What
are
the
long-term
consequences,
but
also
what
are
those
opportunities?
You
know?
That's
the
supply
chain
issue
around
battery
technology
and
that's
something
that
we
really
have
a
tremendous
opportunity
to
have
be
a
job
creator
here
in
the
state,
and
we
need
to
kind
of
get
some
of
the
folks.
E
That
really
truly
are
the
expert
economists
and
who,
hopefully,
will
be
speaking
later
today,
to
talk
some
of
that
through
and
help
us
to
navigate
these
these.
These
issues
that
you're
bringing
up.
A
Yeah,
thank
you.
So
I
see
the
vice
chair
has
his
hand
raised.
I
I
appreciate
some
of
that.
I
just
I
guess
I
just
also
want
to
remind
members
of
two
things.
A
So
one
of
the
things
is
that
we're
really
looking
at,
particularly
within
this
committee,
the
some
of
the
adaptation
pieces
on
how
we
adjust
to
some
of
the
impacts
that
we're
seeing
less
so
on
how
we
get
emissions
down,
and
I
think
that
dr
abrett's
note
about
the
social
cost
of
carbon
is
a
helpful
guidepost
to
try
and
figure
out
the
costs
of
some
of
these
things
that
we're
doing
either
to
reduce
emissions
or,
in
the
case
of
our
committee's
jurisdiction,
to
deal
with
the
impacts
that
we're
going
to
see
from
some
of
these
climate
changes
and
weigh
the
cost
of
those
versus
the
costs
of
of
inaction
and
kind
of
figuring.
A
That
out,
and
also
just
to
this,
the
point
of
collective
action
problems
they
they're
difficult,
but
it
does
take
folks
to
lead
by
example
and
and
work
together
in
some
of
these
tricky
issues.
I
mean
especially
as
we're
seeing
some
of
the
the
global
issues
going
on
right
now.
You
know
it
takes
collaborative
efforts
in
order
to
to
move
everybody
in
the
right
direction,
so
with
that
vice
chair
donate,
go
ahead.
G
So
much
chair,
watts
and
good
morning,
dr
averitt,
it's
always
refreshing
to
hear
your
expertise
in
this
subject.
You
know
I've
learned
a
lot
just
from
your
presentation
and
if
you
can.
G
Especially
with
their
economic
impacts,
we
always
do
it
from
the
lens
of
the
harm
that
can
be
done
to
businesses,
of
course,
of
having
to
make
these
hard
but
necessary
changes.
Can
you
talk
about
the
worker
lens
and
how
climate
change?
When
we
talk
about
the
the
social
impact
of
it,
how
climate
change
can
disproportionately
affect
workers
that
have
to
work
outside?
Can
you
talk
about
that?
I
would
be.
It
would
be
grateful
if
you
can.
E
Yeah,
thank
you.
Vice
chair,
donate
kristen
avert
for
the
record,
so
extreme
heat
and
exposure
of
folks
here
in
nevada
is
an
issue
both
reno
and
las
vegas
are
among
the
fastest
warming
cities
in
the
entire
united
states
in
terms
of
the
combination
of
climate
change
in
the
ribbon
heat
island,
and
we
do
very
much,
there
are
consequences
so
nationally
extreme
heat.
E
There
are
more
mortalities
associated
with
extreme
heat
than
any
other
natural
disaster
in
any
given
year,
and
so
this
is
something
that
we
are
paying
attention
to,
and
I
would
point
out
that
governor
sislak
announced
last
week
during
his
state
of
the
state
that
we
will
be
developing
a
statewide
heat
plan
for
exactly
precisely
that
reason.
I
in
terms
of
the
economic
impacts,
when,
if
you
look
at
the
national
climate
assessment
from
20
2018,
that's
the
last
u.s
based
national
climate
assessment
that
was
complete.
E
They
actually
outline
and
break
down
the
economic
costs
of
inaction
on
climate,
and
it
includes
the
breakdown
in
terms
of
lost
labor
hours
because
of
the
impacts
of
climate
change
and
very
specifically,
mortality
and
morbidity.
That's
that's
associated
with
extreme
heat
in
the
future,
as
heat
waves
get
longer
and
hotter,
so
those
kind
of
details
actually
are
included
in
a
lot
of
those
economic
impact
dollars.
B
Thank
you,
mr
chair.
You
know
there's
a
lot
of
us
that
that's
been
on
these
fires
actually
on
the
ground
in
the
change.
A
Great
thank
you
and
I'll
just
say
to
the
members
and
members
of
the
public.
We
are
having
a
few
technical
difficulties
this
morning,
but
that's
how
it
goes
sometimes
so
appreciate
everyone's
patience
with
that.
I
believe
we
had
a
question
from
assemblyman
ellison.
If
you
could
start
from
the
beginning,
sir,
I
appreciate
it.
Please
go
ahead.
B
Thank
you,
mr
chairman.
You
know
and
I
can
bring
this
up
under
another
subject-
that's
going
to
be
on
here,
but
you
know
we've.
We
spent
a
lot
of
time
on
fires,
areas
and
and
these
fires,
you
know
they
get
out
of
control
and
they
burn
for
a
long
time
and
we're
not
fighting
fires
like
we
used
to,
and
I
think
that's
part
of
the
problem
that
we're
we're
seeing
on
some
of
these
big
fires.
B
The
other
thing
I
watched
a
world
report
the
other
day
on
climate
change
and
the
world
scientists
denied
that
climate
change
is
not
what
the
experts
in
the
united
states
are
saying.
Can
you
maybe
respond
to
that,
because
that
was
a
great
interview
that
these
world
scientists
said
it's
most
of
it
is
is
exaggerated
for
money
and
maybe
not
I
don't
know.
E
Hi
kristin
averitt
for
the
record,
and
thank
you
for
the
comment,
I'm
not
familiar
with
the
various
with
the
specifics
of
what
you
may
have
seen,
but
what
I
will
say
is
that
the
consensus
from
the
intergovernmental
panel
on
climate
change,
which
is
these
are
hundreds,
if
not
thousands,
of
the
top
climate
scientists
from
around
the
world
is
that
the
climate
is
changing.
E
We
are
causing
it
it's
happening,
and
it's
impacting
us
now
and
we
can
do
something
about
it
in
terms
of
papers
and
peer-reviewed
publications,
and
you
know
all
that
kind
of
wonky
stuff
over
99
of
everything.
That's
out
there
in
the
literature
there
is
agreement
and
consensus
that
the
climate
is
changing.
E
A
Thank
you,
thank
you,
and
so
I
have
a
couple
of
quick
questions.
I
do
see
you
have
your
hand
raised
someone
hansen
so
and-
and
I
know
we
want
to
keep
this
moving
so
dr,
could
you
speak
just
really
quickly?
You
know,
I
think
this
has
kind
of
been
gotten
out
in
some
of
the
previous
questions.
Could
you
speak
to
particularly
at
the
state
level?
A
I
think
there's
a
lot
of
studies
that
are
done
in
models
and
they
produce
various
results
and
ranges,
and
then
you
know,
I
think
particularly
sometimes
in
the
media
they
highlight,
you
know
perhaps
the
most
the
worst
case
scenario
or
the
you
know
the
the
most
extreme
findings.
Can
you
discuss,
particularly
at
the
state
level,
when
looking
at
the
social
cost
of
carbon
or
or
some
of
these
other
things
in
terms
of
impacts?
A
You
know
your
approach
and
looking
at
these
things,
and
you
know,
do
you,
do
you
look
at
kind
of
the
the
middle?
Do
you
look
at
the
more
conservative
scenarios
and
kind
of
speak
to
that,
so
that
I
think
our
members
can
get
a
sense
of
when
we
see
some
of
these
things
that
they're
they
can
be
shocking
numbers?
And
so
you
know,
are
you
know?
Are
we
looking
at
the
most
shocking
or
are
we
looking
at
the
least
shocking
or
somewhere
in
the
middle.
E
Thank
you,
kristen
april,
for
the
record.
Thank
you
chairman
watts,
so
there
are
different
approaches
to
planning
in
terms
of
looking
at
risk.
E
So,
for
example,
water
utilities
they
tend
to
look
at
plan
for
the
worst
hope
for
the
best
is,
is
the
approach,
because,
if
you're
planning
for
just
the
median,
then
you
there's
going
to
be
real
problems.
If
that
worst
case
scenario
really
bears
out
so
for
the
most
part
you
have
a
lot
of
people,
particularly
with
water
planning
that
are
really
looking
at
that.
I
would
say
you
know
I
don't
like
youtube
race,
but
it
is
kind
of
that
worst
case
scenario
and
trying
to
game
around
that
particular
situation
and
so
planning
for
climate.
E
It's
a
little
different
than
kind
of
then
traditional
planning.
Where
you
might.
You
have
something
in
the
past
to
react
to
to
say
hey.
You
know
we
survived
that
drought.
That
was
you
know
15
20
years
ago,
we
got
through
it
doing
x,
but
future
drought
might
be
a
little
different,
so
we
need
to
plan
for
that
worst
case
scenario
moving
forward,
because
it
might
require
that
we
do
things
slightly
differently.
I
mean
we
just
heard
from
the
assemblyman
talking
about
wildfire
and
how
it
is
different
and
fighting
is
different.
E
Mitigating
it
is
different,
so
our
approaches
need
to
be
a
little
bit
different
about
how
we
how
we
deal
with
them
too.
There's
both
that
emergency
response
component,
but
there's
also
that
long
lead.
What
kind
of
planning
can
we
do
to
actually
mitigate
the
hazard?
Should
it
happen
and
in
terms
of
that
portfolio
of
issues
to
be
concerned
about,
of
course,
there's
always
the
water
issue.
That's
going
to
be
an
issue
as
the
driest
state
in
the
country
in
terms
of
the
precipitation
that
we
get.
E
We
do
we
heard
about
wildfire
already
and
several
folks
brought
that
up.
We
do
also,
on
the
other
side,
have
to
worry
about
storms.
The
water
cycle
is
intensifying,
our
dries
are
getting
drier,
our
wets
are
getting
wetter,
and
so
these
storms
are
bigger
and
badder,
but
so
are
the
droughts
and
so
will
be
the
flood
events.
So
we
can
expect
more
of
these
swings
between
extreme
droughts
to
a
flood
season
as
we're
moving
forward
and
we're
already
seeing
some
of
that
playing
out
in
the
state.
So
I
hope
that
gets
to
your
question.
E
A
I
appreciate
that,
and
well
also
just
note
for
the
members
that,
in
relation
to
some
of
the
things
brought
up
by
by
the
vice
chair,
we
will
have
an
additional
meeting
in
the
future,
looking
particularly
at
the
intersection
of
some
of
these
impacts
and
the
impacts
on
health
and
are
actually
working
on
a
joint
meeting
with
health
and
human
services
to
dive
into
those
issues
that
overlap
so
and
hopefully
we'd
love
to
get
an
update
on
that
heat
initiative
at
that
meeting,
which
I
think
will
we're
planning
for
june.
A
So
assimilating
hansen,
I'll,
let
you
have
a
quick
follow-up
and
I
think
we'll
move
on
to
our
next
presenter.
C
C
We
know
the
science
is
not
settled,
even
though
our
governor
has
said
it
is
the
science
is
not
settled,
or
at
least
the
solutions
aren't
settled.
So
I
think
there
are
going
to
be
lots
of
questions
and,
and
that's
how
you
get
to
the
best
solutions
is
when
we
can
have
open
and
honest
dialogue.
A
question
is
for
the
doctor:
do
we
consider
natural
gas
to
be
a
carbon
fuel.
E
Kristen
averitt
for
the
record.
Thank
you
for
the
question.
Yes,
it
is
when
you
burn
natural
gas
well,
first
of
all,
it's
methane,
which
is
a
very
potent
greenhouse
gas
and
when
you
burn
natural
gas
gas,
you
actually
release
carbon
dioxide.
Natural
gas
is
a
fossil
fuel.
C
So
so,
with
our
generating,
you
know
to
generate
electricity,
we
were
getting
away
from
cold
plants.
We
rely
on
natural
gas
for
generation
of
electricity
in
lieu
of
that.
So,
if
that's
giving
a
carbon
emission,
what
are
we
looking
to
generate
electricity
to
be
then?
Are
we
have
we
gotten
better
getting
away
from
coal
and
going
to
natural
gas,
and
then
is
there?
C
E
Thank
you
for
the
question.
Kristen
avery.
I
love
that
question
because
I've
been
asking
the
same
sort
of
thing
because
natural
get.
What
is
the
plan
for
natural
gas
because
natural
gas
was
always
presented
as
a
transition,
as
you
pointed
out
from
coal?
So
now?
What
does
the
transition
look
like
to
renewables
so
so
that
we
can
take
advantage
of
our
solar
potential
in
this
state
and
create
more
jobs?
So
what
is
the
plan?
I
I
agree
with
you
in
terms
of
the
impact
on
our
broader
greenhouse
gas
emissions
footprint.
E
E
However,
because
of
the
increasing
demand
for
power
and
for
and
really
just
the
prevalence
of
natural
gas,
the
total
emissions
are
now
they're,
actually
increasing
for
natural,
just
gas,
just
because
there's
so
much
of
it
out
there
in
terms
of
power
generation.
But
I
too
would
like
to
know
what
the
transition
looks
like,
because
we
are
as
a
state
committed
to
in
statute
net
zero
greenhouse
gas
emissions
by
2050.
So
there
there
has
to
be
a
plan.
A
Thank
you.
Thank
you
for
that
and
yeah.
I
think.
That's
something
that
we're
all
thinking
about,
particularly
over
on
on
growth
and
infrastructure,
is,
is
what
this
transition
looks
like
now,
we've
we're
close
to
phasing
out
coal
power
here
in
the
state.
As
we
know,
you
know
particularly
down
here
in
southern
nevada,
our
public
transit
has
transitioned.
You
know
from
diesel
towards
natural
gas
again
in
order
to
reduce
emissions.
A
We've
seen
some
heavier
duty
vehicles,
including
in
our
waste
management
fleet,
also,
do
that
and
now
there
are,
they
are
looking
at
zero
emission
technologies
like
electric
power
or
fuel
cells
in
order
to
to
move
the
those
emissions
down
even
further.
So
you
know,
I
think
methane
or
natural
gas
has
has
definitely
been
discussed
as
kind
of
a
bridge
fuel.
A
And
then
the
question
is
what's
on
the
other
side
of
the
bridge
and
how
long
does
the
bridge?
And,
of
course,
I
think
this
you
know
the
some
of
the
states
and
and
national
international
sciences
pointed
to
the
timeline
that
we're
working
on
and
so
look
forward
to
some
of
the
other
conversations
that
will
be
had
around
that
and
and
appreciate
the
clarification
on
that
so
with
that
members.
Thank
you
again,
dr
avert
for
your
presentation.
A
I
I
know
that
you
have
another
commitment,
but
would
ask
you
to
stick
around
for
a
little
bit
in
case.
Anything
comes
up
after
our
other
presenters
and
with
that
I'd
like
to
move
on
to
our
next
presenter,
which
is
our
state
treasurer
treasurer
conan
welcome
the
floor
is
yours.
I
I
All
right,
good
morning,
chair
and
committee
members
for
the
record,
I'm
treasurer
zac
conan-
it's
my
pleasure
to
be
here
this
morning
to
discuss
the
impacts
of
environmental
risks
on
the
state's
bond
rating
before
jumping
in.
I
want
to
provide
a
brief
refresher
on
state
debt,
because
of
course,
we
all
know
that
we
like
talking
about
bonds
on
a
monday.
So
why
do
state
governments
occur?
Debt
debt
is
often
issued
to
finance
large
infrastructure
projects.
I
Long-Term
benefits
things
we
like
like
schools,
hospitals,
highways,
bridges,
water
sewer
systems,
universities,
these
capital
projects,
require
relatively
large
expenditures
concentrated
amount
of
time
to
ensure
planning,
design
and
construction
is
not
interrupted.
What
is
a
bond
now?
I've
answered
this
question
a
lot.
I
want
to
make
sure
I
get
to
answer
it
today.
I
A
bond
is
a
debt
instrument
issued
for
sale
by
the
government
to
help
pay
for
its
obligations.
It
serves
as
a
promise
to
repay
the
buyer
on
a
specific
date,
along
with
regular
interest
payments
along
the
way
and
a
little
bit
of
who's
who
a
couple
of
stakeholders
will
be
talking
about
as
work
through
this
process.
One
is
the
issuer.
That's
the
government
us
that
offers
bonds
up
for
sale.
Two
is
the
bond
bondholder.
That's
the
initial
purchaser
of
a
bond
from
the
issuer
or
a
subsequent
registered
owner
bond.
I
The
rating
agencies,
independent
agencies
that
assign
ratings
to
the
riskiness,
the
issuer's
commitment
and
ability
to
meet
its
obligations.
The
three
largest
are:
moody's
s,
p,
global
financial
and
fitch.
As
a
reminder,
the
state
currently
has
its
highest
credit
rating
in
history
of
the
state
which
we're
very
excited
about
one
that
we
were
able
to
maintain
and
preserve
during
the
pandemic.
I
There's
also
disclosure
council,
that's
retained
by
the
issuer,
to
assist
with
the
compliance
of
federal
securities
law
and
to
review
and
prepare
disclosure
documents
related
to
public
bond
issuance,
such
as
the
official
statement,
the
continuing
disclosure
agreement
and
notices
of
sale.
There
are
municipal
advisors
or
mas.
Those
are
retained
by
us,
the
issuer
to
provide
analytical
support
and
options
for
the
structuring
of
bond
terms,
coordinate
with
other
parties
to
the
issuance,
but
to
ensure
offering
documents
meet
regulatory
requirements.
There
are
underwriters,
they
act
as
the
intermediary
intermediary.
I
Excuse
me
between
the
issuer
and
ultimate
bondholders
by
buying
the
bonds
from
the
issuer
coordinating
the
resale
bonds
for
a
profit,
and
there
are
paying
agents.
Those
are
typically
banks
that
act
on
behalf
of
the
issuer
to
distribute
principal
and
interest
payments
to
the
registered
bondholders
of
the
bond.
I
As
noted
pursuant
to
nrs
226
spot
1110,
section
10,
the
state
treasurer
is
directly
responsible
for
the
issuance
of
any
debt
obligation
authorized
on
behalf
of
or
in
the
name
of
the
state,
except
for
issuances
by
the
colorado
river
commission,
university
of
nevada
system
and
the
department
of
business
industry
which
issues
various
types
of
debt
under
a
range
of
levels
of
autonomy,
one
of
the
ones
that
business
and
industry
issues,
of
course,
are
those
300
million
dollars
that
we're
committing
to
affordable
housing
over
the
next
year
through
our
private
activity.
I
I
I
In
a
municipal
bond
market,
credit
rating
agencies-based
rating
is
on
the
assessment
of
credit
worthiness
of
an
issuer
with
respect
to
a
specific
obligation.
Debt
management
is
an
important
factor
in
evaluating
issuers
and
assigning
credit
ratings
which
ultimately
determines
the
borrowing
cost
of
funds.
In
other
words,
when
our
credit
rating
is
better,
we
spend
less
money
paying
interest
on
our
debt,
which
means
we
can
borrow
more
funds,
which
means
we
can
make,
spend
less
taxpayer
money
to
build
the
things
that
we
need.
I
The
charlton
slide
shows
the
credit
rating
of
the
state's
debt
at
the
end
of
the
last
fiscal
year,
all
debts
were
related
were
rated.
Excuse
me,
investment
grade,
which
means
that
the
rating
agency
has
been
the
state
as
the
issuer,
who
have
a
low
risk
of
default,
always
happy
to
talk
about
credit
rating
spend
all
day.
But
let's
move
on
to
talk
about
what
we're
here
for
environmental
risks,
there
are
several
ratings.
Several
factors
excuse
me
that
rating
agencies
consider
an
assigned
credit
rating,
such
as
financial,
economic,
administrative
management
and
environmental
generally.
I
Rating
agencies
consider
environmental
risks
to
fall
under
one
of
the
following
categories.
Physical
risks
include
the
physical
threat
of
climate
change
on
the
environment,
such
as
those
from
hurricanes
and
flooding,
coastal
and
gulf
states
such
as
louisiana
and
florida
are
impacted
most
by
these
types
of
forestry.
Carbon
risks
refer
to
those
risks
that
are
brought
upon
by
economic
dependence
on
oil,
gas
and
coal.
Industry
capital
refers
to
the
products
and
assets
supplied
by
nature.
I
As
an
example,
the
rating
agency's
agency
moody's
notes,
the
state
of
hawaii
is
positively
impacted
by
this
category,
given
the
state's
tourism
sector's
focus
on
natural
environment.
Finally,
waste
and
pollution
risks
are
just
that
and
include
waste
management
considerations
and
the
impact
of
environmental
pollutants.
Some
rating
agencies
also
include
a
category
for
water
use,
while
others
include
water
considerations
under
the
natural
capital.
I
Nevada's
credit
score
currently
shows
neutral,
low
impact
for
climate
change
and
environmental
risk,
which
means
that
the
rating
agencies
have
determined
that
there
is
little
if
any,
impact
on
nevada's
credit
rating
from
the
risk
categories
of
outlined.
Above
I
would
note
this
could
change
in
the
future,
given
the
rise
of
wildfire
fires
and
drought
across
western
u.s,
and
that
has
been
a
conversation
when
we
talk
to
raiding
agencies,
they
do
ask
about
wildfires
our
ability
to
fight
them.
What
the
plan
is
for
the
future.
I
The
government's
response
to
the
increasing
threat
of
climate
change
can
mitigate
not
only
the
physical
and
social
damage,
but
also
damage
to
the
state's
credit
rating
happy
to
take
any
questions.
Today,
many
of
the
information
shared
is
provided
to
my
office
by
the
rating
agencies.
Today,
the
committee
members,
like
additional
information,
we'd,
be
happy
to
provide
it.
We're
also
joined
today
by
jeff
landerfeld,
who
will
be
hanging
out
in
case
these
presentations
go
past
lebanon,
as
we've
got
a
few
other
things
they
need
to
handle.
A
Wonderful,
thank
you
for
that.
Treasurer
conan
always
appreciate
the
bond
refresher,
glad
that
your
office
has
provided
some
bond
101
education
to
me
and
other
members,
so
that
we're
not
lost
in
during
the
refresher
course
so
I'll
open
it
up
with
questions.
I
guess
first
I'd
like
to
kick
it
off
with
something
and
yeah.
A
A
Could
you
provide
just
a
little
bit
additional
update
in
terms
of
how
the
incorporation
of
environmental
risk
seems
to
be
evolving,
and
could
you
also
just
speak
a
little
bit
to
both
the
how
both
the
risk
itself
and
the
action
of
the
issue
were
to
mitigate
that
can
get
factored
into?
You
know:
potential
ratings
decisions.
I
Absolutely,
and
thanks
for
the
question
chair
so
we're
starting
to
see
raiders
rating
agencies
across
the
board
speak
to
the
importance
of
environmental,
social
and
governmental
controls.
Now,
that's
always
been
the
case
to
some
extent,
because
they've
always
looked
at
the
administrative
capacities
of
the
government,
whether
or
not
we
were
willing
to
pay
the
debts
when
they
were
owed.
Whether
or
not
we
do
things
like
putting
money
into
the
rainy
day
right
so
that
governance
piece
has
always
been
a
big
piece
of
the
work
we
do.
I
The
expansion
recently
has
been
to
look
at
both
social
policies
and
environmental
policies
of
the
state
to
determine
whether
or
not
we're
going
to
be
better
prepared
for
that
in
the
future.
Additionally,
there
is
a
market
demand
for
bonds
that
are
focused
on
environmental
or
social
outcomes.
Right
you
see
some
states
starting
to
issue
social
bonds
right
pay
for
things
like
affordable
housing.
I
Stay
in
nevada
is
looking
at
doing
that
during
our
next
round
of
issuance
or
bonds
and
sometimes
called
green
bonds
right,
which
is
the
idea
that
a
bond
is
being
issued
in
order
to
help
fight
climate
change
and
the
negative
impacts
of
it
on
society.
I
Those
some
of
those
are
are
real.
Some
of
those
are
more
greenwashed
write
a
bond
that
doesn't
actually
do
anything
but
sort
of
sounds
better,
of
course,
in
the
state
of
ottawa.
We
would
only
be
interested
in
the
former
right,
something
that
actually
had
some
impact
there
are
to
get
to
the
second
part
of
your
question
rating
agencies.
I
Don't
just
look
at
what
the
current
status
is
climate,
but
what
the
state
is
doing
to
help
protect
against
future
negative
impacts
from
climb
right,
so
just
like,
with
the
rainy
day
fund
they're,
not
looking
necessarily
at
the
amount
of
money
in
the
rainy
day
fund,
but
they're.
Looking
that
the
state
has
a
plan
that
it
sticks
to
to
move
funds
into
the
rainy
day
fund
when
those
funds
are
available
right,
they
want
consistency
more
than
they're,
specifically
looking
for
a
type
of
outcome.
I
So
we'll
continue
to
work
with
the
rating
agencies
to
make
sure
that
nevada's
credit
rating
can
stay
high.
Deeply
important
saves
the
state
millions
of
dollars
in
debt
payments
saves
taxpayers
money
and
we
know
that
it
appears
the
industry.
All
the
major
major
rating
agencies
are
starting
to
demand
more
and
more
of
that
action
going
forward.
A
Thank
you
for
that,
and
so
just
to
put
a
final
point
on
it
before
I
open
it
up
to
others,
and
you
know,
I
think,
and
some
of
the
materials
that
have
provide
been
provided,
but
this
is
already
being
looked
at
for
the
state
by
by
moody's
and
other
raiders
as
well,
as,
I
think
at
least
clark
county.
I
believe
that
you
know
it's
likely
that
this
incorporation
is
going
to.
A
You
know
eventually
move
to
smaller
jurisdictions
and
will
essentially
be
incorporated
into
all
the
bond
ratings
at
some
point
in
the
future
and
that
you
know
for
us
to
kind
of
going
back
to
the
social
cost
of
carbon.
From
dr
averitt's
presentation.
You
know,
one
of
the
things
to
keep
in
mind
is
what
actions
that
we
are
taking
to
to
identify
and
address
some
of
the
environmental
risks
to
the
state,
and
so,
while
right
now
so
far,
the
the
rating,
the
relevant
ratings,
have
shown
low
to
no
impact.
A
Quite
a
bit
of
money,
as
we
look
at
financing
some
of
these
projects,
I
guess
to
make
that
a
question
is
my
understanding
of
that
correct.
I
Sure
that's
correct
and
I
think
it's
important
to
separate
the
fact
that,
right
now,
the
bond
ratings
do
not
reflect
a
danger
of
climate
change
versus
what
the
conversations
are,
which
is
the
future
will
involve
more
exploration
of
how
that
can
be
damaging
to
the
state,
long
term
right
and
so
they're.
Looking
at
it
now,
they're
not
worried.
J
A
A
All
right,
seeing
none,
it
looks
like
you're
going
to
get
off
the
hook
for
now.
Treasure
again,
thank
you
for
the
presentation
and
you
know
I
think
this
is
particularly
relevant
to
our
committee.
Again
as
we
look
at
some
of
the
the
adaptation
side
around
how
we're
incorporating
this
into
our
planning
conversations
and
policies
to
look
at
potential
risks
and
then
figure
out
what
actions
we're
going
to
take.
A
You
know
at
some
point
I
think
we're
going
to
be
having
communication
with
the
the
treasurer's
office
to
make
sure
that
those
processes
are
robust,
so
that
the
state
in
particular
can
demonstrate
that
we're
we're
looking
ahead
and
and
taking
action
to
address
these
measures
in
order
to
keep
our
bond
ratings
the
highest
they've
ever
been.
So
thank
you
for
that
treasure
and
with
that
we'll
move
on
to
our
next
presentation.
A
D
Good
morning,
mr
chair
and
members
of
the
committee,
thank
you
so
much.
My
name
is
jeanette
belts,
j
e,
a
n
e
t,
t
e
b
e
l
z
with
bells
in
case
government
affairs,
I'd
like
to
take
a
moment
to
introduce
karen
collins
assistant,
vice
president
of
personal
alliance
at
the
american
property
and
casualty
insurance
association,
who
will
offer
a
general
overview
of
recent
climate
trends
impacting
the
insurance
industry.
D
K
K
Yes,
thank
you.
My
name
is
karen
collins
and
I'm
the
assistant
vice
president
of
personal
lines,
with
the
american
property
casualty
insurance
association.
Our
organization
is
the
primary
trade
association
for
home,
auto
and
business
insurers
with
a
legacy
that
dates
back
150
years.
Our
member
companies
represent
all
sizes
and
structures
and
offer
insurance
products
across
the
u.s
and
around
the
globe
that
help
protect
families,
communities
and
businesses.
K
I
certainly
appreciate
the
opportunity
to
speak
before
this
committee.
These
are
the
the
key
areas
that
I'll
be
focusing
on
which
jeanette
just
highlighted.
K
K
In
fact,
in
the
last
two
years,
the
u.s
experienced
the
highest
two-year
insured
loss
total
ever
for
the
50
u.s
states
at
176
billion
dollars,
and
we're
expecting
these
trends
to
continue
to
help
paint
a
little
more
of
this
picture.
According
to
noaa,
the
yearly
average
for
billion
dollar
disasters
is
only
7.4
events
when
considering
40
years
of
data
and
adjusting
for
inflation.
However,
the
us
has
now
experienced
seven
consecutive
years
with
ten
or
more
of
these
billion
dollar
weather
and
climate
related
disasters
of
concern.
K
In
2020,
the
us
actually
experienced
22
individual
events
shattering
a
previous
record,
while
2021
also
resulted
in
20.
of
these
events,
we
have
seen
a
significant
volume
of
activity
and
losses
as
a
result
of
hurricanes
and
other
named
storms
along
our
southeastern
coasts.
In
2021,
in
particular,
hurricane
ida
became
the
costliest
global.
K
These
unprecedented
longer
hotter
and
drier
conditions
combined
with
significant
fuel
loads,
resulted
in
the
dixie
fire
becoming
the
largest
single
wildfire
in
california.
History
conditions
also
enabled,
for
the
first
time
ever
a
wildfire
to
burn
clear
across
the
sierra
nevada
mountains
from
one
side
to
the
other
first
through
the
dixie
fire,
only
to
be
repeated
a
month
later
after
the
caldera
fire,
which
briefly
threatened
south
lake
tahoe
and
other
communities
in
nevada.
K
Similarly,
in
colorado,
as
they
had
since
seen
substantial
rainfall
since
mid-summer
in
december,
a
hundred
mile
an
hour
wind
event,
bone-dry
grasslands
erupted
into
flames
and
quickly
engulfed
nearby
suburban
communities
on
the
outskirts
of
denver.
The
marshall
fire
destroyed
nearly
1100
homes
in
a
matter
of
hours,
quickly
becoming
the
costliest
and
most
destructive
wildfire
in
their
state
history
and
the
costliest
wildfire
outside
of
california.
K
Aside
from
these
growing
numbers
of
natural
disasters,
the
u.s
is
also
facing
the
sharpest
increase
in
inflation
over
40
years.
Unfortunately,
the
cost
to
reconstruct
a
home
or
business
have
risen
at
an
even
higher
pace
than
broader
inflation
as
supply
and
demand.
Imbalances
have
led
to
significant
material
and
labor
shortages,
pushing
up
costs,
in
particular
demand
for
new
housing
and
an
uptick
in
home
remodeling
projects
throughout
the
pandemic.
K
K
Ongoing
pandemic-related
shipping
and
supply
chain
disruptions
continue
to
prolong
these
challenges,
which
we
anticipate
may
force
insurers
to
pass
these
higher
costs
onto
consumers
through
higher
premiums.
Thus,
there's
a
substantial
amount
of
pressure
impacting
property
insurance
carriers
in
areas
where
insurers
are
not
able
to
collect
sufficient
premiums
for
the
increasing
exposure.
There
are
some
carriers
who
may
need
to
reduce
their
exposure
through
other
measures
such
as
writing
fewer
policies
in
high-risk
areas.
K
This
is
actually
a
trend
we
have
begun
to
see
in
several
disaster-prone
states,
as
some
carriers
have
announced
exits
in
some
markets,
given
the
rising
costs,
the
insurance
industry
strongly
promotes
mitigation
to
reduce
potential
loss.
The
national
institute
of
building
sciences
has
shown
that,
for
every
one
dollar
spent
on
natural
hazard
mitigation,
new
code
construction
can
save
11
in
disaster
and
recovery
costs.
K
K
One
thing
that
has
emerged
from
all
the
research
so
far,
which
is
unique
from
all
other
types
of
disasters,
is
that
mitigation
for
wildfire
must
be
done
at
the
individual
property
level,
as
well
as
the
community
level.
The
national
firewise
usa
program
has
done
an
excellent
job
in
building
community
awareness
of
risk
and
providing
steps
to
reduce
wildfire
risk,
and
there
are
a
number
of
recognized
firewise
communities
actually
in
nevada.
Currently.
K
Similarly,
following
a
decade
of
scientific
research,
the
insurance
institute
for
business
and
home
safety
has
published
a
series
of
roadmaps
that
include
best
practices
for
wildfire
mitigation
and
plans
to
roll
out
a
property
level.
Designation
called
wildfire
prepared
home.
This
will
initially
be
available
in
california,
then
expanded
to
the
additional
western
states.
K
K
So
to
recap,
there
is
a
substantial
amount
of
pressure
that
is
affecting
the
property
insurance
industry.
Currently,
increasing
threats
from
climate
change
and
drought
are
leading
to
more
frequent
and
severe
natural
disasters.
In
addition,
current
extreme
inflation
is
adding
further
pressure,
pushing
up
costs
which
is
likely
to
lead
to
higher
insurance
premiums.
K
However,
consumers
in
nevada
can
take
preventative
steps
to
mitigate
against
future
losses
and
to
ensure
they're
financially
prepared
should
that
disaster
unfortunately
occur
as
more
communities
are
hardened
to
be
more
resilient
to
disasters.
This
should
result
in
a
meaningful
decrease
in
losses
which
results
in
more
affordable
and
available
coverage
for
families
and
businesses.
A
H
Thank
you
chair.
I
have
maybe
less
of
a
question
and
more.
C
Of
just
a
statement
of
really
the
dire
nature
of
this
conversation,
not
everybody
has
the.
H
On
their
own-
and
I
just
want
us
as
leaders
in
our
communities
to
think
about
the
responsibility
of
the
local
government
and
of
ourselves
in
the
state
to
really
build
those
community-based
resiliencies,
so
that
not
every
homeowner
is
individually
burdened
with
an
effort.
That's
really
outside
of
their
expertise.
A
Thank
you,
assemblywoman
carlton
go
ahead.
D
Okay,
thank
you,
mr
chairman,
so
I
guess
my
question
goes
to
more
of
looking
prospectively
we're
going
to
have
sort
of
the
same
areas
within
the
same
disaster
zones
over
and
over
again.
We've
noticed
that
and
one
of
the
things
in
looking
at
the
flooding
in
the
past
is
there.
There
have
been
times
where
folks
have
rebuilt
and
that
same
area
has
flooded
again.
D
We
had
issues
here
in
in
las
vegas.
Until
the
retention
basins
were
done,
there
were
houses
that
were
in
flood
plains.
So
looking
prospectively
out
there,
where
is
the
industry
going?
As
far
as
you
know,
having
people
rebuild,
are
you
going
to
be
working
with
some
of
the
local
governments
to
have
conversations
about
areas
where,
instead
of
a
flood
plain
and
having
extra
flood
insurance,
are
we
going
to
be
looking
at
fire
areas
and
designating
those
areas
is
having
to
carry
extra
insurance?
K
We
have
seen
that
for
many
years
in
the
flood
insurance
space,
the
the
national
flood
insurance
program
is
actually
a
federal
government
program,
not
a
private
market
program
that
provides
flood
insurance
coverage,
but
they
are
increasingly
looking
into
whether
severe
repetitive
loss
properties
should
actually
be
relocated
instead
of
allowing
funds
to
to
reconstruct,
and
so
that
is
certainly
a
concern
for
both
the
insurance
industry,
as
well
as
the
federal
government
that
provides
the
flood
insurance
protections
within
the
wildfire
space.
K
There
is
a
lot
of
increasing
research
and
a
lot
of
engagement
with
the
insurance
industry
and
state
and
local
governments
to
understand
where
the
land
use
policies
really
come
into
play.
We're
seeing
a
lot
of
studies
emerging
that
are
highlighting
that
expansion
of
properties
into
these
high-risk
areas
or
continued
rebuilding
could
actually
be
exacerbating
some
of
the
impacts
of
climate
change
because
of
they're
right
there
in
harm's
way.
K
They're
in
the
bull's-eye
zone,
there
are
clearly
ways
that
you
can,
from
a
wildfire
perspective,
do
home
and
community
harvey
so
that
when
these
fires
do
come
through,
they're,
actually
maybe
able
to
be
resilient
and
withstand
those
those
wildfires,
that's
just
true
for
storms
as
well
in
hurricane
and
wind-prone
areas
for
for
flood
insurance.
Obviously,
there's
a
number
of
mitigation
techniques
that
can
be
done
to
harden
a
home
against
flooding
there.
D
And
thank
you
very
much
and
mr
chairman,
if
I
may
one
one
quick
follow-up,
so
the
hardening
issues
that
you
talked
about
and
all
the
different
strategies
that
homeowners
can
take
to
be
able
to
protect
their
residences.
K
The
science
for
wildfire
is
still
evolving
in
the
long
term.
Yes,
but
we're
we're
not
necessarily
there
yet.
I
kind
of
alluded
to
this,
where
there's
been
a
lot
of
research
over
the
years
decades
into
a
number
of
other
disaster:
perils
hurricanes,
for
example,
even
earthquakes,
which
were
obviously
exposed
to
here
in
in
the
western
states.
K
The
research
for
wildfire
is
so
unique
in
that
you
have
to
do
the
harding
at
not
just
the
home,
but
also
at
the
community
level,
because
if
you
take
all
of
these
efforts
to
harden
your
home,
but
your
next
door,
neighbor
has
not
taken
any
mitigation
and
that
home
becomes
exposed
and
catches
fire.
It
could
easily
then
overrun
essentially
all
of
the
mitigation
work
that
was
done
at
your
own
individual
property
and
so
with
the
research.
K
That's
ongoing
we're
trying
to
understand
that
dynamic
of
where
that
balance
is,
and
it's
not
just
a
do
one
thing
and
that'll
reduce
it.
It's
really
a
set
of
actions
that
need
to
be
taken
to
truly
reduce
that
risk,
and
so
yes,
insurers
want
to
base
their
their
their
premiums
according
to
the
risk,
and
certainly
actions
that
do
reduce
risk
are
typically
reflected
in
rating,
but
the
actuarial,
which
is
a
very
technical
term
for
the
scientific
numbers.
K
The
economics
of
what
that
translation
is
is
where
they're
still
trying
to
finalize
that
research
so
you're,
starting
to
maybe
see
some
carriers
that
are
beginning
to
voluntarily
roll
up,
maybe
some
reductions
of
premium
credits
in
some
states,
but
it's
slow
simply
because
the
research
isn't
fully
there
yet.
K
So,
as
more
of
that
research
is
completed,
you
will
definitely
probably
see
more
of
that,
and
certainly,
as
more
of
that
mitigation
is
done,
the
overall
losses
will
be
meaningfully
reduced
and
premiums
across
the
state
will
certainly
you
know,
experience
the
benefit
from
that
reduction
of
losses.
A
Thank
you
assemblywoman
for
those
questions,
members
additional
questions.
A
All
right,
seeing
none
at
the
moment,
first
of
all,
I'd
just
like
to
to
provide
a
brief
comment.
Miss
collins
and
thank
you
for
the
presentation.
A
One
thing:
I
I'm
really
glad
that
you
took
the
time
to
share
your
perspective
with
us.
I
think
it's
helpful
for
the
members
of
the
committee
and
the
public
to
know
that
this
is
not
just
an
issue,
that's
being
looked
at
from
the
the
public
or
governmental
side,
but
that
this
is
something
that
the
private
sector
is
is
looking
at
very
closely
as
well,
and
you
know
understanding
that,
particularly
in
in
this,
you
know
in
industry
that
that
is
regulated
and
has
oversight.
A
You
know
to
to
ensure
that
those
rates
are
are
kind
of
well
founded
that
this
is
something
that
is
is
becoming
an
increasing
factor.
You
know
and
the
need.
I
think
that
you
highlighted
very
well
the
need
for
both
individual
level
and
some
collective
action
in
state
and
local
governments
to
address
some
of
these
issues
so
one
I
just
wanted
to
say.
I
appreciate
you
providing
that
perspective
on
behalf
of
the
industry.
A
I
was
wondering
if
you
could
just
speak
in
a
you
know
again
we're
we're
also
going
to
have
some
some
additional
presentation
about
wildfires,
but
I
know
it's
something
that
is
particularly
of
interest
to
this
committee.
A
Could
you
just
speak
a
little
bit
more
about
some
of
the
issues
that
have
been
seen?
I
don't
know
if
there
they've
happened
as
much
here
in
nevada
per
se.
I
know
that
in
some
of
the
california
communities
that
are
in
extremely
wildfire
prone
areas
there.
I
think
you
alluded
to
this
briefly
in
the
presentation
there
have
been.
You
know
points
where
that
the
economics
have
become
so
bad,
that
some
of
these
coverages
are
either
unavailable
or
the
the
rates
are
simply
unaffordable
on
a
practical
level.
A
So
could
you
just
speak
to
that
a
little
bit?
I
think
it's
helpful
for
us
to
understand
that
in
some
of
these
cases,
without
taking
action,
you
know
some
of
the
dramatic
kind
of
impacts
that
could
be
seen.
K
Yes,
absolutely
again,
karen
collins,
just
for
the
for
the
record.
The
challenges
that
we've
seen
in
california
are
are
very
specific
to
some
of
the
regulatory
restrictions
that
those
in
cal
the
insurers
in
california
face
for
those
not
familiar.
The
the
insurance
regulation
is
is
a
state-based
regulation
and
it
varies
by
state
in
california.
I
believe
nevada
is
the
same
is
that
it
is
a
prior
approval
state,
meaning
that
insurers
cannot
simply
just
change
rates
and
start
passing
that
on
to
consumers.
They
are
subject
to
prior
approval
from
the
state
insurance
regulator.
K
So
when
we
see
in
states
similar
to
that
very
extensive
losses
that
occur
in
a
very
acute
time
frame
like
we
saw
in
the
2017
and
2018
seasons,
where
we
had
substantial
wildfire
losses
in
california,
there's
there's
an
outlay
of
claims
that
are
paid
of
course,
and
when
you
compare
that
to
the
premiums
that
have
been
collected
in
that
state,
in
particular,
over
the
last
20
years,
those
two
years
actually
essentially
wiped
out
the
profits
of
what
was
20
years
and
in
the
same
kind
of
span
of
time.
In
the
aftermath
of
those
losses.
K
Having
occurred,
the
state
actually
passed
a
number
of
laws
that
would
essentially
expand
the
benefits
that
would
be
available
to
consumers,
and
so,
if
you
think
of
it
as
the
goal
pulse
removed,
if
the
same
losses
were
to
have
occurred
a
couple
years
later,
as
they
did
in
2017
and
2018,
they
actually
would
have
been
even
higher
losses.
So
we're
experiencing
a
higher
amount
of
insurance
that
would
be
paid
in
a
single
loss.
K
In
addition
to
the
amount
of
losses
that
took
place,
we
had
a
little
bit
of
a
lull
in
the
market
in
2019
as
far
as
number
of
losses,
but
then
we
had
another
substantial
year
in
2020..
The
unique
thing
with
2020
was
more
lightning
induced
strikes
versus
utility
induced.
You
know,
losses
with
2017.
One
of
the
interesting
things
is
that
some
of
those
communities
when
they
went
to
reconstruct
the
the
local
again
the
land
use
policies
how
that's
enforced
building
codes.
Those
homes
were
allowed
to
rebuild
to
a
lesser
standard.
K
They
weren't
even
required
to
be
rebuilt
to
a
wildfire
wui
code
specific
standard.
Now
the
state
has
improved
on
that
and
so
we're
seeing
more
of
that
reconstruction
being
held
to
a
higher
standard.
They
actually
just
in
the
last
couple
weeks,
announced
a
state
why
this
is
what
we're
going
to
work
towards
you
know,
but
so
that
foundation,
that
groundwork
is
being
laid
to
be
more
responsive
to
adaptation
and
resilience.
K
But
in
this
window
of
time,
where
the
market
is
contracted,
there's
these
other
forces
at
play,
because
insurers
haven't
been
able
to
address
all
of
the
increase
in
exposure.
That
is,
you
know,
with
climate
change
and
everything
else.
We
know
that
this
impact
is
still
going
to
be
there
in
future
years.
So
there
is
that
part
of
it
there's
one
other
unique
thing
with
california.
That's
been
a
real
difficult
thing
that
the
insurance
industry
is
still
working
through
with
the
state
regulator
and
that's
the
use
of
wildfire
catastrophe
models
most
states.
K
You
know
you
look
at
what
your
your
historic
experience
has
been
for,
trying
to
determine
what
your
rate
should
become.
What
that
average
has
been
the
challenge
that
we
are
facing
in
in
wildfire
prone
areas,
and
it's
true
to
agree
with
a
lot
of
other
areas
in
the
country
with
natural
disasters,
but
particularly
so
for
wildfires-
is
that
we
can't
truly
just
look
at
historic
experience,
because
we
have,
in
the
western
states,
seen
so
much
housing.
K
Expansion
into
new
areas
that
have
historically
been
wildfire
prone
areas,
the
wui,
so
that
footprint
and
exposure
is
very
different.
The
climate
change
impacts
of
where
you
know
increasing
temperatures
and
lack
of
precipitation
from
drought
are
going
to
continue
these
impacts
of
how
aggressive
these
fires
spread.
As
was
kind
of
briefly
discussed,
the
fire
behavior
is
changing
they're
growing
at
a
much
faster
per
acre.
K
You
know
per
minute
or
hour
spread,
so
this
exposure,
when
you
look
at
it
from
historical,
is
not
truly
reflective
of
future
and
so
the
ability
to
use
catastrophe
models
that
really
do
include
these
forward-looking
projections
and
impacts.
That
is
a
tool
that
it's
available,
but
it's
not
available
in
that
state.
K
So
these
are
again
some
of
these
challenges
that
ensures
that
they
require
certain
amount
of
flexibility
to
use
the
tools
and
technology
that
are
available
to
them
to
make
sure
that
they're
able
to
responsibly
take
on
the
exposure.
That
is
something
that
they
can.
You
know,
pay
out
in
claims
and
do
so
in
a
balanced
way,
but
it
just
the
yeah.
These
challenges
in
that
state
are
not
identical
to
nevada
or
other.
Western
states,
though,
doesn't
mean
that
that
can't
happen
if
the
same
type
of
losses
happen
in
the
same
type
of
limited
response.
K
What
I
can
say
is
that
there
are
some
carriers
you're,
finally
seeing
some
of
these
approvals
for
rate
filing
starting
to
occur
and
getting
caught
up
to
what
that
rate
adequacy
truly
should
be
and
we're
starting
to
see
a
little
bit
of
that
tipping
point
with
more
carriers
beginning
to
write
in
these
high-risk
areas.
So
it's
it's
a
cycle.
It's
a
cycle
that
we've
seen
in
some
of
our
hurricane
states
years
ago
in
florida,
hurricane
andrew,
in
the
early
90s,
and
then
in
2004-2005.
K
We
saw
a
similar
type
of
cycle
when
the
south
eastern
gulf
states,
including
hurricane
katrina
and
in
louisiana,
occurred,
we've
gone
through
some
of
these
market
cycles,
but
then
the
market
stabilizes
over
time,
so
we're
kind
of
just
in
that
cycle.
Currently,
in
california,
getting
through
it,
it's
not
going
to
stay
this
way
indefinitely,
but
again
it
boils
down
to
how
much
can
we
reduce
the
losses
and
have
stability
so
that
you
don't
go
through
these
kind
of
aggressive
pain
points
like
we've
seen
in
recent
years,.
A
A
All
right
seeing
none.
Thank
you
again
so
much
for
the
presentation.
I
think
this
was
extremely
helpful
in
helping
us
characterize.
You
know
the
complex
economics
of
this
issue.
A
Everything
from
the
the
physical
damages
costs,
the
costs
of
health
impacts,
potential
costs
to
our
state
in
terms
of
our
ability
to
finance
infrastructure
projects,
as
well,
as
you
know,
the
cost
of
insurance
and,
of
course,
the
state
it
has
insurance
and
local
governments
do
as
well
as
individuals.
A
So
all
I
think
very
important
things
for
us
to
keep
in
mind
to
have
kind
of
a
global
perspective
about
this
issue,
as
we
look
at
what
we
try
and
do
to
to
take
action
to
address
drought,
wildfire
flooding
and
other
issues
that
are
influenced
by
our
climate.
So
again,
thank
you
all
for
your
presentations
very
much
appreciate
it,
and
with
that
we
will
now
move
on
to
the
next
item
on
our
agenda.
A
We'll
have
a
presentation
from
the
state
department
of
agriculture
to
discuss
issues
and
implementation
of
past
legislation
similar
to
some
of
our
other
agency
presentations.
So
with
that,
I
will
turn
the
floor
over
to
director
ott
director.
You
can
introduce
yourself
for
the
record
and
begin
your
presentation
whenever
you
are
ready.
H
Thank
you,
chairman
watts.
Can
you
hear
me
okay
and
see
my
screen.
A
Yes,
I
can,
and
we'll
just
note
very
briefly
before
we
get
into
this-
we
have
been
having
fairly
predictable
technology
hiccups
every
half
an
hour
or
so
so,
both
for
you
and
members
of
the
public.
We
might
have
to
take
a
a
quick
pause
at
some
point
and
and
then
start
at
the
beginning
of
whatever
slide
you're
on
once
we
get
reconnected.
H
Not
a
problem.
Thank
you
good
morning
still
morning,
yes,
chairman
watts
and
members
of
the
committee.
H
My
name
is
jack
rod,
I'm
the
director
for
the
department
of
agriculture
and
it's
my
pleasure
to
appear
in
front
of
you
today
to
not
only
present
to
you
an
overview
of
the
department
of
agriculture,
but
to
also
discuss
some
of
the
agriculture
issues
that
our
department
is
working
around
as
well
as
provide
an
update
on
legislation
from
this
past
legislative
session,
and
we
have
a
lot
of
updates,
I'm
happy
to
say
so
I'll
start
off
with
just
giving
an
overview
of
the
agriculture
industry
in
the
state
of
nevada.
H
Now
nevada's
agricultural
economic
output
is
growing
in
2019
it
was
4.95
billion.
That
is
both
the
traditional
agriculture
sector
of
ranching
and
farming,
as
well
as
the
food
and
beverage
manufacturing
sectors,
it's
grown
to
5.2
billion
in
2020
and
continues
to
grow
projected
into
2021.
H
Many
of
much
of
that
in
2019
was
due
to
some
of
the
trade
conflict
occurring
at
the
time.
Certainly,
we
were
expecting
more
of
a
rebound
in
2020,
but
the
global
pandemic
did
have
an
effect
on
that
as
well,
and
we're
concerned
continuing
to
see
a
rebound
in
this
sector
as
you'll
see
in
some
of
the
specific
numbers
later
on
in
the
presentation,
the
food
and
ag
and
ranching
and
farming
sectors
employ
just
under
19
000
nevadans,
for
a
total
of
818
million
dollars
in
wages
in
the
state.
H
We
do
have
a
board
of
agriculture
at
the
department
that
oversees
certain
statutes
under
the
board
authority.
This
is
a
legislative
update.
We
did
have
senate
bill
54
that
changed
the
makeup
of
the
board
of
ag
that
will
come
into
effect
on
july,
1st
2020.
H
So
we'll
start
to
see
those
changes
here
in
a
couple
of
months.
At
this
time,
we're
still
operating
under
the
older
version
of
the
board
of
agriculture.
H
H
All
right,
amazon,
we
are
back
on
the
broadcast,
hey!
Thank
you
stephanie.
I
appreciate
it
like
I
said,
here's
our
mission
at
the
top
of
the
slide,
we're
wrapping
up
our
strategic
plan.
We
look
forward
to
wrapping
that
up
after
this
next
legislative
session
next
year
and
looking
to
the
future
for
for
more
planning
and
based
on
the
input
that
we
receive
at
the
next
legislative
session.
H
H
H
Our
phytos
phytocemetery
certificates
provide
mandatory
inspection
and
certification
for
plants
and
plant
products
for
export
on
the
top
right.
Here
you
can
see
as
similar
to
the
numbers
I
shared
for
overall
industry
of
agriculture.
Those
numbers
are
continuing
to
go
up.
In
fiscal
year
20
we
did
have
683
certificates
issued
in
fiscal
year,
21
781,
and
that
is
a
year-to-date
number
for
fiscal
year
22.
H
We
are
going
to
probably
more
than
exceed
fiscal
year
21
by
a
good
amount.
So
we
are
seeing
those
increases.
H
H
Some
of
that
is
due
to
the
falling
price
of
cbd
and
the
demand
for
cbd
in
in
just
a
nationwide
market,
and
also
there's
competition
from
international
markets
as
well,
but
also
this
has
to
do
with
a
lot
of
our
hemp
growers
were
new
growers
or
growers
that
were
diversifying,
and
so
drought
took
a
pretty
heavy
hit
on
our
hemp
producers
over
the
last
few
years.
H
We
also
work
on
plant
health,
we
collaborate
with
federal
state
and
local
governments
and
weed
mitigation
entities
to
be
proactive
in
preventing,
controlling
and
managing
invasive
weed
species
on
public
lands
and
private
properties,
and
then
also
our
nursery
programs.
Entomology
programs,
plant
pathology
and
seed
certification
work
to
prevent
entry
and
spread
of
harmful
exotic
pests
and
plant
diseases
through
identification
field,
surveys
and
enforcement
of
state
quarantines
and
regulations.
H
That
includes
the
licensure
and
monitoring
of
pest
control,
companies
and
individuals
for
compliance
with
state
and
federal
laws,
and
also
working
on
the
mitigation
side
working
on
pesticide
product
recycling
programs,
monitoring,
waterways,
to
make
sure
pesticides
are
not
getting
in
our
waterways
as
all
part
of
our
environmental
protection
unit.
When
it
comes
to
the
agricultural
sector.
H
Also,
a
portion
of
that
is
our
drought
initiative.
We
have
one
drought
physician
at
the
department
of
agriculture
who
really
is
involved
with
working
with
all
of
the
other
drought
groups
in
the
state,
with
the
governor's
office,
with
ndp
and
and
department
of
conservation,
natural
resources
to
work
on
the
more
practical
sides
of
drought,
particularly
for
our
farmers
and
ranchers.
H
Like
I
said,
its
drought
is
much
harder,
it's
hard
on
everybody,
but
it's
marched
harder
on.
There's
newer
agriculture
entities,
especially
our
small
and
medium-sized
farmers
and
ranchers,
and
then
also
working
on
solutions
for
invasive
species
on
our
public
lands,
hear
about
wildfire.
That
is
a
big
factor
when
it
comes
to
invasive
species.
H
It's
no
secret
that
much
of
the
federal
and
public
lands
language
was
not
created
with
states
like
nevada
in
mind
and
so
we're
hoping
to
change
that
through
some
of
our
work,
not
only
on
the
state
level,
but
the
federal
so
I'll
move
all
into
the
supply
chain
to
the
division
industry.
H
H
I
have
one
slide
here
on
the
division
of
animal
industry,
which
really
doesn't
do
it
justice,
it's
a
really
busy
division.
We
have
the
livestock
inspection
program.
That
is
the
brand
inspections
that
we
hear
about:
protecting
livestock
producers
and
tracking
the
movement
of
livestock
across
nevada
and
between
states
for
health
purposes
and
consumer
protection
purposes.
H
Our
dairy
program,
who
tracks
the
sanctity
of
milk
from
production
all
the
way
through
shelfing
and
pricing
in
the
state
of
nevada
and,
of
course,
our
animal
disease
laboratory
that
works
on
issues
such
as
west
nile
virus
and
rabies.
H
H
We
are
continuing
and
working
hard
to
implement
our
new
revised
program
and,
of
course,
I
just
want
to
start.
I
just
also
want
to
mention
processing
as
part
of
the
supply
chain
were
and
I'll
bring
it
up
in
later
slides.
But
processing
is
an
area
that
we
can
really
support
this.
This
portion
of
the
industry,
the
ranching
industry.
H
We
have
great
production
in
this
industry
in
nevada.
We
have
a
wonderful
market
for
those
products,
especially
through
our
urban
centers
and
our
tourists
and
visitors
to
the
state
of
nevada.
But
we
have
very
little
processing
in
this
state.
Everything
that
we
do
has
to
leave
the
state
in
order
to
come
back
in
to
feed
our
population
and
our
visitors,
and
so
the
department
of
agriculture
and
the
governor's
office
is
working
to
address
that
and
to
support
this
industry
through
supporting
processing
efforts.
H
Moving
on
our
division
of
measurement
standards
ensures
quality
of
motor
fuel
and
lubricants
and
consistency
in
commercial
transactions
by
regulating
devices
used
to
determine
weight
and
volume
of
our
three
programs
and
standards
with
some
measures
program
who
inspects
and
certifies
weighing
and
measuring
devices.
H
Two
major
issues
that
we're
working
on
in
this
division-
one
is
the
electrification
of
nevada
and
how
that
affects
our
regulatory
standards
on
measurement
of
electrification
and
electric
vehicles
and
how
we
can
provide
consumer
protection.
Support
in
that
industry
and
the
other
issue
that
we
are
working
on
in
this
division
has
been
a
year-long
issue
really,
and
that
is
the
quality
of
diesel
fuel
in
nevada
through
our
pipeline,
especially
our
northern
nevada
pipeline.
H
We're
seeing
heavy
clogging
of
filters,
there's
some
sort
of
ingredient
or
substance
that's
being
carried
through
our
pipeline.
That's
really
affecting
our
northern
nevada,
central
nevada
and
eastern
nevada
fuel
dispensing
locations
and
costing
a
lot
of
money,
and
so
we're
working
with
the
industry
to
solve
that
problem
and
maintaining
that
high
quality
of
the
pipeline
in
nevada
and
the
petroleum,
and
we
have
our
division
of
food
and
nutrition,
who
administers
federal
funds
to
provide
access
to
healthy
food
for
nevada's
children,
seniors
and
food,
insecure
populations.
H
H
Some
of
the
issues
that
we're
encountering
through
this
division,
of
course
is
supply
chain
continues
to
be
an
issue
for
food.
It
seems
like
there's
fits
and
starts,
we'll
have
no
trucks
coming
in
and
then
10
trucks
coming
in,
there's
still
substitutions
on
products
because
of
issues
with
sourcing
or
issues
at
processing.
Where
again,
there's
labor
shortages
are
really
impacting
this.
So
we're
seeing
still
a
lot
of
supply
chain
impacts.
H
We
were
seeing
supply
chain
impacts
with
our
schools,
the
usda.
Well,
let
me
back
up.
We've
seen
supply
chain
impacts
with
our
schools.
Some
of
our
school
contracts
because
of
supply
chain
issues,
were
increased
by
30
percent.
H
The
other
area
is
we're,
consider
continuing
to
see
the
increased
number
of
food,
insecure
individuals
and
families
holding
steady.
We
saw
a
huge
increase
during
certainly
the
initial
stages
of
the
pandemic.
It
has
gone
down
a
little
bit,
but
we
are
still
seeing
an
elevated
number
of
food,
insecure
individuals
and
families
in
this
state.
H
So,
moving
on
to
our
final
division,
division
of
administrative
services,
of
course
this
is
the
support
team
to
our
division,
really
the
core
of
our
I'm
sorry
of
our
department,
the
core
of
our
department,
but
we
also
have
a
few
programs
within
this
division
that
I'd
like
to
highlight
and
two
of
them.
One
is
our
global
trade
program.
H
Our
global
trade
program
assists
farmers,
ranchers
agribusinesses
and
food
manufacturers
to
enter
and
grow
into
domestic
and
international
markets
by
providing
educational
seminars,
federal
partnerships,
trade
missions
leads
and
market
assessments,
and
also
you
know,
part
of
our
communications
team
is
looking
at
various
ways
to
support
small
businesses.
So
two
of
the
issues
and
sort
of
success
stories
well
three
success
stories.
H
I'd
kind
of
like
to
highlight
one
is:
we
were
able
to
start
our
women's
farm
to
food
accelerator
program
that
enrolled
15
nevada
women
in
the
program
to
assist
them
in
in
getting
their
food
businesses
up
and
going.
We
were
also
able
to
just
this
last
friday,
launch
our
craft
beverage
passport
program,
which
is
a
passport.
H
H
So
legislative
updates-
some
of
you
may
remember
that
we
had
quite
a
few
bills
in
front
of
the
legislature
this
last
session
and
I'm
happy
to
say
that
we've
had
some
accomplishments
there,
I'm
not
going
to
read
through
these.
I
think
that
you
have
the
slides
so
I'll
just
go
through
and
provide
the
updates,
and
if
there's
any
questions,
please
let
me
know
for
ab31
we
do
have
our
economic
impact
survey
completed
and
a
workshop
for
the
implementation
of
that
bill
is
scheduled
for
mid-march
on
ab34.
H
H
H
H
The
economic
impact
survey
was
released
that
is
closed
about
a
week
ago
and
the
workshop
was
to
be
scheduled,
and
that
was
a
little
bit
behind
schedule,
wise
than
we
would
like
to
be,
but
because
of
some
court
rulings
that
were
happening
in
the
e-15
sector,
we
were
waiting
for
language
on
those
rulings
before
moving
back
to
the
lcb4
final
knack
language.
H
The
60th,
I
believe,
will
be
up
in
front
of
you
in
the
next
legislative
commission
for
those
members
on
the
commission.
The
final
adoption
hearing
has
been
held,
sb
65,
that
is
the
implementation
of
our
new
names,
and
that
has
been
implemented.
We're
done
with
that
sb
370,
I'm
so
excited
about
this
one.
H
So
this
was
the
home
feeds
nevada,
agricultural
food
purchase
program
that
was
that
was
added
under
sb
370..
H
Those
of
you
on
ifc
on
december
approved
a
position
through
the
american
rescue
plan
act
funds
to
begin
this
program.
We
were
able
to
hire
that
person
within
about
two
weeks
of
receiving
approval,
and
they
have
been
since
hard
at
work.
In
establishing
that
program,
we
will
request
for
additional
funding
for
that
program
and
also
intend
to
apply
for
the
usda
local
food
promotion
program
to
add
additional
dollars
to
that.
This
is
the
program
that
buys
nevada,
grown
goods
and
delivers
them
to
food
banks
for
distribution
to
food,
insecure
populations.
H
And
my
final
slide
here
on
updates
on
legislative
updates,
sb
404
lcd
has
reviewed
our
draft
and
the
economic
survey
has
been
released.
Sb412
that
purchase
with
those
one
shot
is
complete
and
we
do
have
that
equipment.
In-House
and
sb
454
is
implemented.
H
Notice
to
the
ranching
industry
in
the
animal
industry
will
be
sent
out
shortly.
We
had
a
hiccup
in
the
mail
room
last
week,
but
that
will
be
implemented
and
go
into
effect
as
of
april
1st,
so
that
is
moving
along
as
well
and
chairman.
Just
my
last
two
slides,
I
wanted
to
just
preview
a
little
bit
of
some
brainstorming
on
what
the
department
of
agriculture
is
working
with
the
governor's
office
on
as
far
as
ideas-
and
you
know
just
again-
brainstorms
for
american
plan
rescue
plan
act
funds.
H
Some
of
you
might
have
seen
that
usda
made
an
announcement
just
last
week
of
215
million
investment
in
the
meat
industry
and
so
we're
hoping
to
capitalize
that
on
in
nevada
and
and
make
as
most
and
bring
as
many
of
those
funds
into
our
state
as
possible,
rebranding
the
commodity
supplemental
food
program.
This
is
we're
hoping
to
rename
this
the
senior
wellness
and
nutrition
program
for
better
adoption
around
the
state.
H
So
it's
more
recognizable
and
every
entity
that
runs
this
program
can
all
have
the
same
branding
and
awareness
we're
looking
to
modernize
our
website.
We
have
so
many
different
areas
of
business
and
so
many
interactions
with
the
public
and
nobody
can
find
anything.
It
seems
like
so
looking
to
do
a
better
job
with
our
communications
through
website
and
then,
of
course,
tackling
food
insecurity
in
our
state
with
the
american
rescue
plan
fund.
H
H
If
you
have
a
good
base
to
your
pyramid,
then
you
can
really
grow
a
strong
pyramid
and
this
is
really
investing
in
food
infrastructure
so
that
that
way,
if
we
having
supply
and
issue
jews
and
there's
an
entity
that
gets
10
trucks
at
a
time,
they're
not
worried
about
where
they're
going,
to
put
it
all,
and
certainly
looking
at
transportation,
we
have
new
ways
of
delivering
food
now
and
and
really
supporting
all
of
these
food
insecurity
agencies
they're
doing
a
good
work
on
the
ground
and
then,
of
course,
as
we
get
further
down
into
the
infrastructure
bill.
H
H
A
Thank
you
so
much
for
that
presentation
directorate.
We
we
certainly
appreciate
the
updates
and
you
have
quite
a
bit
going
on,
and
so
with
that
we'll
open
it
up
to
you.
Members
for
questions.
C
Thank
you
chair
and
thank
you,
ms
for
being
here
just
two
questions.
What
do
you
happen
to
have
an
idea
that
you
could
share
with
us,
maybe
on
the
status
of
the
spread
of
of
white
top,
and
then
I'm
thinking
white
top's
an
invasive
species,
but
I've
not
seen
it
like
on
your
website.
C
I
don't
see
it
listen
to
that
unless
it's
called
something
else,
but
just
some
edification
on
that
subject
for
me
and
others
is,
is
white
chop
an
invasive
species
and
we
tend
to
have
a
lot
of
trouble
with
it
here
in
the
truckee
meadows
area
along
the
river,
and
I,
as
I
recall,
I
think
the
university
of
nevada
was
was
doing
some
work
on
trying
to
to
remedy
that
issue,
and
then
I
have
one
other
question.
H
Thank
you
so
much
jennifer
for
the
record,
so
I
should
have
started
off
with
apologizing
that
I
am
here
by
myself
and
so
the
more
technical
questions
I
may
not
be
able
to
get
to,
and
this
specifics
on
white
top
is
one
of
them.
I'm
happy
to
get
back
to
you
and
and
send
an
email
to
everyone
on
the
committee.
Yes,
it
is
an
issue.
Our
team
does
have
a
program
for
invasive
species,
early
detection,
rapid
response
species
and
looking
at.
H
Targeting
those
species
that
for
lack
of
a
better
word
in
one
area
and
how
to
treat
in
that
area
and
keep
it
contained,
and
certainly
I'll,
look
to
see
if
that
is
one
of
them.
C
Thank
you.
I
don't
mean
to
put
you
on
the
spot.
I
know
you
already
cover
so
much
information
so,
but
you
did
a
great
job.
So
thank
you
for
that
and
then
you
referenced
when
you
were
talking
about
livestock,
that
we
don't
do
any
processing.
H
All
right,
assemblywoman
hanson-
this
is
jennifer
ott
for
the
record.
I
just
want
to
clarify
as
part
of
your
question.
We
do
have
some
processing
in
nevada,
so
I
want
to
give
credit
where
credit
is
due,
it's
limited,
but
we
do
have
some
processing
in
the
state.
H
It
is
all
tied
in
the
again
going
to
my
point
that
we
have
great
production
in
nevada
and
we
have
great
market
in
nevada.
We're
just
missing
that
middle
piece.
The
state
inspection
program
that
we
are
requesting
and
sort
of
brainstorming
about
would
be
a
supportive
part
of
that
industry.
H
It
would
allow
the
department
of
agriculture
to
create
an
inspection
program
to
inspect
these
processing
facilities
on
a
state
level
rather
than
having
usda
inspectors
in
the
facilities,
so
they
would
be
able
to
get
a
state
inspection
which
then
allows
them
to
sell
beef,
or
what
have
you
within
the
state
of
nevada,
just
not
across
state
lines.
That
way,
you
would
need
the
usda
inspection
still
so
we're
looking
at
creating
that
program.
Part
of
that
program
is
also
an
education
piece
and
a
supportive
piece
for
those
industries
that
are
looking
to
support.
Excuse.
H
Excuse
me
to
start
a
facility
and
helping
them
do
that,
helping
them
work
through
the
financing
part
of
it.
Of
course,
we
all
know
that
there
was,
you
know
a
lot
of
national
attention
on
processing,
and
so
the
usda
has
come
with
funding,
and
so
we
want
to
make
sure
nevada
gets
as
much
of
that
as
possible,
and
so
that's
that
supportive
piece
as
well
and
also
you
know
just
continuing
to
work
in
this
sector.
So
we
can,
you
know,
grow
the
sector
and
support
it
as
much
as
we
can.
B
B
Right,
agriculture
for
processing
plants
for
beef,
poultry.
H
So
again,
jennifer
ought
for
the
record
yes,
but
not
through
a
state
process,
so
that
is
county
or
city
level
designation
and
certainly
in
the
news
we've
heard
about
some
facilities
that
have
come
in
and
have
not
been
successful
on
the
county
or
city
level
and
and
that's
another
sort
of
again.
H
B
Yes,
it
does
and
the
reason
I
asked
this
question
is
I
had
I
had
a
call
here
just
in
the
last
couple
weeks
of
somebody
asking
questions
and
I
give
them
your
number
said
if
there's
a
state
license,
I
wasn't
aware
of.
I
knew
that
they
did
have
some
in
elko
years
ago,
but
I
didn't
know
if
they
did
talk
to
you
or
not.
A
Thank
you,
and
I
just
I
appreciate
the
the
diplomatic
response
just
to
make
sure
that
all
members
are
aware.
I
did
see
this
in
the
news
as
well.
There
was
a
proposed
processing
facility.
I
believe
it
was
within
the
jurisdiction
of
carson
city
that
was
rejected
and
so
yeah.
A
I
just
wanted
to
make
sure
that
all
the
members
of
the
public
are
aware
so
that
you
can
look
at
additional
information,
and
I
think
it's
important
to
understand
that
in
terms
of
fostering
that
local
supply
chain,
we
both
need
a
a
local
inspection
program
so
that
we
don't
need
fully
fda
licensed
facilities.
But
then
we
also
need
the
processing
here
so
that
we
don't
have
to.
A
You
know,
move
our
agricultural
products
out
of
state
to
be
processed
and
so
and
there
there's
a
local
government
component
to
having
that
happen,
and
so
just
want
to
make
sure
everyone's
aware
of
that
assemblywoman
carlton
go
ahead.
D
Thank
you
very
much,
mr
chairman,
and
and
thank
you
directorate
for
all
the
work
that
you've
done,
and
you
know
that
one
of
the
things
close
to
my
heart
is
the
food
insecurity
conversations
that
we've
had
over
the
last
couple
years,
and
I
want
to
thank
you
very
much
for
looking
at
some
of
the
barriers
that
the
two
large
food
banks
in
the
state
and
by
just
association,
a
number
of
the
smaller
food
pantries,
the
challenges
that
we've
had
and
being
able
to
look
at
the
transportation
and
the
storage.
D
I
I
really
appreciate
that
the
one
thing
we're
having
a
hard
time
you
know
relating
to
folks,
is
it's
great
to
have
the
truck
to
move
it.
But
I
need
the
truck
driver,
it's
wonderful,
to
have
the
forklift,
but
I
need
the
forklift
driver
too.
The
folks
who
put
their
hearts
into
this
work.
Over
the
last
two
years.
We
were
considered
essential
workers
and
you
know,
showed
up
every
day
in
the
food
banks
and
the
food
pantries,
not
knowing
what
they
were
facing,
but
knowing
that
people
needed
to
be
fed.
D
So
I
appreciate
all
the
work
that
they've
all
done
to
keep
nevadans
fed,
and
hopefully
we
can
work
towards
a
time
where
we
can
have
conversations
about
that
that
personnel
that
makes
everything
work.
So
I
I
appreciate
what
you're
doing
moving
forward.
I
have
learned
a
lot
in
the
last
year
about
you
can't
store
a
bunch
of
fruits
and
vegetables
in
a
room
without
them
with
the
gases
they
put
off
and
you
need
special
air
handlers
and
learned
a
lot
about
that.
D
You
know
it's
not
like
just
putting
it
in
your
fridge
at
home,
so
I
appreciate
all
the
work
that
you've
done
and
we
know
that
there's
still
a
need
out
there
and
just
want
to
thank
you
very
much
for
you
know,
taking
all
those
comments
and
suggestions
and
working
on
them
so
that
we
could
move
forward
thanks.
H
And
and
jennifer
opt
for
the
record
and
assembly
one
carl
tonight.
I
really
appreciate
your
comments
and
you
know
we
say
over
and
over
again
at
the
department.
You
know
we
know
who
is
doing
the
work
on
the
ground.
We
know
who's
doing
the
real
work.
We
try
as
hard
as
we
can
to
move
money
as
quick
as
we
can
and
to
you
know,
support
all
of
those
entities,
and
so
I
echo
it
just.
We
really
appreciate
everything
that
every
everyone
does
in
the
food
and
security
sector.
So
thank
you
for
those
comments.
A
Great
senator
gokuchiya,
please
go
ahead.
F
Thank
you,
mr
chair
director
ott.
I
just
got
a
couple
questions.
First,
I'm
gonna
touch
on
the
hamp
that
is
discouraging
to
see
that
those
numbers
have
declined
so
bad,
especially
the
outdoor
grow.
I
just
want
to
remind
the
committee.
We
are
still
waiting
for
the
regs
from
health
and
human
services
that
would
allow
for
the
incorporation
of
cdg
oiled
in
to
food
products
in
the
state
where
we
can
use
nevada
to
produce
tamp,
which
is
it's
not
your
problem,
but
we're
working
on
that.
Yet
we
had
the
legislation
last
session.
F
I
brought
it
forward,
we're
still
waiting
for
the
rags
but
yeah.
I
am
concerned
that
you
know
you
can
buy
those
products
from
everywhere
else
in
the
world
on
on
stores
and
nevada
shelves,
but
we
can't
use
nevada
produced
hemp
that
that's
a
problem
and
the
other
thing
I
want
to
just
touch
on
with
just
a
little
bit
more
massage
is
now
presently
under
nevada
law.
You
can
have
state
meat
inspectors,
but
that's
only
for
interstate
meat.
We
have
to
use
usda
to
do
interstate.
H
H
To
do
that,
work
we
have
done
at
times
worked
with
usda
on
some
custom
exempt,
but
that's
not
going
to
get
us
very
far
in
solving
our
problems.
So
that's
why
we're
looking
at
that
intra
state
state
inspection
program
there
is,
I
believe,
continues
to
be
a
bill
floating
around
congress.
F
Yes,
thank
you
miss
otto,
and
I
really
appreciate
that
and
I
just
for
the
committee,
you
need
to
be
aware
of
that.
The
bottom
line
is
the
best
scenario,
for
us
is
the
change
in
federal
law
that
would
allow
nevada
state
inspectors
to
function
as
usda
inspectors
and
not
handcuff
ourselves.
We're
going
to
bring
processing
into
the
state
which
is
going
to
require
feed
yards
you've
got
to
have
fitness,
lots,
you
incorporate
it
all,
and
then
you
would
limit
yourself
to
only
be
able
to
sell
in
states.
F
So
I
think,
as
a
committee,
it's
something
we
need
to
look
forward
chairman
watts,
maybe
a
resolution
or
something
out
of
this
committee
to
support.
That
would
be
great.
Thank
you.
Thank
you.
Miss
ott.
Thank
you.
A
Senator
guacachia
we'll
we'll
add
that
to
the
running
list
of
ideas
to
potentially
consider
and
would
welcome-
and
you
know
both
any
additional
information
from
the
department
on
some
of
the
federal
policy
changes
that
they
are
pursuing,
as
well
as
from
the
senator
any
other
members
and
and
the
industry
and
members
of
the
public
on
federal
policy
changes
that
could
help
support
our
agricultural
industry
and
we
can
consider
those
potentially
at
the
end
of
our
interim,
whether
it's
resolutions,
letters
of
support
statements
of
support
things
like
that.
A
So
any
other,
oh
and
I
do
have
one
update.
I
was,
I
was
doing
a
little
bit
of
searching
during
some
of
the
previous
questions
and
comments
and
white
top
actually
is
listed
as
a
noxious
weed.
It
is
listed
as
hoary
cress,
which
is
another
name
that
it
goes
by,
but
I
looked
at
the
the
species
name
and
it
is
in
there.
So
just
wanna
provide
some
additional
clarity
on
that.
Yeah
members.
Additional
questions
for
the
director.
A
Okay,
seeing
none
I'll
give
you
a
minute
to
think,
because
I
have.
I
have
just
a
couple
of
things.
I
think
that
you
know
a
lot
of
a
lot
of
things
have
been
covered
already
that
I
wanted
to
address.
I
guess
one
of
the
things
that
I
wanted
to
ask
about:
hemp
because
of
the
complicated
kind
of
and
and
changing
state
and
federal
landscape.
A
I
just
wanted
to
circle
back
around
on
that
and
just
see
if
there's
any
additional
information
you
could
provide
on.
You
know
some
of
the
the
factors
related
to
that.
Is
it
just
kind
of
what
the
senator
mentioned?
What
are
some
of
the?
What
are
some
of
the
issues
that
that
industry
in
particular
is
seeing?
A
I
know
you
mentioned
just
the
economics
in
general,
but
if
you
could
talk
about
that
and
and
then
also
you
know-
you
mentioned
the
impact
of
drought
and
I'm
wondering
you
know:
does
the
hemp
industry
have
access
to
all
the
same
types
of
assistance
that
other
you
know
a
plant
production
has
access
to.
H
Thank
you
for
your
question.
Chairman
jennifer
opt
for
the
record.
I
will
try
my
best
to
expound
a
little
on
what
I've
already
covered
as
far
as
the
regular
landscape,
which
was
really
what
we
have
been
struggling
with
on
the
last
well.
Frankly,
since
hemp
was
made
legal
in
the
state
and
then
again
through
the
farm
bill,
you
know
that
has
pretty
much
come
to
a
conclusion.
H
The
department
of
agriculture
in
the
state
of
nevada
does
now
have
an
approved
state
plan
through
usda
so
that
we're
able
to
operate
it
was
cutting
it
close
there,
but
we
got
it
done,
and
so
our
regulatory
landscape
is
now
complete
and
not
nearly
as
much
of
a
struggle.
You
know
it
has
been
a
struggle
for
industry.
We
were
with
an
industry
that
was
moving
as
fast
as
it
was,
and
the
regulations
not
able
to
keep
up
both
not
only
on
the
federal
side
but
on
the
state
side
as
well.
H
It
was
it
was
difficult
for
our
industry.
I
mean
we
were
you
know
we
were
testing
the
flower,
no
we're
testing
equal
parts,
flour
stock,
no
we're
testing,
but
what
about
the
plant?
If
you're
doing
fiber,
you
know
and-
and
there
was
a
lot
of
those
questions
that
we
had
to
work
through
and
frankly,
there
wasn't
a
lot
of
answers.
H
There
hasn't
been
a
lot
of
research,
and
so,
as
time
has
gone
on,
we've
been
able
to
work
out
a
lot
of
those
details.
So
from
every
standpoint
you
know
we're
more
solid
than
we've
ever
been
from
an
industry
success
standpoint.
H
You
know
just
like
anything
else.
When
the
the
when
the
farm
bill
was
signed
and
hemp,
you
know,
became
you
know
legal.
Certainly,
there
was
a
big
boom
on
what
was
going
to
be
or
thought
to
be.
The
demand
and
the
regulatory
side
not
on
not
just
the
state
of
nevada
but
across
the
nation,
really
hampered
that
initially
there
were
instances
of
crops
being
confiscated
set
on
fire.
I
mean
it
was
a
very
high
risk
proposition
and
has
since
gone
down
to
the
senator's
point.
H
You
know,
cbd
is
being
sourced
from
all
over
the
world
into
the
united
states
and
there's
not.
There
hasn't
been
a
great
way
to
track
that,
and
so
that
has
become
an
additional
problem
and
an
additional
point
of
competition
for
industry
in
our
state,
so
the
competition
part
of
it
the
boom
and
decline
and
then
certainly
drought.
Like
I
had
mentioned,
you
know
some
of
the
hemp
fire
pump.
Farmers
were
new
farmers,
so
there's
going
to
be
a
level
of
failure
there.
H
Some
were
transitioning
crops
and
didn't
find
it
to
be
nearly
as
water
savings,
as
was
initially
advertised.
I
guess,
is
the
right
terminology
for
it,
and
so
and
certainly
being
in
a
drought,
hasn't
helped
newer
or
beginning
farmers.
Smaller
or
medium-sized
farmers.
Don't
have
the
allocation
of
water
rights
as
some
of
the
long-term
farmers
or
larger
farmers,
and
so
when
the
water
ran
out,
it
ran
out,
and
there
was
nothing
that
they
could
do
and
so
and
outdoor
just
the
price
of
hemp.
H
You
know
it's
nothing
near
the
cannabis
cousin
of
marijuana.
You
almost
have
to
do
it
as
an
outdoor
or
outdoor
grow
and
indoor
grow,
it's
very
difficult
to
make
up
that
price
margin,
and
so
there's
a
lot
of
different
factors
there.
But
I
always
attribute
it
basically
to
sort
of
the
the
cbd
the
demand
going
down,
the
competition
from
international
markets,
certainly,
and
then
drought
definitely
has
the
factory
delay.
A
Thank
you
very
much
for
that,
and
that
kind
of
leads
to
another
question
that
I
have
is
on
drought,
and
so
could
you
just
elaborate
a
little
bit
more
both
on
what
what
you're
seeing
in
your
perspective
is
from
the
agency
as
well
as
what
you're
hearing
from
you
know
from
producers
about
essentially
the
you
know,
the
support
or
or
assistance
that's
needed
in
addressing
the
impacts
of
drought.
You
know
whether
it's
programs,
policies
or
resources.
A
What
are
what
are
some
of
the
things
that
you're,
you
know
that
you
see
as
as
needed
to
help
the
our
agriculture
manage
drought.
H
Certainly
jennifer
ought
for
the
record,
so
I'm
going
to
be
careful
because
I
don't
want
to
step
on
dc
r's
toes
here,
but
I
can
tell
you
that
you
know
they're
people
are
going
out
of
business
and
they're
going
out
of
business
because
they
don't
have
water,
and
that
is
what
I
would
like
to
see
cease
is
that
there
be
some
sort
of
assistance
for
those
businesses
just
to
get
them
over
the
hump
to
the
next
year
to
so
that
they're
not
losing
everything
because
they
couldn't
afford
to
plant.
H
H
Well,
we
know
drought,
and
so,
if
we
know
that
your
water
is
getting
cut
off
on
july,
4th
you're
not
going
to
plant
and
so
there's
no
loss
there.
And
so
you
know
that
some
of
the
federal
programs
don't
apply,
and
so
we'd
like
to
see
you
know
some
sort
of
assistance
or
work
done
in
the
area
so
that
we're
not
losing
these
family
farms
and
ranches
due
to
a
lack
of
water.
A
Thank
you
very
much.
I
appreciate
that.
I
believe
I
was
on
another
educational
webinar
recently
that
just
discussed
some
of
the
changing
dynamics
that
we're
seeing
and
some
of
the
you
know,
particularly
drought.
A
In
you
know,
some
of
those
assistance
programs
are
envisioned
as
kind
of
an
emergency
response,
but
what
we've
seen
is
essentially
a
permanent
state
of
drought
or
something
close
to
it,
and
so
some
of
those
frameworks
are
are
not
aging
well
and
kind
of
need
to
be
rethought.
So
I
do
appreciate
that
I
guess-
and
yes
I
know,
I
understand
that,
there's
a
water
rights
perspective,
we're
gonna,
are
we're.
Gonna
talk,
talk
about
water
issues
and
more
depth
in
in
our
next
meeting.
A
One
thing
one
other
thing
I
did
want
to
talk
about,
and
I
know
this
has
a
crossover
with
another
state
agency
is
you
know
you
had
mentioned
a
little
bit
before
trying
to
manage
invasive
species
and
the
impact
on
wildfire,
and
I
know
that
that
has
some
overlap,
and
then
I
know
that
that
the
department
also
manages
the
horses
on
the
virginia
range,
and
you
know
I
know
that
that
has
some
wild
other
crossover
with
other
wildlife
issues
that
perhaps
endow
is
involved
on.
A
I
I
know
there's
been
some
recent
discussion
about
crossings
and
other
things,
so
I
was
just
wondering
if
you
could
yeah
just
speak
a
little
bit
to
the
to
those
issues
and
to
any
kind
of
the
conversation
and
collaboration
with
other
relevant
agencies
to
try
and
address
them.
H
My
apologies
is
finding
my
cursor
again.
Jennifer
ought
for
the
record,
so
I'm
going
to
take
the
horse
issue
first.
So
yes,
and
we're
still
having
horses
an
immense
amount
of
horse
issues
on
the
virginia
range.
H
We
do
have
two
cooperative
agreements
with
horse
advocacy
groups,
one
for
darting
of
birth
control
and
one
for
basically
answering
the
phone,
calls
that
we
can't
answer,
which
is
there's
a
horse
in
the
roadway
there's
horses
on
my
land.
H
Somebody
hit
a
horse
with
their
car,
and
you
know
those
kinds
of
responses
they
are
still
according
to
yes,
they're,
probably
older
than
I
would
like
them
to
be,
but
we
still
have
more
horses
than
that
range
is
projected
to
be
able
to
carry
which
is
affecting
that
range
as
far
as
the
horse
crossings.
That
has
become
a
topic
of
conversation
really
because
of
language
within
the
infrastructure
bill.
There
is
money
within
there
for
wildlife
crossings.
H
Our
horses
on
the
virginia
range
are
not
rated
as
wildlife,
and
so
I'm
guessing
that
those
don't
apply
I
haven't.
Had
anybody
come
to
me
asking
to
do
wildlife
crossings
in
that
area?
H
There
is
wildlife
on
that
range,
which
would
then
be
supported,
but
then
we're
also
really
kind
of
encouraging
the
movement
of
horses
as
well.
So
it
I
mean,
frankly,
to
be
honest
with
you.
It's
a
lose-lose
issue
on
that
until
we
can,
you
know,
do
more
work
on
birth
control
and
that
kind
of
thing
fencing
a
lot
of
fencing.
Currently
we
have
offending
requests
in
or
to
to
the
federal
government
for
fencing,
especially
in
the
urban
wildland
interface
areas.
A
Great
thank
you.
I
appreciate
that.
That's
that's
a
very
interesting
point
that
you
raised
and
it
looks
like
we
have
a
follow-up
from
senator
coycochia
go
ahead,
sir.
F
Thank
you,
mr
chair,
and
I
won't
touch
the
horses
I'll
leave
that
alone,
but
anyway
my
I'm
really
concerned
about
the
drought
issues
and
clearly
the
50
corridor.
Here
in
eastern
nevada,
it's
bleak,
you
know
tomorrow,
we
we
are
at
you
know
the
first
of
march,
there's
nothing
that
a
foot
of
rain
wouldn't
cure,
but
I
don't
know
if
it's
gonna
come,
but
you
know
just
for
the
committee.
F
This
drought
is
it's
it's
for
real
here
in
eastern
nevada,
especially
when
it's
on
there
is
that
dark
red
it
it
it
is.
There
we've
got
dust
coming
right
out
of
the
brush
and
have
had
for
the
last
60
days
any
time.
There's
a
breeze,
there's
dust:
you
can't
have
the
ground
soil
conditions
that
dry
and
expect
any
kind
of
a
season.
So
thank
you.
H
Jennifer
ought
for
the
record,
I
think
one
of
the
items
I
also
I
should
have
brought
up
earlier,
but
I
just
wanted
to
highlight
you
know
a
number
of
industry
told
me
when
I
was
referencing
that
you
know
nevada
is
used
to
drought,
one
of
the
big
problems
with
that
is
that
you
know
when
we
had
such
a
severe
drought,
as
we
did
this
last
year,
where
areas
like
washington
and
oregon
and
areas
of
idaho
who
hadn't
experienced
drought
in
a
really
long
time
were
experiencing
drought.
H
A
Thank
you.
I
appreciate
both
of
those
comments.
One
other
thing,
and
this
is
a
bit
of
a
comment.
If
you
want
to
respond,
you
feel
free
to
do
so.
I
know
we
had
discussed
at
some
point
the
poultry
improvement
program
which
I
learned
about
when
working
on
the
cage-free
egg
legislation,
and
this
was
something
that
was
brought
up
by
somebody
in
the
agricultural
industry
here
and
so
you
know,
I
understand
it's.
A
It's
it's
essentially
a
voluntary
program
to
help
you
know
ensure
the
quality
and
safety
of
of
poultry
and
poultry
products,
and
I
think
nevada
is
one
of
the
few
states
that
that
doesn't
have
or
isn't
really
participating
in.
A
So
this
just
kind
of
gets
back
to
a
recurring
theme
that
we've
had
in
this
and
other
committees
about
trying
to
find
ways
that
we
can
make
these
kind
of
initial
state
investments
provide
the
opportunity
for
us
to
pull
down
additional
federal
resources
and
and
support
for
the
industry.
So
I
just
wanted
to
make
members
aware
of
that
additional
issue.
And
again,
if
you
want
to
respond,
you
can.
But
I
just
want
to
kind
of
put
that
on
the
record
for
other
members.
H
A
H
All
right,
thank
you
again,
jennifer
ott
for
the
record
to
address
the
questions
on
invasive
species.
So
there's
really
two
areas
where
the
department
of
agriculture
works
on
public
lands
or
just
land
issues
in
general.
The
first
is
invasive
species,
the
identification
and
then
treatment
of
those
invasive
species
department
of
wildlife
also
does.
H
H
We
work
with
nonprofit
groups,
local
governments
and
as
well
as
federal
governments,
to
collect
native
seed
and
are
working
on
a
program
to
enlist
nevada
farmers
to
grow
out
native
seeds
so
that
we
have
a
native
seed
bank
so
that,
in
the
event
of
a
wildfire
that
we're
able
to
reseed
the
land
with
seed
that
has
been
collected
and
grown
here
in
the
state
of
nevada,
rather
than
in
eastern
washington
or
montana,
where
a
lot
of
that
work
goes
to
so
in
the
last
year
and
a
half
two
years
department
of
agriculture,
as
well
as
other
state
entities,
fish
and
wildlife
service,
blm
u.s
forest
service,
usda
nrcs,
are
all
a
part
of
a
shared
stewardship
group.
H
We've
had
a
lot
of
success
over
the
last
year
and
it's
you
know
it's
more
collaboration.
That's
happened
than
ever
before
and
it's
really
exciting.
To
be
part
of
that
group,
so
I
expect
great
things
for
the
future.
I'm
just
I'm
excited
for
this
infrastructure
bill
and
what
that
might
be
able
to
do
to
fund
that
collaborative
effort
and
tackling
those
invasive
species
which
we
all
know
not
only
affect
our
industries
but
affect
wildlife
and
affect
the
wildfire
impact
potential.
A
All
right
seeing
none.
Thank
you
again
so
much
for
your
presentation
again.
We
appreciate
the
updates
and
information,
and-
and
thank
you
for
your
time
with
that.
We
will
move
on
to
the
next
item
on
our
agenda,
which
is
a
presentation
from
our
division
of
state
parks
and
our
division
of
our
office
of
outdoor
recreation
and
the
department
of
conservation
and
natural
resources
on
issues
related
to
outdoor
recreation
in
nevada.
A
G
That
story
begins
with
a
headline:
nevada
is
an
outdoor
state.
Nevada
is
second
only
to
alaska
in
terms
of
public
lands,
essential
assets,
supporting
the
state's
thriving
outdoor
economy
as
a
state.
We
enjoy
four
national
park
units,
including
the
fifth
most
visited
national
park
unit
in
the
country,
lake
mead,
national
recreation
area,
which
was
also
the
first
national
recreation
area
ever
designated
established
in
1936..
G
G
G
The
threat
of
climate
change
has
enormous
economic
implications
for
the
outdoor
recreation
economy
in
nevada
alone,
those
nearly
8
million
visitors
to
lake
mead,
national
recreation
area.
I
mentioned
a
moment
ago.
They
contribute
336
million
dollars
annually
and
support
3990
jobs
in
gateway
communities
like
boulder
city.
G
G
Such
climate
change
driven
impacts
are
multivalent,
not
only
are
wildfires
larger,
more
complex
and
more
expensive
to
fight.
They
are
also
far
more
poisonous
forest
fires
of
yesteryear,
burned,
trees
in
today's
complex
urban
wildland
interface,
where
cities
are
planning
and
designing
communities
to
the
threshold
of
wildfires
smoke,
is
far
more
toxic,
creating
significant
direct
consequences
to
the
outdoor
recreation
economy
of
nevada,
but
also
enormous
and
as
yet,
unmeasured
impacts
on
the
health
of
nevada.
G
It
is
for
these
many
but
briefly
mentioned
reasons
that
I
have
set
out
the
following:
relevant
priorities
of
the
division
of
outdoor
recreation,
with
support
from
federal
arka
funds
and
private
sector
donations,
we'll
be
conducting
a
full-scale
economic
impact
study
of
outdoor
recreation
in
nevada
over
the
next
year,
or
so,
as
I
hope,
this
presentation
has
made
clear.
The
impact
of
outdoor
recreation
on
nevada's
overall
economy
is
significant.
A
Thank
you
very
much
and
I
think
we'll
it's
all
right
with
everyone.
I
think
we'll
let
administrator
mergel
speak
and
then
we'll
open
it
up
for
questions
to
either
presenter.
So
with
that,
whenever
you're
ready,
mr
mergel,
please
go
ahead
and
introduce
yourself
and
you
can
proceed.
G
Perfect,
thank
you
chair
watts.
Again,
my
name
is
bob
mcgill,
I'm
the
administrator
for
the
nevada
division
of
state
parks.
As
you
can
see
on
the
the
screen
there.
The
mission
of
nevada
vision,
state
parks
is
to
develop
and
manage
nevada's
system
of
parks
and
recreation
areas,
contribute
to
vibrant
economy
and
protect
against
big
areas
of
scenic
historic
and
scientific
importance.
Basically,
we
get
to
take
care
of
all
the
cool
stuff
and
make
sure
that
it
sticks
around
for
generations
to
come
so
this
slide.
G
This
is
I'm
not
going
to
dig
into
deep
on
this.
This
is
a
general
kind
of
overview
of
of
what
we
are
and
what
we
do.
I
I
believe
everybody
on
the
committee
is
seeing
this
particular
slide
before,
but
we
have
27
parts
four
regions
we
recently
started
actually
managing
the
total
basin
as
its
own
region.
It's
it
was
kind
of
unofficially
a
region,
but
we
now
actually
have
a
regional
manager
there.
So
it's
finally
functioning
in
that
capacity.
G
We
do
interpret
events
and
basically,
our
primary
goal
right
there
is
to
provide
affordable
family
recreation.
That
kind
of
sums
it
up
so
moving
on
this
slide
just
shows
I'm
going
to
kind
of
dig
in
a
little
bit
more
granularly
on
the
direct
impacts
of
climate
change
to
our
state
parks
and
where
you
can
see
that
some
places
it's
hard
to
see
and
and
as
I'll
kind
of
explain
it
has
varying
impacts.
It
can
actually
increase
visitation
and
it
can
decrease
visitation.
So
it's
a
little
all
over
the
place.
G
As
you
can
see,
though,
the
overall
trend
in
outdoor
recreation
is
increasing
and
that's
a
nationwide
trend,
not
just
here
in
nevada
parks
and
just
outdoor
recreation
in
general
are
becoming
more
popular.
There's
more
people
going
outside
you'll
see
the
drop-off
there
in
2020
and
in
2021,
that's
more
coveted
related
than
it
is
specifically
climate-related,
but
there
are
some
impacts
that
kind
of
overlap
there.
G
So
when
we
dig
into
specific
parks
a
little
bit
later
on
I'll
make
that
a
little
bit
more
more
clear,
but
I
drop
off
in
2020
have
more
to
do
with
parks
actually
being
closed
because
of
kobe
and
limitations
that
we
put
on
on
capacities.
G
So
without
move
on
this.
So
long
is
a
part
that
you
can
really
clearly
see
the
impacts
of
a
climate
on
a
park.
So
lahontan
is
a
water-based
recreation
park,
so
you
can
see
that
our
visitation
out
there
definitely
follows
water
levels
right.
So
2015
was
a
terrible
water
here
when
there's
no
water
out
there,
people
just
aren't
going
to
go
out
there
and
recreate
so
this
visitation
trends
is
very
atypical,
of
course,
of
all
of
you
when
you
compare
it
to
all
of
our
other
parts.
G
But
it's
it's
super
clear,
the
the
impacts
of
drought.
If
you
will,
when
you
look
at
a
at
a
place
like
long,
the
the
reservoir
holds
water.
So
up
until
the
irrigation
season
starts,
you
can
depend
on
a
certain
amount
of
water,
so
we'll
get
some
visitation
early
on.
But
if
there's
not
enough
water
to
last
throughout
the
course
of
the
summer,
as
that
water
is
being
used
for
irrigation
purposes,
then
recreation
really
drops
off.
G
Sand
harbor
has
kind
of
been
one
of
those
parks
that
the
shoulder
seasons
kind
of
drive
visitation.
So
during
the
summer
months
that
san
harbor
fully
full,
you
can
only
fit
so
many
people
into
sand
arbor.
So
when
the
gates
close,
the
gates
close,
we
stay
pretty
much
full
from
may
through
september,
but
once
you
get
into
those
shoulder
seasons,
if
there's
a
heavy
snow
here,
then
visitation
kind
of
drops
off,
because
people
can't
get
into
the
park
or
the
activities
that
are
there
are
more
limited
because
of
the
snowfall.
G
But
if
it's
really
beautiful
fall
and
spring
days,
then
people
will
go
there
and
that
kind
of
expands
our
busy
season
up
there.
So
the
shoulder
seasons,
kind
of
drive
visitation
to
santa
harbor
to
a
large
degree.
G
This
shows,
though,
a
pretty
significant
or
very
direct
impact
to
visitation
with
things
such
as
catastrophic
wildfire
so
august.
This
shows
just
a
visitation
for
the
months
of
august
and,
as
you
can
see
in
2021
when
we
had
to
close
of
sand
harbor
because
of
the
smoke
that
that's
a
very
significant
drop
in
visitation,
our
presentation
would
have
been
trending
up.
2020
took
a
hit
again
because
of
cobit,
but
even
with
that,
comparing
the
visitation
when
we
had
the
basin
full
of
smoke
and
happened
to
actually
close
the
park.
G
So
the
next
couple
of
slides
are
going
to
show
parts
that
are
a
little
bit
less
affected
by
climate
change
parks
like
federal
gorge.
There
is
no
there's,
no
water-based
recreation.
There.
People
just
go
there
to
just
do
your
more
typical
camping
outdoor
recreation
types
of
activities
we
I
actually
was
going
to
use
this
slide
to
show
the
impacts
of
severe
flooding
issues,
because
cathedral
gorge
has
been
impacted
by
catastrophic
floods.
The
problem
is
our
staff.
G
Is
our
staff
are,
is,
or
are
whichever
one
appropriate
really
good
at
what
they
do,
so
we
were
able
to
get
in
and
rescue
people
that
were
like
trapped
in
the
campground.
Get
them
out
go
back
in
and
clean
up
all
of
the
damage
that
was
done.
G
While
we
had
to
have
the
campground
closed
and
have
that
back
open
within
a
week,
so
it
didn't
impact
our
visitation
as
much
as
I
was
hoping
it
would
show
on
this
slide
here,
but
that
I'll
show
you
that
that
is
one
of
our
challenges
towards
the
end
of
this
presentation.
We
have
the
staff
that
we
have
are
great,
but
there's
not
enough
of
them
and
the
equipment
that
they
have
is
getting
older
and
so
are
the
facilities.
G
But
anyway,
this
shows
that
some
of
our
parks
don't
have
a
real
direct
correlation,
their
visitation
doesn't
to
climate,
and
it
just
kind
of
shows
that
that
upper
trend
of
visitation
in
outdoor
recreation
over
the
years,
our
valley
of
fire,
is
similar.
People
just
love
to
go
there.
So
the
the
visitation
drop
off
here
is
again
a
hundred
percent
because
of
covey
the
cova
pandemic.
G
That's
in
2020,
we
were
forced
to
close
valley
fire
for
three
months
during
its
busiest
part
of
the
season
and
obviously
that
just
devastated
our
visitation
at
that
part
and
what
hasn't
come
back
yet
at
valley
of
fire,
the
typical
day
user,
visitation
and
the
campers
have
all
come
back,
but
the
international
travel
has
not
so
that
we
would
have
exceeded
and
probably
hit
the
million
visitor
target
if
it
wasn't
for
the
impacts
of
covet,
because
the
our
our
day
use
numbers
are
pretty
much
the
same,
but
we're
not
getting
the
international
tour
buses
that
we
used
to
get,
and
so
that's
tens
of
thousands
of
people
that
we're
not
getting
anymore
with
the
current
kind
of
state
of
international
travel.
G
So
without
our
this
is
just
kind
of
shows
the
challenges
that
the
division
is
facing.
Right
now,
like
I
said,
with
the
the
impacts
that
the
climate
change
is
having
is
expanding
those
those
shoulder
seasons.
G
So
we
used
to
be
able
to
staff
around
about
a
three
to
three
and
a
half
four
month
busy
season,
and
now
our
busy
season
is
almost
non-existent
in
certain
parts
parks,
lake
valley
of
fire
just
stay
busy
all
year
round.
Parks
up
in
lake
tahoe
are
finding
themselves
in
that
same
boat
that
they
they
need
staffing
levels
year
round,
because
it's
no
longer
just
a
seasonal
opportunity
for
people
up
there.
They
find
ways
to
get
outside
of
recreation.
Year-Round!
G
G
So
clearly,
the
majority
of
the
work
that's
being
done
on
the
ground
is
being
done
by
seasonal
workers
and
when
the
seasons
are
over
you're,
not
getting
the
help
to
fill
those
positions,
it's
getting
harder
and
harder
for
us
to
fill
those
positions
even
when
we
do
have
them,
because
when,
when
we're
paying
our
our
seasonal
employees,
you
know
12
to
13
dollars
an
hour
and
then
go
to
work
at
you
know
mcdonald's
for
16
an
hour
we're
having
a
hard
time
competing
in
that
market
anymore
and
then,
of
course,
the
the
increase
impacts
for
more
severe
storms.
G
I
guess
I
jumped
into
this
topic
already,
but
the
the
increased
maintenance
needs
in
order
to
keep
those
facilities
open
to
the
public.
It's
not
just
keeping
them
open
to
the
public.
We
do
a
pretty
good
job
of
that.
But
this
is
outdoor
recreation
is,
is
our
our
business
right?
G
We
we
depend
on
having
the
resources
there
for
people
to
want
to
come
utilize,
but
there's
also
a
definite
aesthetic
component
to
that
and
when
your
facilities
are
just
told
and
worn
out,
that
definitely
is
a
detraction
for
people
when
they
show
up
to
directly
and
again
with
resource
protection.
As
I
said,
there's
a
big
increase
in
visitors
going
out
to
our
parks
and
a
lot
of
these
people
are
first
time
outdoor
recreaters.
G
If
you
will-
and
they
just
don't
know
how
to
recreate
responsibly,
we
don't
have
a
lot
of
park
interpreters
to
get
that
message
out
to
people.
So
we
want
to
make
a
concerted
effort
to
get
that
message
out
to
people
start
going
to
schools
and
teaching
kids
how
to
go
out
and
recreate
so
when
they're
out
there.
Maybe
they
can
help
their
parents
to
know
how
to
do
that.
You
know
responsibly
and
the
same
with
invasive
species,
as
we
thought
of
earlier
on.
G
As
the
you
know,
a
lot
of
the
invasive
species
are
more
drought,
tolerant
than
than
some
of
our.
You
know
preferred
vegetation
fixation
we
like
to
have
around
and
we
don't
have
people
that
are
specific
to
doing
kind
of
that
invasive
species
control
other
than
at
a
couple
of
locations.
So
we
really
need
to
make
a
more
conscious
effort
to
focus
on
invasive
species
control.
G
Some
of
the
opportunities
available
to
us,
as
I
believe
some
of
you
are
aware
and
was
brought
up
earlier
under
the
whole
bond
program
to
conserve
nevada,
is
a
huge
opportunity
for
state
parks.
We
do
have
30
million
dollars
in
authority,
we
utilized
five
million
of
that,
so
we
still
have
25
remaining.
The
problem
is
25
million
dollars
and
go
that
far
when
you
start
looking
at
you
know,
the
visitor
center
needs
to
be
replaced.
There's
20
million
dollars
right
there.
G
So
it
seems
like
a
lot
of
money
and
we're
grateful
to
have
it,
but
it
doesn't
go
as
far
as
as
we
might
hope.
The
cid
program
also
assists
with
infrastructure
repair.
We
do
have
several
cip
projects
going
on
right
now
that
public
works
is
is
kind
of
spearheading.
For
us.
We
were
able
to
get
those
projects
funded
because
we're
able
to
use
some
land
and
water
conservation
prime
money
to
kind
of
make
that
money
go
further.
We
any
bond
money
that
we
do
get.
G
We
try
to
couple
with
land
water
conservation
fund
money.
In
order
to
get
the
most
out
of
that
money,
we've
tried
to
double
our
money,
basically
on
every
project,
and
then,
lastly,
you
see
on
the
list.
There's
private
sector
funding
we've
been
super
fortunate
to
have
partners
like
tahoe
fund,
who
recently
were
approached
from
a
group
that
wants
to
potentially
help
us
to
either
upgrade
our
current
visitor
center
down
valley,
attire
or
potentially
build
a
new
one.
G
It
looks
like
the
price
tag
for
a
new
one
might
be
a
little
too
steep
for
them
to
cover,
but
we
figured
it
was
worth
asking
while
we
were
operating
with
that.
Oh
we
got
more
stuff
on
that,
all
right,
so
the
I
guess
the
the
bond
fund
is
definitely
an
opportunity,
but
again
it
only
goes
so
far.
G
It's
intended
for
construction
projects,
but
we
have
tens
of
millions
of
dollars
worth
of
deferred
maintenance
projects
that
we
have
out
there,
and
so
we're
going
to
need
a
significant
amount
of
money
to
come
in
to
help
us
get
those
facilities,
as
I
said
not
just
back
to
functioning,
but
to
where
they're
aesthetically
attractive
for
for
visitors
as
they
show
up
and
in
areas
like
visitor,
like
visitor
center
valley
of
fire,
it's
not
that
it's
in
bad
shape,
but
it's
very
old
and
it
was
built
for
a
park
that
used
to
get
about
400,
000
visitors
a
year
and
now
gets
close
to
a
million,
and
virtually
every
visitor
that
goes
to
valley
of
fire
goes
through
the
visitor
center
at
point
at
some
point,
while
they're
there,
the
visitor
center
just
isn't
built
for
that
type
of
visitation.
G
I
already
touched
on
the
staffing
levels
honestly:
if
we've
got
a
new
position
to
mirror
every
position
that
we
have
in
the
state
right
now,
we
still
will
be
shorthanded
we
operate
on
a
skeleton
crew
would
would
be
wouldn't
even
do
it
justice
and
then,
as
I
said,
our
our
visitation
continues
to
grow
our
our
busy
season.
It
continues
to
expand,
but
our
operating
budget
stays
the
same.
G
So
we're
trying
to
clean
bathrooms
and
drive
around
the
park
to
make
sure
that
we're
taking
care
of
people
and
watching
people's
public
safety,
but
fuel
prices
have
gone
through
the
roof.
So
in
order
for
us
to
do
that,
that
means
there's
a
million
other
things
that
we
can't
do,
because
we're
putting
fuel
in
the
vehicles
and
our
fuel
budget
is
what
it
was.
G
You
know
six
seven
eight
years
ago,
so
it's
not
all
doom
and
gloom
we're
doing
a
good
job.
I
think
that,
generally
speaking,
our
visitors
are
very
happy,
but
we
we
would
like
to
do
a
lot
more
for
them
than
what
we're
able
to
do
right
now.
So
with
that
happy
to
answer
any
questions
that
you
guys
might
have,
so
thank
you
for
the
time.
A
Thank
you
very
much
to
both
of
you
for
the
presentations
very
much
appreciate
it
and
appreciate
all
the
hard
work
that
you're
doing
just
do
you
want
to
take
a
moment
to
address
some
of
the
the
staffing
concerns,
and
this
is
something
I
think
on
so
many
different
committees
and
bodies
that
we
sit
on
we're
hearing
about
these
issues,
and
you
know
it.
I
do
appreciate
them
being
raised
up
as
issues
here.
I
think
they're
really
issues
in
almost
every
level,
particularly
a
state
government.
A
Now
we've
heard
about
it
quite
a
bit
when
it
comes
to
public
safety.
You
know
we're
hearing
about
it
in
education,
we're
hearing
about
it
in
healthcare
and
and
so
appreciate
that
it's
also
an
issue-
and
you
know
with
with
our
state
parks
and
particularly
some
of
the
difficulties
in
recruitment
and
retention
in
in
some
of
our
rural
communities
and
thinking
through
ways
to
address
that
so
I'll
open
it
up
to
questions
from
our
members.
C
Thank
you.
I
have
a
question
for
mr
robertson.
You
made
a
statement.
I
wrote
it
down
in
nevada's,
precarious
position
and
climate
change.
C
We
are
0.71
of
the
entire
greenhouse
gas
emissions
for
the
whole
country,
and
so
I'm
trying
to
understand
what
is
this
precarious
position
that
we're
in
in
outdoor
recreation
or
nevada
as
a
whole?
I
I
listened
to
the
presentation
I
I
saw
the
things
related
to
droughts
and
certainly
how
that
affects
water
levels
and
and
and
fires
closing
some
of
our
parks
down.
But
can
you
elaborate
a
little
bit
more?
Why
it's
so
precarious?
G
I
had
some
colin
robertson
for
the
record.
I
would
say
that
the
purpose
really
is
looking
at
the.
G
For
example,
the
elevation
of
the
surface
level
of
lake
mead
has
dropped
by
north
of
150
feet
in
the
last
10
years
or
so,
and
those
kinds
of
drops
in
the
water
level
for
a
rec
from
a
recreational
standpoint
really
threaten
the
the
growth
and
importance
of
the
recreation
economy
in
nevada.
G
Given
that
large
number
of
visitors
who
are
going
to
lake
mead
on
an
annual
basis,
so
I
think
the
precariousness
comes
in
that
those
those
places
are
contributing
enormously
to
the
diversification
of
nevada,
the
overall
economy
throughout
the
recreation
and
that
becomes
threatened
when
water
levels
like
ethnic
need
are
dropping.
So
specifically,.
C
Thank
you
and
sure
if
I
could
just
follow
up
a
little
bit
yeah
and
we
and
we
discussed,
you
know
some
of
that
in
our
last
meeting-
that
these
levels-
lake
mead,
in
particular
on
the
colorado
river
and
just
some
of
the
other
things
that
are
going
on
in
southern
nevada.
C
One
of
your
slides,
though
I
I
guess
I'm
getting
mixed
messages
because,
certainly
with
all
we
want
tourism
and
we
want
that
that
outdoor
recreation
and
it
requires
people
to
drive
cars.
They
drive
boats
and
then
that
you
had
a
slide
about
lake
tahoe
and
for
every
10
degrees.
The
temperature
goes
up
100
degree
days,
get
800
more
car
trips
to
lake
tahoe
versus,
say
a
65
degree
day
in
sacramento,
almost
as
if
to
say,
hotter
temperatures
have
people
getting
their
cars
more
to
go.
Use
our
lakes,
of
course
that's
a
carbon
footprint.
C
So
I
guess
I'm
not
understanding
the
concern
is
offset
by
another
concern.
They
drive
their
cars
to
get
to
the
lake
and
we
want
tourism,
and
so
I
guess
this
is
more
of
a
statement.
I
I
just
want
to
I'll
wind
this
up.
I
know
you've
heard
from
me
enough
today,
everybody-
I
am
all
through
this
conversation.
C
C
Even
the
greatest
scientists
disagree
on
causation,
so
I
I
appreciate
we
need
to
have
the
discussion,
but
I
I
do
think
it's
disingenuous
to
try
to
make
claims
and
not
not
just
in
this
presentation
that
somehow
the
science
says
we
are
in
a
precarious
climate
culture
right
now
in
the
state
of
nevada,
with
.71
percent
of
carbon
emissions
or
greenhouse
gases,
and
yet
30
almost
30
percent
is
happening
in
in
china
and
maybe
that's
responsible
for
hurricanes
and
droughts.
C
C
I
just
have
to
get
on
the
record
that
I
think
we
need
to
be
careful
that
we
not
make
pronouncements
that
have
not
been
proven.
So
thank
you
very
much.
A
Thank
you
for
that
assemblyman
hanson,
and
I
also
just
want
to
make
the
record
extremely
clear
on
this,
because
this
is
the
second
meeting
that
this
has
come
up,
and
so
I
want
to
say
this
once
again
and
hopefully,
for
the
last
time
the
this
committee
is
looking
at
the
impacts
that
we're
seeing
of
a
changing
climate
and
the
the
data
that
we're
seeing
shows
that
we're
seeing
changes.
I
I
mentioned
this
again
earlier.
A
Yes,
the
the
modeling
varies
and
we
cannot
attribute
a
specific
wildfire,
a
specific
flood,
a
specific
impact
directly
to
the
changing
climate.
However,
I
do
want
to
be
extremely
clear
that
the
level
of
scientific
agreement
that
again,
that
certain
chemicals
cause
warming
in
our
our
climate,
that
humans
are
emitting
and
and
are
a
factor
in
increasing
those
emissions
it
it's
pretty
universal.
So
when
we
talk
about
the
impacts
and
again,
what
we're?
A
I
think
the
scientific
consensus
is
pretty
clear
that
we're
having
some
form
of
impact.
I
think
it's
you
know
important
that
we
recognize
that
humans
have
had
a
dramatic
impact
on
across
the
face
of
the
earth,
and
so
we
see
these
impacts.
Coming
and
again,
this
committee's
jurisdiction
is
not
dealing
with
emissions.
A
What
we're
dealing
with
is
the
fact
that
we're
seeing
an
increase
in
the
incidence
and
severity
of
drought
of
wildfire
of
extreme
heat
and
that
those
are
and
we're
hearing
this
not
only
again
from
the
public
perspective,
but
you
heard
earlier,
you
know
even
from
the
the
private
sector
they're
seeing
these
trends,
and
we
need
to
look
at
them
very
carefully
and
figure
out
what
we
can
do
to
to
to
think
about
them
to
plan
for
them
and
to
have
responses
in
place
that
make
sure
that
our
outdoor
recreation
industry,
our
agricultural
industry,
you
know,
and
our
communities
that
are
dependent
on
these
natural
resources
are
in
a
position
to
continue
to
survive
and
thrive
moving
forward.
A
And
that's
really
what
what
we're
trying
to
look
at
in
this
committee-
and
I
think
again
the
this
particular
presentation
is
looking
at.
As
you
said,
it's
a
a
complex
issue.
These
issues
are
complex
in
many
ways,
and
so
we
are
in
fact
seeing
that
hotter
temperatures
you
know
again
they
could
drive
people
away
from,
say
a
valley
of
fire
that
is
reaching
temperatures
of
115
degrees
or
more.
A
A
So
members
are
there
additional
questions
for
our
presenters
at
this
time?
Yes,
thank
you
for
waiting.
Mr
ellison
go
ahead.
B
Thank
you
and-
and
I
I
like
some
of
the
pictures
and
stuff
they're
absolutely
gorgeous,
but
I
gotta
I
got
a
couple
questions
and
either
or
both
can
can
answer
this.
B
You
know
I'm
looking
at
here
and
and
the
requests
that
you've
got
in
here
or
not
a
request,
but
you
talk
about
lack
of
er
of
funding
and
lack
of
finding
employment,
we're
all
we're
all
dying
there.
We
can't
get
people
to
work,
but
one
of
the
things
that's
going
to
ask
and
there's
nothing
in
any
of
these
presentations
for
a
long
time,
and
I'm
hoping
we
get
this
fines
like
littering
boating,
cleaning
up
water
mussels.
B
You
know
you
know,
there's
a
lot
of
trash
soda
out
there
and
I
pick
up
a
lot
of
garbage
all
the
time.
So
I
know
that
so,
but
there's
nothing
in
here
about
the
fines,
like.
I
know
a
lot
of
people
that
get
out
on
the
lake
to
get
fines
for
speeding
and
not
doing
the
right
things
about
having
the
right
certificates
and
this
kind
of
stuff.
But
you
know,
there's
there's
got
to
be
a
lot
of
money
collected
on
these
fines
and-
and
maybe
you
guys
can
hit
me
on
that.
G
Thank
you
for
the
question,
mr
ellison,
the
baltimore
administrator
state
parks
for
records,
the
fines
that
we
that
we,
when
we
write
a
citation
the
money
that's
collected
from
that,
does
not
go
to
the
state.
It
goes
to
the
county
where
the
citation
is
written.
I
believe
most
of
that
money
ends
up
going
to
education,
so,
but
we
none
of
that
revenue
actually
in
any
way
makes
its
way
back
to
us
and
and
frankly,
as
somebody
that's
written
citations
to
people
for
20
something
years.
G
I
prefer
it
that
way,
because
when
they
say
that
I'm
only
writing
them
the
ticket,
because
the
park
needs
money.
I
like
to
be
able
to
tell
them
in
complete
honesty
that
the
state
does
not
see
of
any
of
that
money.
So
it's
beneficial
to
us
in
that
regard.
To
not
have
the
money
come
back
to
us
in
any
way,
but
the
flip
side
of
it
is
we
get
that
money,
so
it
really
isn't
gonna
show
to
us
in
any
way.
So
hopefully
that
answers
the
question.
B
Mr
chair
go
ahead.
I
thought
that
just
like
the
high
patrol,
they
get
a
percentage
of
tickets
and
it
also
a
portion
goes
back
to
the
county.
What
they're
at,
but
I
thought
also
the
same
thing
happens
with
when
they
you
do
a
citation.
A
portion
of
that
goes
back
to
the
to
the
county
that
it
it
reginates
in,
but
I
thought
a
portion
that
goes
back
to
the
state.
A
All
right
seeing
none,
let's
see
it,
do
I
have
anything
else.
I
don't
think
I
have
any
other
questions
now.
I
just
appreciate
your
time
for
sharing
these
things
with
us
today,
including
some
of
the
the
recent
items
that
were
approved
from
the
interim
finance
committee
to
help
you
know,
support
the
resilience
of
our
outdoor
recreation
industry.
A
You
know,
I
think
you
also
mentioned
the
importance
of
outdoor
recreation
in
our
health,
and
I
think
that's
something
that
we'd
probably
like
to
loop
back
around
with
you
on
and
discuss
when
we
have
our
joint
meeting
to
evaluate
this
kind
of
intersection
of
of
health
and
environmental
issues.
So
again,
thank
you
so
much
for
your
time
and
with
that
we'll
move
on
to
our
final
presentation
of
the
day,
we
have
a
presentation
from
our
division
of
forestry
on
issues
particularly
related
to
wildfires.
A
J
Technical
difficulties
good
afternoon,
chair
members
of
the
committee
for
the
record,
kckc
state
forester
prior
one
for
the
nevada
division
of
forestry.
I
appreciate
being
here
today
to
talk
about
the
effects
we've
been
seeing
in
wildfire
over
the
last
couple.
Twenty.
J
Okay,
there
we
go
so,
as
has
been
talked
about
already
today.
You
know,
as
we
start
to
see
increased
temperatures
across
the
united
states.
We
see
this
altering
ecosystem
structure
and
function,
most
notably
by
altered
disturbance
regimes
talking
about
increased
wildfire
quantities,
frequencies
intensities
increased
mortality
from
insects
and
disease,
increased
duration
and
frequency
of
drought,
kind
of
coupled
with
these
these
years,
where
we
get
excessive
amounts
of
water
and
then
decrease
no
pack
where
we're
seeing
more
rain
than
snow
over
the
winter
months.
J
All
of
these
affect
ecosystems
and
and
what's
in
them
and
we'll
get
into
that
in
a
minute,
the
west
has
borne
the
brunt
of
the
wildfire
crisis
across
the
united
states,
though
I
don't
want
to
take
away
from
the
south
and
the
northeastern
states,
as
they
have
had
an
increase
in
fire.
Also,
when
we
talk
about
the
campfire,
the
calder
fire,
the
dixie
fire,
they
call
them
mega
fires,
they
call
them
gigafires
in
state
examples,
the
south
sugarloaf
and
the
martin
fire
huge
fires.
For
us.
J
J
It
is
extremely
unsafe
for
firefighters
and
we've
talked
before,
where
the
increase
in
the
frequency
and
the
quantity
of
these
fires
has
an
impact
on
firefighter
mental
health
as
well,
where
they
used
to
see
a
gigafire
or
a
megafire
once
in
a
career
they're
now
seeing
it
twice
or
three
times
in
a
year-
and
this
is
really
really
probably
part
of
our
reasoning
for
not
having
as
many
firefighters
or
the
capability
of
hiring
them
or
keeping
them
a
money
issue
which
we'll
talk
about
later,
but
also
just
the
mental
health
impacts.
J
Many
are
going
into
different
fields
because
it
is
very
challenging.
One
of
the
things
that
was
discussed
earlier
is
development
in
the
wild
urban
interface.
The
five-year
average
of
structure
loss
in
wildfires
across
the
west
in
2014
was
about
2800
structures
in
2020
that
rose
to
12.
255
structures
lost.
That's
a
four-fold
increase
over
six
years.
J
You
guys
have
seen
this
graph
before
we
update
it
almost
every
year,
just
to
kind
of
show
that
there
are
two
trends
in
this
that
are
a
little
bit
concerning
to
us
from
a
fire
perspective
in
the
last
20
years.
Up
to
2002
nevada
has
burned
just
shy
of
9
million
acres,
which
averages
about
440
000
acres
per
year.
In
the
previous
20-year
average,
we
burnt
over
5
million
acres
and
we
were
averaging
about
264
000
acres.
J
What
you
see
here,
we
have
the
humboldt
river
overlay.
This
is
actually
indicative
of
most
of
our
waterways
across
the
u.s
or
across
nevada.
Sorry,
when
we
have
these
peak
wet
years,
we
tend
to
see
our
peak
wildfire
years
follow
and
that's
due
to
invasive
annual
fuels
that
grow
in
the
inner
spaces
which
cause
these
rapid
moving
fires
in
these
ecosystems.
J
What
you
saw
in
those
previous
20
years
is
1999
is
still
the
highest
recorded
year
of
acres
burned
in
the
state
of
nevada.
Just
shy
of
1.8
million
acres,
we've
repeated
over
a
million
acres
seven
times
in
the
last
20
years,
so
a
lot
more
frequent,
high-intensity
fires
than
we
had
seen.
Historically,
our
fire
season-
I
don't
even
think
we
call
it
this
anymore.
We
call
it
a
fire
year
has
increased.
J
J
The
second
picture
was
taken
just
last
year
of
the
same
area,
and
so
what
you
see
is
where
it
used
to
be
a
black
fresh,
dominated
site
with
wyoming,
big
sage
and
scattered
juniper
and
pinyon.
So
we
were
probably
a
phase
one
in
juniper
at
that
time,
we're
now
at
phase
three
opinion
juniper
with
very
little
understory
remaining
under
most
of
that.
This
causes
higher
intensity
fires
in
these
ecosystems
when
they
do
get
started.
J
We're
seeing
increase
in
in
second
disease
kill
because
these
trees
are
stressed
due
to
lack
of
water,
they're,
all
fighting
for
the
same
resources.
So
you
see
these
impacts
go,
grow,
greater
and
greater
in
these
ecosystems.
J
I'm
not
going
to
go
over
all
the
numbers,
but
you
have
them.
Should
you
wish
to
know
all
of
the
bugs
that
are
affecting
our
trees
in
the
in
the
state,
but
what
we
are
seeing
generally,
we
fly
the
state.
The
federal
and
state
agencies
fly
many
of
our
forested
areas
every
year,
covid
kind
of
put
a
damper
on
it,
so
we
didn't
have
numbers
from
2020,
but
what
we
were
seeing
generally
is
that
we
have
an
increase
in
insect
and
disease
kill
across
the
state.
J
J
Our
wildfire
statistics
across
the
state
we
focus
primarily
on
the
human
cause,
starts
as
we're
starting
to
see
a
whole
lot
more
human
cause
starts
here.
They
are
for
the
last
since
2012..
J
What
we're
seeing
on
a
five-year
average
is
that
human
cause
starts
at
about
57
of
the
overall
starts,
that's
across
all
jurisdictions
and
all
reportable
fires,
not
just
state
reported
fires,
and
then
48
of
the
acreage
human
caused
ignitions
can
be
started
from
a
multitude
of
things.
Obviously,
if
it's
natural
cause
fire,
it's
lightning,
usually
in
the
state
of
nevada,
earthquakes
can
start
fires
other
other
such
activities,
but
human
caused
ignitions
come
in
many
forms.
J
I
put
some
of
the
highest
frequency
ones,
you're,
seeing
here,
target
shooting
fireworks,
illegal,
campfires
or
campfires
that
haven't
been
properly
put
out
cigarettes
out,
the
window,
debris
burning,
arson
and
then
equipment
sparks
every
year.
We
are
looking
at
what
is
the
cause
of
these?
We,
the
collective
state
federal
local
government,
we're
looking
at
what's
causing
these
buyers
and
we
send
out
an
interagency
fire
prevention
team
across
the
state
to
try
to
target
the
message.
For
example,
target
shooting
is
is
a
big
cause
of
fires,
particularly
in
southern
nevada.
J
Who
may
not
be
aware
of
you
know
these
these
ecosystems
that
we
have
and
how
you
might
be
able
to
target
shoot
in
an
area
in
a
drought
year
where
we
don't
have
those
grasses
in
the
inner
space.
But
you
can't
do
the
same
activity
in
a
wet
year
when
we
did
have
a
lot
of
rain
or
moisture
in
the
spring,
causing
those
annual
grasses
to
grow.
J
What
are
we
doing
to
adapt
to
the
changing
wildfire
situation
across
the
west?
There's
a
lot
that
we're
doing
you
know
when
we're
looking
at
yeah
you've
heard
all
of
us
speak
to
increasing
the
pace
and
scale
active
management
across
the
highest
priority
areas.
Jennifer
ott
spoke
earlier
to
our
shared
stewardship
agreement.
J
This
really
is
looking
at
across
state
federal,
local
government,
private
partnerships.
How
do
we
take
our
limited
resources
and
funding
and
and
place
them
in
the
highest
priority
areas
where
we're
going
to
have
success
in
changing
that
ecosystem
and
reducing
the
risk
of
fire
in
those
ecosystems?
J
So,
since
we
have
the
shared
stewardship
agreement
in
place,
we
have
had
an
annual
increase
over
the
last
two
years
of
47
treated
acres
in
the
state
of
nevada.
That's
47
average
each
year
since
it
started.
So
we
are
making
an
effort
to
try
to
get
more
done
out
there
and
really
focus
our
efforts
in
the
highest
priority
areas
where
we're
going
to
see
fire
walk
come
through.
J
One
of
the
things
we
have
to
recognize
is,
as
land
managers
we're
looking
at.
Historically,
we
were
looking
at
how
to
take
these
these
ecosystems
back
to
what
it
was
100
years
ago.
Now
we're
looking
at
what
is
this
going
to
look
like
100
years
from
now?
We
can't
do
the
same
treatment
we
might
have
done
20
years
ago,
so
we
have
to
look
forward.
We've
got
invasives
that
come
in
directly
following
we've
got
other
issues,
so
we
have
to
start
looking
at
what
does
this?
What
in
this
hotter
warmer
climate?
J
How
can
we
have
an
impact
in
these
ecosystems
just
for
an
exciting
piece
of
news?
In
2021
we
treated
more
acres
than
we
burned
in
the
state
of
nevada.
We
got
lucky
and
when
we
knocked
on
some
wood,
it
was
a
drought
year.
We
didn't
have
a
huge
fire
season
in
the
state
of
nevada,
like
unfortunately,
california
did,
but
we
have
been
greatly
increasing
that
treatment
together.
State
federal
local
government,
private
industry
and
we've
really
been
increasing
our
efforts.
J
One
of
the
other
areas
we're
focused
on
is
fire
adapted
nevada
are
creating
fire
adapted
communities,
making
sure
that
the
infrastructure
that
we
build
in
places
is
able
to
withstand
fire
we're
never
going
to
get
rid
of
it,
but
the
rising
cost
of
fire.
As
you
heard
earlier,
the
rising
cost
of
wildfires
can
be
directly
correlated
to
the
increase
in
housing.
We
have
in
this
in
these
high
and
extreme
areas
for
wildfire.
J
So
one
of
the
things
we
need
to
look
at
is
building
codes,
making
sure
that
we're
adopting
and
putting
in
place
the
wildland
urban
interface
building
code
standards
for
wildfire,
and
that
is
done
at
the
county
level.
The
state
also
has
adopted
the
willy
code,
but
minus
the
building
section,
and
I
think
one
of
the
things
that's
critically
important
is
educating
homeowners
on
what
they
can
and
can't
shouldn't
be
doing
and
can
be
doing
to
safely
protect
their
homes,
but
then
also
looking
at
developments
before
they
go
in.
J
It
is
much
easier
for
us
to
treat
the
forest
or
the
rangeland
prior
to
homes
or
somebody's
favorite
tree
being
in
place.
Then
afterwards.
Obviously
one
of
the
things
we
have
we
are
always
looking
at
as
an
industry
is:
how
do
we
expand
all
the
tools
in
the
toolbox,
we're
looking
at
different
and
more
effective
ways
to
fight
wildland
fire
and
we're
looking
at
different
and
effective
ways
to
treat
these
landscapes?
J
We
need
all
of
those
tools
in
the
toolbox.
We
look
at
things
like
prescribed
fire.
It's
very
critical
in
some
of
these
ecosystems
that
were
dependent
upon
fire
to
recreate
and
to
sustain
an
understory
that
could
carry
fire
through
it,
that
we
mimic
fire's
natural
role
and
put
fire
back
on
these
landscapes.
So
there's
a
lot
we
can
do
and
all
of
those
tools
need
to
be
in
the
toolbox.
J
We
have
the
state
of
nevada
division
of
forestry
working
with
all
of
our
partners.
Federal
state
local
government
has
come
up
with
a
plan,
a
forest
action
plan
that
we
have
on
our
website.
It's
available
to
everyone,
and
we
do
have
a
climate
section
on.
How
can
we
impact
climate
change
in
these
environments?
J
One
of
the
juxtapositions
of
forestry
work
is,
you
know,
you're
trying
to
thin
a
forest
and
you're
also
trying
to
keep
carbon
we're,
trying
to
make
sure
that
forests
can
be
both
sinks
and
stocks.
I
don't
know
if
that's
the
right
word,
but
because
you've
got
these
large
mega
fires
that
are
taking
out
large
amounts
of
trees,
usually
replaced
by
something
that's
flashier
and
burns
more
often.
J
We
need
to
maximize
sustainable
carbon
volumes
in
ecosystems.
This
really
means
active,
active
management
of
our
ecosystems,
making
sure
that
we're
thinning
for
us
to
where
it
can
withstand
fire
coming
through
that
we're
rehabilitating
and
restoring,
as
often
and
as
quickly
as
we
can
to
try
to
get
ahead
of
in
annual
invasive
species,
we're
trying
to
make
sure
that
we
are
keeping
erosion
control
at
bay.
J
J
We
are
trying
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions
from
catastrophic
wildfires
and
land
management
activities,
so
everything
that
we're
looking
at
obviously
catastrophic
fire
has
a
huge
impact
on
these
emissions.
Nevada
was
a
great
example.
Last
year
we
had
many
many
days
weeks
more
than
we
had
ever
seen:
air
quality
that
was
exceeding
standards
and
and
it
was
unsafe
to
go
outside
so
that
actually
caused
our
fire
season
to
be
a
little
bit
less,
but
it
didn't
help
for
wanting
to
go
outside
or
have
outdoor
recreation.
J
So
when
we
do
these
large-scale
forest
treatments
or
range
treatments,
we're
really
looking
to
try
to
reduce
the
loss
and
the
catastrophic
nature
of
wildfires
in
those
ecosystems-
and
this
is
a
change
we've
had
to
to
do
over
time
too,
from
a
science
perspective
is
looking
at.
How
wide
does
our
fuel
break
have
to
be?
How
large
is
the
area
which
we
need
to
treat
in
order
to
slow?
J
Most
fires
that
are
going
to
come
through
this
ecosystem-
one
of
the
other
things
we
are
doing
in
the
state,
is
facilitating
programs
for
the
utilization
of
biomass.
I
don't
think
it
will
surprise
anyone
to
know
that
we
don't
have
very
many
of
those
across
the
state
of
nevada
and
that's
one
of
our
biggest
challenges
as
land
managers
is.
J
What
do
we
do
with
all
of
this
green
waste
that
is
coming
off
of
these
projects,
and
so
an
example
is
the
the
one
megawatt
biomass
facility
here
in
carson
city,
though
it's
small,
all
of
these
small
pieces
put
together,
actually
make
a
big
difference
in
being
able
to
take
that
say
the
trees
out
of
the
tahoe
basin
and
and
utilize
them
to
sequester
carbon.
But
you
need
mills,
you
need
biochar
facilities.
We
can
use
them
for
making
building
materials.
There's
a
lot
that
we
can
do.
J
We
don't
have
a
lot
of
timber
in
the
state
of
nevada,
that's
sold
and
makes
money
as
timber,
so
we
are
still
looking
at
what
are
you
doing
opinion
juniper
for
us
to
utilize
that
biomass
in
a
way
that
also
produces
green
energy
and
then
one
of
the
things
we
always
have
to
do
in
all
of
our
line
of
work
is
support
research
and
make
sure
that
we
are
providing
education
to
the
public
to
other
land
managers
to
everyone
on
how
can
what
are
the
best
treatments
that
we
can
do
and
how
do
we
match
our
treatments
to
the
current
trends
in
the
environment.
J
One
of
the
things
that
we
look
at
the
interim
study
concerning
wildfires
in
the
2020
2019
yeah
2019
by
one
of
the
things
we're
always
looking
at,
is
to
make
sure
that
policy
is
current
and
that
the
things
that
we
can
do
are
not
hindered
by
our
own
policies
and
procedures.
J
So
I'm
going
to
hit
on
those
the
80-85
was
an
expansion
of
not
just
weeds
that
historically,
where
this
is
actually
under
the
department
of
adam's
jurisdiction,
but
where
things
like
cheatgrass
that
had
become
well
established
in
areas
already
were
not
able
to
be
managed
by
a
state,
quarantine
officer.
This
does
allow
that
designation
and
it
also
allows
us
to
designate
noxious
leads
in
specific
locations
rather
than
across
the
entire
state.
J
The
80-86
authorized
local
government
to
recover
wildfire
suppression
costs
the
state
had
that
authority
already
in
statute.
The
local
government
did
not.
So
if
a
fire
is
negligently
caused,
there
can
be
some
ability
to
try
to
recoup
costs
from
the
person
who
caused
it
80-84.
I
skipped
that
one
sorry
was
to
increase
the
or
the
ability
for
the
state
forces
to
enter
into
public-private
partnerships
specifically
to
reduce
catastrophic
wildfires
in
nevada.
J
Ab-100
made
a
multitude
of
changes.
Some
of
them
were
just
codifying
existing
things
like
the
nevada
fire
board
of
directors,
which
is
a
state
federal
local
government,
private
industry,
partnership,
where
we
are
constantly
looking
at
what
we
all
have
for
response
and
how
we
can
better
help
each
other,
both
from
a
response
perspective
and
an
implementation
perspective.
J
That
will
actually
directly
affect
how
fire
goes
in
and
hopefully
reduces
the
cost
of
wildfires
in
those
areas
over
time,
and
it
codifies
shared
stewardship
practices,
making
sure
that
we
are
all
working
together.
Our
land
ownership
is
such
a
checkered
board
of
state
federal
local
government
private
that
it.
The
way
that
the
state
is
built
up
requires
us
to
work.
J
Very
closely
together,
the
other
thing
it
did
was
authorize
the
creation
of
an
insurance
incentive
program
relating
to
wildfire,
and
we
have
had
multiple
meetings
to
talk
with
the
insurance
industry
and
on
what
that
might
look
like,
as
you
heard
from
an
earlier
presenter,
it's
a
different,
difficult
challenge
to
get
their
hands
around.
Insurance
is
just
starting
to
figure
out
what
these
losses
are
and
how
you
might
quantify
that
into
an
incentive
program,
because
most
incentive
programs
are
individual
based.
J
But
in
this
case
you
need
a
community
to
act
and
you
also
need
the
people
outside
of
the
community
to
act,
and
so
we
are
still
working
on
what
that
might
look
like
for
the
state
of
nevada.
J
And
thank
you
for
your
time
today
and
with
that
I
would
be
happy
to
take
any
questions.
A
Thank
you
very
much,
miss
casey
for
that
that
update
and
overview
with
that,
we'll
open
it
up
to
members
for
questions.
C
Thank
you
chair
and
thank
you
miss
casey
for
being
here.
It
was
very
informative,
just
two
questions
and
you
I
think
you
might
have
mentioned
it,
but
my
my
air
pod.
I
had
to
switch
them
out.
It
went
dead.
Could
you
elaborate
a
little
bit
more
on
your
one
slide
about
mitigation,
facilitate
programs
for
the
utilization
of
biomass?
J
So
thank
you
for
the
question
assemblywoman
hanson
again
for
the
record
casey
casey.
Yes,
the
utilization
of
biomass
is
critically
important
in
how
we,
how
we're
able
to
actually
take
more
out
of
our
forests
and
and
not
necessarily
range,
but
but
it
could
be,
and
because
we
don't
have
any
facilities
like
the
state
of
california,
has
multiple
meals.
J
Historically
for
the
tahoe
basin
and
along
the
sierra
front,
we
actually
did
haul
that
timber,
which
was
merchantable
over
to
the
state
of
california,
unfortunately
or
fortunately,
they're
full,
because
they
have
enough
trees
with
the
recent
burn
scars
and
the
amount
of
treatments
that
they
need
to
do.
They
can't
take
anything
from
the
state
of
nevada,
so
we're
starting
to
look
at
sustainable
industry
that
could
either
mill
would
turn
it
into
power.
J
J
So
those
though
they
seem
small,
like
a
one
megawatt
facility,
isn't
going
to
solve
every
problem
in
the
tahoe
basin,
but
it
is
necessary.
Multiple
of
these
things
are
necessary
across
our
landscapes
and
sustainably
necessary,
so
that
we
can
continue
to
haul
as
much
as
we
need
to
out,
and
we
just
don't
have
any
other
industry
to
rely
on
anymore.
C
Thank
you
yeah.
That's
a
huge
supporter
of
that
and
hope
we
can
make
some
inroads
and
being
able
to
do
that
here,
maybe
in
our
own
state
and
the
second
question
I
just
wanted
to
make
sure
I
if
I
recall
this
last
year,
even
though
we
had
a
ton
of
smoke,
it
was
one
of
the
worst
years
that
I
recall
growing
up
around
here
for
such
an
extended
period
of
time
in
northern
nevada.
C
The
smoke
was
so
bad
and
I
think
you
said
it
nevada
kind
of
dodged,
a
bullet
and
that
we
didn't
have
a
lot
of
large
wildfires.
C
J
Yes,
thank
you
and
again
for
the
record.
Casey
casey
yeah,
most
of
the
smoke
that
we
were,
we
were
seeing
in
the
state
of
nevada,
came
from
the
state
of
california,
obviously
in
their
their
large
fires
that
were
happening
in
the
state.
So
it
was,
I
guess,
maybe
fortunate
or
unfortunate
for
us,
because
some
of
that
smoke
impact
kind
of
cooled
us
down
a
little
bit
too
and
and
helped
us
not
to
have
such
a
fire
season.
So
we
had
when
we
look
at
predictions.
J
Every
year
the
national
interagency
fire
center
pulls
predictions
of
what
fires
are
going
to
look
like
based
on
fuels
and
climate
and
air
conditions,
air
quality
heat
all
of
those
things
we
kind
of
have
looked
at
it
last
year,
and
we
we
anticipated
a
smaller
fire
season,
based
on
the
lack
of
grass
growth
in
the
inner
spaces.
We
had
a
lot
of
snowpack
that
actually
held
that
grass
down
at
lower
elevations.
I
am
a
little
concerned
about
this
year
as
we
start
to
head
into,
so
it
is
very,
very
dry.
J
We
don't
see
a
lot
of
new
grass
growth
unless
we
get
a
wet
spring,
but
we
didn't
also
get
that
lower
level
snowpack
to
hold
it
down.
So
we're
a
little
bit
more
concerned
this
year
than
we
were
going
into
last
year,
but
every
year
we
have
the
potential
for
a
large
fire.
C
You
know
in
in
in
the
forest
space.
Thank
you
so
much.
F
Go
ahead.
Thank
you,
mr
chair,
and
more
of
a
comment
again.
Thank
you
casey
for
casey
casey,
for
your
presentation
and
and
clearly,
if
it
doesn't
change,
we
won't
have
much
of
a
fire
season
this
year.
There's
nothing
out
there
to
burn
other
than
some
dry
strands
and
sagebrush
it's.
It
is
going
to
be
bad.
I
guess
I'm
still.
F
J
Thank
you
senator
gomez,
again
for
the
record
casey
casey.
Yes,
we
are
always
concerned
about
initial
attack
and
how
we're
going
to
get
there
quickly.
We've
beefed
up
local
government
assets.
I
think
we've
talked
before
before
this
committee
or
for
various
members,
our
partnership
with
nb
energy.
J
We
created
170
firefighting
positions
at
local
government
entities,
so
we
have
greatly
increased.
Unfortunately,
at
the
same
time,
the
state
or
the
nevada
division
of
forestry
saw
a
decrease
in
our
camp
crews
across
the
state
actually
due
to
inmate
numbers
covid.
All
of
that
I
was
actually
happy
to
say
that
we
got
a
couple
20
back
in
ely.
This
was
a
big
win
for
doc
and
nbf.
Actually,
today
they
are
going
back
in
so
we
will
have
a
fire
crew
running
out
of
ely.
J
Again
we
have
other
fire
crews
across
the
state
that
will
be
providing
that,
but
we
are
also
looking
at
other
assets
right
now.
Currently,
a
super
super
super
contract
is
flying
a
call
when
needed
super
super
contract
at
the
state
level
we're
also
looking
at
flying
a
seat
contract.
At
the
state
level.
J
We
have
created
a
crew
of
seasonals
that
we're
trying
to
see
if
we
can
hire
currently
with
some
seasonal
positions
that
we
had
vacant
where
we're
going
to
in
place
of
the
we're
going
to
take
two
conservation
crew
supervisors
who
ran
inmate,
crews,
historically
and
they're,
going
to
run
a
seasonal
crew
of
firefighters.
So
we
are
trying
to
beef
up
our
initial
attack
forces
to
match
the
fire
season,
we're
going
to
have
in
different
ways
than
we
have
before
our
our
fear
a
little
bit
and
today
we're
doing
interviews
for
our
seasonal
firefighters.
J
So
I'm
hopeful
that
we
will.
We
will
get
enough
to
fill
our
crews.
That's
our
fear,
always
is
everybody's
hiring.
At
the
same
time,
there
are
a
lot
fewer
folks
applying
for
this
type
of
work,
so
we're
hopeful
that
we
can
fill
all
of
our
seasonal
positions
across
the
state.
I
remain
hopeful
that
that
will
happen.
A
I
have
a
couple
one.
You
know.
I
know
that
this
conversation
has
been
had
in
the
past
and
has
been
of
particular
interest
to
some
of
the
members
on
this
committee,
and
I
understand
that
it
may
not
be
as
much
of
an
issue
right
now,
given
some
of
the
the
conditions
out
on
the
range
but
could
and
that
there's
a
federal
component.
J
Thank
you
for
the
question,
sir
watts
again
for
the
record.
Casey
casey,
so
targeted
brazing
is
definitely
one
of
the
tools
in
the
toolbox.
They've
done
right
grazing
can
be
a
great
benefit
to
fires
and
how
they
move
through
ecosystems.
J
So
the
federal
agencies
obviously
have
more
control
over
that
they're.
The
ones
issuing
the
permits
to
the
permatease,
but
they
actually
have
done
a
pilot
program
within
the
state.
Looking
at
how
targeted
grazing
can
be
used
effectively
for
wild
firemen,
not
just
wildfire
management,
but
also
invasive
species
management,
like
the
management
of
cheat
crash
directly
following
fires,
a
lot
of
the
the
permit
process
actually
disallowed
for
that,
historically,
where
they
would
take
cattle
off
the
range
five
years.
J
Some
it
was
two
years,
but
it
would
end
up
being
five
plus
years
because
of
the
conditions
being
out
there
and
and
that's
very
detrimental
actually
to
the
first
or
second
year,
growth
on
on
some
of
that
cheap
grass
in
those
areas.
J
So
so,
I
think
they're
fairly
far
in
getting
their
permitting,
is
a
little
bit
better
aligned
to
the
current
conditions
that
we're
seeing
and
those
pilot
projects
have
been
very.
Very
successful
within
the
state
looking
at
how
they
can
better
adjust
their
permitting
to
allow
for
that.
A
Thank
you
for
that.
I
really
appreciate
that
update
it's
good
to
hear
that
those
pilot
projects
were
successful,
and
this
is
just
yet
another
issue
of
of
making
sure
that
we
kind
of
stay
up
to
date
on
what's
happening
with
our
partners
in
the
federal
government
and
making
sure
that
we're
supporting
you
know
changes
as
needed
to
some
of
the
federal
processes
to
better
align
with
the
needs
of
our
state.
So
thank
you
for
that.
A
A
It
was
high
on
the
list
and
you
said
it
was
a
higher
up
on
the
sources,
but
if
you
could
just
provide
a
little
bit
more
on,
you
know
any
trends
you're
seeing
or
what
are
the
main
ignition
human
ignition
sources,
and
you
know
any.
You
talked
about
your
educational
response,
but
if
there's
anything
that
has
been
seen
in
terms
of
policy
responses
that
could
address
some
of
those
human
sources
of
ignition,
that
would
be
great.
J
Thank
you
for
the
question
chair
watts
again
for
the
record
case.
It
takes
you
challenged
over
here
again,
technologically
so
yeah
for
human
caused
ignitions.
The
trends
that
we're
seeing
is
definitely
an
increase
both
in
starts
and
in
acres
burned
by
human
cosmic
missions.
J
Traditionally
speaking,
lightning,
though
it
was
always
a
smaller
number
of
starts
actually
had
the
had
burned,
the
large
enough
larger
number
of
acres
proportionately
across
the
state,
and
we
are
starting
to
see
that
trend
shift.
We've
got
a
lot
more
people
out
there
recreating
so
there's
this
kind
of
balance,
and
we
just
have
a
lot
more
people
that
aren't
aware
of
the
ecosystem.
So
the
educational
campaign
is
a
big
piece
of
it,
but
the
policy
response
is
that's
a
great
question.
J
J
Historically,
the
blm,
the
foreign
service,
the
state
of
nevada
for
our
state
parks
and
state
lands,
we'd
go
in
separately
and
often
disjointedly,
so
I
would
be
banning
you
know,
target
shooting
and
welding
and
the
feds
would
not,
and
so
it
was
very,
very
confusing
to
the
general
public
and
to
people
who
were
coming
into
the
state
who
now
know
to
check
where
they're
going
and
what
restrictions
might
be
in
place.
J
J
So
that's
one
of
the
things
from
a
trending
perspective
from
starts.
It's
all
over
the
board,
and
we
it's
kind
of
varies
every
year
target
shooting
had
been,
has
been
an
issue
for
us
in
years
where
we
have
large,
cheap,
cheap
grass
growth
in
the
inner
spaces.
So
where
people
aren't
using,
you
know,
designated
shooting
target,
shooting
areas
and
they've
probably
shot
out
there
for
for
years
and
years
in
those
same
areas,
but
not
and
not
cause
the
fire.
J
So
it
that's
kind
of
why
we're
watching
trends
every
year,
one
of
the
big
ones
we've
seen
was
ignition
by
actually
mechanized
equipment,
we're
always
very,
very
cautious
when
we're
so
construction
sites
that
are
that
spark
a
fire
or
even
the
work
that
we're
doing
to
reduce
fire
risk.
So
in
the
hot
summer
months
you'll
see
us
have
water
tenders
or
water
capability
or
phone
capability,
even
on
site.
So
in
case
any
of
our
equipment
sparks
a
fire.
J
We're
able
to
immediately
attack
that
so
so
there's
a
lot
that
we're
doing
from
a
policy
perspective
just
really
trying
to
look
at
what
is
causing
these.
Like,
I
think,
20
years
ago
we
never
thought
to
send
a
water
tender
out
with
our
masticator.
We
definitely
do
every
time
when
we
get
over
80
degrees
or
we're
in
current
drought
conditions,
even
up
in
our
higher
elevations,
where
we
still
retain
a
snow
pack,
it's
very
very
dry.
So
we're
really
looking
at
all
of
these
things.
J
We're
constantly
looking
at
one
of
the
other
ones,
is
chains
dragging
behind
like
chain
trailer
chains
dragging
behind
that
cause
sparks
and
go
off.
So
one
of
the
big
things
that
we've
been
working
on
is
right:
aways,
both
for
our
electric
facilities,
looking
at
how
we
can
treat
underneath
them,
but
then
also
along
roadways.
J
So
when
you
drive
actually
up
the
i80
corridor,
you'll
see
a
lot
of
fuel
breaks
have
been
cut
in
along
the
sides
of
the
roads,
trying
to
make
sure
that
we,
if
we
have
those
scenarios
where
chains
are
dragging
it's
going
on
to
bear
dirt.
What
we
also
learned
a
long
time
ago
is
that
we're
not
really
successful
in
one
treatment
in
treating
a
lot
of
these
things,
you
can
mow
down
the
grass.
It
comes
right
back,
and
so
we
we've
been
using
herbicide,
large
scale.
Herbicide
applications
followed
it
up.
J
A
Great
thank
you.
I
appreciate
that.
Could
you
speak
a
little
bit
to
fireworks?
I
know
that
that's
also
an
interesting
topic,
because
there's
a
very
much
an
urban
component
to
that
which
probably
does
not
fall
under
your
jurisdiction,
but
also,
of
course,
there's
the
the
wildland
urban
interface
communities-
and
you
know
I
I
know
I
last
summer
I
was,
I
did
a
little
bit
of
traveling
by
car
and
saw
some
communities
where,
based
on
the
the
drought
conditions
there,
they
had
very
prominently,
restricted
fireworks
usage.
A
J
Yes,
thanks
again
for
the
question:
casey
casey
for
the
record.
Fireworks
are
an
issue
for
us
that
was
the
cause
of
one
of
the
largest
fires
in
nevada,
for
us
was
a
legal
use
of
fireworks,
we're
always
looking
at
where
fireworks
are
sold.
They're
not
sold
in
the
state,
usually
other
than
in
some
of
the
tribal
communities,
and
they
are
to
be
used
out
there
on
tribal
land
in
areas
devoid
of
vegetation.
J
But
we
see
them
all.
We
work
with
law
enforcement.
We
work
with
other
folks
who
who
actually
have
jurisdiction
over
those
sales.
The
state
fire
marshal's
office
has
seized
large
quantities
of
fireworks
coming
into
the
state
illegally.
So
we're
constantly
looking
at
how
do
we
reduce
that
risk?
But
for
us
this
is
really
more
of
an
educational
campaign
to
try
to
educate
people
on
what's
out
there
and
when
and
how
these
things
can
be
safely
used.
A
Great
thank
you
and
my
last
question.
Just
going
back
to
some
of
the
work,
that's
been
happening
in
fire
adapted
communities,
and
this
is
something
that
was
been
talked
about
throughout
the
meeting.
Can
you
just
give
us
a
quick
update
on
kind
of
how
how
that's
being
factored
into
kind
of
some
of
the
local
government
and
land
use
decisions?
A
So
we've
talked
about
some
of
kind
of
educational
resources
trying
to
develop
different
supports
and
resources
for
for
individuals
and
communities
to
to
make
these
improvements,
but
where's
kind
of
our
land
use
policies
and
helping
ensure
that
new
development
in
fire
prone
communities
is
kind
of
matching.
Some
of
the
best
practices.
J
Thank
you
for
the
question
chair
watts
again
for
the
record
casey
casey
most
of
the
land
use
policies
for
how
do
we
create
fire
adapted
communities
and
the
building
code
and
the
defensible
space
code.
Those
are
housed
in
the
wildland
urban
interface
code,
that's
adopted
at
the
local
government
level,
and
so
the
state
at
the
state
fire
marshal's
office
does
actually
adopt
at
the
state
level
as
well.
J
Most
of
that
code,
I
think
the
current
code
is
the
2018
approved
at
the
state
level
minus
the
building
code
section,
I
think,
that's
chapter
five
is
adopted
at
the
state
level,
so
counties
at
least
have
to
follow
those
restrictions,
but
they
can
be
more
restrictive,
and
so
many
of
the
local
government
entities
have
adopted
the
current
code
with
with
the
building
building
chapter
in
place.
So
that
means
that
if
there
are
new
construction
going
into
those
areas,
they
are
actually
meeting
a
fireproof
standard.
J
So
they're,
looking
at
roofing
they're,
looking
at
eaves
they're,
looking
at
siding
and
decking
they're,
making
sure
that
when
you
put
your
home
in
you've,
got
defensible
space
right
up
front.
That's
that's
really
where
those
those
policies
are
housed.
We
do
just
try
to
assist.
The
local
government
also
has
limitations
of
people
and
time
because
they
also
are
responsible,
for
you,
know,
house,
fires
and
car
accidents
and
all
kinds
of
other
assets.
J
So
this
is
one
of
the
things
that
we're
trying
to
do
is
help
them
out
with
defensible
space
inspections.
Looking
at
these
areas
of
high
risk
modeling
those
areas
and
then
trying
to
make
sure
that
that
those
codes
and
that
they
have
in
place
are
being
followed.
A
Right,
thank
you
so
much
for
that
all
right.
Thank
you
and
thank
you
for
entertaining
that
of
questions.
I
appreciate
it
members
any
final
questions
for
our
forrester,
fireward
and
yes,
go
ahead
to
someone
nelson.
B
Thank
you,
mr
chairman,
I
got
a
couple.
One
was
with
the
statistics
where
it
says:
nevada,
wild
horse
tactics
from
2012-21
isn't
90
of
them.
Fires
caused
by
lightning.
J
Thank
you
for
the
question.
Assemblyman
ellis
then
again
for
the
record:
casey
casey.
No
historically,
that
was
true.
It
was
more
cause
lightning
caused.
Actually,
I
think
they've
always
been
more
caused
by
humans,
but
we
are
definitely
seeing
an
increase
so
what
you're,
seeing
in
the
last
five
years,
I
think
I'd
have
to
find
my
slide
again,
but
it's
about
56
of
the
starts
are
caused
by
humans
and
then
about
47,
oh
48
percent,
I'm
very
close
of
the
acres.
B
Okay
and
then
follow
up,
if
I
may,
they
did
a
study
on
target
shooting
on
on
in
grassy
areas
in
rural
nevada
and
that
was
very,
very
low.
Fireworks,
that's
usually
caused
by
people
being
stupid,
shooting
fire
rockets
off
not
by
the
cities,
but
the
biggest
thing
we've
seen
is
the
biggest
fire
that
it's
been
lately
for
the
last
three
to
five
years
has
been
arson
started.
J
We
have
thank
you
again
for
the
question
casey
casey,
for
the
record.
We
have
seen
some
arson
fires
over
the
last,
obviously
full
forever.
We've
seen
arson
fires,
we've
seen
an
increase
in
arson
fires.
I
I
don't
think
I
could
state
with
any
confidence
that
that's
been
the
primary
cause.
However,
of
of
the
fires
across
the
state.
A
Thank
you
all
right.
Thank
you
very
much
all
right.
Seeing
no
other
questions.
Thank
you
again,
miss
casey
for
this,
this
detailed
presentation
and
update
again,
we
appreciate
it.
It's
it's
very
helpful
to
see
how
things
are
going
as
we
look
at
how
to
try
and
address
the
issue
of
wildfire
moving
forward
so
with
that
members.
A
A
And
press
the
pound
key
broadcast
and
production
services
staff
will
indicate
to
you
when
it's
your
turn
to
speak.
Please
remember
to
clearly
state
and
spell
your
name
and
limit
your
comments
to
three
minutes
and
then
again
we'll
just
mention
that
we
will
be
having
a
work
session
in
the
future
to
consider
recommendations
and
any
interested
parties
are
encouraged
to
provide
recommendations
to
us
by
completing
and
submitting
a
solicitation
of
recommendations
form
which
is
posted
to
this
committee's
web
webpage.
A
G
B
Speaking
on
behalf
of
the
sierra
club,
as
dr
average
pointed
out
in
her
presentation
at
the
beginning
of
the
session,
las
vegas
and
reno
are
both
among
the
top
three
fastest
warming
cities
in
the
united
states.
One
of
the
reasons
for
their
rate
of
warming
is
that
they
have
also
been
some
of
the
fastest
growing
cities
and
their
increased
geographical
footprints
have
significantly
contributed
to
their
warming
via
the
heat
island
effect.
These
two
metropolitan
areas
are
also
projected
to
continue
growing
and
so
without
intervention.
B
We
should
expect
these
areas
to
continue
their
present
warming
trend,
continuing
to
warm
at
a
faster
rate
than
our
country
as
a
whole.
At
the
same
time,
we
are
experiencing
concerns
about
the
availability
of
sufficient
water
in
both
metro
areas
and
the
crisis
in
available
housing
in
both
cities
as
well.
There
is
a
strategy
available
to
us
that
allows
for
population
and
economic
growth
in
these
communities,
while
minimizing
both
water
consumption
per
capita
and
minimizing
the
heat
island
effect.
B
This
is
by
creating
a
development
environment
that
encourages
vertical
and
infill
development
in
these
communities,
preferentially
over
metropolitan
sprawl
in
terms
of
water
use.
This
is
because
per
capita
water
use
is
significantly
lower
for
higher
density
living
than
for
sprawl
development
and
with
a
lower
aggregate
development
footprint,
the
urban
heat
island
effect
will
be
minimized.
Further.
We
heard
testimony
today
that
the
expanded
metropolitan
footprint
brings
with
it
more
exposure
to
losses
due
to
wildfires.
B
While
most
of
the
responsibility
for
land
development
in
nevada
is
administered
at
the
county
or
city
level,
the
state
can
and
should
enact
policies
that
support
responsible
and
sustained
development
at
all
levels,
and
I
would
encourage
them
to
do
so.
Effective
planning
for
sustainable
development
in
nevada
requires
changes
in
our
approaches
at
all.
Levels
of
government
and
overall
quality
of
life
will
be
higher
going
forward
if
we
prefer
infill
and
vertical
development
over
reckless
sprawl.
Thank
you.
A
Thank
you
very
much,
sir,
and
if
you
do
have
the
opportunity
and
have
any
written
remarks,
you
can
send
those
in
to
have
those
added
to
the
record
or
to
assist
our
staff
in
compiling
the
minutes.
Bps.
Can
we
move
on
to
the
next
caller
there?
The
line
is
open
and
working,
but
there
are
no
more
callers
at
this
time
all
right.
Thank
you
very
much.
That
concludes
our
meeting
for
today.
Our
next
meeting
will
be
on
monday
march
21st.
Thank
you
all
for
your
time.
This
meeting
is
adjourned.