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A
Is
there
still
time
you
know
when
I
was
a
kid
we
built
and
launched
model
rockets
in
our
science
class
in
school,
and
today
we're
learning
about
how
software
is
powering
space
missions?
But
you
know
last
year
for
me
watching
the
all
woman
spacewalk
was
just
like
the
significant
moment
in
science
and
technology
and
NASA
astronaut,
Christina
Cooke
was
on
that
spacewalk.
A
She
also
holds
the
record
for
the
longest
single
space
flight
by
a
woman
with
328
days
in
space
Christina
graduated
from
North
Carolina,
State
University,
with
a
Bachelor
of
Science
and
electrical
engineering
and
physics,
and
a
Master
of
Science
and
electrical
engineering.
Please
welcome
nasa
astronaut,
christina
cook,
hello,.
B
Everyone
and
thank
you
so
much
Robin.
It
is
really
my
distinct
pleasure
to
be
with
you
today
on
open,
jeaious
world
I
used
to
be
a
coder
in
former
lives
and
had
to
kind
of
leave
that
behind
to
get
more
operational.
So
it
is
just
wonderful
to
be
with
you
guys,
even
in
my
research,
for
this
talk,
I
was
lucky
enough
to
end
up
getting
my
own
account
on
github,
so
I'm,
getting
there
I'm,
hoping
to
use
it
a
little
bit
to
share
some
of
the
apps
I've
been
writing
for
my
nieces
and
nephews.
B
So
today,
I
really
can't
wait
to
share
with
you
guys
a
little
bit
more
about
my
side
of
the
things
and
how
we
use
the
things
that
you
guys
do
to
explore
space,
which,
of
course,
we
completely
do
depend
on
the
work
that
you
all
do.
My
talk
is
gonna
be
kind
of
in
three
parts,
first
of
all,
a
little
bit
just
about
where
we
are
right
now
in
human
spaceflight
kind
of
story.
Time
about
my
my
experience,
my
journey
and
my
mission
and
then
just
a
couple.
B
B
This
is
the
International
Space
Station,
where
I
live
for
about
11
months
working
on
board
and,
as
you
know,
it
is
an
orbiting
laboratory
that
we
use
for
microgravity
research,
things
that
we
can't
do
here
on
the
ground
and
that's
to
bring
benefits
back
to
earth
and
also
to
test
technologies
and
operational
concepts
for
how
we
can
actually
explore
deeper
and
in
longer
space
missions
astronauts
to
and
from
the
space
station.
In
a
couple
of
ways.
Right
now,
for
the
last
several
years
after
the
shuttle
was
decommissioned.
B
In
2011,
we
had
gotten
on
board
via
the
Russian
rocket
called
the
Soyuz,
and
that
is
picture
of
up
here.
That's
how
they
look
when
they're
docked
to
the
space
station,
but
as
of
May
of
this
year,
we
actually
have
a
new
ride
to
space
and
it
is
the
SpaceX
crewed
dragon
vehicle,
so
we're
bringing
in
commercial
partners
to
achieve
that
role
of
getting
astronauts
to
and
from
the
space
station.
We've
been
using
commercial
partners
for
getting
cargo
to
and
from
the
space
station
for
years,
and
these
are
two
pictures
of
some
of
those
companies.
B
This
is
a
SpaceX
cargo
dragon
flying
docked
to
space
station
above
the
now,
and
here
is
the
Northup
grumman
Cygnus
cargo
vehicle,
and
all
this
you
know,
new
reliance
and
looking
into
fostering
a
space
economy
has
really
been
so
that
NASA
itself
can
focus
our
internal
objectives
even
further
and
deeper
into
space.
We
are
now
working
on
the
Artemis
mission,
which
is
going
to
go
back
to
the
moon
with
people
in
this
decade
and
then
hopefully
take
those
technologies
and
apply
it
to
a
future
Mars
mission.
B
So
it's
a
really
exciting
time
to
be
exactly
where
I
am
right
now
and
involved
in
the
human
spaceflight
mission.
Speaking
of
that,
shifting
gears
talking
a
little
bit
about
my
journey
and
how
sort
of
started
out
as
a
early
electrical
engineering,
physics
lab
person
and
working
on
space
science
instrumentation.
So
this
is
working
on
those
space
science
gadgets
that
fly
on
planetary,
probes
and
earth.
Orbiting
satellites
that
study
the
things
that
we
send.
B
Those
missions
into
space
to
do,
and
obviously
that
invite
involved
a
lot
of
custom
software
to
test
our
equipment
and
to
develop
it
along
the
way.
But
after
getting
this
job
at
NASA,
right
out
of
college
I,
actually
quit
that
perfectly
good
NASA
engineering
job
to
pursue
another
dream
that
I
have
which
was
working
in
the
anok.
And
I
call
this
the
first
that
I
got
to
do
of
science
on
the
frontiers.
B
B
About
a
year
later,
I
found
myself
here
among
the
class
of
2013
astronauts
and
the
one
notable
thing
about
our
class
that
I'm
really
proud
of
is
we
were
the
first
and
so
far
the
only
class
to
be
Half
Men
and
half
women
and
I
think
that
sort
of
embodies
a
lot
of
my
experience
so
far
in
human
spaceflight.
Now,
for
the
first
two
years
after
being
selected
you're
in
candidate
training,
and
that
means
you
get
to
learn
a
lot
of
new
things.
B
So
my
engineering
brain
had
to
learn
how
to
sort
of
operate
at
supersonic
speeds.
We
had
to
learn
how
to
fly
high-performance
Jets,
think
fast
off,
really
important
problems
really
quickly.
I
had
to
learn
how
to
do
spacewalk
training,
which,
as
you
know,
is
something
that's
both
a
really
huge
mental
and
physical
challenge.
B
There
were
other
things
we
have
to
learn
all
about
the
engineering
systems
onboard
the
space
station,
as
well
as
how
to
operate
the
robotic
arm
and
eventually,
a
few
years
later,
I
found
myself
assigned
to
an
actual
mission
aboard
the
space
station,
and
then
we
moved
into
a
phase
of
our
training.
That
was
more
mission
specific,
so
I
finally
got
to
learn
about
the
science
that
I
would
actually
be
doing
on
my
mission
and
I
got
to
learn.
The
Soyuz
rocket
now
take
a
look
here
at
our
user
interface
and
I.
B
Want
you
to
kind
of
remember
that
picture,
because
from
here
we're
going
to
talk
about
kind
of
where
we're
going
in
the
future.
I
got
to
train
a
lot
in
Russia.
So
one
of
the
great
things
about
the
International
Space
Station
is
that
international
aspect,
and
pretty
soon
I
found
myself
launching
from
Kazakhstan
on
a
Soyuz
rocket
the
space
probe,
spacecraft,
bakes
away
from
the
rocket,
and
it
begins
its
autonomous
flight
and
then
eventually
approaches
the
space
station.
In
this
very
docking
mechanism.
B
You
see
here
forms
the
hatch
that
we
open
up
when
we
float
into
the
space
station
for
the
first
time,
not
long
after
we're
put
right
to
work
that
work
includes
doing
maintenance
and
up
grades
on
the
space
station
systems.
It
includes
operating
the
robotic
arm
to
capture
from
autonomous
flight.
Some
of
these
visiting
cargo
vehicles.
B
And,
of
course,
that
includes
science
and
that
science,
the
science
that
can
only
be
done
in
microgravity
and
I
since
I'm
talking
to
programmers
I,
just
have
to
say
one
of
the
things
I
love
about
this
is
when
I
was
doing
a
lot
of
programming
of
physics,
modeling
programming
I.
Would
you
know
we're
always
confounded
by
these
boundary
conditions
and
having
the
code
for
sort
of
the
edges
of
what
we're
of
the
theoretical
things
that
we're
trying
to
explore?
Well
to
me,
removing
gravity,
as
a
variable
is
one
of
the
great
things
about
Space
Flight.
B
We
no
longer
have
to
worry
about.
You
know
the
kind
of
nuances
of
whether
the
fluid
we're
studying
is
on
the
bottom.
Where
gravity
is,
you
know,
causing
it
to
interact
differently
with
the
walls
of
the
vessel
versus
the
top
and
that
kind
of
gives
us
that
edge
in
industrial
settings,
but
we're
really
trying
to
probe
these
absolute
fundamentals
of
different
physical
processes.
In
this
picture,
however,
I'm
taking
advantage
of
a
different
aspect
of
microgravity,
which
is
growing
protein
crystals,
which
helps
us
to
develop
pharmaceuticals.
B
B
This
older
version
actually
relied
on
separate
sensor
systems
and
ultrasound
to
have
it
know
its
location
and
orientation
in
space,
whereas
this
robot
actually
has
the
computational
power
to
map
the
module
that
it's
in
and
rely
on,
video
processing
to
understand
its
location
and
orientation,
and
then,
of
course,
our
work
onboard
the
space
station
will
be
complete.
We
didn't
talk
about
spacewalks.
B
So
it's
a
really
exciting
way
to
contribute
and
to
keep
the
space
station
optimally,
as
I
mentioned
two
before
the
International
aspects
of
what
we're
doing
is,
in
my
opinion,
one
of
the
greatest
legacies
of
the
space
program
and
of
the
International
Space
Station.
This
is
me
working
with
my
cosmonaut
colleague,
alexey
ovchinin,
prior
to
one
of
their
spacewalks,
and
the
russians
actually
have
their
own
spacewalk
systems
in
airlocks,
and
I
had
the
honour
of
suiting
them
up
and
operating
their
airlock
working
with
the
russian
ground
control
systems.
B
To
do
that,
as
as
we
went,
we
also
work
really
closely
with
the
Russians
on
emergency
procedures
and
drills.
So
it's
truly
a
group
effort.
We
also
had
astronauts
just
during
my
time
out
there
from
Canada
Japan
the
United
Arab
Emirates,
and
we
also,
we
also
have
partners
in
the
Europe,
so
we
I
had
an
Italian
astronaut
that
I
flew
with
as
well.
So
it's
it's
a
truly
international
partnership
and
kind
of
developing
those
relationships
and
ways
of
doing
business
is
just
so
important.
B
Well,
it's
not
all
work
onboard
the
International,
Space
Station.
Of
course,
one
of
the
things
we
love
to
do
together
is
group,
meals
and
group
eating.
This
is
us
opening
up
a
bunch
of
fresh
fruit
straight
off
of
a
cargo
vehicle,
and
one
of
our
favorite
things
to
do
is
actually
pizza
night.
Normally,
all
of
our
food
is
dehydrated
and
rehydrated
to
eat
out
of
packets
or
MREs.
So
anytime
we
can
figure
out
a
way
to
make
real
food
ourselves.
It's
really
a
treat.
B
My
ultimate
favorite
thing
to
do,
of
course,
is
to
look
out
the
window
upon
earth,
and
you
know
for
this
crowd.
I
have
to
say
I
could
I
could
have
called
this
looking
down
on
every
spot
that
uses
a
JavaScript
in
the
world
because
I'm
pretty
sure
there's
not
a
single
spot.
That
I
look
down
upon
and
said,
maybe
the
middle
of
oceans,
a
work
JavaScript
wasn't
running,
so
it's
it's
truly
a
global
enterprise,
but
my
favorite
thing
to
do
was
to
take
pictures.
B
I
love
taking
pictures
of
the
night
sky
and,
of
course,
of
the
earth
and
I
know
you
all
are
a
global
community
but
I
believe
you're,
headquartered
in
San
Francisco
so
and
of
course
lots
of
coding
happens
there.
So
this
is
a
picture
that
you
know
you
can
see
the
edge
of
the
earth
and
Earth's
horizon,
and
this
is
the
San
Francisco,
Bay
and
zooming
in
this
is
a
photo
I
took
with
800,
millimeter,
lens
and
I.
Think
you
guys
are
right
in
this
neighborhood
right
around
here.
B
B
So
the
only
part
that
returns
to
earth
is
a
tiny
little
crew
capsule
that
has
all
the
heat
shielding
so
that
when
we
hit
that
atmosphere
and
the
friction
of
the
atmosphere
can
start
to
slow
us
down,
we
kind
of
enter
into
what's
like
almost
like
a
flame
ball
and
that's
how
we
slow
down
so
that
we
can
eventually
go
under
parachute
and
land
on
the
ground.
So
you
can
see
how
burnt
the
capsule
is
from
that
experience
and
that's
actually
what's
planned
before
you
know
it.
B
The
Russians
search
and
rescue
forces
are
extracting
you
and
that's
basically,
the
end
of
your
mission,
so
shifting
gears
a
little
bit
to
the
next
part
of
the
talk
about
software.
So
of
course,
to
get
the
mission
done
and
to
do
all
those
things
that
I
talked
about
in
the
space
of
the
day.
We
have
a
lot
of
custom
software
that
we
use
and
it
spans
the
realm
of
both
web-based
and
standalone.
So
this
is,
this
is
just
a
screen.
Cap
I
actually
happen
to
have,
and
back
here
you
can
see
a
web-based
software.
B
That's
actually
our
scheduling
software.
Our
days
are
scheduled
down
to
five
minute
increments,
and
this
software
is
completely
the
hub
of
every
single
thing.
We
do
it's,
how
we
learn
about
the
different
state
of
the
systems,
onboard
the
space
station
and
any
constraints
things
those
things
may
apply
to
our
own
day
and
we
learned
what
we're
doing.
We
have
the
procedures
for
how
we're
gonna
do
it
the
interdependencies
of
everything,
so
it's
extremely
important
and
then
stand-alone
software.
B
This
is
an
example
of
standalone
software
for
our
treadmill,
because,
of
course,
exercise
is
really
important
to
keep
our
bones
and
muscles
healthy
on
board
the
space
station,
but
we
can't
just
have
any
treadmill,
because
we
have
to
actually
wear
our
harness
that
bungees
us
down
just
so
that
we
can
be
able
to
run
and
stick
to
the
wall
to
be
able
to
get
our
exercise
in.
So
this
is
a
little
bit.
This
is
the
GUI
for
that
exercise.
Appointment.
B
During
our
days,
we
actually
run
a
kind
of
our
whole
lives
off
of
a
tablet
that
has
web-based
software
that
contains
all
those
procedures
that
we
need
to
run
through
our
day.
So
this
is
just
extremely
important
for
what
we
do
and
there's
kind
of
an
operational
side
to
it,
and
then
we
also
do
have
access
to
the
Internet
through
the
tablet
on
a
different
network.
So
this
is
absolutely
the
hub
of
what
we
do
and
enables
everything
we
do.
B
Some
of
you
all
are
aware
that,
like
I
mentioned
earlier
in
May,
we
had
a
launch
of
a
SpaceX
rocket
carrying
crew
to
the
International
Space
Station,
and
one
of
the
big
stories
about
that
was
the
displays
and
how
the
astronauts
interacted
with
the
systems
onboard
and
they
did
it
through.
This
was
the
first
spacecraft
that
had
touch
screens.
B
The
gloves
of
the
spacesuit
were
actually
designed
to
allow
the
astronauts
to
use
that
touch
screen
and
to
do
so
even
in
a
high
vibration
environment,
and
even
you
know,
in
a
different
thermal
different
thermal
environments
they
may
encounter.
There
were
a
couple
buttons
on
the
bottom
for
critical
operations
like
firing
pirate
Pyro's,
if
they
needed
to
do
some
of
those
dynamic
operations
and
something
happened
with
the
redundant
computer
system
and
also
some
of
the
parachute
systems
down
here.
B
B
The
legacy
hardware
that
has
you
know,
tried
and
proven,
but
may
actually
be
sort
of
linking
you
to
technologies
that
are
of
a
different
era.
So
it's
exciting
to
see
how
they
kind
of
started
from
scratch
on
a
lot
of
these
technologies.
Now
the
NASA
vehicle
that's
being
built
currently
is
called
the
Orion
vehicle
and
that's
the
part,
that's
the
crew
module.
B
That's
part
of
that
Artemis
mission,
that
I
mentioned
it's
going
back
to
the
moon
and
then
on
to
Mars,
and
we
also
have
a
really
neat
thing
within
the
astronaut
office,
where
we're
actually
developing
the
crew
interfaces
for
this
vehicle
within
the
astronaut
office,
and
that's
one
way
to
make
sure
that
the
test
pilots
and
the
people
that
are
actually
going
to
be
flying.
These
vehicle
has
had
insight.
B
Early
on
this
lab
is
called
the
rabbit,
rapid
prototype
lab
and
it's
one
of
the
very
few
development
processes
within
kind
of
a
aerospace
vehicle
development
that
it's
actually
user,
driven
where
there's
not
a
requirements
document
that
sort
of
trickles
down
to
forming
the
hardware.
But
we
actually
make
the
interface
view
ease
first
and
then
sort
of
document
it
later
and
and
describe
how
they
work.
B
So
you
run
a
procedure
on
the
display
and
it
may
say,
pop
up
a
menu
that
shows
you
where
you
need
to
be
looking
and
then
you,
you
know
to
verify
a
certain
state
or
something
like
that.
So
it's
definitely
becoming
a
more
integrated
flow
where
we're
taking
some
of
those
best
practices
from
industry,
about
user
interfaces
and
applying
them.
And
then
finally,
you
know
the
last
thing
is
perspective.
B
Having
done
this
long
mission
and
having
had
the
privilege
of
contributing
to
something
I've
loved
for
so
long,
it
really
helps
me
to
think
about
the
future
of
exploration
and
I.
Think
that,
for
me,
living
onboard
for
11
months
taught
me
that,
yes,
we
can
do
extremely
long-duration
missions
going
deeper
into
space.
We
can
explore
Mars,
it
was
doable.
You
know
it
took
identifying
certain
strategies
to
make
sure
that
we
were
thriving
and
doing
our
best
every
single
day.
B
But
to
me
the
future
of
space
exploration
is
bright
and
I'm,
looking
forward
to
seeing
just
how
far
we
go
in
my
lifetime
and
with
that,
thank
you
again
for
your
attention
for
taking
a
little
break
from
all
of
the
hardcore
coding
stuff.
You
guys
are
talking
about
and
listening
to
one
of
the
many
ways
that
the
work
that
you
do
is
applied,
hopefully
to
bring
back
benefits
to
all
of
humanity.
I
would
love
to
hear
what
you
are
curious
about
and
answer
any
questions
you
have.
A
Hey
Kristina
thanks
for
joining
us
thanks
for
taking
questions
from
our
community,
absolutely
my
pleasure,
Thank
You
Robin
great!
So
the
first
two
questions
we
have
are
somewhat
related.
You
might
have
touched
on
it
a
little
bit.
Elly
Galloway,
who
is
a
young
developer
in
San
Diego,
wanted
to
ask
if
you
have
the
Internet
in
space
and
my
son
mate
who's
a
developer
in
Seattle
kind
of
had
a
related
question.
He
said:
are
you
coding
in
space
and
if
so,
can
you
check
Stack
Overflow?
If
you
need
to.
B
Those
are
great
questions.
Yes,
we
can
surf
the
Internet
in
space
and
sometimes
it
turns
out
to
be
really
helpful.
Yes,
we
even
will
Google
YouTube
videos
to
figure
out
how
we
can
do
a
little
like
jobs,
parts
of
our
jobs
up
there
or
just
for
entertainment
to
feel
connected
with
the
world.
One
interesting
thing
is
that
we
can
only
surf
the
internet
on
our
tablets,
so
they
do
a
really
I
guess.
B
You
know,
for
security
reasons,
keep
our
ability
to
surf
the
world
wide
web
completely
on
a
separate
system
from
our
operational
products
that
we
use
to
go
throughout
our
day.
So
yes
for
11
months,
I
surf
the
web
only
on
a
tablet,
but
I
survived,
and
you
know
on
board
the
space
station.
We
don't
do
a
lot
of
coding.
I
would
imagine
that
if
it
were
a
hobby-
and
you
requested
like
specific
app
to
do
some,
you
could
I
did
not,
but
I
haven't
so
I
didn't
necessarily
access.
B
A
B
Yes,
Thank
You
Alexander
for
the
question
we
do
share
quite
a
bit
with
open-source
at
NASA.
As
you
know,
an
astronaut
I,
unfortunately,
don't
get
to
do
a
lot
of
the
coding
myself,
but
we
have
all
of
hacker
challenges
that
are
put
out
by
NASA
to
solve
different
problems
that
we
have
within
the
human
spaceflight
and,
of
course,
all
of
those
are
can
you
know
be
built
on
open
source.
In
addition,
I
think
about
things
like
modeling.
You
know
the
finite
element
modeling
and
using
open
source
programs.
B
A
B
Again,
I
think
that
everywhere
you
look,
you
would
find
examples
of
it
benefiting
in
our
hacker
challenges.
You
see
options
all
the
time
of
people
sharing
open
source
code
and,
of
course,
having
those
platforms
available
to
share
versioning,
and
things
like
that
are
absolutely
just
fundamental.
To
doing
that.
One
example
that
comes
to
mind-
that's
really
important-
is
in
the
recent
crew
Dragon
vehicle,
their
user
interfaces
actually
were
built
on
chromium
and
with
JavaScript.
So
that's
just
an
exciting
thing
that
I
see
going
forward
that
we're
all
utilizing
those
platforms
that
are
available.
B
A
B
Know
luckily,
our
software
engineers
and
our
IT
people
on
the
ground
make
sure
that
the
space
station
systems
are
completely
isolated
and
hopefully
safe
from
all
of
that.
The
three
different
main
computer
systems
that
we
have
that
are
isolated
are
the
computer
system
that
actually
physically
does
all
the
I/o
of
all
the
you
know,
effectors
and
sensors
onboard
the
space
station,
then
there's
the
additional
pcs
that
we
use
throughout
our
day,
like
some
of
the
software
that
I
showed
you
earlier.
That's
also
separate
from
any
kind
of
external
network.
B
A
B
In
so
many
ways,
I
would
say
the
most
important
way
was
kind
of
in
those
later
classes,
where
you're
doing
a
lot
of
team
work
and
you're
getting
to
solve
problems
in
new
ways
and
kind
of
relying
on
a
diverse
team
to
solve
those
problems.
I
was
actually
one
of
those
more
like
fiercely
independent
folks
in
school,
so
I
wish
I
had
sort
of
gravitated
more
towards
team
team
sports
in
solving
technical
problems
earlier,
because
I
was
kind
of
late
to
the
game
on
that.
B
But
you
know
some
of
the
classes
I
had
an
embedded
systems
development
that
kind
of
brought
all
those
elements
together.
I
had
little
green
boards
I
had
software
I
was
very
happy
and
I
was
working
with
a
team
of
people
where
we
all
were
contributing
in
our
strengths.
Areas
was
really
really
cool
and
then
also
the
extracurriculars
I
took
up
rock
climbing
at
NC
State.
B
They
offered
that
class
as
a
PE
class
and,
interestingly,
in
my
interview
to
become
an
astronaut
I
think
we
talked
more
about
rock
climbing
than
we
did
about
electrical
engineering,
and
you
know
I
also
studied
abroad
at
NC.
State
I
studied
abroad
in
Ghana
in
West
Africa
and
those
experience
absolutely
absolutely
lend
themselves
to
me
learning
how
to
be
adaptable,
how
to
survive
in
new
places
and
how
to
just
kind
of
like
bring
a
set
of
tools
into
a
new
situation
to
hopefully
thrive
and
to
just
appreciate
other
cultures
as
well.
A
B
I
think,
back
to
my
years,
working
and
learning
as
an
electrical
engineer
and
I
remember
situations
like
that.
All
the
time
I
remember
sitting
in
meetings
being
the
only
female
voice
and
I
felt
like
as
soon
as
I
would
open
my
mouth
and
talk.
You
know
all
eyes
just
turned
because
it
just
stuck
out
like
a
sore
thumb,
a
really
funny
story,
one
of
my
favorites
about
this-
and
it
really
to
me-
speaks
to
how
there
may
not
be
as
many
overt
things
that
are
going
on
in
our
worlds.
B
That
are
barriers
when
we
find
ourselves
in
those
situations.
But
there
are
still
barriers
and
there
are
still
things
that
make
that
an
uneven
playing
field
and
one
of
those
stories
is
I,
was
in
a
conference
room
with
you
know
ten
other
men,
engineers
and
it
was.
We
were
taking
a
break
from
a
big
technical
meeting.
We
were
having
and
everyone
filed
out.
You
know
for
the
bathroom
break
and
went
in
a
row
to
the
bathrooms.
B
Then,
of
course,
there's
a
men's
room
in
a
women's
room
next
door
to
each
other
and
I
was
talking
with
the
engineer
in
front
of
me
I'm
in
this
kind
of
line
of
people
filtering
out
and
what
a
gentleman
he
held
the
door
for
me
to
the
men's
room.
So
you
know
it
was
just
one
of
those
examples
where
it's
both
transparent
and
it's
tangible
all
at
the
same
time,
and
for
me
one
of
the
ways
that
helped
me
the
most
to
get
through
those
times
was
to
identify
and
then
strategize.
B
So,
for
example,
when
I
I
knew
that
knowing
I
was
the
only
female
voice
in
the
room
was
preventing
me
from
speaking
up,
so
I
would
actually
visualize
and
what
we
do
in
it
actually
is.
Astronauts
is
chair,
fly
situation,
so
I
would
literally
practice
speaking
up
I
would
practice
or
visualize
the
feeling
that
I
would
have
when
all
that
attention
came
on
me,
suddenly
sort
more
so
than
if
anyone
else
just
spoke
and
I
would
practice
how
that
felt
and
how
I
would
work
through
it,
and
so
that's
one
strategy.
B
Another
strategy,
for
example
that
was
really
helpful
for
me.
It
was
when
I
learned
about
the
concept
of
stereotype
threat,
I'm,
not
sure,
but
just
to
explain
that
to
anyone
who
may
not
have
heard
of
that
stereotype
threat
is
kind
of
something
that
has
been
proven
through
research
that
when
you
are
aware,
when
you
expect
there
to
be
a
stereotype
in
the
room,
it
actually
can
negatively
affect
your
performance
in
such
a
way
to
bolster
or
backup
that
stereotype.
B
So,
for
example,
if
you're
a
female
and
you're
assuming
everyone
in
the
room
thinks
you're
not
as
good
of
a
coder,
not
as
good
at
spacewalking.
Something
like
that.
You're
gonna
have
a
separate
sort
of
thread
in
your
mind,
running
thinking
and
worrying
about
that.
That's
actually
gonna
make
you
lean
on
the
side
of
fulfilling
that
stereotype,
rather
than
being
your
best,
it's
actually
in
a
pull
performance
away.
So
how
I
battled
that
was
before
all
of
my
space
walk,
trainings
and
and
just
to
go
back
to
that
space.
B
Walking
in
NASA
is
probably
one
of
the
areas
that
we
see
the
biggest
difference
in
terms
of
men
and
women
and
the
you
know
the
diversity
situation
there.
Over
200
men
have
done
a
spacewalk,
and
only
about
15
women
have
ever
done
a
spacewalk,
so
it's
the
the
biggest
gap
that
we
see
so
going
into
my
spacewalk
trainings.
You
know
we're
all
used
to
the
strategy
of
giving
yourself
a
pep
talk,
but
I
actually
developed
this
strategy
of
not
giving
myself
a
pep
talk
and
telling
myself
you
got
this
you're
gonna.
B
A
B
Sure
I
actually
go
ahead
and
show
you,
while
we're
talking
through
that.
So
this
is
a
Jessica
and
I.
Let
me
know
if
you
don't
see
that
during
actually
our
second
spacewalk,
that
was
the
second
all-female
spacewalk,
and
it
was
an
amazing
feeling.
We
were
very,
very
focused
on
our
task
at
hand.
So
we
didn't
take
a
ton
of
mental
energy
to
think
about
the
fact
that
it
was
had
a
lot
of
eyes
on
it
and
it
was
the
first
all-female
the
first
one
that
we
actually
did
was
a
contingency
spacewalk.
B
It
was
done,
it
wasn't
planned.
We
had
never
ran
it
on
the
ground.
In
fact,
I
had
only
been
practiced
on
the
ground
one
time
in
the
week
leading
up
to
it,
because
it
was
to
fix
an
unexpected
repair
situation.
So
you
know
I
would
say
what
got
us
through.
That
was
focusing
on
not
only
participating
and
doing
it,
but
actually
thinking
of
how
we
could
do
it
really
really
well.
B
So
if
you
focus
on
ok
I'm,
you
know
I'm
just
here
to
to
get
them
to
just
do
it
as
opposed
to
I'm
here
to
be
an
awesome
space.
Walker
I'm
here
to
lead
I'm
here
to
to
get
this
battery
fixed
as
quickly
efficiently
and
safely
as
possible.
I'm,
not
just
here
to
go
out
the
door
I
think
that
that's
what
led
us
to
kind
of
rise
above
the
attention
that
we
knew
that
it
may
be
getting
for
being
the
first
all
female
and
just
to
execute
it
like
any
two
space
walkers.
B
Would
that
said,
there
was
I
said
the
one.
The
one
moment
that
we
had
were
we
kind
of
recognized
how
much
honour
we
we
felt
that
we
were
getting
and
and
how
special
that
moment
was
was
when
we
first
went
out
of
the
airlock
and
we
were
both
holding
onto
the
handrail
right
outside
the
airlock,
and
you
know
the
blackness
of
space
and
we
kind
of
caught
each
other's
eyes,
and
we
just
smiled
right.
You
know
between
some
communications
and
we
knew
we
had
done
it
at
that
moment.
So
it
was
a
really
special
honor.
B
Knowing
that
we
just
were
so
grateful
for
those
that
paved
the
way
for
us
to
be
there
in
that
time,
and
also
that
there
was
a
chance
that
we
were
actually
providing
the
inspiration
that
so
many
people
have
provided
for
us
in
the
past
to
be
there.
In
that
moment,
it
was
just
incredibly
special
yeah.
Definitely.
B
B
It
feels
like
a
Tuesday
and
I
think
I
can
relate,
but
you
know
the
thing
I
miss
the
most
is
the
camaraderie
of
having
a
crew
that
you're
working
so
closely
with
you
know,
working
with
only
five
or
six
other
people
day-to-day
to
solve,
really
tough
problems
and
to
get
through
these
challenging
12-hour
days
was
just
an
experience
that
as
adults,
we
don't
really
get
that
very
much.
You
know
to
get
to
know
people
their
ins
and
outs
or
strengths
and
weaknesses,
and
to
contribute
to
it's.
A
B
That's
communicating
with
the
astronauts
because
of
my
history
as
and
just
someone
who
used
command
line
stuff
I
was
able
to
actually
find
a
bug
in
one
of
our
procedures
and
saved
astronauts.
Some
time
that,
because
there
was
a
typo
where
the
little
dot
prior
to
the
file
structure
name
was
missing.
So
you
know
wasn't
gonna,
say
to
start
in
the
present
directory.
B
So
that
was
you
know
my
one
moment,
but
up
there,
I
would
say
that
again,
a
lot
of
it
was
more
just
looking
at
the
problem
at
hand
and
trying
to
strip
away
the
biases
that
I
had
coming
from
a
gravity,
centric
environment.
So
a
lot
of
times
when
I
was
working
with
a
researcher
on
the
ground
on
some
equipment
that
was
flying
in
space.
For
the
first
time,
there
were
a
lot
of
legacy
kind
of
one
grant,
1g
things
that
were
causing
was
causing
the
equipment
to
not
perform
optimally
so
providing
ideas
for
solutions.
B
Day
in
space-
oh,
oh,
it's
a
good
day
in
space
is
a
day
where
you
get
to
do
a
little
bit
of
all
of
our
different
tasks
where
you
get
to
and
and
just
was
out
most
days
actually
because
in
our
12-hour
day
we
were
definitely
doing
a
little
bit
of
everything.
So
a
little
bit
of
science,
a
little
bit
of
maintenance,
a
little
bit
of
photography
a
little
bit
of
getting
to
work
with
a
team
on
doing
something.
You
know
really
high
stakes.
B
Maybe
you
were
gonna
study
that
day
or
doing
onboard
training
for
capturing
a
cargo
vehicle
or
doing
a
spacewalk,
and
then
you
know
getting
to
talk
to
friends
over
the
voice
over
IP
phone
and
the
end
of
the
day
that
that
makes
for
a
great
day
in
space
and
I.
Think
the
same
kind
of
stuff
makes
for
a
great
day
here
on
earth.
Great.