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From YouTube: Day 2 - Morning
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B
C
A
D
B
A
A
A
C
C
E
Well
the
option
I
30-somethings
of
gone,
but
she
was
19
and
I
actually
got
very
close
to
getting
few
friends
together.
Twos
we
identified
a
place
he's
identified
the
part,
the
plane,
ready
registers
execute
because
it
is
we're
not
taken
all
four
of
us
a
little
bit
too
far
a
follow
from
our
regular
everyday
lives
and
too
much
strain
on
our
already
full
plates.
A
Okay
hold
on
audio
cut
out.
Let's
see,
how
do
we
yeah.
F
E
But
of
course
only
five
out
of
every
thirty
of
them.
You've
got
anything
of
value
from
what
I've
been
saying,
because
whatever
I
say
in
the
class,
most
of
it
is
too
high
or
too
low
for
what
the
typical
student
is
taking
in
by
chance.
A
few
of
them
are
right
at
that
right
level
and
like
to
hear
and
learn
that
way.
So
I
started
a
project
in
April
of
that
same
year,
and
we
just
had
a
discussion
in
class.
E
3D
printing
came
up
and
we
ended
up
building
this
3d
printer,
so
I'm
just
fast-forwarding
through
a
few
years
here.
The
3d
printer
approved
extremely
exciting
for
the
students,
but
I
could
not
find
a
way
to
map
it
into
the
curriculum.
It's
too
top-down
too
narrow.
So
we
just
started
a
lunchtime.
Club
built
this
3d
printer
over
a
few
years
of
lunch
times,
20
minutes
at
a
time
I
used
to
leave
a
meeting.
I
was
the
vice
principal
I'll.
Just
walk
out
of
a
meeting
people
wonder
where
I
went.
E
I
went
to
go
and
hide
with
the
students
and
go
through
the
school.
We
should
focus
on
education.
The
paperwork
can
come
later
and
the
nonsense
can
come
later
and
the
politics
can
come
later,
and
so
that
was
a
slight
risk
on
my
part,
but
it
really
paid
off
because
when
it
worked,
the
students
loved
it,
they
ended
up
donating
their
own
3d
printer.
The
reason
I
chose
the
3d
printer,
it's
one
of
the
GB
cs50
machines.
So
in
the
last
eight
years,
I
start
every
class
with
the
four
minute.
E
C
E
They
gave
a
talk
and
engaged
our
students
for
a
few
days
in
London
and
challenged
them
to
join
an
OST
Club.
So,
of
course
my
job
is
very
busy
right
now
we
have
a
robotics
team
and
we're
just
going
in
a
robotics
season,
but
somehow
we
managed
to
stick
in
the
middle
of
the
robotics
season.
The
OSC
Club
context
and
I
mapped
it
on
to
the
curriculum
I'm
another
class.
It
doesn't
work
well
in
physics
class,
but
computer
engineering
technology.
E
It
worked
so
here's
a
little
summary
in
the
middle
of
the
robotics
season
and
the
most
intense
semester
of
my
year
also
had
two
visiting
schools,
one
from
Nanjing
doing
high
school.
One
of
the
premier
high
schools
in
Nanjing
China,
so
they
came
in
for
a
four
five
days
stem
camp.
So
we
have
this
concept
of
starting
these
stem
clubs
all
around
the
world.
That's
how
I
like
let
your
vision,
the
world
embracing
not
to
complain,
hear
himself,
let's
think
about
the
whole
world,
so
they
came
in.
We
said.
E
Oh,
let's
start
the
OSD
club
with
these
students.
I
had
never
done
free
CAD
before
because
our
robotics
teams
are
all
into
these
proprietary
things.
We
kind
of
got
locked
into
you
SolidWorks
and
we've
got
a
$12,000
discount.
So
that's
pretty
good.
We
were
able
to
afford
it,
but
with
the
OSC
club,
it's
just
too
much
to
think
about
using
SolidWorks
free
cat
is
where
it's
at.
If
you
want
to
have
global
collaboration
accessible
to
all.
E
So
my
very
first
experience
with
free
cat
aside
from
a
couple
of
minutes
of
dabbling
is
this
set
of
students
right
here
so
they
came
in.
We
gave
the
idea
what,
if
we
were
to
make
a
corner
in
room,
talked
about
that
concept
yesterday.
Well,
let's
start
with
a
motor,
so
we
have
a
design
of
a
motor
online
and
we
showed
them
this
video
online.
E
This
very
amazing
sort
of
an
open-source
enthusiast
from
Germany
Christoph
Lima,
it's
very
good
for
you
to
go
and
check
out
his
work,
highly
recommend
it's
extremely
inspiring
how
precise
and
it's
just
a
beautiful
work
of
art
as
well
as
a
motor.
So
we
took
that
video
we
watched
it
and
then
the
challenge
was
okay,
design
that
motor
now
using
free
pad
so
the
way
I
got
it
started,
there's
a
little
bit
of
chalk
and
talk
just
to
get
the
fire
started.
So
I
would
go
up
with
the
students
and
we
made
a
circle.
E
We
extruded
the
circle.
Then
we
drew
on
the
surface
of
a
circle
to
extrude
up
a
cylindrical
hollow
portion,
and
then
we
did
a
cut
in
one
part
of
it,
and
then
we
learned
how
to
do
polar
nuts,
we're
going
to
do
all
of
that
during
this
camp
here.
So
within
about
an
hour,
we
had
enough
skills
from
a
typical
student
to
be
able
to
make
something
that
looked
like
a
motor.
E
So
here's
the
Nanjing
students
will
go
to
the
next
slide
and
here
is
the
result
of
one
of
the
students
good
one
Yi
is
her
name
and
she
made
a
prototype.
It
looks
nothing
like
the
motor
that
we
have
right
now,
but
it
has
all
the
elements.
There's
a
cylindrical
shape.
It's
hollow.
She
even
tried
to
put
the
threading
on
it.
We
never
got
around
to
putting
the
threads.
We
just
used
duct
tape,
it's
pretty
good,
it's
just
very
satisfying
and
there
are
slots
in
the
motor
and
irregular
intervals
around
the
circle.
E
So
all
the
elements
that
we
were
required
in
the
motor
were
done,
and
this
was
only
a
very
few
hours.
Those
students
were
only
in
the
stem
camp
for
a
very
short
time,
so
we're
very
happy
that
a
few
of
them
got
all
the
way
to
all
the
elements
of
the
motor
very
quickly.
So
shortly
after
that,
we've
had
visitors
from
Tiffany's
school
school
of
the
nations.
That's
the
very
first
school
where
I
started
teaching
in
1996
from
Georgetown
Guyana.
There
are
three
of
the
students,
and
here
they
are
also
working.
E
We
also
built
a
3d
printer
with
them.
They
have
their
own
3d
printer,
they
brought
it
up
and
we're
fixing
it.
So
we
completely
while
they
were
there
and
they
also
participating
in
the
open
source,
ecology
and
brushless
motor
sort
of
competition.
We're
envisioning
eventually
is
a
full
competition,
so
the
first
group
of
students
made
a
basic
shape
of
the
motor,
and
this
allowed
me
to
reflect
okay.
Well,
what
went
well?
What
didn't
go?
Well,
I
thought
about
it,
and
then
I
tried
these
same
three
CAD
lessons
again.
We.
E
Also
very
short
time
they
were
only
there
for
a
few
days.
We
did
the
OSD
as
part
of
a
bigger
set
of
events.
We
did
computer
programming,
robotics
so
very
short
time
on
free
CAD
and
we
3d
printed
out
parts
that
are
now
starting
to
look
closer
to
the
final
product.
So
we'll
go
through.
Here's,
these
Guyanese
team
and
they're.
All
oh
yeah,
amazing,
set.
B
E
C
E
The
first
sort
of
motor
the
motor
project-
this
is
the
first
part
that
we
printed
out
and
one
of
my
students
needed
he
just
took
off.
It
seems
that
each
group
had
one
or
two
students
that
really
took
off
with
this
one
concept
and
within
a
few
days
he
went
from
zero
to
an
extremely
close
replica
of
the
original
motor
controller
of
the
video
so
down
to
the
fine
details.
E
E
C
E
We
are
going
through
the
process.
The
eventually
got
to
the
point
of
winding
the
wire.
We
took
six
strands
of
water
on
a
5
meter,
sort
of
loop
on
this
screwdriver
at
one
end
and
the
screwdriver
at
the
other
end
water
fans,
and
they
stretch
it
between
our
robot
and
as
the
vise
and
all
they
just
chose
to
arbitrary
points,
5
feet
apart
and
there
they
are
the
rolls
of
wire
all
ready
for
winding
there's
the
wire
winding.
They
did
a
great
job
on
that
and
taped
it
down.
So
it
wouldn't
fall
off.
E
It's
not
perfect,
but
it
works
pretty.
Well,
it's
a
pretty
amazing
job
for
an
extremely
busy
classroom,
with
lots
of
other
things
going
on.
They
just
did
that
in
the
middle
of
chaos,
and
once
it
was
done,
he
taped
it
all
up,
so
wouldn't
fall
apart.
So
that
was
good
and
they
were
very
satisfied
like
you
can
just
see
here's
one
of
the
interesting
things
about
it.
This
is
why
I
like
the
open
source
of
college
of
projects.
For
me,
this
is
my
professional
development.
Training.
I
cannot
get
this
kind
of
training
anywhere
else.
E
You
cannot
get
hands-on
training
that
really
produces
education
anywhere
else.
Please
tell
me
if
you
found
it,
I
haven't
found
it.
So
the
metric
is
what
is
the
attendance
level
in
a
class
and
what
is
the
commitment
level
of
the
students?
First
of
all,
the
average
attendance
level
in
our
class
was
higher
than
higher
percent,
for
example,
she's,
not
even
a.
C
E
Poet
in
residence
she
doesn't
came
into
the
class
and
hanging
out
her
notes
at
any
time.
She
was
just
interested
in
the
energy
and
the
creativity
going
on
and
she
was
really
happy
when
they
got
the
motor
done.
She
has
no
interest
at
all
in
stem,
but
she
does
have
an
interest
in
their
excitement,
and
so
that's
one
of
the
metrics.
The
other
is
that
Vincent
spent
4
entire
days
after
he
got
hungry
party
was
done
high
school.
He
should
have
been
off
doing
something
else
and
he
spent
4
days
to
completely
motor
cuz.
E
E
E
E
G
E
That's
it
around
and
you
can
see
there
is
a
duct
tape
and
sort
of
a
folder
there.
Instead
of
bothering
with
the
threads,
which
is
up
to
someone
else,
we
just
use
duct
tape.
We
want
to
take
it
apart,
we'll
just
need
to
conduct
a
bot.
So,
let's
just
see
there
are
some
of
the
parts
and
the
evolution
of
the
motor
from
January
to
April.
It
kind
of
evolved
with.
E
Classes
from
three
different
continents
that
was
the
most
satisfying
part,
not
the
fact
that
we
need
the
motor,
but
they
were
establishing
a
global
network
of
collaboration
in
technologies
that
can
make
a
difference,
sharing
them,
and
this
could
be
the
start
or
a
process
where
we
make
really
significant
products.
In
a
short.
E
D
E
Just
qualitative
hopefully
did
that
it
spins
pretty
quickly.
Yes,
three
thousand
haven't
got
to
that
point.
The
students
are
more
graduates
on
the
only
thing
I
did
was
turned
on
so
that
they
didn't
get
to
the
point
of
turning
on.
They
got
it
to
the
point
of
being
ready
to
turn
on
I
hooked
it
up
to
an
se
and
got
it
up
to
perhaps
to
a
2000.
What.
H
E
E
This
is
an
educational
product.
It
can
do
a
very
light
moves
right
now.
If
we
were
to
adjust
the
core
you're
gonna
get
more
of
it.
So
we
have
some
iron
build
its
called
proto
pasta.
It
has
iron
filings
in
the
PLA
filament
and
can
increase
the
output
by
about
13%,
but
a
professional
grade
motor
will
have
an
iron
core
and
the
things
we're
talking
about
yesterday
aren't
working.
If
we
were
to
be
able
to
fabricate
our
own
core,
then
we're
gonna
get
up
to
the
next
level.
E
G
C
C
E
E
So
amazing
about
that
happening,
so
student-designed
fabricated,
it
would
have
been
student
tested.
We
ran
out
of
time
because
if
I
had
a
school
we
would
focus
on
this
all
day,
but
in
the
regular
school
we're
trained,
like
dogs
to
obey
that
down
house
time
for
English
get
out
of
this
class.
So
there
we
are.
In
my
view,
this
could
be
the
core
of
a
huge
amount
of
learning
new.
C
E
E
Is,
oh,
so
we're
not
time
to
think
laterally
just
get
that
next
problem
done,
because
you
want
to
get
a
1,400
or
letter
on
your
a
see
Terry
when
you
have
those.
So
that's
one
of
the
things
we
we
have
that
benefit
in
Ontario.
We
don't
have
the
final
exams
that
allows
them
do
this,
but
even
so,
Ontario
could
improve
a
far
lot
by
taking
away
the
top
down
requirements
of
the
curriculum
and
letting
the
people
who
are
involved
decide
on
the
things
they
need
to
learn
so
long.
E
This
is
this
makes
work
into
play
and
the
students
love
it.
It's
changed
my
entire
career,
and
this
is
why,
from
my
point
of
view,
the
open
source
ecology
provides
the
highest
level
of
stem
teachers
and
I
would
recommend
sure,
but
up
to
any
other
enthusiasts,
it's
just
so
incredible
what
we
can
do
in
collaboration,
so
I
hope,
I,
don't
know
what
time
we're.
A
Yeah,
okay,
William!
Thank
you!
So
much
so
what
a
great
example
it's
a
great
example
of
practical
work.
In
case
I
know
there
was
a
couple
of
cutouts
on
the
video
there,
but
I
did
get
it
recorded.
So
if
with
sound
here
so
any
one
of
the
remote
people
who
missed
it,
you
will
get
a
chance
to
watch
it
on
a
recording
which
I
will
do
like
right
after
we're
done
here
yesterday.
I
didn't
do
that.
Okay,
so
let
me
just
make
sure
I'm
on
the
right
screen
here.
A
Somehow
I'm
on
Williams
can
William.
Can
we
cut
you
out?
You
just
seem
to
be
dominating
my
desktop.
Sorry,
I!
Don't
know
why
I'm
not
able
to
switch
into
my
own
there.
Okay,
there
we
go
there.
We
go
okay,
now,
just
just
to
follow
up
on
Williams
work.
There
that's
one
design,
it's
a
particular
geometry
of
a
motor,
but
there's
different
ways
to
do
it.
A
What
he's
doing
is
called
a
radial
design
where
the
magnetic
field
kind
of
goes
in
towards
the
radius
there's
other
ways
to
do
it
like
axial,
where,
if
that's
the
shaft,
the
magnetic
field
goes
along
it.
It's
actually
much
easier
designed
to
implement
as
a
completely
looks
completely
different
than
that.
But
that's
actually,
we
think
is
much
easier
to
build,
and
actually
we
thought
the
course
to
do
could
be
the
core
of
the
cordless
drill
and
why
we're
interested
is
I
mean
the
motor
is
just
one
of
the
most
fundamental
tools
in
civilization.
A
Like
you
got
electric
motors,
you
got
hydraulic
motors,
you
got
engines,
but
here
we
have
an
example
of
building
that
from
scratch,
which,
when
we
started,
maybe
you
know
a
decade
ago.
It
was
like
wow,
we
didn't
even
think
about
3d
printing,
because
at
that
time
it
was
really
not
possible
and
you
do
have
magnetic
filaments
where
you
can
print
the
magnetic
core
to
a
decent
level.
The
guy,
the
originator
of
this.
His
efficiency
did
he'd,
get
it
up
to
like
80
percent
right.
E
E
A
A
The
bottom
line
on
the
the
axial
design
is
that
right
now,
not
using
magnetic
course,
because
there's
with
that
kind
of
design,
you
don't
need
a
magnetic
core.
It
actually
doesn't
help
it
because
of
the
way
it
because
of
its
geometry.
You
can
make
a
pretty
efficient
thing
and
just
like
with
a
cordless
drill
challenge,
we
are
open
to
people
doing
either
a
3d
printed,
electric
motor
or
just
getting
one
off
the
shelf.
A
Now,
there's
advantages
and
disadvantages
to
to
both
I
think
the
technology
is
there
that
we
can
absolutely
do
a
3d
printed
and
hopefully
open-source
homemade
one.
That's
highly
efficient,
because
there's
examples
when
we
worked
from
there
was
a
tiny
little
motor.
It
was
500.
Watts
very
fast
was
like
8,000
rpm,
or
so
it's
on
the
wiki
somewhere
I'm,
not
gonna,
pull
it
up
right
now,
okay,
but
let's
move
on
to
the
main
topic,
which
is
core
to
the
Steenkamp
right.
A
Okay,
so
people
locally
can
see
it
page
on
the
wiki
called
Universal
CNC
access.
So
yesterday
we
have
experimented
with
it
actually
building
it
and
to
review
the
basic
design.
You
have
a
linear
axis
with
a
motor
on
one
side.
The
carriage
is
the
only
thing
that
moves
back
and
forth
on
a
linear,
linear
guides
and
then
there's
an
idler
piece
on
the
other
side,
it's
belt
driven.
So
that's
one
of
the
aspects
of
belts.
I
mean
they're,
very
low
cost.
A
They
work
for
this
they're
as
strong
as
the
motor
that
drives
them.
Typically,
when
people
do
a
3d
printer,
they
use
not
belts
on
the
z-axis.
Typically,
it's
XY
that
is
belts
because
they're
efficient
lightweight,
but
on
the
z
axis.
Typically,
people
use
screws
like
ball
screws
or
other
precision
screw
which,
from
our
perspective,
oscy
is
about
reducing
part
count
and
simplicity.
A
So
we're
saying
well
how
about
we
just
use
that
for
the
z
axis
as
well,
and
we
did
exactly
that
so
so
we're
using
the
belts
on
all
axes
so
that
if
you
know
how
to
do
one,
you
know
how
to
do
all
of
them
and
that's
a
that's
a
great
point
of
simplification
for
everybody
now
I'm
having
trouble
loading
here,
but
okay,
you've
got
it
there.
So
maybe
I'll
take
a
look
at
that.
So
let's
go
to
them
on
a
wiki
page.
A
B
A
A
So
what
I
do
on
a
wiki
is
embed
like
it's
very
convenient
to
throw
pictures
up
onto
Facebook
and
then
embed
that
stuff
in
a
wiki
area.
So
you
don't
have
to
do
that
over
and
over
okay.
So
if
you
go
click
on
the
actual
Facebook
post
there,
okay,
so
this
is
an
exploded
part
diagram
showing
all
the
different
parts.
So
once
again,
three
different
parts
sets
so
you've
got
the
motor
side,
which
is
made
of
two
3d
printed
pieces.
You've
got
the
carriage
side
which
is
made
of
two
3d
printed
pieces.
A
You
can
also,
if
you
go
to
the
wiki
and
go
to
the
part
on
the
same
page,
you
probably
have
the
part
library
somewhere,
which,
let's
oh
there's,
a
dissipate.
If
there's
a
bigger
one
here,
okay,
so
this
one
here,
let's
take
a
look
at
that-
it's
actually
a
little
more
visible,
but
this
is
all
in
CAD
that
we
have
accessible.
So
you
can
download
old
individual
parts.
The
parts
that
we
3d
print
are
yeah.
A
Go
back,
go
back,
there's
you're,
basically
combining
the
general
concept
of
3d
printing,
which
is
you've,
got
complex,
geometries
that
are
achieved
by
3d
printing
and
that's
the
motor
piece,
the
carriage
piece,
the
idler.
They
have
complex
functions
that
you
need
to
accommodate
in
that
and
that's
very
convenient
using
3d
printing,
because
printing
is
good
at
that
you
can
get
complex,
geometries,
not
necessarily
so
much
strength,
because
plastic
is
between
five
and
ten
thousand
psi
compared
to
steel,
which
is
50
thousand
psi
and
up.
But
it's
still
like
one-fifth.
A
The
strength
of
steel
I
mean
that's,
that's
not
bad,
it's
better
than
wood,
and
so
let's
go
through
what
are
the
printed
pieces?
What
you
can
print
here?
So
we've
ended
three
three
carriage
the
three
axis
pieces.
But
if
you
want
to
go
a
little
more
fancy,
you
can
also
print
the
actual
pulley
that
goes
on
a
motor.
A
A
F
F
A
A
It
will
have
a
little
bit
more
friction
than
your
your
ball
bearings
that
are
the
metal
ones,
but
if
you
notice
the
current
ones
that
we're
building
they're,
actually
the
plastic,
a
glide
plastic
material-
and
you
can
actually
get
that
material
off
the
shell
as
3d,
printing,
filament,
they're
called
I-
guess:
bearings:
that's
the
brand,
so
some
of
them
that
we're
doing
we've
used
both
the
metal
ones
and
the
plastic
ones,
which
you
can
give
the
3d
printing
filament
for
those
plastic
ones
to
have
that
same
kind
of
a
low-low.
Resist!
No
friction!
A
So
that's
that's!
Really
good!
Next.
What
other
things
can
you
press
print?
So
so
we
can
definitely
print
the
pegs.
The
pegs
are
the
mechanism
that
that
bind
the
belt
into
place
so
that
you're
not
using
like
some
kind
of
a
screw
or
are
the
things
like
thinking
about
this
lowest
part
count
the
belt
a
lot
I
think
allows
you
to
both
tension.
It
and
there's
a
little
mechanism
for
doing
that,
but
allows
you
to
tension
and
hold
the
hold
the
belt
in
place
in
one
function.
A
So
it's
like
one
part
or
you
can
call
it
two
parts
that
do
that
function.
Otherwise
you
might
have
a
more
complicated
system
where
you'd
have
to
kind
of
like
wine
the
belt
around
something,
but
this
we're
kind
of
proud
of,
because
that's
like
the
simplest
thing
you
can
do
and
it
works
really
well,
okay.
So
what
are
some
of
the
other
features?
Okay
and
stop
holder
on
3d
printed?
Also,
the
end
stop
holder
that
we're
using
right
now
it
clamps
right
on
the
rods
and
that
you.
B
A
So
when
endstop
is
a
little
device,
you
put
an
electric
component
on
it
that
when
you
hit
the
end
stuff,
it's
got
a
little
lever
on
it.
It
detects
the
limit
of
motion.
Basically
it's
connected
to
the
controller,
and
it
says
okay
I've
reached
the
end
of
motion.
I'm
gonna
stop
there,
so
so
the
machine
can
oak
can
basically
orient
itself
as
far
as
where
it
is
because
the
machine
by
itself
doesn't
know
anything
without
feedback
of
end
stuff
is
one
element.
The
feedback
allows
it
to
know
that.
A
Okay,
now
the
carriage
hit
the
end,
stop
it's
gonna!
Stop
it's
gonna
know
that's
like
the
zero
point
or
whatever
you
set
set
it
to.
Let's
talk
about
the
axis
carriage,
the
motor
piece:
what
are
the
functions
required
there?
One
you
got
attach
the
motor
to
you
want
to
attach
the
motor
piece
to
something
else
like
a
frame
and
three.
A
You
need
a
place
where
the
motor
shaft
and
the
pulley
goes
through,
so
that
the
belt
can
be
swung
around
it,
so
that
geometry
is
basically
built
into
those
those
motor
motor
pieces
and
the
other
element
about
the
motor
is
that
you
have
interior
nut.
Catcher.
You
see
these
two
nuts
on
I
mean
I
just
go
up,
so
we're
matching
okay.
A
So
the
you
see
these
two
nuts
that
go
into
the
both
of
the
motor
piece
and
actually
the
idler
either
piece
those
two
nuts
go
into
a
shape
that
holds
the
nut
in
place.
So
you
can
screw
a
bolt
into
that
in
order
to
be
able
to
take
the
motor
piece
or
idler
piece
and
attach
something
else
through
the
bolt
holes
of
another
piece.
You
can
do
it
like
that
or
like
that.
So
it's
an
attachment
mechanism.
Right
now,
in
the
current
version
of
D
3
D
V
19.6,
we
are
not
using
the
nut
catchers.
A
We
don't
have
to
because
of
the
way
the
geometry
works.
We're
actually
using
these
other
angle
brackets
in
order
to
expand
the
available
travel
area
of
the
axes,
but
in
the
former
versions
and
in
other
versions.
If
you
need
to
one
axis
at
a
right
angle,
to
another
carriage
piece
as
you
need
to
so
you
can
mount
an
axis
either
flat
against
the
surface
through
the
bolt
holes
that
go
through
the
3d
printed
pieces
or
you
can
attach
them
to
the
end
pieces
with
bolts
that
go
into
the
ends
and
I.
A
If
you
look
at
the
pieces,
if
you
examine
that
more
carefully
in
a
workshop,
you'll
see
that
in
more
detail.
But
that
feature
allows
you
a
flexibility
of
a
connection
that
allows
different
geometries
to
be
made
like,
for
example,
in
an
absolute
simplest
variation
of
the
3d
printer.
You
can
have
one
bed
that
moves
back
and
forth
and
you
can
have
a
vertical
axis
and
then
a
third
axis
like
this
or
like
that,
attached
to
it
through
those
nut
catchers
or
you
can
lay
it
like
that
with
the
through
bolt
holes.
A
So
you
have
variations
like
this
or
like
like
that,
that
you
can
do.
But
the
idea
is,
we've
got
bolt
holes
which
can
attach
to
other
things,
so
you
can
attach
things
like
whatever
tool
heads
you
have
to
the
carriage
piece
and
for
the
end
pieces,
which
are
the
idler
and
the
motor
piece
you
can
attach
that
to
a
frame
flat
against
the
frame
or
you
can
attach
it
between
the
carriages
of
another
axis.
So
there's
flexibility
there,
which
allows
you
many
many
different
geometries
like
William.
A
A
Both
y-axis
from
this
case
we've
got
two
X
axes.
Why?
In
that
case
we
have
a
spindle
that
touches
actually
mills
for
a
circuit.
Little
circuit
mill
same
C
circuit
mill
is
a
device
that
can
etch.
If
you've
got
a
copper
flat
board,
you
can
mill
out
a
complex
circuit
pattern
or
or
you
can
mill
light
aluminum
with
that,
so
it
has
force.
So
in
that
case
we
wanted
to
do
two
of
the
X
axes.
A
A
E
D
A
A
A
If
you
don't
do
that,
you're
gonna
have
the
pulley
spin,
you
think
all
the
motors
not
working
the
shaft
will
just
spin
inside
the
motor,
but
there's
two
set
screws
there
like
about
I,
think
60
degrees
away
from
each
other,
and
that's
a
configuration
that
you
like
to
use.
You
don't
want
to
do
them
actually
opposite
one
another.
That's
the
way
set
screws
work,
you
kind
of
want
to
have
them.
Think
60
is
the
best
angle
so
that
they
hold
the
most
tightly
blares
two
set
screws
and
there's
a
tiny
little
little
ranch.
A
That
does
that,
but
you
have
to
get
it,
get
it
tight
on
there.
Otherwise
it
will
spin.
So
you
they
want
to
do
that
when
you,
when
you
build
the
axes,
just
make
sure
that
all
the
axis
pieces
they
are
pretty
clean
of
any
extra
plastic
where
the
rods
go
in
so
make
sure
that
on
a
especially
on
the
carriage
side,
the
carriage
side
there
is
no
interference
like
or
the
holes
for,
the
bearings
are
that
the
rods
just
go.
A
It
goes
smoothly
in
and
out
so
and
and
axes
that
you're
working
with
just
make
sure
that
that
is
clear.
Otherwise,
the
axis
will
be
no
the
character,
be
a
little
tight.
Now,
how
do
you?
How
do
you
tighten
the
belt?
A
There's
a
there's,
a
video
on
the
with
you,
I
guess
William.
Can
you
search
if
it's
if
it's
on
a
wiki
but
there's
that's
like
the
only
tricky
part
and
maybe
non-intuitive,
of
how
you
assemble
access
together?
So
what
you
do
concept
is
that
the
belt
pegs
that
hold
the
axis
together
that
hold
the
belt
in
place.
They
have
a
hole
in
them
so
on
one
side,
you're
threading
the
belt
through
that
hole
and
then
you're
catching
the
other
belt
side.
It's
not
easy
to
explain.
A
So
the
tensioning
mechanism
is
allowed
by
that
the
hollow
nature
of
the
hole-
and
we
can
send
a
link-
maybe
afterwards,
after
this,
because
it's
on
there
I
know
Shane
did
a
video
Shane
was
the
guy
who
did
the
CNC
circuit
mill.
He
put
a
video
up
how
you
tighten
the
belt,
but
I
can
show
that
in
in
a
workshop,
and
maybe
we
can
videotape
that
for
everybody's
reference,
nice
little
quick
video
on
that
would
be
a
good
instructional.
We
have
one
I
think
we
have
some
good
cameras
here.
A
We
should
take
advantage
of
them
to
do
them.
Okay,
William,
maybe
go
back
yeah,
let's
just
go
back,
so
this
is
5/16
or
8
millimeter.
In
the
case
of
the
Aussie
printer
reduced.
Both
5/16
rods,
which
are
about
7.92
millimeters
they're,
almost
8
millimeters.
They
will
work
still
they're
slightly
in
the
slight
little
play
in
there
like
very,
very
slight,
but
it
does
still
work
so
for
the
metric
guys.
You
can
easily
get
eight
millimeter
rods
in
Europe
in
America,
here,
they're
like
actually
a
little
harder
to
get
and
there's
more
access
to
that
I'm.
A
Looking
for
chrome
rods,
for
example,
from
mcmaster-carr,
which
is
a
good
supplier
for
us,
it's
got
everything
they
have
more
in
the
5/16
than
1/8
8
millimeter.
So
it's
just
differences
in
sourcing,
but
the
only
thing
you
have
to
pay
attention
there
you
can.
You
can
use
both
5/16
and
8
millimeter
in
the
current
system.
So
let's
go
to
the
one
inch
universal
axis
and
then
let's
go
to
the
two
it
William.
Can
you
pull
up
the
one
inch?
A
So
if
you
go
at
the
very
top
click
on
the
1
inch,
Universal
axis,
there's
a
wiki
page
on
that.
So
now,
let's
scale
this
up
and
make
it
larger.
So
here
you
now
see
one-inch
axis
solid
shaft
as
just
one
inch
cold-rolled
steel
and
in
one
case
we
actually
use
these
plastic
3d
printed,
bearings,
they're,
larger
there
they've
got
more
resistance,
they
do
work,
but
in
a
torch
table
that
we
built
last
year
two
years
ago,
was
it
we
used
metal
bushings
which
are
easy
to
source
from
mcmaster-carr.
A
A
So
it's
an
oil
impregnated
brass
bushing
that
you
shouldn't.
We
should
have
to
BLM
on
this
page.
No,
we
don't
yeah.
There
is
so.
The
bushing
is
one
of
the
most
critical
items
here.
This
is
on
mcmaster-carr.
It's
an
easy
gliding.
It's
Wow
see
ya
the
price
just
shot
off
through
the
roof
right
now,
it's
four
dollar:
seventy
five
cents.
Each
right
now
used
to
be
about
two
dollars
last
year.
So
this
is
the
China
embargo.
It
seems
like.
B
A
A
You
just
press
the
pegs
in
and
they
they're
a
friction
fit
and
the
belt
is
actually
capturing.
There's
two
belt
belt
holes.
One
is
smooth,
the
other
one
is
ribbed.
The
smaller
belt
hole
is
the
one
where
you
put
the
belt
pegs,
the
the
other
hole
will
be
too
large.
The
belt
pegs
will
be
very
loose
in
my
okay,
so
the
concept
is:
we've
got
business.
Oh
maybe
lower
I'll
just
speak
over
that.
Okay,
so
you've
got
your
put
it
pulling
one
belt
through
all
the
way
put
it
around
the
peg.
A
Now
the
belt
peg
handle
is
facing
towards
the
rods.
Let
me
see
maybe
I'll
on
the
gypsy
meet
here.
I'll
I'll
stop
sharing
my
screen
and
turn
on
the
video
which
is
more
interesting.
Yeah
there
we
go
so
you
guys
can
can
take
a
look
at
that
on
a
remote.
A
The
basic
idea
is
so
you
push
it
on
the
belt.
All
the
way
through
you
can
pull
push
the
belt
peg
in.
That
belt
will
be
loose
there.
It
slides
in
and
out
of
the
hole
okay.
Well
now
you
can
just
simply
tension
it
by
using
pliers
and
then
just
put
the
other
peg
on
the
other
side
and
that's
it.
So
if
you
can
remember
that
and
then
you
can
kind
of
strum
the
belt
and
it'll
be
like
a
guitar,
but
the
thing
is
like
with
the
pliers
you
can
easily
rip
that
belt.
A
You
can
get
it
super
tight.
Just
just
do
it
very
gently
so
that
you're
just
tidying
up
and
then
you're
you're,
putting
in
the
belt
peg
on
the
other
side,
and
that's
it
so
no
complex
mechanism,
it's
just
a
through
hole
which
allows
you
this
just
make
sure
the
belt
those
the
angles
are
facing
towards
the
rods
not
towards
the
inside,
because
that
that
wouldn't
work
so
well.
B
A
H
A
Another
detail
and
there
in
that
dub
the
belt
peg
holes
are
tapered
and
they
go
all
the
way
through.
They
don't
have
to
go
I'm
just
curious.
Well,
do
the
hall
has
to
go
all
the
way
through
because
the
belt
obviously
goes
there,
but
the
ribs
don't
really
need
to
go
all
the
way,
but
it's
convenient
because
say
you
want
to
use
a
longer
belt
peg.
You.
A
What
else
to
say
about
that
the
peg
and
the
peg
hole
are
tapered,
so
that
you're,
like
with
the
part
that
you
push
it
into
harder
and
grips.
So
that's
part
of
the
design.
Okay!
Well,
let's
go
back
to
the
one-inch
axis
just
to
go
over
briefly
on
that
we've
modified
it.
So
it's
we're
not
just
scaling
the
like.
When
you
talk
about
scalability,
you
don't
just
take
and
enlarge
it
absolutely
exactly
part
of
scalability
is
understanding
that
ok!
Well,
you.
B
A
A
C
A
We
added
three
hulls
further
than
not
captures,
so
you
can
make
the
fashioner
to
something
else
from
the
side
before
we
have
to
show
you
this
bigger
happier.
You
want
to
have
more
hold
on
it.
We
added
another
feature
and
then
you
still
have
the
standard.
Small
NEMA
17
monitor
ball
poles,
but
if
you've
got
a
bigger
machine
when
I
use
bigger
motor,
so
we
added
another
ball
pattern
for
the
next
size
up
motor,
which
is
NEMA
23,
so
that
you
have
a
much
more
torque
on
that.
So
this
kind.
A
A
A
You
can
well
use
that
if
you
need
more
power,
use
a
bigger
motor,
I,
think
I
know
what
you're
doing
if
you're
doing
in
an
avocado
non-contact
things
such
as
a
porch
table,
even
in
the
tiny
motor
will
work.
That's
what
we
did
a
couple
of
years
ago.
They
keep
doing
a
CNC
router,
for
example.
That's
compact
machining.
You
need
some
force
to
move
it,
so
you
might
want
to
use
a
bigger
motor
in
that
case
and
the.
A
A
A
A
Interchangeable
now
we
have
them
to
design
the
two
inch
access.
Yet
when
we
do
that
with
it
a
bit
across,
then
we
might
want
to
make
it
compatible
with
his
ball
pad
or
two
or
maybe
not
because
in
a
big,
very
beta
version.
I
think
we
want
to
go
to
the
larger
halls.
When
you
talk
about,
if
you
have
seen
the
shafts
that
are
under
the
table,.
C
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
C
G
C
C
A
A
F
C
A
C
A
A
C
C
A
A
And
I
better
to
produce
that
man,
if
you
were
to
print
those
push
pieces,
I,
did
some
samples
that
I
just
put
it
into
cura
the
slicer
for
a
3d
printer
I,
looked
at
okay,
how
much
material
am
I
gonna
use
if
I'm
gonna
do
a
hundred
percent
because
yeah
we
want
to
use
100
percent
infill
when
we're
using
those
heavy
in
taxis.
Well,
it
takes
about
one
spool
like
3/4,
of
a
spoiler
up
to
one
spool
to
print
just
like
one
piece,
so
don't
get
pretty
expensive.
We
talking
about
20
dollars
per
per
piece.
A
36
is
its
double
clamshell
and
each
one
is
pretty
heavy.
So
the
point
is
like
when
you,
when
you're
designing
and
building
this,
you
have
to
take
a
look
at
your
costs
involved
as
well.
If
you're
gonna
be
printing
large
things
yeah,
you
got
to
start
paying
attention
like
it
be
printing
furniture
or
anything
else.
That's
heavy
anything
like
tables
chairs,
your
refrigerator
bodies
and
whatever
skateboards
you're
gonna
have
to
look
at
the
weight
and
it
becomes
feasible
construction,
material,
astok,
lumber
or
or
plumbing
all
doable.
But
you
get
into
into
away
from.
A
This
is
3d
printing.
This
is
materials
processing
talking
about
then
getting
thousand
pound
bales
of
trash
and
throwing
them
in
a
big
big
grinder.
If
you're
gonna
do
that
economically
efficiently
and
like
village
scale,
but
for
I
think
you
can
do
a
small
business
with
a
small
grinder.
You
know
you
recycle
plastic
from
various
sources,
but
at
the
next
level,
where
you
want
to
do
like
very
as
efficient
as
it
gets,
it
gets
into
just
massive
materials
handling
if
you're
gonna
be
making
3d
print
filament
for
sale.
A
No,
that's
a
thousand
thousand
rolls
well,
but
the
numbers
add
up
for
in
terms
of
heaviness
for
the
torch
table,
just
as
an
example,
if
we're
using
plastic
off-the-shelf,
$10
a
pound,
we're
talking
about
thirty
six
pieces
and
each
each
piece
is
gonna,
weigh
about
a
pound,
a
pound
or
two
they're
gonna
be
better
good
like
if
you
talk
about
two
inch
axes
so
36
times,
20,
$720,
Justin,
Plastic,
Man,
and
that's
that
gets
heavy.
You
want
to
get
victim
and
get
that
down
to
a
few
dollars.
A
C
A
Collaborative
design
for
transparent
and
inclusive
economy
of
abundance,
if
we
take
take
a
look
at
the
word
inclusive,
that
means
production
for
everybody.
No
barriers
inclusive
implies
that
were
making
the
filament.
We
cannot
afford
720
dollars
for
a
heavy-duty
middle
like
that,
because
there's
gonna
be
much
more
other
costs,
so
bring
it
down
to
make
it
inclusive,
make
it
accessible
to
everybody.
So
it's
not
just
something
that
someone
will
capital
can
do,
but
someone
who
can
bootstrap
from
nothing
you've
got
ideas.
You've
got
the
tools
you
can
bootstrap.
A
And
if
you
go
on
solar,
it's
less
than
that
so
with
PV.
That's
using
off-the-shelf
photovoltaic
switch
today
are
are
hovering
around
40
cents.
A
lot
I
mean
if
you
understand
that
number
that
translates
to
about
2
cent
2
to
4
cent
electricity
cost
as
low
as
1.5
at
our
house,
where
our
cost
of
up
just
is
1.5
cents
per
kilowatt
hour
at
the
city,
go
home
using
a
DIY
photovoltaic
system
that
we
put
in.
But
that's
that's
a
game-changer
give
access
to
low-cost
electricity.
All
this
becomes
feasible.
A
We
talked
about
the
Sun
providing
10,000
times
more
power
than
we
use
in
the
entire
civilization.
So
that's
an
abundant
resource
that
can
take
us
there.
So
that's
a
brief
overview
of
the
universal
axis
and
we
can
continue
to
actually
explore
the
real-life.
What
you
can
do
to
get
more
familiar
with
it
is.
There
are
part
libraries
on
a
wiki.
A
So
if
you
go
to
the
this
universal
axis
page
or
a
3d
printer
part
library
page
on
the
wiki,
you
can
download
all
the
individual
files
and
manipulate
them
and
view
them
in
freecad
so
that
you
can
examine
what
they
look
like
or
you
can
take
the
SD
LS
that
we
have
online.
You
can
throw
them
into
cura,
which
is
the
3d
printing
software,
and
you
can
start
looking
at
okay.
A
How
much
print
time
does
it
take
for
different
snares
that
could
be
printed
standard
is
20%
infill,
printing,
how
much
time
and
energy
does
it
take
to
print
to
20%
versus
a
hundred
percent,
so
you
can
kind
of
start
getting
a
feeling
curve
got
to
be
doing
real
product
design.
You
have
to
start
looking
at
costs
like
what.
What
is
the
exact
cost
of?
How
much
does
it
take
to
produce
it
say:
I
want
to
be
making
you
know.
If
you
set
up
your
your
printer
cluster,
you
just
want
to
produce
plumbing
fittings.
A
You
know
say
it's
a
fully
automated
process.
You
can
actually
beat
Menards
in
terms
of
the
costs
if
set
up
properly
so,
but
you
cannot
do
it
if
you
use
off-the-shelf
filament
unless
you're
doing
a
high
value
parts,
but
you
can
even
do
the
low
value
stuff
that
you
find
at
Menards
if
you
are
making
your
own
filament.
So
the
case
here
is
that
wow
we
can
distribute
production
massively.
A
Now
there
are
very
serious
challenges
to
that
and
I
think
they're
being
overcome
as
time
goes
on,
and
that
is
the
exelon
designs,
open
source
production,
engineering,
there's
the
quality
control.
That's
a
huge
huge
thing:
how
do
you
get
apart
to
meet
all
the
specs?
You
know
a
big
one
and
we're
gonna
have
to
address
that
in
a
cordless
drill
Channel
of
next
year,
because
if
we're
gonna
have
50
to
100
people
producing,
you
cannot
have
that
they
have
all
types
of
variations
and
features
in
between
the
different
versions.
A
It
has
to
be
pretty
meet
or
exceed
industry
standards,
women,
meaning
they
have
to
be
identical.
So
as
a
start,
everyone
will
have
to
use
the
same
production
equipment,
which
means
open-source
equipment.
That's
really
settle
on.
This
is
a
version
that
we
use
and
we
go
with
it
and
part
of
that
like
on
newer
building
the
universal
access
yesterday.
A
My
shortcoming
on
that
was
that
we
keep
changing
stuff.
So
this
is
up
to
the
latest
version
and
and
I
gotta
make
a
decision
some
somewhere,
because
it's
like
we
added
up
new
features,
but
every
time
you
do
that
the
minor
variations
like
in
a
setting
like
right
now,
you
saw
how
complicated
it
was
to-
or
maybe
it
wasn't
as
transparent
as
it
could
be
because
they
were
even
in
when
we
were
building.
A
We
had
some
options
like
using
a
spacer
or
not
like
moving
target
is
a
hard
thing
and,
and
we
need
to
settle
the
naveen,
which
is
going
to
be
absolutely
critical
for
both
replicating
workshops
like
this
and
getting
production
out
there.
So
that's
a
thing
that
have
to
do
it,
freeze
somewhere,
because
what
we
have
is
good
enough,
but
just
to
tell
you
that
freeze
is
the
only
thing
that
that
makes
me
uncomfortable
is
once
again
inclusive
economy
of
abundance.
A
We
cannot
do
the
freeze,
in
my
opinion,
it's
kind
of
like
trimming
this
last
night.
We
cannot
do
that
if
the
advanced
extruder
that
does
the
fast
and
furious
printing
and
high
quality
printing,
meaning
right
now,
the
off
shelf
off
shell
version.
That
does
that
is
the
titan
arrow
with
that
they
have
the
supervolcano
nozzle.
A
That
gets
you
to
even
doing
construction
materials
because
you,
the
extrusion
right
there
is
20
pounds
of
plastic
per
day.
That's
like
10
rolls
of
plastic
per
day.
That's
the
supervolcano
nozzle
of
Peter
block
on
the
e3d
extruder,
which
is
what
we're
using.
But
the
only
trouble
is
that
that
package
is
cost
$250,
that's
as
much
as
a
3d
printer,
low-cost
3d
printer.
So
that's
that's
kind
of
like
the
the
China.
A
C
A
A
You
you
machine,
something
you
make,
it
add
value,
add
information
to
grow
matter
and
you
charge
a
lot
of
money
for
it.
Well,
if
we
have
the
open
source
information
that
we're
taking
it
down
from
a
25
cent
block
to
something
you
put
on
your
CNC
circuit
mill
or
mill
in
general,
that's
open
source
and
you
create
$100
value
with
30
minutes
of
machining.
That's
good!
A
That
makes
sense
so
I
mean
that's
the
kind
of
stuff
we
got
to
get
to
and
once
again
it's
it's,
why
we're
doing
the
steam
camps
and
trying
to
spread
this?
So
we
can
teach
people
about
all
this
and
have
people
do
the
thousands
of
these
problem
problems
that
are
of
economic,
significant
value
that
that
can
be
done
using
open
source
technology.
So
let's
leave
it
at
that,
so
we'll
pretty
much
wrap
up
the
remote
session.
You
guys
can
still
hang
out,
but
we're
going
to
talk
here.
Maybe
any
questions
on
the
universal
access
system.
A
G
A
That
may
be
a
thing
that
we
might
have
to
pay
attention
to
never
really
ran
into
this
problem,
but
that's
the
kind
of
variations
and
quality
control.
We
need
to
really
nail
nail
out
because,
as
we
are
as
we're
moving
forward
and
changing
the
moving
target
thing,
maybe
like
things
change
slightly,
so
we
really
got
it
once
again.
Maybe
get
that
to
the
finish
line.
Yeah
we
haven't
had
that
issue
really,
but
if
that's
a
personal
one
you
know
putting
attention
to
that,
then
see
we
can
do
okay,
so
we
have
a
question.
A
First
of
all,
there
will
be
another
remote
session
this
afternoon
that
so
we're
going
to
commit.
We
really
try
to
stick
to
the
schedule
at
9:00
and
that's
what
we're
promising
and
otherwise
can't
guarantee
anything.
So
that's
definitely
happening
and
we'll
tackle
a
little
bit
of
collaborative
literacy.
After
that
we
have
another
question
here:
what
sessom
a
cost
of
the
parts
of
the
universal
access
for
a
medium
sized
build?
The
axis
is:
what
is
it
like?
$25,
an
axis
or
the
universal
axis,
I
can
break
it
down.
A
The
most
expensive
part
is
the
motor,
which
is
eight
dollars.
You
can
get
those
the
rods
are
I
forget
what
they
are,
but
it's
the
plastic
pieces,
it's
it's
as
much
as
you.
It
cost
you
to
3d
print
them.
If
you
have
your
own
3d
printer,
that's
you
know
50
cents
or
a
dollar
there's
the
bolts
which
are
like
15
cents,
each
there's
the
belt,
which
is
under
a
dollar.
There's
the
the
idler
bearings
they're
about
a
60
cents,
each.
A
So
we
haven't
done
that,
but
that's
a
doable
thing
so
that
you
can
really
try
to
push
the
limits
now
we're
using
easy
to
source
off-the-shelf
parts
and
proven
there
will
will
worked
out.
But
if
you
do
make
any
of
these
change,
such
as
using
3d
printed,
bearings,
idlers
or
pulleys,
okay,
then
you
need
to
know
doing
and
it's
harder,
but
once
open
source
and
open
sourced
in
the
production,
engineering
level
and
quality
control
that
becomes
replicable.
A
So
that
means
publishing
all
the
settings
files
that
you
using
to
3d
print
them
publishing
all
that
surrounding
production
information,
that's
necessary!
It's
not
just
you
have
a
file
and
you
just
print
it
there's
knowledge
and
settings
what
printer
you're,
using
and
sulfur
material
materials
choices
that
that
are
relevant.
Okay.
Another
question:
from
a
cost
standpoint:
what
about
3d,
printing
molds
and
casting
from
aluminum
into
them?
The
good
propane-powered
metal
casting
furnace
is
cheap
to
build
about
or
about
three
hundred
dollars
to
purchase
exactly
so
that's
one
of
the
great
uses
of
3d
printing.
A
A
They
actually
have
other
materials
that
are
more
dedicated
for
3d
printing,
but
then
you
just
burn
that
out
or
actually
pour
directly
into
that
if
you
have
a
proper
design
and
it
burns
out
and
leaves
just
the
metal
so
there's
a
very
direct
link
from
3d
printing
to
metal,
especially
if
you
could
now
what
about
steel?
If
you
can
melt
steel?
A
Yes,
you
have
to
have
some
information
about
the
refractory
material,
because
plaster
of
Paris
will
not
do
steel
you're
talking
about
1500
Celsius,
but
that
is
a
great
use
case
if
we
can
open
source
the
refractory
material
and
the
whole
process
around
that.
That
is
just
huge
value
right
there,
that's
one
of
the
thousands
of
extremely
valuable:
that's
that's
a
multibillion-dollar
project
in
terms
of
value
well,
doable
and
distributed
production.
Someone
has
to
do
it
and
develop
the
open
source.
A
Induction
furnace
is
in
the
GVCS,
the
global
village
construction
set,
so
we're
all
set
for
that
in
the
future.
Right
now
we
do
that,
but
we'd
love
to
cast.
For
example.
At
that
point,
you
can
do
much
more
accurate
casting
of
things
like
sprockets
or
even
years.
If
you
do
gears,
you'd
have
to
probably
pulsed
machine
it
to
a
very
fine
finish,
because
gears
are
typically
finished
with
grinding
to
get
a
super
precise
surface
on
them.
A
But
yes,
direct
link
to
metal
through
the
plastic
by
using
that
as
molds
a
great
use
case
yeah
and
they
said
common
is
cowboy
casting,
builds
a
300
plus
furnace
that
can
melt
steel
yeah.
Once
again,
that's
almost
almost
doable
with
an
electric
low
cost
electric
furnace.
You
can
do
that
for
not
for
steel,
but
for
cast
iron,
which
melts
actually
around
1,200
Celsius.
So
using
a
very
inexpensive,
nichrome
or
Kanthal.
Cantle
is
another
form
of
nichrome
heat
wire
using
Kanthal
wire
and
the
techniques
we
will
do
today.
A
Yes,
absolutely
all
that,
like
the
furnaces
kilns
for
pottery,
metal,
melting,
furnaces,
heater
elements,
toaster
ovens
and
all
that,
that's
all
that
also
comes
right
out
of
that
kind
of
technology,
so
once
again
reinforcing
the
idea
that
there's
some
very
basic,
primitive
technology
elements
that
are
used
in
many
many
applications.
So
if
you
have
a
basic
idea
of
the
building
blocks,
you
can
really
go
to
town
in
a
construction
setup
relish.
So
that's
idea
any
other
questions.
A
Please
talk
about
3d,
printer
PCB
controller.
What
controller
is
used
Arduino
and
what
motor
controllers
chips
are
used?
Please,
okay,
that's
the
universal
controller,
the
universal
controller
that
controls
the
3d
printer
can
be
used
identically,
but
with
different
software
for
the
CNC
circuit
mill,
it's
arduino
based.
It's
got
the
arduino
mega
with
like
50
input/output
pins.
It's
like
what
is
it
like?
What
is
it
like?
32
megahertz?
A
Is
it
it's
a
it's
a
processor
that
if
you
know
how
to
use
it
well,
you
can
get
up
to
applications
like
laser
cutters
which
move
or
laser
engravers.
So
the
answer
to
that
question
is
the
universal
controller,
which
is
the
same
one
essentially
that
we're
using
for
the
3d
printer.
So
we've
got
that
as
a
package,
that's
applicable
to
not
only
the
CNC
machines
but
also
to
the
brick
presses
and
any
other
automated
equipment
that
we
want
to
build
the
motor
controller
chips
that
we
use.
So
we
use
the
Rams
board.
A
It's
called
the
little
shield
that
we
use
on
top
of
the
the
Arduino
is
called
ramps.
It's
called
RepRap
Arduino
mega
Pololu
shield,
that's
the
abbreviation
for
that.
It
uses
these
tiny
stepper
drivers,
which
are
a
4
9,
9
8,
or
these
other
Pololu
drivers.
Or
you
can
google
Pololu
stepper
drivers,
tiny
little
chips,
cost
like
a
dollar
each
or
less
than
a
dollar
each.
You
can
get
those
same
chips
that
are
the
recent.
In
the
last
couple
of
years
they
came
out
with
ones
that
are
absolutely
silent
and
ones.
A
Typically,
three
printers
make
a
lot
of
noise,
and
these
machines
can
make
a
bunch
of
whining
noises
when
they
run,
but
they
made
ones
that
are
completely
silent
and
ones
that
can
detect
when
the
current
goes
higher.
In
other
words,
if
you
hit
a
limit
like
say
you
hit
the
actual
end
you
in
that
case,
you
don't
need
an
end,
stop,
because
the
chip
actually
detects
when
you
have
hit
and
cause
higher
current.
A
A
Yes,
those
are
the
plugins
simple
Pololu
style
steppers,
but
you
can
plug
in
any
external
driver,
so
using
three
pins
out
of
those
that
connection
you
just
can
wire
that
up
to
a
stepper
driver
of
any
size,
so
we
can
run
a
machine
as
big
as
you
like
any
size,
so
the
system
is
designed
for
either
the
internal
built
in
the
snap-in,
small
stepper
drivers,
polo
style,
stepper
drivers
or
external
ones,
and
I'll
be
talking
more
about
that
with
the
universal
controller
session.
So
we
can
maybe
save
it
for
there.
A
A
C
A
The
CNC
circuit
mill
right
now
has
the
capacity
to
do
half
millimeter
traces.
This
is
professional
grade,
so
you
can
look
at
the
paper.
If
you,
google,
on
the
wiki,
go
to
the
d3d
cnc
circuit
mill,
you
can
look
at
its
specs
and
there's
a
link
to
the
paper
on
that.
That
is
ready
to
be
taken
to
town
once
again,
multiple
numbers
of
things
that
and
that
can
be
taken
to
two
replicable
grade.
A
Do
we
do
SMD
for
mounting
or
drilled
through
holes,
surface
mount
components
you
can
mill
with
a
circuit
mill.
You
can
mount
circuit
mount
components
to
that,
there's
components
that
don't
have
like
through-hole
wires.
Some
were
just
like
surface
mount
it.
You
can
mount
those.
Now
we
typically
the
the
circuits
we
did
before
with
a
circuit
mill.
They
were
through-hole
for
standard
compounds,
but
you
can
do
both.
The
limit
is
that
you're
limited
to
two
sides
that
could
be
take
a
copper
board.
You
can
mill
on
one
side.
A
You
can
also
mill
the
other
side,
what
you
have
to
flip
it,
and
so
it's
manual
work
unless
you
automate
that
that's
the
current
status
should
make
a
CNC
soldering
device
for
the
above
yeah
I.
Think
the
nichrome
heater
element
gets
you
directly
to
that
technology.
Can
you
design
it?
Thank
you
after
the
this
18
lessons,
you'll
be
probably
able
to
design.
So
it's
a
challenge
for
you
who,
whoever
acid
that's
Eric:
okay,
JP
NP!
A
What
software
is
used
for
circuit
design
that
the
CNC
circuit
mill
uses
he
can
so
kicad
is
a
powerful,
open
source
package
that
you
can
do
any
kind
of
design
it
it's
competitive
with
Eagle
CAD
I
can
do
just
about
anything
in
there.
It
has
interconnection
to
freak
out,
so
you
can
export
kicad,
ki
C
ad
great
piece
of
software
professional
grade
now
in
this
whole
search.
You
didn't
hear
me
talk
a
little
bit
about
computer
chips
that
we
can
make
them
on
our
30
acre
farm.
A
Well,
they
do
have
components
of
that
already
and
that
is
open
source
chip
design.
Software
is
already
out
there.
People
all
the
capacity
is
out
there.
It's
GPL
licensed
it's
fully
open
source.
It's
actually
managed
by
the
Free
Software
Foundation
program.
I
forget
the
name
zone,
but
there's
a
couple
of
them
circuit
design.
Salt,
like
chip,
design
software
like
the
real
complex
stuff.
A
F
A
C
A
C
A
A
Oh
yeah,
if
you
can
contribute
to
them,
maybe
yeah
throw
down
some
ideas.
What
I
would
like
to
suggest
for
everybody
is
start
along
the
most
easy
way
for
people
to
find
each
other
is
like
Haven
log
march
and
log
William
log.
We
can
find
those
pages
on
the
wiki.
Wiki
is
wiki
dot,
open
source,
ecology,
dot,
org,
slash,
wiki,
it's
complicated,
but
Google
OSC
wiki
get
an
account
and
start
a
lock.
A
That's
why
it's
so
like,
for
example,
Michael
you
saying
you
hear
hey,
that's
a
good
thing:
do
it
and
then
how
do
I
find?
How
do
I
know
that
you
did
it
well,
look
ember
that
conversation
I'll
associated
with
you,
I'll,
look
at
your
log.
So
if
you
didn't
I'm
gonna
know
it's
there.
Otherwise
you
might
put
it
on
some
page
where
you
know
nobody
knows,
but
it's
the
easiest
if
you
organize
by
name
because
it's
making
mystifying.
So
that's
that's
convenient.
A
So
don't
do
that
now
for
right
now,
working
with
what
we
have.
What
can
we
do?
One
thing
I
want
to
point
out
and
I
know
some
people
are
taking
notes,
but
absolutely
take
notes.
Try
to
take
notes
because
I
know
I
said
time
things
many
times
yesterday.
Can
we
do
that
experiment?
Can
everybody
get?
Does
anybody
take
notes
here?
I
see
a
few
people,
but
I
really
like
to
take
my
pad
notebook,
but
do
something
do
something
where
you
can
capture
the
information
cuz
I'm
telling
you
like,
we
are
so
limited
in
our
memory.
C
A
All
will
be
available.
This
is
the
lecture
right
now.
I've
been
recording
all
of
this
with
a
screen
capture
using
OBS
studio.
So
we
are,
we
do
have
all
of
this,
so
we
can
review
that,
and
especially
for
the
remote
people
you
can.
The
video
will
actually
be
cover
some
of
the
dead
spots.
If
you
want
to
go
over
that
anything
else.
A
On
the
learnings
like
okay
cuz,
the
idea
was
for
collaborative
literacy
is
how
do
we
work
together
and
teach
each
other
so
we're
picking
up
the
learning
curve
on
this
stuff,
but
what
I
would
like
to
propose?
We
work
as
a
team,
so
what
we
found
throughout
the
years
is
that
if
we
stop
and
the
first
person
that's
done
is
liberated
to
the
step
and
that's
why
I
said:
do
the
first
two
axes
get
there.
A
That
defines
a
breaking
point
so
at
that
point
first
person
that
does
that
helps
everybody
else,
because
otherwise
we're
not
gonna
finish
that
we've
seen
it
over
and
over
so
try.
This
we've
gotten
consistently
better
results
when
we
attempt
to
first-person
finished
help,
others
that
may
not
be
easy.
That's
probably
not
how
we
think,
but
do
that,
but
doesn't
really
want
to
emphasize
that.
A
So
it's
a
very
clear
bright
point,
so
I
would
say
so.
The
main
challenge
right
now
is
doing
all
the
frames
so
ideally
yeah,
it's
it's
kind
of
I'm,
not
picturing
the
whole
thing,
but
definitely
the
break
point
will
be
frames
are
done.
That
means
we
got
to
drill
those
holes
and
two
axes
mounted.
That's
our
reorganizing
point.
We
bring
everybody
up
to
the
two
frame
to
the
two
axes
and
quality
control
it,
meaning
that
okay,
we
look
at
it.
We
look
at
it,
make
sure
there's
nothing
wrong
with
it.
A
C
A
E
One
thing
I
found
on
my
stem
classes:
there's
a
lot
of
specialization
and
very
custom,
never
one
having
the
same
outcomes.
So
this
case
we
have
a
problem,
and
so
we
have
the
frames.
It
turns
out
that
the
holes
are
not
all
the
same
holes
that
we
need
for
the
Nazis
in
current
design.
So
there
were
a
few
people
who
are
working
on
that
yesterday.
E
If
they
were
to
become
specialists,
maybe
a
few
all
the
others
who
are
working
on
the
axis
so
it
finished,
could
help
them
finish
their
axes
that
might
ensure
a
consistent
quality
control
and
it
allow
us
it
would
allow
us
to
maybe
get
a
little
bit
of
efficiency.
If
we
had
someone
just
focusing
on
the
frames
and
someone
else
helping
to
take
up
the
slack
of
the
axes
yeah
another
part
is
I,
saw
this
yesterday,
one
of
the
biggest
things
I've
learned
from
ysd
work
is
thinking
ahead
as
a
kid
I'm.
E
Just
like
ready
fire
aim
with
pretty
much
anything
and
was
the
d30
when
we
did
this
a
few
months
ago
in
November,
and
we
put
something
together,
we
kind
of
take
it
apart
and
I.
Thought
I
saw
a
lot
of
people
wanting
to
do
that
yesterday,
because
all
the
gold
is
a
little
bit
different
in
this
particular
part.
But
there
are
a
few
of
us
yesterday.
We're
really
thinking
apart.
I
started
thinking
ahead
and
that
will
save
a
lot
of
time.
So
the
key
mode
is
not
to
hurry
and
be.
C
C
A
Happen
this
there's
the
superstars
that
sometimes
do
that.
Okay
I
got
it,
make
sure
that
you
that
you
know
that
it's
right
so
either
ask
or
look
at
the
machine.
Like
me,
comment
like
be
able
to
defend
it
that
you
did
because
you
don't
want
to
propagate
the
whole
thing
wrong
to
everybody
else.
So
don't
be
scared
by
that.
The
simplest
way
to
to
answer
that
is,
ask
me
or
ask
William,
or
if
it's
obvious
to
you,
because
you
have
experience
yes
run
with
it,
but
a
lot
of
times.
H
C
H
H
C
G
D
D
B
A
D
C
G
D
D
B
B
E
Think
at
this
point,
just
practicing
doing
a
little
tensioning
is
better
as
we
found
yesterday
when
we
tension
it
and
it's
not
matter
the
frame.
It's
just
gonna
pull
the
pieces
together
on
the
rise,
so
just
learning
how
to
do
it
and
probably
better
to
do
our
marching
to
do
that.
I
invented
a
whole
bunch
of
different
ways.
Yeah.
A
The
idea
is,
leave
the
the
final
tensioning
for
later,
because
you
once
it's
on
a
frame,
it's
absolutely
fixed
and
you're,
not
gonna
like
pull
it
in
the
final
adjustment
for
the
whole
depends
on
the
belt
being
loose,
so
he
can
adjust
it
in
out.
It's
a
self
adjusting
at
the
end,
and
then
then
you
tighten
the
belt
for
the
last
time.
For
now,
it's
like
old
practice.
You.