►
From YouTube: Scaling the OSE 3D Printer to 1 Meter Print Bed Size
Description
In order to make a large printer, the Universal Axis can be used as is up to 1 meter in size. The frame can be enlarged correspondingly. Electronics need a larger external stepper driver such as the TB6600 - while using the same RAMPS based electronics. Heater elements can be scaled readily using nichrome wire-based heater elements.
See notes at
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A
Okay,
so
we
need
to
scale
in
a
scalable
scalable
design.
We
need
to
scale
a
few
things:
structure,
electronics,
primarily
and
also
how
fast
you're
able
to
print
with
it,
like
maybe
a
bigger
nozzle,
would
be
another
aspect.
You
want
a
one
on
scale,
so
the
concept,
let's
just
look
at
the
concept.
First,
just
the
main
considerations,
this
basics-
of
what
we're
trying
to
do,
some
of
you.
We
will.
We
have
the
capacity
to
double
or
multiply
axis
axis.
We
have
the
capacity
to
scale
them
on
the
universal
access
page.
A
We
actually
have
the
8
millimeter
version,
the
half-inch
version,
which
is
about
13
millimeters
and
the
1
inch
version
which
is
25
minute
or
so
or
so.
Millimeters.
Those
designs
are
already
downloadable
and
today
or
in
a
simplest,
build
of
up
to
say,
1
meter
we're
trying
to
push
the
limits
of
what
it
would
take
with
the
tiny
8
millimeter
rods,
because
from
experience
we
can
see
that
if
you
have
a
meter
length,
they
can
still
hold
force
pretty
well.
A
That
we've
built
up
just
an
example
of
a
2
foot,
2
square
foot,
bed
kind
of
a
printer
which
is
the
next
room
there,
that's
what
hasn't
been
finished,
but
the
structure
of
the
rods
is
good
enough.
Now,
if
it
isn't,
we
can
double
things
up,
so
you
can
piggyback
two
axes
together
to
get
simply
more
strength.
More
rods
means
more.
A
So
you
can
do
that
and
in
this
initial
implementation,
that
if
we
were
building
this,
we
would
try
to
just
simply
do
a
single
single
pair
of
axes.
If
we
find
that
hey.
This
is
maybe
just
wobbling,
for
example
too
much
when
we
actually
run
it.
You
know
you
might
you'll
see
those
kinds
of
things
in
actual
physical
motion.
You
know
that
a
slow
speed
I
mean
okay.
A
So
if
it
does
wobble
you
might
have
to
slow
down
to
speed
and
then
it
will
be
totally
fine
but
of
course,
for
high
performance,
you
want
to
increase
the
speed,
not
decrease
it
in
order
to
make
this
thing
work.
So
if
we
find
inadequate
performance,
we
would
double
up
the
axes
or
triple
them
or
project
believe
you
can
stack
them
piggyback
one
on
top
of
each
other.
You
can
stack
them
vertically
on
one
one
another.
So
there's
different
ways:
you
can
do
it
and
you
can
do
that.
A
A
You
can
put
more,
you
can
have
a
space
between,
or
maybe
you
have
like
double
double,
so
you
got
a
total
of
four
axes
or
maybe
whatever
it,
whatever
you
like,
or
maybe
put
them
all
together
in
a
sandwich
and
maybe
build
the
holder
for
the
extruder
around
that
so
different
ways,
you'd
like
to
go
for
symmetry,
because
that
makes
for
stable
form
like
humans.
We're
symmetric
right.
Trees
are
symmetric
in
some
way.
Symmetry
is,
in
general,
a
very
good
design
principle.
It
makes
things
easier.
A
That's
why
you
see
it
a
lot
in
nature
like
a
Sun
is
symmetric.
It's
a
ball
things
like
that
and
the
CMC
circum.
Then
we
have
two
axes
with
a
tool
head
in
between,
as
opposed
to
maybe
an
axis
with
a
tool
head
on
the
side,
which
then
gives
you
other
forces
that
you
have
to
deal
with
so
symmetry
good
design
principle.
A
So,
just
like
with
the
axes,
you
can
scale
them.
You
will
have
to
scale.
If
you
have
multiple
axes,
the
little
ramps
board
that
we
use
cannot
directly
handle
more
than
1
or
2
motors
/
stepper
driver
we've
seen
down
that
on
a-z
driver.
You
have
two
of
them.
You
have
two
of
the
z-axis,
so
we
already
know
that
a
simple
at
the
driver
on
the
board.
A
Now
we
want
to
use
the
ramps,
can
handle
two
of
the
small
NEMA
17
motors
okay,
but
we
probably
want
more
here,
especially
for
the
bed,
we're
talking
now
about
a
one
square
metre
bed.
It
starts
getting
into
some
weight,
so
you're
going
to
need
more
stepper
motors
more
than
the
the
ramps
itself
can
handle.
So
we
can
do
a
strategy
where
we
use
simply
and
stuff
plugging
in
the
small
below
stepper
drivers,
which
required
essentially
two
signals.
One
is
step
and
the
other
one
is
direction.
A
So
step
refers
to
how
how
many
turns
per
revolution
directions
like
forward
or
backwards.
Basically,
a
couple
of
signals
feed
to
the
to
the
stepper
well
to
the
stepper
driver
and
thence.
The
stepper
driver
feeds
four
wires
to
the
actual
stepper.
To
give
that
sequence
of
pulses
that
magnetize
the
rotor
and
a
according
sequence.
A
Steel
is
a
good
deal
for
this.
Okay,
so
I'll
go
back
to
the
document
of
1
1
meter
printer.
It's
just
some
of
the
conceptual
considerations.
So,
let's
go
through
each
element,
so
frame
frame
build
for
the
scale
of
of
a
1
meter.
You
want
to
go
with
something
like
1/8
inch
by
2
inch.
Steel
bar
sides
would
be
42
inches
to
fit
a
36
inch
bed.
A
So
you
want
a
little
bit
more
area
around
the
bed,
first
of
all,
to
fit
the
bed
and
then
to
accommodate
the
fact
that
the
taxis
have
a
certain
width
so
about
six
inches
on
all
the
printers
I've
used
right
now.
If
you
have,
for
example,
a
14-inch
frame,
you
can
fit
an
8
inch
bed
in
there,
so
minus
6
inches,
so
42
minus
6
is
36
and
do
not
use
angle
iron.
A
In
this
situation,
we
find
that
through
experience
that
it's
much
better
to
weld
six
flat
sides
then
lay
them
up
into
a
six
sided
cube
because
of
the
degrees
of
freedom
issue.
When
you,
when
you
put
a
base,
say
the
base
base
on
the
table,
okay,
you've
got
a
flat
table
and
that
thing
is
flat
all
welcome
strength.
You
put
the
two
other
sides
next
to
it,
along
the
edge.
A
So
as
long
as
you
match
the
edges
and
then
fold
it
up
and
weld
it
and
they're
together,
you're
completely
constrained
for
how
straight
that
thing
is
assuming
you've
got
your
starting
with
with
flat
stock
flat
straight
stock,
which
will
be
quite
dimensionally
stable,
like
even
though
the
hot
rolled
steel
that
we
use.
It's
a
standard,
a36
specification
standard,
a
hot
rolled
steel
about
50,000,
psi
strength.
A
The
accuracy
is
good
enough
for
what
we
want
to
do
here,
the
main
consideration
being
that
the
axes
aren't
are
parallel,
so
they're
not
locking
up
on
you.
So
that's
the
frame
build,
and
this
can
be
scaled
to
much
more
1/8
inch
by
2
inch
steel
bar
for
a
one
meter
frame.
You
could
do
if
you
got
heavy
machining
like
more,
like
maybe
the
router
structure
that
you'd
want
to
do
here.
A
You'd
use
perhaps
quarter
inch
by
2
inch,
steel
bar
that
could
probably
handle
a
powerful
router
for
routing
wood
or
something
like
that,
which
is
contact
machining.
That
could
probably
do
that
very
easily.
If
you
want
to
do
now,
heavy-duty
CNC
machining
probably
have
to
be
talking
about
1/2
inch
by
say,
maybe
4
inch
or
so
frame,
maybe
even
warm
and
even
want
it
like
welded
out
of
either
the
1
inch
by
four
inch
I
mean
you
can
use
that
same
kind
of
a
design
pattern.
A
If
you
want
to
build
a
simple
point,
otherwise
we've
done
things
like
use
tubing,
which
also
has
a
good
strength,
but
out
of
this
you're
effectively
making
out
of
the
flats
you're
making
angles
by
welding
two
sites
together
at
an
angle,
is
a
very
strong
structure.
Structurally
speaking
and
all
together,
we
have
a
space
frame.
So
it's
symmetric.
It's
closed
on
all
sides
when
you
put
force
on
one
corner,
actually
everything
connected
to
it.
What
stands
that
force?
A
So
so
you
can
say,
the
force
is
absorbed
across
the
entire
thing,
because
it's
a
closed
structure
fixed
like
no
degrees
of
freedom.
You
weld
it
all
up.
Okay,
so
next
we
go
to
so
self,
aligning
the
corners
and
tack
welding.
The
six
sides
standard
procedure
is
to
tack
weld
it
at
the
level
of
the
3d
printer.
You
don't
need
much
welding,
maybe
like
I
mean
a
couple
of
percent
yeah
we're
just
a
little
tack,
maybe
six
inches
next
tack,
tack,
welds
are
strong
so
and
we're
talking
about
just
with
steady
enough.
A
You
know
force
to
to
hold
the
inertia
of
a
moving
printhead
and
also
you
can
be
doing
multiple
print
heads
on
this.
So
if
each
printhead
weighs
maybe
like
a
kilogram
or
less,
you
know,
if
you
have
like
two
or
four
print
heads,
then
according
you
have
to
withstand
more
force,
but
still
like
a
few
tack
welds
and
a
frame
like
that
is
plenty
for
that.
A
A
So
so,
when
you
do
the
drilling
of
the
holes
for
the
mounting
to
axis
the
preferred
way
is
yes
drill
the
holes
mount
the
mount
the
3d
printed
pieces
with
a
bolt
just
like
we
did
on
a
small
frame
like
that
same
bolts
too.
Those
were
the
30
millimeter
long
kind
of
six
bolts.
They
they
span
through
the
3d
printed
piece
and
a
little
bit
like
five
millimeters
or
so
maybe
10,
millimeters
or
so
left
over
for
putting
on
the
nut
on
the
other
side.
A
A
So
we've
got
about
20
pounds
of
force
on
each
motor
and
how
much
do
you
need?
Let's
look
at
that?
So
hold
the
finishing
of
the
whole
pattern.
We
also
mount
the
electronics
panel.
You
want
to
mount
it
up
because
all
the
stepper
motors
are
going
to
be
towards
the
top,
because
the
Y
stepper
motors
are
at
the
top.
Then
you
want
to
shorten
the
wiring
as
much
as
possible
so
get
that
as
close
to
the
stepper
motors
as
possible.
A
The
z0r
is
going
to
be
at
the
top
and
it's
most
convenient
because
the
Y
motors
are
already
at
the
top,
so
run
all
the
wiring
through
the
top,
nothing
on
the
bottom
of
either
way.
So
you
want
to
mount
the
electronics
panel
as
high
up
as
possible,
so
it's
simply
closest.
So
you
finish
your
attack.
Welding
grind
and
paint
drill
holes
and,
let's
look
at
the
bat
itself.
So
the
heated
bed
is
36
by
36
inches
1/8
inch.
A
A
If
you
weld
a
piece
of
angle
on
the
on
the
perimeter,
you
can't
about
it
now
that
the
middle
can
maybe
still
bad
before,
see
essentially
creating
an
angle
on
the
edges,
but
because
this
is
a
whole
meter
wide
every
every
12
inches
or
maybe
two
more
every
one
foot
or
so
do
another
reinforcement.
I
saw
what
I
would
probably
do
is
do
the
do
the
reinforcement
around
the
edge-
maybe
two
more
across
so
when
you
have
that
you
cannot
bend
that
thing.
A
It's
it's
flat
as
flat
as
the
angles
themselves
are,
which
is
going
to
be
a
millimeter
a
few
millimeters.
So
that's
pretty
good
for
a
hole
that
size
does.
Marlee
chemical,
correct
for
a
few
millimeters
I
mean
quite
skewed
and
Marlin
will
still
level
it
out,
but
that
kind
of
flatness
is
fine
to
do
so.
Then
in
leveling
you,
you
might
probe
every
single
foot
or
something
like
that,
so
probably
at
least
for
like
1
2,
3
4,
maybe
4
by
4
grid
of
points.
A
So
you
get
about
16
points
for
your
automatic
bed
leveling
to
do
the
correction
to
correct
for
all
the
warping.
If
you
have
some
of
that,
because
the
first
layer,
depending
on
what
size
of
filling
you
have
the
the
tolerance
requirement,
is
the
thickness
of
that
first
of
what
you're
printing
with
so,
if
you're
pretty
with
a
nozzle,
that's
like
1.4
millimeters.
You
would
allow
up
to
1.4
millimeters
on
even
this
on
a
bed
surface
wall.
You
could
know
you
can
have
more
more
unevenness
the
amount
of
correction
that
has
to
happen.
A
It
has
to
correct
it
down
to
one
point:
four
millimeters
quite
easy,
because
1.4
millimeters
is
relatively
large
right
now
we're
printing
with
0.4
millimeter
nozzles.
So
though
you
have
to
be,
you
have
to
guess
your
Z
offset
by
plus
plus
minus
like
point
two
millimeters,
which
is
quite
fine.
So
that's
what
a
natural
practice
right
now
we're
doing
the
Z
Z
probing
and
we're
observing
how
far
away
from
the
bed
the
the
the
nozzle
ends
up
to
make
that
correction,
larger.
A
Actually,
the
easier
that
is
because
Marlin
takes
care
of
the
rest,
the
larger
the
printer
I
mean
the
larger,
the
nozzle
that
easier
it
becomes
so
right
now
the
people
print
with
up
to
I
think
it's
one
point.
Four
millimeters
and
I
believe
III
D,
this
company.
That
makes
the
extruders
I
believe
they
did
recently
did
a
one
point:
eight
millimeter
nozzle.
They
had
the
volcano
nozzle.
A
A
So
take
a
look
at
the
0.3
of
a
nozzle,
0.3,
millimeter
versus
I'll,
say
1.8
millimeters,
that's
six
times,
that's
gonna
be
36
times
faster,
any
significant
increase
in
speed,
and
then
you
could
also
think
about
putting
multiple
heads
on
on
the
3d
printer
and
then
you
would
have
the
issue
if
they're
all
running
so
you
save
printing,
like
a
batch
of
two-by-fours
on
your
print
bed.
Well,
in
order
for
the
first
layer
to
start
properly,
although
st.
A
So
you
have
to
be
be
good
on
that.
So
the
key
to
back
to
be
as
simple
as
and
here
we're
talking
about
five
dollars.
A
square
foot
for
steel,
like
this
you're
gonna,
do
a
lumen
on
that's
gonna,
get
much
more
expensive,
so
here
we're
going
into
the
low
cost
aspect
where
this
huge
bed,
like
that,
there's
only
50
dollars
in
materials.
That's
excellent
I
mean
otherwise
you'd
be
paying
a
couple
of
hundred
dollars
three,
maybe
four
hundred
dollars
for
a
sheet
of
aluminum.
That
would
do
the
same.
A
So
steel
is
always
the
cheaper
option
for
the
strength
it's
more
accessible,
but
it
will
weigh
about
50
pounds
or
25
kilos.
It's
about
five
pounds
per
square
foot
with
nine
square
feet.
You've
got
45
pounds
right
in
the
nine
3x3
9
square
feet,
but
you
have
some
extra
on
the
lips
that
you're
adding
to
it
for
reinforcement
about
50
pounds.
So
you
have
to
hold
it.
We
know
that
one
motor
only
does
20
pounds.
Two
motors
are
40
pounds.
Two
motors
will
not
pull
this
up,
especially
the
other
large
print
on
it.
A
So
you're
gonna
start
with
four
motors,
where
you
have
now
80
pounds
of
pool
pool.
So
in
principle
you
can
you
can
print
something
that's
up
to
30
kilograms,
but
30
pounds.
We're
still
I
mean
that's,
that's
that's
a
lot
like
this
table
here,
it's
probably
like
20
pounds
or
so
or
15
pounds.
So
you
definitely
want
to
have
enough
strength.
A
So
idea
would
be
to
start
with
four
motors,
and
then
we
can
keep
adding
more
motors
as
we
need,
because
the
axis
you
can
just
drill
another
hole
put
another
axis
on
it,
but
it's
preferable
to
do
it
from
both
sides,
as
opposed
to
like
on
all
four
sides,
because
they
all
want
to
it's
easier
to
get
one
on
each
side.
You
only
have
this
kind
of
uneven
as
possibility
before
you
start
buying
binding
the
belts.
Now
the
belts
are
slightly
flexible.
A
It's
preferable
to
have
it
on
both
sides
because
for
point
support
it's
very
hard
to
get
all
the
four
points
aligned
on
the
same
plane
for
three
points.
Any
three
points
will
be
on
the
same
plane.
Once
you
get
to
four
points,
then
only
three
points
will
always
be
on
the
same
plane.
The
fourth
point
must
be
leveled,
so
it's
much
harder
to
support
something
from
four
sides,
because
you're
gonna
need
to
drive
it
up.
A
So
you
don't
get
into
this
lock
up
situation,
but
in
some
cases,
reading
on
an
Internet
you'll
see
that
people
who
had
like
force
like
for
z-axis,
they
were
just
for
all
of
a
sudden
just
lock
up,
they
wouldn't
move,
and
that's
because
an
issue
of
four
points
are
very
hard
to
get
on
the
same
plane.
So
when
we
do
this,
we
want
to
put
all
the
axes
on
opposite
ends,
so
they
act
more
like
a
two
point
support
and
also
logistically
it's
easier
to
run
the
wires
that
way,
instead
of
all
four
sides.
A
Where
present
we
have
the
control
panel
on
one
of
the
sides,
you're
not
running
into
real
estate
issues
on
the
printer
itself,
so
then
none
the
p.I
surface,
the
high-performance
surface.
We
probably
want
to
use
that
so
that
the
prints
stick
and
then
top
off
easily.
The
stock
comes
in
one
by
with
sections,
so
we
need
actually
one
two
three
four
and
a
half
sections
of
that
which
costs
$162
altogether.
So
actually
the
plastic
surface
on
top
of
the
metal
is
actually
more
expensive
than
a
structure
itself.
A
A
We
talked
yesterday
if
we
scaled
the
same
kind
of
200
watts
per
8,
X
1/8
inch
by
8
inch
surface
200
by
200
millimeter.
If
you
do
200
watts
on
that,
then
the
whole
nine
square
foot
frame
would
be
about
five
kilowatts.
If
we
have
the
same
scaling
of
power,
so
we're
talking
about
a
lot
of
energy,
you
want
to
use
120
volts.
Otherwise
the
currents
that
there
are
involved
would
be
really
high
and
you
really
thick
wires.
A
So
at
this
point
it
makes
sense
a
lot
of
sense
to
go
into
120
or
even
240
volts,
so
that
the
wires
now
leading
up
to
these
micro
gears
can
be
small
enough.
Small
inexpensive
basic
idea
taking
to
fly,
wrap
it
with
nichrome
tape.
We
got
some
tape,
that's
like
I
think,
like
one
inch
wide
wrap
it,
so
you
don't
have
electrical
content
that
the
nichrome
wire
is
bare.
It
will
conduct
so
you
have
to
insulate
it.
So
what
you
would
do
is
wrap
it.
A
One
way,
a
bunch
of
turns
figured
out
through
a
micro
calculator
on
the
Internet.
The
first
page
laid
there
with
the
overview
sheet
has
an
icon
later
link
you
can
find
out
the
Atlanta,
for
example,
31
age
wire,
that
you
need
to
emit,
say
500
watts
or
something
like
that
very
200
watts.
So
what
we
might
want
to
do
to
get
even
heating
is
build
several
these,
so
we've
got
three
feet,
maybe
put
them
every
every
six
inches
or
so
also
make
what
like
seven
or
so
of
these
strips
each
would
have
to
be.
A
You
know,
500
watts
or
so
something
to
that
effect
wined
it
when
you,
after
you
put
the
cap
on
tape
on
the
bar
of
metal
and
make
it
three
feet
long,
but
in
the
whole
width
length
of
the
bed.
If
we
have
the
reinforcing
ribs
along
the
length
that
we
need
to
put
them
all
one
way,
so
they
fit
between
the
ribs
on
the
underside
of
the
bed,
we
forgot.
One
thing
is
a
little
little
thermistor.
We
need
to
poke
a
little
hole
in
there.
A
A
If
we
were
building
that
in
one
day
wrap
it
once
then
wrap
another
layer
of
Kapton
tape
and
then
come
back
with
the
wire,
so
the
two
wires
come
come
to
come
to
one
point,
so
it's
just
easier
for
wire
management
as
opposed
to
having
two
different
ends
of
this
on
opposite
ends.
So
it's
easier
to
run
the
wires,
that's
the
heater
side,
and
after
that
we
get
the
electronic.
So
so
the
idea
is
that
on
the
on-ramps
board
and
stuff
plugging
in
the
Pololu
smoke
alone,
drivers
we
can
use
a
couple
of
those
pens.
A
A
It's
like
10
bucks,
or
so
you
can,
of
course,
get
larger
ones
for
scalability
of
that
to
more
and
more
if
you
like,
but
you
can
large
run
a
large
number
of
the
small
stepper
motors
to
so
this
would
apply
to
the
z-axis.
Definitely
we
said
we
want
to
start
with
four
stepper
motors
to
get
80
pounds
of
upward
left
on
the
on
the
bed
itself
on
the
x
and
y
axis.
A
Our
first
try
would
be
to
do
it
exactly
what
we
do
with
the
3d
printer,
because
if
we
use
the
same
printhead,
it
weighs
no,
no
more.
It's
the
only
if
you
have
much
longer
lengths
the
only
extra
weight
in
there
that
you're
actually
needing
to
force
on
the
x
axis,
it's
just
extra
belt.
That's
it's
literally
like
no
difference
and
I'm
on
the
y
axis.
The
extra
weight
is
the
fact
that
you
have
instead
of
about
16
inches
of
rod.
A
You
now
have
three
feet
of
rod,
so
there's
a
little
bit
of
extra
weight,
but
not
too
much
it's
only
maybe
like
a
pound
or
so
so.
Essentially,
we
think
that
on
the
first
try
we
could
try
the
the
same
stepper
drivers
just
to
just
leave
it
the
same
for
the
XY
axes.
If
we
find
that
we
might
need
more
strength
that
we
might
add
one
of
these
external
stepper
drives,
so
you
have
your
your
driver
board.
A
Next
to
it,
you
would
have
this
larger
stepper
driver,
which
gets
its
own
current
power
source
that
plugs
into
your
12,
volt
or
24
volts.
These
actually
go
up
to
I,
think
36
volts,
but
you
plug
that
in
and
and
connect
your
stepper
wires
into
those
terminals,
and
you
can
connect
multiple
stepper
motors
about
eight
to
each
of
those
terminals.
So
that's
the
idea,
just
using
a
larger
external
stepper
driver
to
get
the
larger
force
that
you
need
and
we're
still
talking
about
using
the
very
small
stepper
motors
that
we
use
right
now.
A
Another
option
if
we
didn't
want
to
use
multiple
stepper
motors,
is
to
use
larger
stepper
motors,
so
NEMA,
23
or
36,
just
basically,
once
they
go
come
to
pretty
large
size.
You
get
more
expensive
at
that
level,
but
it
makes
sense
between
their
NEMA
17,
like
we
do
right
now
or
NEMA
23,
which
I'd
like
to
say
twice
the
power
twice,
the
torque,
maybe
we're
so
depending
on
their
variation.
A
But
then,
then
you
can
handle
more
more
force
as
you
need.
That's
the
electronics
and
that's
pretty
much
all
the
scalability
considerations
for
for
a
much
larger,
3d
printer.
You
also
have
to
lengthen
the
wire
lengths.
You
have
to
make
sure
that
the
wire
lengths
that
we
do
have
are
as
short
as
possible,
because
the
longer
the
wire
length,
the
the
longer
the
larger
the
resistance
we
have
to
consider.
That
has
another
issue
here,
but
with
with
one
meter
of
length
not
too
much
bigger
than
before.
A
You're
pretty
much
okay,
so
you
can
do
this
scale
this
to
a
one
meter
cube.
We
have
done
it
for
a
six
foot.
Tall
3d
printer
is
still
with
an
eight
inch
bed
where
all
the
electronics
are
pretty
much
at
the
top.
The
wires
are
still
very
short
because
all
the
motors
are
at
the
top,
except
for
the
heater
bed
which
you
have
to
the
keypad
doesn't
even
need
a
longer
bed
longer
wire
to
reach
down
to
it
if
you've
got
six
feet
of
land.
A
So
in
this
system
here
in
the
longest
length,
where
the
one
one
cubic
meter
printer
would
still
be
the
heater
bed
large
we'll
have
to
go
all
the
way
down
to
the
bottom,
but
everything
else
is
pretty
much
all
other
electronics
are
at
the
top,
so
it
makes
it
quite
easy
to
do
so.
Any
questions
on
this
directly.
What
would
happen
here?
I
mean
in
principle
this
should
be
quite
doable
and
because
it'll
depart
these
kinds
of
parts
we
use
it.
So
it's
easy
to
scale
them
up
to
different
sizes,
because
the
design
pattern
remains.
A
The
same.
Scalability
refers
to
using
the
same
design
patterns,
but
you
might
have
to
get
tricky
on
some
details
like
you
have
to.
You,
do
have
to
understand
some
calculations
like,
for
example,
for
the
simply
the
bed
weight
to
get
an
idea,
how
many
motors
you're
gonna
need,
or
how
much
current
you're
gonna
need
to
drive
it
up.
So
there's
basic
calculations
you
want
to
do
throughout
and
we'll
be
good
to
do.
A
Structural
calculations,
for
example,
within
freecad
finite
element,
method
analysis
which
will
show
you,
for
example,
if
you're
moving
so
fast,
we've
got
such
a
force.
What
how
much
deflection
of
the
actual
metal
structure
would
be
needed
would
happen
as
a
result
of
a
certain
amount
of
motion
that
you
can
simulate
within
freecad.
If
you
want
to
optimize
the
frame
like
right
now,
we
know
that
a
finish
from
experience.
A
Eight
inch
by
two
inch
will
be
plenty
I,
don't
see
why
that
that
would
not
work,
but
you
can
do
the
test
driven
design
part
where
you're
doing
simulations
calculations.
Alongside
of
all
the
steps
that
you're
doing
in
a
build
to
make
sure
your
results
are
good,
or
if
you
want
to
optimize
for
the
lightest
frame,
you'd
know
what
the
limits
are
and
then,
of
course
you
have
to
test
this
so
a
lot
of
times.
A
You
know
the
the
simulations
are
only
as
good
as
you
know
they
might
be
thrown
out
because
of
some
different
effects
that
you
see
in
reality.
Reality
is
the
way
to
the
chest.
Can't
go
on
a
theory.
You
always
have
to
check
it.
So,
but,
but
there
are
insights
for
what's
even
possible
using
the
finite
element
method.
Analysis
within
freaka,
any
questions.
B
B
B
A
There's
different
ways
to
do
that
if
they
are
all
doing
the
same
thing,
then
it's
easy
to
use
say
you
want
to
put
four
extruders
on
this
or
double
it
for
now.
Well,
doubling
you
can
probably
use
the
same
ramps
board
and
splice
the
wire
into
two
from
the
controller
board
the
ramps
board
into
the
two
extruders.
You
would
also
have
to
detect
the
temperature
of
the
nozzle,
but
you
can
make
an
assumption
like
okay,
I'm
gonna
put
a
thermistor
on
one
of
the
extruders,
and
that's
only
one.
A
We're
gonna
assume
that,
because
they're
identical
in
principle
and
they're
feeding
the
same
wire,
they
got
the
same
electronics.
You
can
assume
that
they're
going
to
be
the
same
second
sense
from
one.
So
you
need
one
wire
for
the
thermistor.
Let's
say
two
control
wires,
which
are
just
spliced
of
the
off
the
original
board.
So
you
would
do
zero
modification
now.
Those
two
extruders
will
ride
on
the
same
axis.
They
would
do
everything
identically,
so
there
is
no
variation
there.
A
The
only
consideration
is
give
them
level
if
you're
on
one
axis,
it's
relatively
easy
to
align
two
of
those,
but
that
of
course
puts
limits
on
your
bed
like
your
bed
will
have
to
be
between
a
distance
of
those
two
extruders.
That
bet
has
to
be
level
within
the
dimension
of
the
print
width,
the
size
of
the
filament.
So
the
more
you
have
the
more
flat
your
bed
has
to
be
between
extruders,
otherwise
they
would
not
really
align.
A
That's
the
consideration
there,
so
you
want
to
start
with
a
flat
bed
and
I
think
just
a
simple
method
of
using
mild
steel
and
reinforcement
on
the
backside.
That
probably
won't
do
it
for
multiple
printers
with
two
printers,
no
problem,
you
can
go
ahead
and
use
the
existing
electronics
ramps
is
also
set
up
to
run
to
two
extruders
independently.
A
That
happens
like
right.
Now
we
took
up
one
of
the
extruder
drivers.
We
turned
that
into
y2,
but
and
normally
the
ram's
horn
is
designed
to
have
one
extruder
like
to
extrude
outlets.
We
can.
We
are
using
that
extruder
outlet
for
the
y2
axis,
because
if
we
have
two
y
axes,
which
is
not
common
for
the
normal
3d
printer
world,
so
if
you
want
to
do
more
than
two
then
you're
gonna
have
to
depending
how
you
do
it.
A
If
they're
all
doing
the
same
thing,
you
can
still
use
the
same
trick,
use
ramps
and
then
use
the
Toshiba
6,600
driver
connect
up
to
a
text.
Reuters
know
now
it's
gonna
be
hard
to
align
them
harder.
So
you
have
to
have
an
adjustment
on
each,
but
the
same
ramps
with
one
external
Toshiba
driver
can
run
up
to
eight
heads
as
long
as
they're
doing
the
same
thing.
A
Now,
if
you're
you're
gonna
have
all
of
them
do
different
things
like
one
will
do
rubber
and
the
other
one
would
just
throw
in
some
nylon
braiding
into
that
and
the
third
one
will
put
in
some
bread
and
water
for
reinforcement
into
that
print,
which
we've
never
seen
done
yet
I
haven't
seen
that.
But
if
you
have
multiple
heads
doing
multiple
things,
you
need
a
different
board
on
the
ramps.
You're
gonna
have
to
scale
up
to
a
different
board
different
software
right
now.
A
Ram
supports
two
different
extruders
and
Marlin
firmware
supports
two
different
extruders,
so
you
go
to
maybe
different
boards.
There's
many
different
boards
out
there
that
can
handle
more
than
two
extruders,
but
in
a
typical
use
case
of
production,
the
very
simple
ramps
gets
you
these
print
farms,
so
where
you
say,
printing,
like
twelve,
two
by
four
plastic
lumber
pieces
of
one
bed,
one
simple
ramps
with
an
external
Toshiba
driver,
but
maybe
you
do
one
that's
larger
than
the
Toshiba.
A
It
still
gets
the
two
little
signal
outputs,
so
yet
not
TV
6600,
but
a
larger
one
who
can
drive
12
or
whatever.
However
many
you
need
and
you
can
still
be
doing,
production
work
using
the
very,
very
simple
low-cost
board.
So
that's
a
that's
a
use
case
of
a
very
low-cost
high
performance
system
that
can
be
created
using
the
very
common
parts.
C
B
C
Problem
with
that
is,
like
one
will
say,
gift
your
intelligence,
one
won't
bleed
into
them
and
more
recent
things
I'm
seeing
hit
the
market
is
worth
like.
Two
independent
counsels.
You've
heard
one
we'll
move
out
and
go
to
the
side,
while
the
other
one
does,
when
toy
or
one
one
type
of
totally
immaterial
and
right.
Oh
you
wondering
if
you
ever
thought
about.
C
A
Once
again,
as
with
technological
determinism,
there's
a
hundred
ways
of
doing
different
things,
so
yes
start
for
the
purpose
that
you
want.
You
can
have
different
systems
of
how
you're
moving
the
heads
around
you
can
land
the
printhead
actually
III
D
is
open
sourcing.
His
version
of
a
quick
exchange
tool
mount
where
the
3d
printer.
It
has
four
heads
parked
on
the
frame,
and
then
it
goes
up
to
one.
It
picks
one
up
and
it
works
with
that.
It
drops
it
off
the
picks
up.
A
The
next
one
works
with
that,
so
you
can
have
an
infinite
variety
of
combinations
for
whatever
the
purpose
is
that
you
want
to
do
for
our
case
here.
A
lot
of
it
might
be
around
say,
production
of
materials
for
the
CD,
coma,
I
think
a
lot
about
material
production
which
cased
a
very,
very
simple
system
of
multiple
heads.
Doing
the
same
thing
do
well,
but
then
of
course,
we
also
absolutely
think
of
things
like
rubber
plus
nylon
for
a
rubber
for
nylon.
Braided
tires
or
metal
braided
tires,
or
things
like
that.
D
A
Absolutely
well
that's
a
question
of
spending
a
president
$50,000
for
that
machine
versus
a
$500
printer
that
can
do
the
identical
thing.
So
there's
a
there's,
a
question
of
multi-purpose.
Now,
of
course
the
3d
printer
is
gonna.
Take
you.
You
know
a
day.
A
3d
printer
with
the
volcano
nozzle
does
about
5
pounds
of
printing
per
24
hours,
so
I'll
take
you
that
at
very
low
energy
I
mean
you
can
do
that
in
a
minute
using
a
large
extruder.
But
then
you
also
have
to
have
maybe
like
a
50
kilowatt
power.
A
Supply
it'll
be
a
much
different
system.
Yes,
absolutely
if
you're
in
production-
and
you
want
to
do
what
everyone
else
does
are
just
common
mainstream
production.
Yes,
you
do
that,
but
here
we're
saying
how
can
you
do
more
with
less
with
the
same
infrastructure?
How
can
you
do
different
things
so,
for
example,
on
printing
a
2x4,
it's
something
where
in
practical
terms,
say
late.
You
know
you
got
your
little
print
farm
in
your
room
and
you
just
let
that
go
overnight
for
practical
purposes.
A
There's
going
to
be
no
difference
between
you,
you
doing
that
with
your
own
home
printer
versus
doing
that
with
a
professional
extruder
that
costs
say
a
hundred
times
as
much
right.
Well
as
because
you
can
let
that
go
overnight,
you
know
you
click
print.
It
saves
you
a
trip
to
the
to
Bernards
or
the
hardware
store.
So
it's
about
what
how
you
want
to
design
your
life
or
production
system
point.
A
Is
that,
yes,
what
you're
talking
about
is
the
dedicated
machine
that
does
just
that
I
mean
it
might
have
different
nozzles
for
different
shapes
of
profiles.
Maybe
it
does
also
sheet
and
whatever,
but
that's
where
the
multifunction
capacity
of
a
printer
can
address
a
lot
of
those
needs,
and
maybe
you
can
do
some
other
things
but,
for
example,
the
twin
wall
polycarbonate
glazing.
How
is
that
made
right?
Now?
It's
made
by
large
expensive
machines
that
extrude
er
four-foot
wide
piece
of
the
you
know
double
wall
air
pocket
in
between
greenhouse
glazing.
A
A
D
A
On
that
one
yeah,
what
they're
doing
is
they're
using
that?
Well,
no
they're,
not
using
them.
You
have
another
machine
that
melts
the
plastic
scrap
and
then
you
actually
have
a
lever
and
you
squeeze
that
down
into
a
form
now
that
you
can
only
do
so
much
like
a
little
mass
at
a
time
so
to
make
that
practical
to
make,
for
example,
a
real
2
by
4,
which
is
8
feet.
High
I'm
gonna,
be
there
all
day
doing
that
melting
plastic
in
your
soil.
E
E
E
A
So
with,
for
example,
the
precious
plastic
extruder-
yes,
you
can
do
that,
but
then
it
only
still
has
a
one
inch
barrel
and
like
I,
think
maybe
like
500
or
800
watts
of
heating,
there's
only
so
much
you
can
do
with
that
yeah.
You
can
do
that,
so
you
can
do
a
lowbrow
version
of
extruding.
You
know
bigger
profiles,
but
it'll
go
very
slow.
So
so
once
again
depends
on
what
are
your
specs
of
the
performance
you
would
like?
A
And
how
are
you
treating
your
system
in
terms
of
a
multi-purpose
system
versus
a
dedicated
system,
because
the
idea
is,
you
can
do
multiple
things
with
just
one
printer
like
we
were
talking
about
baking
nom
on
your
your
3d
printer,
because
the
heat
bed
is
actually
a
heater
surface,
you
can
bake
eggs
on
it.
You
know
you
can
cook
your
eggs
on,
for
example.
So
the
idea
there
is
simply
if
you
want
to
have
a
resilient
infrastructure
I
mean
depends
what
your
goals
are.
A
If
you're
you
know,
if
you
want
to
be
highly
resilient
and
have
a
lot
of
multi-purpose
machines.
Well,
you're
also
gonna
have
to
have
higher
skill
level.
So
there's
different
ways
of
doing
things
once
again,
so
we're
basically
developing
a
package
just
to
show
what's
possible,
in
terms
of
say,
any
single
community
being
able
to
generate
the
entire
technology
set
of
society,
and
this
connects
back
to
the
political
ideals
or
social
sociological
sociology
ideals
of
what
this
is.
We
are
doing
something
with
a
certain
purpose.
A
The
purpose
is
to
say:
can
we
absolutely
get
rid
of
war
corruption,
poverty,
things
like
that?
Can
we
get
rid
of
any
ill,
that's
caused
by
material
scarcity,
so
I,
say:
okay,
we're
designing
a
small
system
that
can
be
so
powerful,
so
resilient
and
and
self-contained
that
it
creates
this
new
social
or
political
possibility.
A
But
for
us
I
mean
if
the
same
machine
can
do
your
glazing,
your
table,
your
structural
lumber
at
hundred
percent
infill,
which
will
take
a
lot
of
time.
Your
aquaponic
fittings
plumbing
fittings.
Well,
that's
really
much
better
than
having
multiple
range
of
machines
that
do
just
one
of
them
at
a
time,
so
you're
talking
about
cost
reductions
on
the
order
of
hundreds
or
even
thousands.
A
When
you
consider
one
lifetime
lifetime
design,
which
is
ten
to
ten
times
lower
open
source
design,
which
is
ten
times
lower
cost,
then
you
go
get
multi-purpose
machines
that
do
not
one
thing
but
ten
things
so
right
there.
You
already
have
a
thousand
factor
of
efficiencies
that
you've
gained
through
this
approach,
what
I
call
appropriate
technology
system?
So
that's
that's
a
big
issue
to
consider
on
the
teleology
the
goals
of
this
program.
A
Yeah,
so
that
will
be
the
percent
infill
of
the
of
the
two
by
four
I
mean
within
Qri.
You
set
the
infill
SETI.
Typically
the
parts
we
print
our
20%
fill
then
most
of
it
is
there
because
you
don't
need
to
you,
need
that
much
strength
in
the
parts
that
we
use.
So
there
are
only
20%
build
in.
You
can
do
that
from
zero
to
a
hundred
percent.
We're
at
a
hundred
percent.
You
have
very
strong
structures.
A
Can
optimize,
for
example,
I
could
be
prettier
two
by
four,
maybe
it'll
be
a
total
hole
throughout.
So
maybe
it
lets
moisture
dribble
down
through
the
inside
to
the
floor
or
whatever
you
can
do,
various
things.
Yeah
yeah
I
mean
there's
the
geometry.
Is
it's
got
like
a
lot
of
possibilities
for
what
we
can
do
with
it?
Sweetie,
printing
yeah.
A
No,
it's
not
build.
We
built
one
last
year
that
was
six
feet
with
an
8-inch
square
bed
and
we
ran
that
so
that
when
we
have
the
eight
the
the
one
cubic
meter
printer,
we
were
supposed
to
build
that
today,
but
we
are
so
behind
that
we
will
save
that
for
the
rest
of
the
immersion
program,
probably
like
in
a
week
or
two
where
we
build
it
with
it.
So
there's
seven
people
here
they're
staying
for
a
full
month
to
do
the
full
immersion
program.