Rust Programming Language Programmieren in Rust (Full lecture, German), 9 Jan 2017

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From YouTube: Programmieren in Rust (09.01.): Lvalue/Rvalue, Deref, Assembly und Maschinencode

Description

Vorlesung „Programmieren in Rust“ an der Universität Osnabrück im Wintersemester 2016/17.

Dies ist die Aufnahme des Beamerbildes sowie des Notebook-Mikrofons. Alternative Aufnahme (mit Dozentenvideo): https://video4.virtuos.uos.de/engage/theodul/ui/core.html?id=8f7ff3e0-389d-4c98-82ac-5d708b4a1aaa

Slides und weitere Informationen: https://github.com/LukasKalbertodt/programmieren-in-rust

Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0Ur-09iGhpwMbNiVTBeHmIjs0GuIXhNg

A

A

A

I sent an e-mail somehow 30 minutes ago, because I just asked first of all, I have to be.

B

By sunday to look at this.

A

Room day, I will also remind you on wednesday, but let me know as early as possible if you wanted to get points for it and there are no problems finding it. Apparently you always have to look into foreign examinations and foreign examinations under computer science and format. X6 supplement, 6 or something else like it seems written on. Piazza is the right way to do it, but I don't know exactly how it should be done and how it works,.

A

Can you ask me briefly and could try them all for the first time? then.

A

I wrote in rome more than half an hour ago about the final project. I.

B

Have n't received an email, yet I have right already waiting and I thought immediately.

A

Interesting e-mails that we can read through, but nothing comes just because it was after the weekend, and your husband wanted to come- is in newspapers that week or do you still.

C

A

D

A project think.

A

There are still problems somehow finding the project or coming up with something just not otherwise you can advertise more, but then I'll wait for a few days or hours, one writes, and finally, after that, I want to take on the old tasks again very briefly, there was also a bit of confusion again.

A

Were here with this, markus is now.

A

First of all the thing you have to think about wanting to write marco for me just what your most cases will do, that kind of an implementation market just for you, so you save yourself that what we write until you write the most such as task two weeks should generate these implementation blocks or whether you prescribe that everyone wants to use and, depending on this decision, you have to do certain things with the implementation of the broker or with note the definition of the smartphones, for example,, whether I use absolute paths or relative paths,.

A

But let's take a look at how I solved it for the first one, and the whole thing looks like this, I think it was still reasonably feasible,. At least the definition was there of three yes, just as well in slides, will first ask.

A

Ok, so in the end you only match here about this one explosion, so something 137 can become an expression, and this one in this match block 1, and why is lonely? This whole match will be evaluated together and then everything will be ask the name, and here I do n't use absolute straight again. Maybe you noticed this time. I don't want to somehow export to the world. If I wanted to do that, I had to use somehow complete so what the sed option module option and then the typical dance on sunday.

E

A

An act we need to hear, then I didn't even think that craig shouldn't use it because craig is always doing his own trade. So the name of his own circle for sed was defined as the tri makes sense. Because then trade away dollar creates usd, but someone that doesn't.

E

Make any sense.

A

If we just try out what this is here, so teach smartphone defy great back and then we can just spend it. That's okay! Well,.

A

The scotsman hasn't done anything now.

A

It doesn't work right.

D

Away, definitely something: let's go then,.

A

So to speak, abnormal things, don't just come from.

A

Canada, somehow the child isn't so for good, with good reasons. Ultimately, it will all come down to tri, whether that's the create name, because our our file is called. We can still somehow say in the ratskeller that creighton is different, whatever that evaluates to our craig and that needs, because option is obviously not clearly defined in our. So it only makes sense for scd, where that is defined here.

E

A

To do that with a double colon in front, a creating of course spd can't use that too. Don't use it now as well, but everyone quickly move on to this here, it's quite clear that it was only for our internal purposes. So I got this weird rappers tract and we want to implement things, and here there were some problems with it. First look at my solution, so this and trade is passed here as an event identification board, and then this mt string and sees that passed down here as an expression.

A

So and now just say: ok pennant, that now this fnp trade. We are, of course, giving a few tips here of one about that is not always because the path, but let's start here, that's why we give here on a display and the ba can do exactly.

E

A

We always use it better in the end, in the form of a string. What's special about this is I'm this specifically marco, while the broad marco expects that Yes, as a second argument, such a string lethal, maybe you have tried it and somehow tried to pack the generated string, but broadly as a second argument or, for example, print as the first argument always needs a string literat which otherwise is already certain to run at the moment.

A

This specifically, you can just combine several string generals to a finite reid and that's how it works for you all the time, somehow everything away from us, what I thought I'll do a little faster.

A

It looks the same in the end and of course, then.

F

Call it like it is, it works, but.

A

It works not with an is condition or anything else, guest. Quite a lot of interesting solution or possible solutions. I'll tell you what can do afterwards instead is.

B

A

You can simply call the method directly on that part, we can just say 12.01 o'clock tnt, so this 0 implemented now also the trait that he is currently implementing,, for example display,. That means we can also call fmt here on this 0,, that's easy with this method,. So of course, we have to transfer it to sap,, but then we call the definition of fmc from this part on twitter before doing other things,, for example, broadening and then writing in F minor, like that, and in the end of course, somehow the same thing again.

A

And if you do it like that, you might get errors or,, better said,. If you have more news here than that comes that's why it's enough to give back whether something went wrong,, that's especially important now, because this old crack only says something about the error: status,, it doesn't make sense,.

A

Otherwise we always have something that makes sense in the result,, for example, if a file says open, because the result is also the file that we want to continue using here is what you actually want to achieve is as a side effect of this f whatever it is that it is now, in this case, the sprinter, the console more or less on it print mails and that's the site discovered.

A

So this game fit comes back, that it doesn't make sense for us there is nothing useful from stream anyway, you should, of course check for the error occurred and that's why mecca the rast compiler? You could just like that, ignore the error so just cry, but don't really keep one, but of course we don't want to do that. Yes, that's why underscore underscore writes. Then there is no warning because of implemented variable, so that's so common has carries, but the very best thing is that we have already returned a result here.

A

Fmt result and that's exactly what comes back here and with fmp,. That means it can simply go up. Then question mark operator and that's exactly when we can save ourselves this mps dr completely, and then you could write it a little differently so that you don't still have to write the brand name, but just separate all trades in a row with a comma, and there are many ways to do that. As I said, markus is more about it. We were now somehow implementing your things for us, with as little code as possible.

A

That does n’t have to have the best abi, not the best interface for the other world, because we only use it for us here now,. So the question is always how much time you put into optimizing this marco perfectly and making it usable for all applications and how much you just let it be, and yourself writing something quickly.

E

A

This path absolute and if otherwise, it's always relative from seven modules. The problem is that it's always entered as under the hotel module. That's why we have to make it so absolute and unfolded that you were now just further last, not so bad anymore, but here at the second, quite a lot of space. Someone also asked from techno that made me very happy and it was even a very good question, because there is even a bug. You can see that label trade, that you could don't make it a tag.

A

Then it didn't work because the rast compiler was broken. It has to be an ident or something else that's already fixed. According to my current version, it's still broken and that's also asked sector flow is a good question. It's always it's nice, when the people who ask decker for the first time write a good question right away.

A

That does n't happen that often well 3, because once there this pain story, we somehow have a repetition of zero or several times where we in a harmless expert, then just this hash rocket and then another value, that's also an expression and at the very end it comes as it comes. That means that this will be enforced by kommersant trading.com, because we either have that once and that's once behind or even twice that a bit behind. So when you write, we force the trading.com worker to be in the repeat.

A

If we have three times that repeat, we first have experts, then bastet expressions pommer. I hope it's more or less clear why this comes so why this syntax comes to trading will and what you do here that in the end it will go away yourself. Marco manufacturer dash map here again nice with absolute father with you could use, then we call insert and give it back, but we have a second one here in the second arm of this market.

A

For another, one is practically the same, but without trading it is only slightly different, but this comma is now directly in front of the asterisk, which means that all the elements in there are separated by a comma and that we simply have to call that other huge one. So we are expanding that here, everything in the 100 mark purely but with trading.com, so that this one is carried out here. Spains coach, but now you can just call that marco with and without a chain you did n't necessarily have to do it now.

A

If you had one of them, we were alright, but like that, it's definitely even nicer.

D

A

Think that surprises me that she also finds ugly ones, but I 'm pretty sure that's just that you're not allowed to do it even that a bit annoying because ludger questions about the tasks are then a little more disappointment because it doesn't start immediately with the step quan low level. Things will still take a short detour and I'll get a few more things from rust m and this here. Maybe these are just things that otherwise really fit in that I wanted.

A

Now we have to explain one more thing: a bit,, which example is activated from time to time,. Sorry number one,, it's about scott station syntax,, the basement of several fewer become such a club can define a concept and we can do something about that do so we can do brackets here always indicates all fields.

A

Normally you would write water several lines, but that doesn't work the same way. It doesn't work like that and now there's a new one for you there's a special syntax that looks like that means. If we already have a instance colors of a wing, we can use this instance for the remaining fields. This prohibits x0 and in germany it is now done that.

E

Means either ok, now a few fields and point.

A

Points in the rest, please of decency works, of course, only somehow helix the whole fields copy or clowns implement something like that, but for such primitive data types it is definitely very useful. Very exactly.

E

A

I said- and it makes particular sense now for the use of default. There is this default trade which says: yes, there is a meaningful default in third meaningful default instance of abstract, but you can see that we have a fairly large wing which is somehow used to configure a program or something else or, for example, to configure an rtl command,.

A

I have already seen it so that it really has many many fields in it, all of which you can enter somehow and want, but have to do in a similar way, and then we implement or will write the wanted for it. And then you look at the cia that you give a few values. you dot, dot, happy colon default. Writes the age says: let's give the default instance of this matter, so.

B

A

Can see that more often, as I said, with big hits, often just so you these are.

E

What in between is still correct.

A

Exactly the order, doesn’t matter at all so I could only give z here too, for example, that doesn’t matter I.

E

A

A

A

N't really want to explain that at all, but I noticed that it's quite good to understand that, with this hand, we'll tell the same thing and we'll just now in these two terms when we think of an explosion, and we think that explosion matters, we kind of think of the type of this kind of passion. I think it's pretty clear. We have an explosion that could now an interview or how we talk about integrity or expressionism sound and, of course, our running time is also interested in the acquisition that actually comes out.

A

But if we just look at it for compiled time, we think we would classify an explosion by its type classics, which of course, is also important, but we will now see a bit more and that, on first of all, a very simple function: how does 30 go back? Then? We have a normal variable, also of type ii 32, and now we have another variable that a youtuber has refrains on it to the other variant, and now I will show you four expressions and you can think about what differences there are,.

A

Only this expert typical is, of course, the 32, the asv 32, that is also of the type ii 32. He alone is worth from youtube meeting on 32, but since the refinancing is so far, that is also in 32 36.

A

That is also in two tranches can of course also be any other country, but the 32 is set, and if you drove call that that also eg 32, so that meant then, probably here the different between four expressions.

B

To reverse world held.

F

Do exactly right.

A

And that should be exactly the answer for this. We divide these experts into two categories, namely a b and l value, and they come from that. So these names come from the fact that we.

A

Could simply write lwl for bled on the left side of an assignment, so we could bite things while the aare values typically stand on the right side and that's the case with values that represent a piece of memory which is difficult. We would say that any reference or a pointer represents a piece of memory. I don't mean by that, but, for example, this strength that represents it pieces of memory rolls the 32 thin. Are these extras still of the type ii 32, so not just a pointer or reference?

A

What that means is this expression we evaluated to a value, but this defends who lives somewhere these values, of this expression are flying around. They are now only briefly for the 3d live for the lifetime of this expression are not there and then they are gone again, so to speak, a value that lives forever a piece of memory and yes, exactly the.

E

A

Is different, second diarra values, , and now there is a second classification. There is only one expressions, 1 el rodeo context. These are sort of slots where we took the thing back in the last sentence. You share this expressionist another place where you can put things in and these slots are of the type l value context. That means this led context, something where you can use it, for example,, see in the near future. Even more precisely the left part from one to a country so from an assignment is a value context.

A

The same is the opera nld from boeing. That means bastian what me there myself.

C

A

Bit where that a says there will be an elbe, express, 2.0 value context in german, more or less where an l value is expected, and then there is also elvedi context in connection with the rest pattern, the last bit more complicated. It is not that important and everything else is just a radio context where he's more or less expected in berlin. We'll see that again, so special assignment his compound is a human being somehow wheel too far.

A

The left is always the l value context and on the right is a value context and we'll soon have the bauhaus. We'll always have the lwl context, and here too we would have an eleventh context, although, as I said, that with the ref, it is not so important for us that it is a bit more difficult to understand so and now one might ask oneself as a repetition. L, as I said, a memory location is represented and arbeloa represents an value In.

A

Other words, l value represents the value that lives somewhere, while the value of value is added to the rest of it created a bit of a hierarchy because l videos, just the added value so.

B

Elwert also.

E

A

He lives somewhere. Abellio only has one value and that one The question now is what, if I use the expression context- and we might get to that first, but the expression abellio context is good. We use this abellio simply as a value. Think that is quite clear. For example, three recommends the literary experts we can in one of the new contex use, the one on the right side of the equals sign, for example,.

A

A problem could also use an l value context in lw expreview context, of course, as a storage location in the context,, such as simply assigning three then use the lwl, among other things, in an l, video in one l value context, no problem either.

A

What's up here.

C

A

A lw, the experts in the radio context, what martin.

A

Chooses correctly, simply as if that's possible, of course, always said, l value expressions are better, they could do more. You can, of course, just get this value, that this memory location and then to use as a value. What is questionable, it is, of course, even if the experts cml value context, we somehow can't say 3 equals seven, so at least we don't see much yet, but there is an extra wgt in leipzig promotion.

A

At least I think that's what it's called and with the name, stop thought up this lecture value promotion and says that he knows that if we somehow use a wave of text lpd that a temporary variable is created and this value.

B

A

The temporary variable is the l, otherwise not cheered, for assignments from the extra rule. Here is an example that would not work here now, and we said this advice here behind 1 l value context. I mean the drilling operators want a storage location, have the recipients added the address, the pictures on a vineyard, somehow the value has to live somewhere because of that is a value context inter, but that works again because of this special rule because of this promotion, this code.

E

A

An equivalent to this code here, a temporary variable, is simply formed beforehand, and it is then used. It is otherwise.

B

A

Relaxed, if you have.

B

A

Normal c++ programmers directly the throw your hands up and say it 's, not possible, or especially, if you call, for example, for than this function of straight and because the reference also takes then I say that's not possible, because the part that is returned now only loads for as long as the six is passion and after that it's immediately broken. But because of this special rule it works. So that's not unsafe.

A

Then some people always say c++ learn the new load from me say what you can be sure, but allow something like that that 's obviously broken special wrap.

A

As far as clear with this quite theoretical framework, ok lämmkom it in short index operator, who has a little special feature for the first time.

B

A

Defined I don't know if he's ever seen, but somehow a parameter itx, that's the small index. The lower rhine give, for example, airways speak with the sun. If we want to reduce a need to enter news, if you want to infect a hash map, we can put in the type of key offer. This type.

B

A

Output, which is just returned from the index apparatus and then there's just pretty normal index, cheating about it, which is stopping now First of all,. A reference to these car types is added here, that we now, for example, write the implementation for the vector t,, which is simply a type from his ribery, and we can also initiate.

A

It the output is now an issue,. So if you don't know what you 've got from it, you'll get a sharp response, or this method returns a reference to a character,, but if he writes the editor here, it works,. So now we have the 32 in inside this sector for connoisseurs say nothing and we are just forcing the type ii 32 right at the point 0. So you ask yourself: why does that work? Because the initiators are called internal? That's only sugar.

B

On Sundays to call.

A

Up the indexed, why does that work, not with the? Why is no reference returned and if we call in exactly then it is also a consequence of the country, this sixth sense of like 32. So what.

B

A

It 's just like that. If we write it at some point, then it will be schubert's. Are it even taken away from the here called so on this 5 of the index, but write a refinancing package up front, a different things to the de schutter? Yes, and that now means that this is a lw. So if we write writes it is a elle value, because somehow your saves now so we referenced by a memory location. It makes it possible.

E

To write something like that.

A

National is 8, of course, we expect that it works, but I wanted to show you how it works so that it works. There is just this funny rule that we just say woman at the point. Clearly 8, I see nobody expects anyone wanting to write an asterisk from the point. Eight you.

E

A

To keep in mind that that's how it works, you don't wonder why references are like this, and the last one actually opens up. The most important thing is this of the f that is defined similarly to index,, although it no longer has a typical one, and that.

B

Is simply because you can use this differentiation and asterisk.

A

Or overload it,, you can actually do that too, and there are also direct news. The index with that too just the same and that other fans are given nothing more exciting than writing an asterisk in front of a value,. This is used by the fw trade and thought that it, as I said, to access the inner or real, more normally thinks. As with the hre first of all references to the number 30 h, and will your franz your this reference? Then we get the right one again the inside, namely the 32.

A

That makes sense for many many other types it if you type the exactly another type, somehow we'll see upside down in a moment, and if you.

E

Write and context.

B

A

Will be transformed or the jogger here where it stops here, seems somehow retro to be it's maybe a bit dangerous. So here.

E

Was actually just doing it.

A

Yourself, as with that index operator, that we finance the direct refinancing and its and value are doing well, but here there is a special rule. That's why it's also ping. That's a revision.

E

A

Doesn't call normal suddenly the shoes have the handle, then that's it with the table too. That's it, then. If you want to call up this the app several times you have to prescribe several serenades.

A

And here's another.

E

A

If we drink like that and stream, you can read that to a strings. So first, this topic is based and this placement then brings a str of his training but left without a reference,. So we return it called type,. So I have to write this reference beforehand so that we can make a reference to a strings where it doesn’t really make sense. Yet because he wants to write something like that, and we have that so far, not really done.

A

So are completely equal first united nations for under which types format this topic in there are these containers that always refinance to an approach.

B

C

A

Str to the slice: that's why you ca n't, use the vectors or strings like that, but also always there from a defa again. The.

C

Drilling so that you can.

A

Use this approach, types that has among the three are also other containers somehow for other things, shoot ring it for dealing with strings. When you talk to him, we are now terminated and different where there are drinks somehow other strings. &Amp; partners are father more or less because we don't know the smart further. We all don't know them yet, but they will be extremely important for us. We'll see there are things like that: rapping a different type of guy, so that's it somehow so ahlers.

A

So I was somehow everything and in itself and of course you always want to have access to the t it quickly. If other rappers we don't know yet, but we'll see there too, they are just rappers for one guy who only have one field have more or less if we always have access to the inner types. What exactly not everyone knows yet, but that comes almost everything I today, but also far, and we remember this slacker, where we also have a type exactly inside.

A

Maybe we would like to because denying what he then made out, maybe and that's quite easy after I- don't think anything exciting about it. That makes sense.

B

A

That's exciting is coming up.

E

Right away, oh.

A

So nice, when, finally showing the whole thing: yes exactly I had defined it as a unit tract. That's then, just like that, the field doesn't have a name, and you play the fields with dots, zero and one. It actually makes sense when you encapsulate a thing in itself and you would always output the injured name or data or otherwise. That's all not sender is therefore can also save the name.

A

So at least the 11.0 just an access.

C

C

Right here before that, dichand gets cold in this strengthen. Would these stars then call the drv again, or would that now, almost directly via.

A

That doesn’t matter index results in the content of this difference,, so one of them always comes back,, a real one for it,, and this real reference also implements the index operator,. But it only does what you expect when it comes to the preliminary consultation,, so it doesn’t matter here whether it’s, a regression of the app or whether that is a dictate of got the love I would be so now. Finally, why that makes sense. You 've probably seen it before.

A

That's called the surprise and there's a rule if a guy who straight de graaf with the tag, so this means that the.

A

Compiler automatically converts expressions from the type reference to t all.

B

A

More difference to great rule, that means it has probably seen.

E

This before you.

A

Read functions and strings and you have such a real string in capital letters and you want to talk about it now.

A

You can just do it just normal reference to this it, although this expression here so this commercial and it that is first, an expert of the type reference growth written stream expects this function, but such a small stringer otherwise in the live, possibly implements the scream of the upper case rap on the lower case. That is why it is automatically converted.

A

Exactly what happens also took power from this shelf and since a large damage in string put in it works exactly so that it is.

E

Simply executed as.

A

Often, as it really is, is or until it works, then it will be called twice dnf here and now it comes clearly distanced also for calling methods that you have probably used before. That means on this way. That is simply of the type smart opponent times string is we can do both call a string function.

A

This cassidy called back capacity. This string just has as well as this method, which is defined on firm he as ostring slices. That means that you can also simply call this method which are still defined on the actual inner values on the outer part. If the tire is financed,, that's why the right thing has already been done. He already had a capitalized string and both integrate through the characters and I just called sharply.

A

That is reflected in the documentation, by the way,.

A

A

A look at the capitalized string here if we here here comes first in the string. These are the whole method for the string so on and so on and so on. Then your ipad, or maybe a day, is equal to str. So there are all these methods, which you can also call on the string, but these actually not defined by string but by the inner type in this case, strings live, and there are also things here like building this character.

A

It also goes too deep, as I said until it just goes that far clear.

A

With tense silence, oh no, that.

E

A

You that is only for you.

E

A

That you can see the whole example that you.

A

Can also turn off. That's why I shouldn't click on it. That would mean that this little thing is still there to rest. That's really not a question, it's definitely what I'm thinking of this funny gmf is on him and that he sometimes does strange things that he wouldn't have thought would work. Then comes the moment. Everyone has been waiting for we'll take care of low level stuff. That means what does the computer actually do? Yes, we'll deal with memory even with assembly, as such.

E

A

That you might not have thought at the beginning that you would learn- or at least hear in this course.

A

And since low level always triggers a flex so easily on some or many sides,, I would like to get into this whole thing very briefly, still motivate, and that is key points one after the other. It is, of course, important, first of all that the main reason to understand concepts and design decisions in ras,, for example, to build there already said we cannot simply hand over this monastery,, for example, a design decision that we can do even better understand if we understand clearly according to level, but that's everywhere everywhere.

A

You ask yourself: why is it easier for me now and then, when you understand what's happening in the background, then it can't actually be that easy to do that machine too. So it's okay, that's right. At least I say that heard that made the most design decision what at least reacted how the machine works and concepts also, in particular, concepts of boeing, live tiles and all.

B

A

Junk we need that to understand that which, of course, also helps somehow better write short ones just because they understand it better, not only collect wet, also in c and c++ and similar languages that I might work again level so system programming, languages, . First of all, it helps us write faster, efficient and short. If we understand the machine better, then we can somehow on it optimize, and that will also be a bigger part later that we really look at what is fast on machine.

A

That is slowly getting a little feel for, but especially c and c++. You can also write safe code in grid. We are interested, of course, that doesn't fit guaranteed then already that it's safe, that's a fine thing, but if you don't know all these things that I'm going to tell you right now, it's almost impossible to write secure code in c or c++, or you just stick to very idiopathic rules, adorns the plus in the new areas, almost as well as rast.

A

But you need that in c and c++ with that, many just don't use and don't know and then just write some goal and that works right after sometimes content. So typical errors here always.

B

So it definitely makes a lot of sense and somehow.

A

System programmers write a short note, of course, also interesting for other courses. Here, for example, I spoke narrative flow, info.com operating systems.

A

Who is praying that this is just c++ and he has already heard okay, who is listening to info.com, ok and operating systems.

A

Exactly so, you might see some parallels, we won't go as deep as in vc, fortunately we'll put it on top of that, but we'll correspond to the other things. I hope that this will help you a bit for this and nicoles as well, and simply what we will also get exciting. That is actually still important to understand. Nobody can still write to someone in this world today,. She is really related that, fortunately, has become something that is almost unnecessary. You almost never need to do it, but reading it is always extremely important.

A

What I will always do is that we look at what the compiler generates and understand why we are slow or santa program is doing so. It is finally understand still quite important nowadays, at least if you deal with c c++ or rast so with to the program.

A

I just say the language of the.

B

A

For now, maybe now better like this and maybe a little a little motivation, what we asked before reduce language xs slowly from language y, we will also understand that it depends quite simply on the designer languages together and not that the bubi inter peter is badly programmed and so slow. The ruby interpreter is probably highly optimized, but can't do it better because ruby allows so much freedom in the language. Why is it rust quickly? Okay, if we also stand for such all.

B

Exactly stuff like that, that's what the member.

A

Understands I hope we all stick it out, but I find it interesting everything functions first part or something like that: a few definition machine code and instructions, machines, kraut, is just a series of instructions. So far so clear.

B

A

This attraction, that is, a primitive command for the cpu, I.e. the cpu. The processor puts our notebooks and pc at home or smartphone in it. At some point,.

B

A

Executes almost everything and an attraction for me is this command for this,, for example, load the value 27 at this point or add 1. That’S it no high- level commands, but you can still do something and all these commands design structures are studied very, very compactly. So not as a text pleads like we can read and but directly. The closer than evaluate, for example, has your once very much that 's natural always.

B

A

Hexadecimal notation. That means that now two, where the first boot is completely set to one, the second far not comes then one, and thus the value of the 20 is coded so that the last four when driving to the destination also only mean 27,, I.e. 16 December for 27, and you just have to be four to talk in the way I did it now and in the architecture we are dealing with it's around 1 to 15. That means no instructions longer than 15, that's quite short, but 15. Both can also be achieved in form.

A

So counting like this is the practical maximum that would be. Our machines just starts to sway. It just starts to sway behind earnings that gets the cpu in front of it. So love comes that these raw data are in front of it and then they say start and take the cdu you the first few weiz and interprets that as an instruction are of course also coded in the instructions themselves, how much they take.

A

That means I know the exact rules but similar to etf 8, which will also soon be corrected in the how much the successor is that too, somehow coded so that the compiler can take a look for the first time and then take further measures in any case,, because it always carries out the consecration as a traction when the next instruction and so on, dot dot dot indicates that's not the case easy in real world.

A

But for us it's enough if we think about the cpu for construction, one after the other you've already heard about several cores scp bus that you can somehow do several things. At the same time, it doesn't matter we'll leave that one instruction after the other and this whole story depends on the cpu architecture. That was my big problem back then, when the sampling was written or published. Until now it was always platform dependent,, I.e. if I can write it for one cpu, then I can’t write it on another.

A

Cpu executing these machines depends on the highest platform, I.e. a cdu has a certain architecture and for this architecture there is an instruction set, I.e. the number of instructions that I can give the cpu and well that’s what the.

B

A

And, of course they don’t go together. The architecture is important to the different architect tours x6 from underscore 64. That's pretty much what we have everywhere. If we don't have a pc, that's 15 years old, right now,, so our cdu always support this instruction set. That's.

B

A

Of an add-on for x86.

E

A

On it's been around for a while, actually that's still backwards compatible all such great things, but in this lecture we can basically only point to this architecture, because we all have our cars, which can be that we do n't have the 64-bit version yet installed as an operating system. For example, if you have 32 bit windows xp, then it may be that we.

A

Can only use x86 more or less and not the 64 bit extension anyway. I assume most of you have that available. There are still poor ones that should be advised. Some of you might also be aware of using smartphones. Is it perhaps important to mention poor processors are quite economical and raspberry pi? Whoever has heard of it. Has the dax also to worry about, and just a lot of other people that somehow have a processor architecture, the ones that are extremely familiar,, especially with smartphones,?

A

These are the main processor architectures that we want to deal with. Here, too, there are subcategories, there are somehow different versions of food. I think eight or six is . The current one and of x86 now also different ones, also intel and amd, which, fortunately are almost exactly the same. It would be a disaster if intel and amd processor did different things. Fortunately, they are almost identical. As said, there are a couple of divisions. These are the two important ones and we can get the first one so far. So.

B

Clear we have so notice this funny thing.

A

You can't live. That's why there are cell phones, empty is the representation of machine code for people, so simply as text you could call it language. This language has a super strong correlation to machine code. Of course, we or our innkeeper also have machine code, but this correlation. The next step is our machines and what we do now is we define that? Typically, you don't do it around like that, but if we deassimilate it, then we come to the stanley.

A

That may not look like it's really understandable, but it's much better together. Every part is simple, an instruction. That means every line corresponding couple of examples and included. Are that is this strong correlation to that? After all, you can better imagine this piece arrives. If we understand later, the other direction is called assimilate.

A

Typically, of course, you write your sandy and assimilate that for the computers, the us media are rarely used unless you somehow want to hack foreign executives from where you don’t have the source code, and there are basically two axes once and intel we could use in this phase is not important, are 102 different ways of representation, because it always funny dollar signs and percent signs, see bmw here, then you know that doesn’t matter at t center, I said, and of.

E

Course we would always look.

A

At the cell phone we will fortunately not do in these binary data around the sometimes in 14 what you really have to do. Amputating a lot of urine by hand, I think, but what I would like to keep in mind is of course much more. The compiler, the cpu does n’t see this text. The cdu sees this down here also have to keep that in mind.

A

Yes, and now we’re going to learn a bit to read smd. First of all, we have to understand one thing,, namely registers registers are in the cpu memory of this directly above the cpu, and they are extremely fast. So, at the same time, extremely fast, these are sort of a couple of boxes that the cdu has directly with it, where they so work materials are variables can have so little time the instruction work, because I almost always work on these registers for our architecture.

A

There are 16 registers,, each with a size of 64 bits,, so up to 64, they are called the left registers because they also come from the old version simply on x86 and the right ones are new. The right ones are all general purpose registers that means I, just use them for everything. I, don't really have a special purpose for the processor. Those up there are actually also general purpose, but somehow they don't either,, so they have various cases a special purpose.

A

The next two are actually special, but are used more as strong and the last ones really so far. So that's a bit of use. In particular, everything has grown so much. It's a mess, a real mess. It gets even.

E

A

You came talking to parts of the registan as 64 bits. They are eight wide, but these registers have all grown historically and in the x86 x86 cpu. They were all 32 bits wide because we want to be backwards compatible. You can also address these registers as 32 bit registers. It was about the lower 32 bit of the register. So if he have an rx register, the very first up there, then there is an ex minister that means different but differentiated in part, then his memory.

A

That means, if we say at some point load 0 here in erics and then we say load 7x and then we look at each other differently and Erik's trend is then the seven comes out, because that happens almost the same will save the hot ev, so this left column means more and more in front. That is still quite easy to remember. The right memory actually has better ones in china from the fact that the one behind it stands for double word or the word abbreviated name scheme super chosen. It will be better.

A

There are 16 bit register picks because it just goes away, and that means that manfred has been woken up and the other ones.

E

Are called stop.

A

In the w, just did albert fetsch that went too slowly an analogy small, but there are still eight, please register. That's why I didn't visit here to write down the topic in the registers on the right side. It makes sense to say a vw at the end for soon, but as I said they hold somehow so here you can see it with everyone. You can taste them with each other, somehow blc ldl still and then I think it's more sl and the.

A

Compatibility is very accurate. We will.

B

A

Of the time, so we would never have had the idea of this one to use smaller registers. I just have the case that sometimes we see we actually always want to deal with it because it can be big. Then we just like it with the calculations, but sometimes you also see this other doesn't matter that.

B

A

Behind keep the handle, we definitely have this 16 memory slots action available where we can do things we'll take it by the hand. First of all, we can calculate now- maybe a few example instructions wax he guesses. What that does exactly that looks like that also hacks and the internet simply the register dax. So it's also coded quite short in the 21. Let's remember something that struck us that first in this there is always the operation, namely the type of operation. In the comment, for example, behind it come the arguments.

A

What do you think makes that more difficult.

A

F

A

Helps right right guess that is.

B

A

As I said, 720 packed in racks the other way around, it is of course not possible now, but what we notice is a person separated by commas and I would of course say that now the arguments can either register or intermediate, so its direct values, and now that you wanted to say the arguments order, it's strange first is the target. Al ani source also move, and it's a bit strange to read, but that's just how it is if he somehow move xkr bex as rb xmrv x3.

C

A

C

A

Be saved again, I hope so far. It's clear. There are somehow quite simple institutions that can't do much, but we can at least do things.

F

So that remains of.

A

Value right now, you can still do that in springer, then that now we can only always say the processor goes through the instruction instructions through help, not so crazy. If we want to do something interesting somehow need jumper and its jump jumps to an address where hopefully the next instruction is. Then that means the processor jumps there and leads the instruction at the address goes out and then goes on in memory, and that address is always given relative to the current instruction. Luckily, that's something that dealers take care of for us. That.

E

We don't have to calculate our relative to eat that we.

A

Would be absolutely insane if we had to do it? That's why you can always name it henry jump targets you can just give the name somehow, instead of looking at what it looks like for the first time, you probably often write some maine colon that then a so-called jump target.

A

If such a name doesn't have a dot in front, that's something meisters and outside is called whole point in front- has is mostly for internal purposes and comments can, if it is in team with charcoal institutions for reasons so the wrong step through here and all over again 27 year old, come now so jmp to score a job that is too a small jump address, or a jump mark that we have to define upwards. After that, we can write an instruction that ericsson, ericsson, is writing right now, but of course it will not be executed,.

A

Therefore, completely from above and jump away here- and here, we simply define this goal, for ourselves always have a name with a dot in front, for our internal benefit is no one else, should jump to blood and yes, children simply because we arise again and again.

A

Of course, your child could be a villain, simply jump here from this address and may spring. Here too, that will also be carried out,, but of course, it won't make any sense,. These jumps up to now,, because there's still a kind of dependency on a certain value and everything has to talk about sex,, although there's only one of them, the unconditional sayings not clear, because there are more of them, let's leave it. The jumps always pretty easy. So far, and now just something else message. This process not only has registers but also has flex.

A

These are both the candidates that are set and read by instructions. There are to example, these 3. There are a few others, but these are the most important ones more or less once this zero spot, which is always set if somehow the result of an instruction has led to 0. I guess wise, then there is this eyesore which ensures that the value is set if the previous instruction somehow has a result where the sign sets so the first becomes and that's carey spot. So that's the only sense when we act.

A

If some addition made it overflow more or less so we have one more But, it doesn't make any sense to go abroad, any more, for example, this function runs two registers on pvp,. You would expect it to compare it and how does it subtract them from each other and set the zero spot to 1? Accordingly, if the result is replaced by the result is of course only if the two are the same. That means the zero spot is on a law for both victims ran the same.

A

Are such great things you have to deal with them, but want to read. Discreet, are very many very many funny think, and this flex resist that of these. Could james used so conditionally jump. For example, now you hear roh or jackie stewart is just another name for it. They do the same thing. They should just jump when this zero spot is on 1 and otherwise they don't jump off. So you don't give the cpu at all to the next instruction, including your power. These are so now at some point.

A

You would write poppea accent, rbs or sign what you've ever that means subtracted or you reflected set to one if they were the same. The result was and therefore would have been right exactly then the two will be right away.

A

There's another example of strange thinking, but somehow counting works.

B

Somehow the government.

A

With ender in it, there are.

B

A

Other types of jumps for the wage and emergency blue things like that here: it's not.

B

A

As the winner's spot, but like that, what like that was low or carrie fleck, you can now think again that subtracted 1 is greater than the other via some.

B

A

Happen or some nonsense somehow works like that, and finally, there is another jump that we don't need so much now. But dynamic speakers are interesting again later,. That means we can also load such a spona address from somewhere,. So with the conditions,. We also specified the value directly, so loaded forever, or something like that with dynamic jump loading for this memory address from the memory itself. Interesting for later, if you know even more dynamic spiders from java that is, but who will later know exactly how it works.

A

There is no sander to do the rest anyway. It makes very, very seldom sense. I hope you remember a photo or other language like that, but the loop works. I just implemented it festively in rast how it would work. It doesn't work, but I hope it's clear that this book should do.

A

Our goal now is to implement the program.

A

And yes, I immediately asked everyone to use their cell phones. Does someone from the audience drive what you have? A lot of people take part faster. Now we have an email to so just bring it in, and then you would like to run the first line here. It already says that the majority should be saved. Is it what kind of institution decide.

F

A

A

Realize the next time first, what happens 14 first executed in ras code duel. He only puts the conditions at the end. That means it will be executed right away at the end 1. How is it.

A

Doing at the moment, but you can be something else now we.

E

A

C

A

D

A

Such an unbelievably random one still has that, okay, as if then this plus will be executed straight away,.

E

A

Had best written that yesterday evening, well, then, it will or informatics be there that’s how it goes of course it’s. Not that good. Yet so it’s, both right, ok, now excited now. I can check these conditions at this point. Will whether10.

A

A

A

A

C

F

Set to the top.

A

Exactly that is right, and then the comment must, of course, also change if it is 0, so it's very different, then we want to be very precise and then everything has already been done by active so that with.

B

E

Introduction, of course,.

A

E

A

We either can't write anything under klopp that I wanted to introduce briefly that stands for an operation that does n't do anything, but you can do it insert we make it a.

B

A

Complicated with a wild loop ends already thinking.

E

About it, while.

A

I give my sandy cooking. There have been the same place.

B

A

Go again who wants to do the same to me the first time and now.

A

Culprit directly, this test made by e10.

A

A

I just copied it from the previous one and then simply we make it that you need these two institutions either the same and.

C

A

Exactly here, tired start hatch, what exactly you need here? We two jumps you can so complete. The duo loops are significantly better. Two loops are always less than instructions are not, but in this case no longer have to try instructions with two songs seems to be very clever and that he made it with 1 I did it yesterday we still have okay, so far so good. It would be our first bit written into the mobile phone. Of course, we don't have to do it by hand, but it doesn't matter. We have understood the basics.

A

We naturally ask ourselves first, how does it work from rasteau cms energy co? Then somehow we seem to get to the machine code and it works as follows: the compiler short form. We are afraid that his text will be legible for us and actually what the first two steps will be is maybe not a literati.

A

Exactly the witcher partly open and then that from pala to the asc from abstract are specially built. That is true. The way up before. Without these two bushels you ca, n't do anything with a dab at the beginning. You try somehow on board checker the examiner pensioner to write on the level of the text is almost me with. So then we'll get sometime status where the kompalla, the main work is doing. We have a lot of weird data structures, somehow dcf pouring control photographer. Then you have to think about it.

A

How the control flow will be within a function which instruction, e.g. which instructions are executed, and so on and so forth. Somehow, a lot of weird data structures and the compiler uses the old and the forst it everything else. Rules,, for example, checking very interesting, but of course I won't go into that. He in the name always stands for intermediate representation that I somehow like a presentation of the code at a certain point in time of the compiler, but going down again so the campaign somehow noticed. Ok, the code is all ok with the feces.

A

Now I want to generate the machine code and, first of all, it will be converted to me that doesn’t stand for anything with the video or something like that with leipzig, also with level intermediate representation. That's just another representation that you.

A

Can also look at in the playground playground by the way, that's a very, very primitive rust coming, but you can read about who then executed the cocktails page in it, and now it's interesting now complete that, namely for the world championships that are right now we will ll world championships that we do n’t know yet either, and that will finally appear to mechanical engineering is somehow dependent on 1tb comes about, is a little bit ideal league as machine code, but that’s somehow cpu independent, which of course, is great. It's good.

A

You know that maybe from java bytecode it also depends on the machine. But how far is it done to interpret it at runtime or to partially combine it? The wm is very complicated, but it happens somehow at runtime. You know that the file is there ball in it. That is also cpu and english, and that we interpret at runtime wm makes it different lbm.

A

This tool converts this to machine code when compiling what makes it so. First of all, a lot of cpu can only be said of java. That would be real machines. Independent is nonsense as well as extremely supported for the cpu s, and since we all use rast, we can also profile to so many cdu. I have already said we can benefit without problems to ascari or something, and it should mgm is also extremely good at Optimizing.

A

That's something that some of you may not have heard of at all,, but the compiler that doesn't translate your head one-to-one,. In the vast majority of cases you recognize yourself,. You don't even recognize yourself in the original code in machine code,. These are optimizations of compilers that he does because the compiler knows the cpu 500 better, that you and simply optimizes, and also asks him recorded, sounds in c++ compiler used or 10.

A

So the ras comments sounds: I wrote that was there before and I.

B

A

You that for a moment, look at me that everything is correct. It is an excellent tool where you can take a good look at the smd contrast. It will have an effect. First of all, it goes at the back with the writing.

A

First come this rest function. How calculated a trying called rheingönheimer is more or less the the faculty. Only that not all numbers are multiplied from one to the number are simply added we see here. We somehow have an act that starts at zero and an I was a wedding, and that goes up to the limit. So what gets in here and each time we count how high and the at 1 what we are already seeing.

A

Is that what is very, very and idiomatically ascot here authorities, which of course just take literature and call the office on it, but was that a bit more meaningful? It makes you it is quite low level here, no matter what comes like you, for example, would also attribute well and in the end, to Iraq. Back now, let's see is tool highlight by the way on these things. What first strikes you when it's combined?

A

Normally it's along it very long when I, combined, normally so just baltic sea, something rhine from cargo The compiler combines something with it in the cheek,. That means it does not use any optimization of the source code and it adds additional information so that you can see the names of functions when you run the car, for example, such things in release, mode, on the other hand, or with optimization,, the compiler becomes all optimization on. You can give that to the team. If you ever use this tool, you also want to give your watch.

A

We see that it has become significantly less code, and that is also our whole function here. We see a jump target internally and once this goal of the above alternate rheingold, it's just the name and function.

A

We don't understand it completely, so decorate that some instructions, but some look at what bush ignores. We know super somehow. First pr, bp, don't worry the registers, don't matter then xo is called and that with 2 x ex also totally about services before it will continue to exist. We will therefore look at the next slide very briefly here, and we will see a few funny instructions right now.

A

These are infections that you will never write by hand, but the one from tyler inserts, because it is better but, for example, is more performant, let's start with xxx. What does it do? You say that, first of all, what does it do.

A

You normally think xperia x10 bex. What do you think it will do.

B

D

Or between the two with wise, calculated and then always.

A

Exactly that makes it good.

A

F

F

A

Exactly an extra value with itself always 0, we store it in erics. That means we just say be 60. That does it now, that's just shorter than if we say yes, xcom 0, the instruction down there has to have added value, I think with 7, and that up there with something not two or three times much better. So that’s why you can’t. Do it now from kosher, lea don’t even know and then square brackets come into play that we’ll get to know later.

A

That's still does it make this calculation in square brackets is stored in erics. Not really not that important. Why? But, ultimately it's so that the one in square brackets of a calculation that comes the cpu happens to be able to execute it pretty quickly, somehow an addition, and once you can count eight or four or something very,, very limited operations, but sometimes it really gets going. It just goes faster than if we were somehow doing things ourselves with a moped, and then we might see something else like that.

A

Both can imagine that maybe the multiplication, but there is now an opera specified if only one apparatus is specified, then mostly rx is used. Maybe that ends from info c still works here for the accu bator that it somehow with accumulator machines the register where everything happens, somehow the arithmetic register- and here too it is somehow partly inherited. So if an operation is just one apparatus and then he xrx is used as the second first, so the result will be nothing again. That's the way it is now so fix it to zero moment.

A

Sometimes eriks isn't rx. I do n't quite understand the reasons either, but somehow it's enough to set the lower 32 bits to zero. It's. What does test that somehow tests, two things.

A

Ultimately than that only the zero spot, if this r is de zero and this year that just jumps away now, if that was zero before then this, he de, if that is zero, we will talk straight to the end. End can just take a quick look at each other top. We ignore and red means asterisk function important later, not like that this earth just believe me. That's the argument.

A

What we get this limit, that's more in there just believe that means it says here somehow set eriks to zero, and if this limit is 0, then jump to the end and have to immediately- and here again he will exist for reasons that we we will understand later. What is.

B

A

Here now this is going to be funnier. First of all, there are two teacher instructions, so two calculations, and that is mr dx er de, so our limit 1 is stored in erics and our limit 2x. So that's just someone like that too. Another other register now, let's say rtx, and we know that rx is used here. First hand that means rc x times. Tax is saved to the rrx.

A

B

The whole thing.

A

Is difficult to come by that's a shift now and it's quite complicated this one instruction that somehow puts rx in er dx, about 63 places. What ultimately only makes it is part tax by two and saves the result of the dx?

A

D

That someone exactly.

A

For some reason, this writing was not made directly in place in eriks, but first rdx stored, no matter, probably because we want to use it extra after good and then we calculate this, he the dx. So this what we just calculated, + r de 1, okay, that was a.

E

A

Just what I said, but what you might notice yes,, let me jump in because here and this jump is only performed once after that you jump change, then you are right at the end. That sounds as if the us campaign made a mistake. It's because that should jump more often he will what I do here with mine. It sounds.

A

A

I knew so I didn't even know that I, of course, didn't give any great thought to how I can optimize this code on the left side, but the compiler is good, which is why it's now, somehow the multiplication of this part 1 x, the part two and there you can somehow calculate that more interesting time. They say you have somehow converted my year time. Algorithm in constance has algorithm something like that happened and again and again, because I've been looking at you for a long time and I'm amazed every time that she makes mistakes.

A

So it's amazing what comes next. He can knock out an optimization.

A

Exactly and we'll see more often what's happening, there I think that's a really bitter point to hear. Often we now know the institution and know how we deal with these limited ones. Boxing catch registan can do certain things and will next time, but employ more memory, because these registers are not enough, then register an optimum and see you on wednesday.