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From YouTube: SJAA Online Intro to the Night Sky
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A
C
We
normally
start
this
about
five
minutes
after
time
for
everybody
that's
on
right
now,
that
is
that's
usually
just
to
give
people
a
chance
to
get
to
the
parking
lot
and
get
into
the
into
the
clubhouse
I.
Don't
know
what
the!
If
there's
any
kind
of
lead
time
we
need
to
give
four
people
on
a
streaming
video
platform,
any
opinions,
wolf
or
Glenn.
C
A
C
C
So
what
we're
hoping
to
do
is
over
time
is
get
more
of
our
more
of
our
club
programs,
the
public
up
on
some
kind
of
some
kind
of
online
distribution
system
like
the
one
we're
trying
tonight,
that's
obviously
hard
to
do
if
you're
trying
to
get
people
to
look
through
telescopes
or,
if
you're,
trying
to
get
people
to
look
up
the
sky
so
so
bear
with
us.
This
is
a
public
talk
and
we
normally
give
this
first
quarter
moon
and
we
give
similar
one
last
quarter,
moon
at
the
who
keep
our
Clubhouse
in
San
Jose.
C
So
so
this
is
the
introduction
of
the
night
sky
talk
for
May
2020.
We
are
going
to
split
this
talk
into
two
pieces,
so
the
first
half
of
the
talk
will
be
about
some
techniques
and
some
tricks.
You
can
use
to
find
your
way
around
the
night
sky.
The
second
half
of
the
talk
will
be
about
some
things
that
you
can
see
and
and
you'll
be
able
to
use
those
techniques
to
find
these
things
it'll
make
it
easier
to
find
these
things
in
the
night
sky.
C
So
if
you
have
questions
you
can
post
them
in
the
youtube
chat
window
and
Glenn
will
relay
the
the
questions
to
me.
We
have
a
few
minutes
of
delay
here,
so
it's
possible
that
your
question
may
take
a
while.
Normally
what
we
like
to
do
with
this
is
people
just
shout
questions
out,
but
obviously
that's
gonna
be
a
little
bit
difficult
to
figure
out
here.
So
so
questions
in
the
pardon
me
in
the
YouTube
chat
window
and
Glenn
will
relay
them
to
me
and
feel
free
to
just
ask
questions.
So
this
is
this.
C
Is
an
informal
talk?
There's
nothing
really
you're,
not
gonna
insult
me.
If,
if
you
ask
something
all
right,
so
finding
your
way
around
the
night
sky,
so
the
first
half
of
the
talk
is
going
to
be
about
techniques
and
and
some
some
ways
of
understanding
how
the
night
sky
works,
so
that
you
can
find
your
way
around
in
the
northern
hemisphere.
There
are
really
only
four
big
groupings
of
bright
stars
and
and
easy
to
find
constellations
and
asked
or
patterns,
and
they
cover
a
fair
amount
of
what's
in
the
night
sky.
C
C
Here
so
the
polar
vortex
is
this
collection
of
bright
stars
and
and
and
patterns
around
Polaris,
which
is
the
North
Star
Polaris,
is
called
the
North
Star
because
it
appears
to
sit
almost
exactly
on
top
of
the
North
Pole.
So
if
you
can
find
Polaris,
you
can
find
north
generally
or
really
always
so.
This
Floris
isn't
always
the
North
Star
in
you
know,
in
a
few
thousand
years,
ten
thousand
years
or
so
it'll
have
moved
off
and
there
will
be
a
different
star
over
here.
C
C
So
if
you
have
a
sense
of
these
bright
stars
in
the
polar
vortex,
you
can
start
your
start
to
find
your
way
around
things.
So
one
of
the
easiest
little
tricks
to
learn
is
to
use
the
pointer
stars
in
the
Big
Dipper,
and
so
the
Big
Dipper.
Is
this
this
pattern
here
right,
it
looks
like
a
Dipper
there's
the
handle.
There's
the
cup
with
the
Big
Dipper
is
to
use
the
Big
Dipper
to
find
North.
C
This
is
actually
this
distance
here
between
the
cup
and
Polaris
is
five
lengths,
so
five
lengths
of
the
cup.
But
it's
a
really
easy,
really
easy
pattern
to
find.
Here.
You
can
use
the
other
side.
You
can
use
Cassiopeia
as
well.
The
e
to
point
yourself
to
Polaris
it's
a
little
bit
more
of
a
swerve
there,
but
it's
also
an
easy
way
to
find
Polaris
with
the
two
pointer
stars
in
Polaris,
then
or
sorry,
and
the
Big
Dipper
allow
you
to
find
Polaris
fairly
easily.
C
We
can
also
use
the
handle
of
the
Big
Dipper
to
find
the
star.
Arcturus
Arcturus
is
a
very
bright
red
star
that
you'll
see
in
rising
in
the
East,
just
just
about
just
a
little
ways
over
the
horizon
now
well
quite
a
ways
over
the
horizon,
but
it's
just
on
the
horizon
now
and
Santa's
a
fairly
easy
to
find,
but
Arcturus
is
easy
to
find
because
of
this
arc
and
the
handle
of
the
Big
Dipper
here.
So
amateur
astronomers
use
a
phrase
to
find
Arcturus.
C
They
say
arced,
Arcturus
and
normally
at
this
point,
I'm
going
to
ask
for
some
kind
of
audience
participation.
So
what
I
want
you
guys
to
do
at
home
is
repeat
after
me,
and
I
can't
hear
you
so
I
want
you
to
repeat
after
me,
arc
to
Arcturus
arc
to
Arcturus
arc
to
Arcturus
and
from
there
we
can
spike
on
to
Spica.
C
So
we
can
also
use
the
Big
Dipper
if
we,
if
we
draw
a
line
through
the
opposite
side
of
the
cup,
that
gets
us
to
the
star
regulus
and
the
constellation
leo
from
Vega
to
Deneb
gets
us
to
the
big
square
as
well
as
the
other
side
of
Cassiopeia.
So
the
big
square
is
a
big,
fairly
easy
constellation
to
find,
as
well
in
the
polar
vortex,
the
constellation
Pegasus.
So
why
are
that
wise?
C
It's
called
the
polar
vortex
well
from
San
Jose,
pretty
much
any
component
of
this
circle
is
going
to
be
visible
at
any
one
time
of
the
year.
For
all
of
this
is
visible
at
any
one
time
of
the
year.
Some
parts
of
it
are
going
to
be
to
the
south.
So
when
Auriga
is
high
up
in
the
sky,
Vega
will
be
low
in
the
horizon.
When
the
Big
Dipper
is
high
up
in
the
sky,
Cassiopeia
will
be
low
down
on
the
horizon.
C
Now,
as
you
go
further
north,
as
you
go
past,
say:
Northern
California,
Oregon,
Seattle
further
north
than
that
even
Polaris
climbs
up
higher
into
the
sky
and
all
the
other
stars
that
are
around
here
in
the
constellations
around
here
also
climb
up
higher
in
the
sky
I'm
until
you're
at
the
North
Pole,
when
Polaris
is
directly
at
the
very
top,
where
we're
at
37
degrees
up
Polaris
is
about
37
degrees
up
from
the
horizon.
That
gives
us
a
vision
of
all
this
stuff
or
view
all
this
stuff.
So
any
questions
about
the
polar
vortex.
A
C
Ok,
cool
excellent
like
to
hear
that
we,
you
need
to
do
the
repetition
piece,
otherwise
you
won't
remember
it,
and-
and
a
good
portion
of
this
is
just
going
to
be
remembering
these
these
techniques.
So
the
next
big
super
constellation
is
the
summer
triangle.
In
the
summer
triangle
is
starting
to
rise.
Now,
it'll
be
more
visible,
obviously
over
the
course
of
the
or
it
really
hits
the
high
really
in
San
Jose.
It's
just
to
the
south
of
us.
High
up
in
the
sky
passes
straight
overhead.
C
It's
a
very
bright
constellation
lots
of
cool
stuff
to
see
so
summer.
Triangle
is
composed
of
three
of
the
brighter
stars
in
the
northern
hemisphere.
Not
the
brightest,
but
they're,
very
easy
to
pick
out
so
Vega,
which
we
mentioned
earlier
as
part
of
the
polar
vortex
and
Deneb.
Also
part
of
the
polar
vortex
Vega
in
Lyra.
Again
Deneb
is
in
Cygnus
the
Swan
and
Altair
in
Aquila
the
Eagle.
C
So
it's
called
the
summer
triangle
because
it's
a
triangle
obviously,
but
there
are
some
really
easy
things
to
spot
in
the
summer
triangle
here.
So
one
of
them
is
Deneb
here
in
sadness,
is
the
tail
of
the
Swan,
so
sadness
is
a
swan.
You
can
see
the
wings
they're
kind
of
stretched
out
there's
the
neck
of
the
Swan
there
and
then
Deneb
is
in
the
tail.
This
pattern
this
particular
this
core
part
of
the
constellation
here
is
called
the
northern
cross
and
it's
fairly
easy
to
spot
this
fuzzy
stuff
here
is
the
Milky
Way.
C
So
the
summer
triangle
sits
on
top
of
the
Milky
Way,
where
we
see
through
it
the
Milky
Way.
So
there's
a
lot
of
interesting
stuff
in
here
from
Deneb
to
altair,
gets
us
to
Sagittarius
down
here
in
the
center
of
the
galaxy
from
Vega
to
Altair,
gets
us
to
formal,
hot
and
Aquarius
and
Capricorn.
The
fainter
constellations
of
the
zodiac
from
Vega
to
Deneb
gets
us
up
to
Cassiopeia
again
in
the
in
the
vortex,
and
from
Deneb
to
Vega
is
an
alternate
way
to
Arcturus.
C
So
a
couple
other
patterns
here
to
keep
in
mind,
one
is
Deneb.
Vega
gets
us
to
Arcturus,
but
it
passes
through
this
shape
over
here.
This
particular
shape
in
the
core.
The
constellation
Hercules
is
called
the
Keystone
and
it's
a
it's
also
a
really
easy
pattern
to
spot.
It's
called
the
Keystone
because
it
appears
to
be
the
Keystone
in
the
arch
of
the
sky,
so
in
in
the
arch.
The
architecture
of
the
arch,
the
Keystone,
is
the
piece
that
holds
the
arch
together.
C
This
is
the
this
appears
to
be
a
keystone
at
the
top
of
the
sky.
So
a
fairly
easy
pattern
to
spot.
You
see
the
big
square
over
here
right,
so
there's
Cassiopeia,
there's
the
big
square.
That's
the
big
square
is
a
pretty
easy
one
to
spot.
Two
really
important
ones
come
especially
coming
ups
during
the
summer.
So
Sagittarius
is
this
shape
down.
Here,
Sagittarius
is
in
the
center
of
the
galaxy.
This
shape
is
called
the
teapot,
that's
the
core
of
the
Sagittarius
constellation
and
it's
called
the
teapot
because
it
looks
like
a
teapot.
C
So
here's
the
body
of
the
teapot,
here's
the
spout,
here's,
the
lid
of
the
teapot,
there's
the
handle
right,
and
so
the
teapots,
the
easiest
parts
of
Sagittarius
to
spot
fairly.
You
know
it'll
start
showing
up,
probably
in
a
month
or
two
on
the
south
eastern
horizon
it'll
rise
fairly
high
up
in
the
sky
to
the
south
over
the
course
of
the
summer.
C
This
part
of
this
hazy
patch
is
the
center
of
the
galaxy.
So
this
is
our
downtown
portion
of
the
galaxy
and,
if
you
think
of,
if
you
think
of
a
galaxy
is
like
is
like
a
giant
City
right,
this
is
the
this.
Is
the
exciting
downtown
San
Jose
right
right
here
is
this
is
saggitaron,
so
there's
black
holes,
there's
globular
clusters
right,
there's
giant,
nebula,
all
kinds
of
really
interesting
stuff
to
see
this
constellation
here
is
Scorpius.
C
Scorpius
is
a
fairly
easy
constellation
to
spot
because
of
the
because
of
the
shape
itself
right.
So
it
kind
of
looks
like
a
scorpion
there's
a
bright
red
star
at
the
head
of
the
scorpion
called
Antares,
which
means
the
Anti
Mars,
but
it's
it's
really
easy
to
spot
it.
It
looks
like
a
jewel
on
a
lot
of
sort
of
late
summer
evenings,
so
the
squirt.
C
This
is
this
constellation
points
to
the
south,
historically
in
Polynesian
astronomy,
and
so
it
became-
and
it's
also
just
known
as
Maui
hook.
So
in
the
movie
Moana,
this
shape
is
or
sorry
in
Polynesian.
That's
just
the
movie
wanna
a
Polynesian
astronomy.
This
is
Maui's
hook.
So
if
there
are
any
eight-year-olds
in
the
audience,
that's
something
to
keep
in
mind.
C
So
one
cool
thing
about
the
summer
triangle,
from
the
standpoint
of
Polynesian
astronomy,
so
that
for
the
Polynesians
the
navigators
triangle
was,
a
map
of
the
Pacific
Deneb
was
Hawaii,
Vega
was
Easter,
Island
and
Altair
was
New
Zealand
and
the
stars
in
the
inside
of
the
triangle
were
associated
with
other
islands
in
the
Pacific
in
a
kind
of
a
mnemonic
pattern.
So
they
don't
necessarily
have
exactly
the
same
distances.
C
C
The
winter
hat,
so
the
winter
hexagon
is
setting.
Now
it's
got
the
brightest
stars
in
the
northern
sky
and
a
lot
of
a
lot
of
really
cool
stuff.
In
it,
the
winter
hexagon
is
Sirius,
which
is
the
brightest
star
in
the
northern
sky,
Procyon
in
canis,
minor,
castor
and
pollux,
and
the
constellation
Gemini.
The
twins
capella
in
the
constellation
Auriga
all
the
bran,
which
is
in
Taurus
the
Bull
and
then
Rigel,
which
is
in
the
left
foot
of
Orion.
So
a
Ryan
is
really
easy
to
spot
Orion.
C
Betelgeuse
is
a
very
red
star
in
Orion's
in
Orion's
right,
shoulder,
Rigel
is
very
red
star
in
Orion's
left
foot
from
Rigel
to
Alda.
Bran
gets
you
to
Perseus
in
Cassiopeia
from
Sirius.
Procyon
gets
you
up
to
Ursa
Major
and
then
to
the
Big
Dipper
and
then
from
capella
through
to
cancer.
I
were
sorry
through
castor
and
Pollux
gets
you
to
Regulus
again
so
regulus
is
regulars.
Is
the
brightest
star
in
the
constellation
Leo?
The
Lion
Leo
looks
like
a
lion
in
this
rendering
right.
C
So
here's
the
here's,
the
lion,
there's
the
body
there's
his
foot.
There's
the
mane
I
think
that
this
backwards
question
mark
is
one
of
the
easier
patterns
in
the
sky
to
spot.
So
so,
if
you
can
spot
the
backwards
question
mark
then
you're
looking
at
Leo,
so
a
couple
of
easy
patterns
then
to
keep
in
mind.
So
let's
go
back
here.
So
we
have
the
Big
Dipper
whoop.
C
C
We
have
the
northern
cross,
we
have
Sagittarius
the
teapot,
we
have
Maui's
hook
in
the
Scorpion,
and
then
we
have
Orion's
belt
and
the
backwards
question
mark.
So
some
easy
ways
to
find
your
way
around
some
easy
ways
to
sort
of
to
divide
the
sky
up.
So
the
final
super
constellation
is
the
skylight
and
the
skylight
is
not
really
an
organization
so
much
as
it
is
kind
of
a
an
absence
of
organization.
C
C
So
so,
within
this
space
there
are
a
lot
of
familiar
a
lot
of
familiar
constellations
right,
so
we
have
Ursa
Major.
We
have
Procyon,
you
can
see
here
the
right,
so
the
winter
hexagon
is
over
here.
The
summer
triangle
is
over
here
right.
The
polar
vortex
is
over
here.
This
whole
area
in
here
is
the
skylight
there's
Arcturus,
which
we
can
get
to
by
arcing
right.
So
this
whole
area
in
here
is
all
the
rest
of
the
universe,
and
each
of
these
dots
is
a
is
a
reasonably
easy
to
find
galaxy.
C
C
Since
you
go
outside
right,
you
have
reasonably
good
idea
how
to
divide
the
sky
up
into
super
constellations.
Now,
it's
time
to
get
yourself
a
star
chart
a
star
chart
can
help.
You
find
the
objects
that
you're
interested
in
so
whether
that's
galaxies
or
planets,
or
whatever
the
star
charts
going
to
allow
you
to
translate
what
you're,
seeing
on
the
star
chart
into
the
sky,
to
help
you
figure
out.
What's
going
on
it's
a
map
of
the
sky.
C
Obviously
the
problem
is
that
the
sky
problem
we
have
as
astronomers
is
the
sky
doesn't
come
in
a
grid.
So
it's
difficult
to
know
precisely
how
to
translate
the
the
relative
scale
of
the
grid
and
the
star
chart
up
into
the
sky.
These
hand
signals
which
are
ancient
right,
so
these
hand
signals
go
back.
Thousands
of
years
they're
used
in
the
South
Pacific
they're
used
in
the
Sahara
they're
used
in
the
Great
Plains
they're
used
in
the
Arctic
they're
just
everywhere.
These
are
the
hand,
signals
these
hand.
C
C
All
right,
so
you
should
be
able
to
see
me.
Okay,
so
stand
up
and
I
want
you
to
put
your
arm
out
as
far
as
it
goes.
So
this
works
whether
you're
small
you're
big.
If
you're
small,
your
hands,
not
very
big,
but
you
can't
stretch
your
arm
out
as
far
as
it
goes,
and
if
you're
taller
and
larger
then
your
hand
will
stretch
out
further,
but
your
hand
is
smaller,
so
you
want
to
stretch
your
arm
out.
As
far
as
it
goes,
you
put
up
your
little
finger.
B
A
C
Super
constellation
doesn't
take
any
binoculars
at
all.
You
should
be
able
to
see
that
just
by
going
outside
so
on
a
on
a
reasonably
clear
night
and
I,
don't
think
tonight's,
a
reasonably
clear
night,
but
on
a
reasonably
clear
night,
the
like
the
polar
vortex
will
be
just
right
out
there
in
the
sky,
to
the
north
of
us
right
so
you'll
be
able
to
see
the
Big
Dipper
you'll
be
able
to
see
Cassiopeia,
for
example,
all
that
stuff
will
be
out
there
same
with
Orion.
C
C
So
if
we
know
there
is
a
cool
couple
of
galaxies
sitting
over
here
and
the
grid
tells
us
they're
about
10
degrees
from
Dubey,
then
what
we
do
is
we
go
up.
We
find
the
Big
Dipper.
This
is
the
Big
Dipper
here
right,
so
there's
the
handle
that
we
arced
to
Arcturus
is
going
to
be
over
in
the
corner
here:
someplace
right
off
to
the
edge
there's
the
Big
Dipper,
there's
Polaris
over
here
somewhere.
C
But
if
we
know
that
there's
two
cool
galaxies
over
here
about
10
degrees
off
of
Dubey,
we're
going
to
go
out,
find
the
Big
Dipper
the
cup
of
the
Big
Dipper
and
put
our
fist
right
so
that
it's
right
on
the
edge
right.
There's
our
fist
put
it
right
on
the
edge
of
Dubey
and
then
we'll
still
be
able
to
start
looking
with
our
binoculars
over
here
about
10
degrees
away.
D
D
C
We
measure
the
brightness
of
star
in
terms
of
it
using
a
term
called
magnitude
and
magnitude,
has
a
complicated
local
rhythmic
relationship
and
if
you're,
if
you're
curious,
how
it
works,
I
would
suggest
you
take
a
look
at
Wikipedia,
because
it's
a
it's
a
it's
an
old
old
and
somewhat
arbitrary
explanation,
but
for
our
purposes
the
lower
the
magnitude,
the
brighter
the
object,
the
higher
the
magnitude,
the
dimmer
the
object
on
our
planet.
The
brightest
object
is
the
Sun
with
a
magnitude
negative
26.
Full
moon
is
magnitude.
C
C
So
most
of
the
time
in
San
Jose,
you
can
see
two
about
magnitude,
3
or
4.
That's
the
limiting
magnitude.
The
human
eye
can
usually
see
to
about
6
or
6
and
a
half
on
a
cloudy
on
a
clear
night.
If
the
person's
vision
is
good
in
this
range,
though
there's
a
whole
variety
of
thing,
so
it's
not
just
stars
that
we're
looking
at
we're.
C
Also,
looking
at
various
kinds
of
planets,
we're
looking
at
galaxies,
we're
looking
at
globular
clusters,
nebulae
and
a
whole
variety
of
things
once
you
start
to
add
in
instruments,
so
binoculars
can
get
you
to
magnitude
seven
or
eight
on
a
really
good
night.
Telescopes
will
get
you
regularly
to
magnitude
nine
in
San
Jose
ten.
If
you
get
outside
the
city,
that
gets
you
up
to
three
hundred
and
forty
thousand
objects.
C
That's
a
lot
of
different
kinds
of
things
to
see
most
of
the
time
again
in
San
Jose,
with
your
own
eyes,
you'll
get
two
magnitude
three
or
four,
depending
on
how
dark
the
sky
is
and
that's
again
a
light
pollution
issue,
so
you
can
use
this
chart.
This
is
a
service
put
out
by
Environment
Canada
called
clear,
dark
sky.
C
This
allows
you
to
determine
how
the
seeing's
going
to
be
in
any
given
night.
So
the
limiting
magnitude
is
a
function
of
a
whole
bunch
of
different
kinds
of
considerations.
The
limiting
magnitude
remember
is
the
the
the
dimmest
object
you
can
see
with
your
own
eyes
and
in
your
in
say,
the
city
of
San
Jose
and
the
limiting
magnitude
is.
Is
dependent
on
the
amount
of
water
vapor
in
the
atmosphere.
C
Obviously,
if
there's
lots
of
clouds
you're
limiting
magnitudes
gonna
be
really
high
or
really
low,
the
moon
can
can
make
a
big
have
a
big
impact
on
limiting
magnitude,
light
pollution,
heat
wind,
etc,
all
sorts
of
stuff.
Obviously,
if
there's
smoke
in
the
sky
from
fires,
that'll
have
an
impact,
so
what
what
I
generally
do
with
this
clear
dark?
So
this
is
called
the
clear
dark
sky
chart.
So
I
look
at
cloud
cover,
I,
look
at
transparency
and
I.
C
Look
at
seeing
so
darkness
is
going
to
tell
you
roughly
when
the
Sun
sets
right,
so
they're
the
sun,
setting
a
little
bit
after
2100
hours.
This
is
the
darkest
part
of
the
day,
the
darker
the
blue,
here,
the
the
better
the
seeing.
So
these
are
four
out
of
five
from
a
cloud
cover
standpoint.
These
are
three
out
of
five
s
and
two
out
of
five
s
and
the
transparency
in
the
seeing
so
tonight
is
not
a
great
time
to
pull
a
telescope
out.
C
That
doesn't
mean
that
there's
there's
nothing
to
see,
because
the
cloud
cover
is
actually
fairly
good.
Based
on
this
forecast
tonight
right,
it's
just
that
your
transparency
in
seeing
our
be
very
good
so
for
lots
of
things
so
for
the
objects
that
we're
going
to
talk
about
a
little
later,
tonight's,
not
the
best
night,
to
look
at
stuff.
But
there
is,
for
example,
the
moon
is
up,
there's
nothing
that
you
there's
nothing
about
this
transparency
and
seeing
forecast
that
would
stop
it
from
looking
at
the
moon.
C
C
They
do
a
lot
in
different
regions,
partly
because
of
microclimate.
So
in
the
Bay
Area,
the
micro
climates
are
pretty
particular.
It
can
be
really
bad
in.
You
know
in
Morgan,
Hill
and
great
and
Gilroy,
and
then
really
bad
again
in
Saratoga
and
really
good
in
San
Jose.
So
we
have
a
lot
of
different
local
forecasts
in
the
Bay
Area,
so
it's
worth
finding
the
one
that's
closest
to
you.
So
what
is
there
to
see?
C
The
stuff
we're
gonna
talk
about
in
the
the
second
half
of
the
talk
is
the
stuff
that
I
I'm
interested
in
so
but
but
I
mean
the
universe,
starts
right
outside
your
door
right.
The
this.
The
sky
is
about
50
feet
thick
or
the
the
atmosphere
is
about
50
feet
thick,
you
can,
you
can
drive
there
in
an
hour.
You
can
run
there
and
in
a
few
hours
there's
you
know
once
you
get
outside
of
that,
there's
all
kinds
of
stuff
to
see.
C
C
Meteor
showers
are
really
just
patches
of
gravel
that
are
in
the
Earth's
orbit
that
the
earth
moves
through
as
it
moves
around
the
Sun
and
this
gravels
just
minding
its
own
business
there
when
the
earth
happens
to
swing
through
so
so
we're
constantly
in
the
process
of
going
through
meteor
showers.
Within
the
solar
system
itself,
we
have
the
moon,
there's
tons
of
interesting
stuff
to
see
on
the
moon.
We
have
the
planet.
We
have
the
Sun
itself.
C
If
you're
a
solar
astronomer,
you
don't
even
need
to
stay
up
late,
like
all
the
other
astronomers
you
can
get
up
like
normal
people
and
and
look
at
the
thing
that
you're
interested
in
right
out.
In
the
middle
of
the
day,
we
have
comets
as
well
there's
a
couple
of
interesting
comets
that
are
starting
to
brighten
up
that
may
put
on
a
show
this
summer
for
us,
which
would
be
cool.
C
Within
our
galaxy
we
have
star
clusters
which
come
in
in
open
star
clusters,
the
open
variety
in
the
globular
variety
and
we'll
talk
about
a
globular
tonight.
An
open
star
cluster
is
a
is
a
more
loosely
compacted
set
of
stars,
so
in
a
globular
cluster
you
might
have
a
hundred
thousand
within
an
open
cluster.
You
might
have
a
hundred.
D
C
C
These
are
stars
whose
magnitude
changes
over
time,
so
they
might,
they
might
go
from
magnitude
1,
which
is
relatively
bright
to
magnitude
4,
for
example,
which
is
relatively
dim,
and
that
might
happen
over
the
course
of
a
couple
days,
or
it
might
happen
over
the
course
of
a
couple
months
or
even
longer,
and
for
the
longest
time
nobody
really
knew
what
was
behind
variable
stars.
There
were
all
sorts
of
theories
about
maybe
changes
in
the
way
that
their
that
that
the
fusion
core
of
the
star
itself
was
changing
right.
C
That's
really
only
been
in
the
last
I
would
say.
15
years
or
so
you
know
the
the
planet.
The
exoplanetary
systems
are
probably
not
more
than
20
or
30,
20
or
25
years
old
in
general,
but
we
now
know
is
there's
all
these
exoplanetary
systems
all
over
the
place
and
astronomers
are
beginning
or
amateur.
Astronomers
are
beginning
to
understand
how
those
are
beginning
to
see
those
X
planetary
systems.
C
We
also
have
Nova
and
supernova,
so
Nova
are
stars
that
explode
on
a
fairly
frequent
basis
there
so
they're
kinds
of
variables,
but
they
explode
in
and
they
change
the
brightness
in
much
more
dramatic
ways
and
then
supernovae,
of
course,
are
just
giant
stars
that
go
kablooey
and
there's
speculation
that
the
star
Betelgeuse
in
Orion
may
go
supernova
or
maybe
in
the
process
of
changing
itself
fairly
dramatically,
and
they
tend
to
happen.
You
know
they
tend
to
happen
every
hundred
years
or
so
supernova
in
our
galaxy,
at
least
from
from
where
we're
standing.
C
And
then
we
have
extra
galactic
objects.
So
extra
galactic
objects
we
just
straight
up
galaxies
and
then
we
have
clusters
of
galaxies
in
those
clusters
themselves
interact
in
pretty
dramatic
ways,
sometimes
they're
in
the
process
of
ripping
themselves
parts
or
the
colliding
or
exploding
or
doing
all
kinds
of
cool
stuff.
C
So
what
are
we
going
to
talk
about
this
month?
We're
gonna
talk
about
the
constellations,
Ursa
Major,
canes,
Venatici
or
kin
affinity,
C,
and
the
two
constellations
crater
in
Corvis.
We'll
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
moon,
we'll
talk
about
the
three
cool
planets,
Jupiter,
Mars
and
Saturn,
and
we'll
talk
about
some
deep
sky
objects.
So
a
globular
cluster
and
a
galaxy
so
Ursa
Major
Ursa
Major
is
the
Big
Dipper.
It's
it's
actually,
a
very
large
constellation
called
the
it's.
The
Big
Dipper
is
only
part
of
it.
C
Only
about
a
third
of
the
space
of
the
sky
and
the
in
Ursa
Major
is
the
Big
Dipper.
It
covers
a
wide
range
of
space,
it's
about
what
is
that
close
to
40
degrees
right
from
north
to
south
and
about
10
20,
30,
40,
50,
almost
60
degrees
from
east
to
west.
So
it's
one
of
the
larger
constellations
in
the
sky.
C
This
pattern
itself.
So
this.
So
when
we
talk
about
this
pattern,
this
is
the
region
right.
So
this
whole
region
of
space
is
is
labeled
as
a
bear
by
a
lot
of
different
kinds
of
constellations,
so
as
far
south
as
as
Israel
Palestine
in
the
Middle
East,
the
Greeks
as
far
north
as
the
Finns
in
between
with
the
Iroquois.
C
They
all
named
this
constant
named
this
space
in
the
sky,
the
Big
Bear,
which
is
kind
of
an
interesting,
an
interesting
cross-cultural
pattern,
but
easy
to
find
because
of
the
Big
Dipper.
So
lots
of
galaxies
in
here
this
area
in
here,
particularly
or
you
see
all
these
red
dots.
These
are
all
galaxies.
This
is
the
core
part
of
the
sky.
Light
super
constellation
over
in
here.
C
Next
constellation
is
canes,
Venatici
can
is
vanity
see.
My
Italian
is
terrible.
So
pardon
me
this
is
a
very
small
constellation
between
boaties,
the
the
herder
or
the
Shepherd
and
Ursa
Major
over
here.
So
this
star
here
is
Arcturus,
and
how
do
we
get
to
Arcturus
type
it
into
the
chat
window?
If
you
know
how
to
get
to
Arcturus.
C
Alright,
so
we're
going
to
arc
to
Arcturus
right,
so
we
are
to
Arcturus
to
get
from
through
the
handle
of
the
Big
Dipper
to
get
to
Arcturus
can
is
vanity.
C
is
in
between
Ursa
Major
and
Bootes.
Now,
what's
interesting
about
this,
so
these
are
all
little
galaxies
in
here
are
not
little,
but
these
little
dots
here
are
galaxies.
Like
52,
you
know
a
trillion
trillion
solar
mass
space,
but
this
area
is
really
rich
in
here.
C
C
Northern
Italians
got
a
chance
to
name
the
constellations
before
a
lot
of
the
rest
of
us
did.
That's
why
this
is
called
the
hunting
dogs,
so
that's
cannes,
Venatici
crater,
so
crater
is
this
relatively
faint
constellation.
I
said
you
know,
I
say
here
that
it's
barely
visible
in
San
Jose,
that's
a
little
unfair!
It's
actually
once
you
kind
of
see
crater
in
Corvis,
it's
hard
to
not
it's
hard
to
unsee
them
there
right
kind
of
low
on
the
on
the
horizon
right
now,
sort
of
like
if
you
look
towards
Mount
almond
hum.
C
You
know
the
box
right,
the
mountain
with
the
big,
the
big
square
box
on
top
the
old
radar
station.
So
if
you
kind
of
look
a
little
bit
to
the
east
of
that,
once
the
Sun
sets
you'll
see
you'll
see
Corvis
much
easier
than
crater
crater
itself.
The
the
story
behind
crater
is
that
it
was
a.
It
was
a
cup
and
it
insulted
the
god
Apollo
somehow,
and
so
it
got
tossed
up
into
the
sky.
C
Corvus
Crowe
is
a
constellation
just
south
of
the
ecliptic,
so
the
ecliptic
is
the
path
the
Sun
follows
through
the
sky,
this
constellation
can
be
found
from
Spica.
So
when
you
Arcturus,
if
you
keep
going
you
get
to
Spica
and
if
you
keep
going
through
Spica
and
you
get
to
Corbis
this
constantly,
this
is
the
southern
boundary.
This
constellation
is
the
southern
boundary
of
our
galactic
super
cluster.
C
C
The
moon
is
an
interesting
object
in
its
own
right.
So
there's
tons
of
interesting
things
you
can
spot
on
the
moon.
There
are
very
straight
narrow,
canyons,
there's
a
lot
of
craters
within
craters
with
in
craters
all
that
kind
of
cool
stuff.
The
moon
is
the
second
brightest
object
in
the
sky,
so
you
want
to
try
to
avoid
looking
directly
at
the
full
moon.
C
C
C
C
If
you
get
a
telescope
is
increase
your
magnification
fairly
dramatically,
but
generally,
if
you've
got
binoculars.
The
best
thing
to
do
is
to
just
sort
of
look
at
the
Terminator
look
along
the
Terminator,
so
planets
planets
are
found
along
the
ecliptic.
The
ecliptic
I
mentioned
just
a
little
earlier.
That's
the
path
the
Sun
and
the
zodiacal
constellations
appear
to
follow
through
the
sky.
C
So
there's
a
fairly
straightforward
reason
why
the
Sun,
why
these
planets
all
seem
to
be
within
roughly
the
same
area
of
the
sky
as
the
Sun
and
that's
because,
as
the
planets
orbit
around
the
Sun
they
orbit
in
a
kind
of
a
reasonably
flat
doughnut
shaped
space
around
the
Sun.
That's
the
ecliptic
that
was
how
planets
were
were
were
found
in
over
the
course
of
history.
C
Is
that
these
the
planets
appear
to
be
stars
that
that
move
over
the
course
of
time
and
they
move
in
this
fairly
narrow
band
of
the
sky,
so
they
so
they
live
in
the
constellation
Taurus,
for
example.
So,
right
now,
Venus
is
in
Taurus,
Saturn
and
Jupiter
are
on
the
border
of
Sagittarius
Jupiter.
Still
in
Sagittarius
Saturn's
in
Capricornus
Mars
is
thoroughly
in
Capricornus.
You
can
see
here.
We
have
the
first
quarter
really
the
first
quarter.
C
Moon
is
on
May
3rd,
so
tomorrow
night
or
the
sorry
Sunday
night,
and
we
had
their
new
moon
last
weekend
and
the
26th
of
April.
So
this
is
a
cool
graphic
put
out
by
the
guy
at
glyph.
What
up
calm?
Why
is
it
cool?
Well
because
it
tells
you
where
the
planets
are
in
relationship
to
the
Sun
in
a
fairly
straightforward
way.
C
C
Venus,
isn't
particularly
interesting
as
a
planet
to
look
at
so
Venus
is
covered
in
sulfuric
acid.
There's,
dense,
dense
clouds
of
sulfuric
acid,
on
on
the
in
the
atmosphere
of
Venus,
and
so
the
most
we
really
see
from
Venus
is
his
phases.
Venus
will
go
through
phases
like
like
the
moon
does
like
our
moon
does,
which
you
can't
see
anything
under
those,
so
those
clouds
of
sulfuric
acid,
so
Venus
is
very
bright
right
now.
It's
actually
very
close
to
the
Pleiades,
which
are
the
this
very
cool.
C
D
C
So
with
Jupiter.
The
four
main
moons
are
very
easy
to
spot
with
binoculars.
They
will
generally
be
laid
out
across
in
a
in
a
sort
of
an
align
across
Jupiter
with
a
telescope.
It's
fairly
easy
to
make
out
three
cloud
bands:
the
three
main
cloud
bands.
So
this
one
this
one
and
this
one
down
here,
you
can
find
all
sorts
of
schedules
for
the
location
of
the
Great
Red
Spot,
so
the
Great
Red
Spot
circles
around
Jupiter
this
storm
down
here
in
the
corner.
This
storm
is
shrunk
over
the
course
of
the
last
300
years.
C
It
was
one
of
his
charges
of
heresy
was
that
he
had
accused
the
king
of
the
planets
of
having
acne,
but
that
storm
is
starting
has
been
shrinking
dramatically
over
the
course
of
the
last
hundred
years
or
so
so
so
you
should
see
it
now,
and
you
can
tell
your
kids
about
it.
If
it
ever
disappears,
you
can
also
find
schedules
for
the
location
of
the
moons,
so
the
moons
themselves
as
they
orbit
around
the
planet.
You
know
they'll
be
visible
at
various
times.
C
C
Saturn
is
many
people
on
their
first
view
of
saturn
is
as
close
to
a
religious
experience.
So
saturn
right
now
is
magnitude
0.5
in
eastern
sagittarius.
Again
it
rises
at
1
a.m.
it's
about
two
degrees
from
jupiter.
So
we
remember
how
to
make
two
degrees
right.
We
hold
our
arm
up.
Our
little
finger
is
1
degree
right,
so
we
need
two
of
those
Saturn's
moons
are
relatively
easy
to
spot,
but
they're
more
spread
out
than
jupiter.
C
If
you
can
see
this
line
here,
this
break
between
the
inner
and
the
outer
rings,
that's
called
the
Cassini
division.
If
you
can
see
that,
then
you
have
a
sign.
It's
a
sign
of
fairly
good,
seeing
the
Rings
will
change
aspect
over
time,
so,
as
you
know,
over
the
course
of
17
years,
or
so
these
rings
shift
until
their
edge-on.
So
again,
this
is
one
of
these
things
where
right
now
we're
in
a
fairly
good
aspect
for
Saturn.
D
C
C
I'd
say
in
San
Jose
a
6-inch
telescope
will
get
you
six
inch
telescope
with
a
six-inch
dog
with,
like
maybe
80
magnification
will
get
you
eighty
power
but
yeah.
If
you
get
a
six
inch
telescope
with
a
twenty
five
or
thirty
millimeter
eyepiece,
you
should
be
able
to
see
cloud
bands
in
Jupiter
now
you're
not
going
to
see
the
tendrils
right.
So
you
know
this
is
like
this
is
a
very
expensive
photograph
from
the
standpoint
of
scientific
instruments.
C
Okay,
final
planet
Mars,
so
Mars
is
magnitude,
0.2
and
Aquarius.
It's
about
25
degrees,
east
of
Jupiter,
so
remember
how
to
make
25
degrees.
That's
the
surf
sign
right.
I
have
never
had
a
luck.
Seeing
Mars
in
San,
Jose
I,
often
end
up
with
very
bubbly,
seeing
I've
looked
through
other
people's
telescopes
and
and
the
views
have
been
sharp
and
occasionally
I.
Get
sharp
views
as
well,
but
Mars
is
Mars,
has
seemingly
less
detail
than
either
Jupiter
or
Saturn.
Although
that's
not
really
true,
it's
it's
just
different.
You
know
different
looking
planet.
C
C
C
Telescope
or
a
tour
yellow
filters
will
work
better
to
be
able
to
pull
out
vision
or
to
be
able
to
pull
out
features
in
a
in
binoculars.
It's
not
much
more
than
a
red
blob,
so
still
worth
a
look
again.
I
think
you
know
every
time
I
get
a
chance
to
look
I,
look
at
all
the
planets
that
I
can.
So
so
that's
Mars!
C
C
M3
is
really
really
easy
to
find
so
you've
got
the
Big
Dipper
up
here
and
you
arc
through
the
handle
of
the
Big
Dipper
to
Arcturus
and
then
hanging
off
the
end
of
the
handle
of
the
Big.
Dipper
is
kind
of
this
ball
called
cor.
Caroli.
That's
in
Cannes
vanity
see
right.
So
this
is
the
Cannes
vanity
see
constellation
space
over
here,
and
this
is
the
two
main
stars:
cor
caroli
alpha
and
data
cor.
Caroli
is
the
heart
of
Charles.
C
It
was
named
after
an
English
king
by
an
English
astronomer
or
by
a
German
astronomer
anyway,
but
cor
caroli
is
a
is
a
really
cool.
Little
double
star,
that's
fairly
easy
to
split
binoculars,
but
in
between
roughly
two-thirds
of
the
way
between
Arcturus
and
cor.
Caroli
is
m3.
Is
this
little
globular
cluster
m3?
So
it's
called
m3m
because
it's
the
third
object
in
the
Messier
catalog,
the
Messier
catalog
is
a
list
of
them
most
of
the
beautiful
objects
in
the
northern
hemisphere.
C
It
was
put
together
by
Charles
Messier,
who
is
a
comet
Turin
in
18th
century
France
and
Messier
would
go
out
and
look
for
comets
right
in
the
middle
of
the
night
and
he'd
see
something
smudgy
and
he'd
write
it
down
on
his
star
charts
and
he
would
get
up
the
next
the
next
day
at
noon.
The
way
with
all
his
other
astronomer
buddies
and
he
would
go
for
coffee
and
he
would
say,
I
found
this
amazing
thing
and
the
astronomers
would
say
well
no
wait
a
minute.
That's
not
you
know.
C
C
They'll
teach
you
the
star,
hop
they'll,
teach
you
to
see,
write
what
what
how
to
understand
what
you're
looking
at-
and
it's
very
much
worth
your
time,
taking
a
look
through
the
Messier
catalog.
So
this
is
the
globular
cluster
itself.
So
globular
cluster
is
a
very,
very
dense
compaction
of
stars.
This
one
in
particular,
is
about
500,000
stars
packed
into
an
area
of
about
a
hundred
light
years.
So
this
is
immensely
dense.
C
An
immensely
dense
collection
of
stars,
it's
also
about
11
billion
years
old,
so
in
many
ways
it
it's
as
old
as
our
galaxy
is
and
and
the
one
of
the
more
popular
modern
theories
of
globular
clusters
is
that
they
are
other
galaxies.
Small
dwarf
galaxies
that
generally
orbit
larger
galaxies
like
our
own,
that
have
been
sucked
in
and
compacted
into
these
very
tight
clusters.
C
C
It's
unlikely
that
there
even
any
habitable
planets
in
a
place
like
this,
but
if
there
were
they
would
be,
they
would
be
unaware
of
what
was
happening
outside
of
the
cluster,
largely
because
they'd
be
worried
about
what's
happening
on
the
inside
of
the
cluster.
So
two
galaxies
I
mentioned
these
earlier
very
cool
galaxies
in
Ursa
Major.
These
are
both
also
Messier
got
galaxies,
m81
and
m82
they're,
also
known,
as
bodes
nebula
they're
ten
degrees
from
Dubey.
C
As
you
can
see
right,
we
know
how
to
make
ten
degrees
because
we
go
out
and
we
make
fists
right.
We
push
it
as
far
out
of
at
the
end
of
our
arm
as
we
can.
That
gets
us
10
degrees.
These
galaxies
are
are
connected
to
each
other.
They
appear
to
be
gravitationally
connected
to
each
other
they're
about
11
to
12,
between
11
and
12
million
light-years
away
and
they're
part
of
our
local
galactic
cluster.
So
the
Ursa
Major
galactic
cluster
is
the
cluster.
C
The
galactic
cluster
that
our
local
group
is
part
of
our
local
group
consists
of
three
galaxies,
including
our
own,
and
these
two
galaxies
are
part
of
that
local
galactic
cluster,
so
our
local
galaxies
are
all
within
about
three
million
light-years
of
each
other
two
and
a
half
million
light-years.
These
guys
are
the
neighbors.
These
are
the
closest
neighbors
after
our
own
galaxy.
C
So
on
the
right
here
we
have
a
long
exposure
photograph
of
these
two
galaxies
and
mating
one
on
the
Left,
which
is
kind
of
this
classic
glandt
grand
design
spiral
right.
You
can
see
the
arms
they're
very
pretty
and
then
on
the
right.
We
have
m82
called
El
Sol
called
a
cigar
nebula.
You
can
see
that
red
those
red
spots
in
there.
That
appears
to
be
some
interaction.
C
So
we
don't
do
we
don't
collect
light?
We
don't
keep
it.
But
if
you
look
here
in
the
middle
of
this
screen,
you'll
see
these
two
smudges,
so
there's
m82
here
and
then
there's
m81
now
these
this
sketch.
So
this
is
a
sketch
and
I
like
to
show
sketches
because
they're
much
similar,
much
more
similar
to
what
people
are
seeing
through
telescopes
or
binoculars,
and
what
this
sketch
what's
cool
about
the
sketch
is.
It
was
done
through
eight
by
fifty-six
binocular.
So
these
are
not
large
binoculars.
Eight
power,
that's
the
magnification
on
the
binoculars!
C
The
thing
to
keep
in
mind
is
that
these
smudges
are
11
million
years
old
and
they
will
you'll
see
them
in
the
eyepiece.
You
may
have
to
move
your
eyes
around
to
be
able
to
spot
them,
but
you'll
see
them
in
the
eyepiece
and
they
are
breathtaking,
partly
because
they're
so
old,
and
partly
because
they're
so
big,
but
they
really.
It
really
is
something.
So
so
it's
a
smudge
on
this,
but
keep
in
mind
that
this
is
a.
This
is
a
fairly
fairly
dramatic
experience.
C
So
one
more
galaxy
m94
is
an
easy-to-find
galaxy
in
cannes
vanity
see
this
galaxy
is
16
million
light
years
away,
so
about
4
million
more
light
years
away
than
the
two
then
bodes
Nebula
than
m81
and
m82.
Obviously,
m94
is
also
a
Messier
object,
but
this
one
is
on
the
boundary
of
it's
on
the
other
side
of
our
of
on
the
on
the
outer
edge
past
the
boundary
of
our
galactic
cluster
in
its
own
cluster.
So
it's
it's
own
little
local
galactic
cluster,
so
you
might
think
of
it
as
being
in
a
separate
state
right.
C
So
if
m81
and
m82
are
in
California
than
m94
is
in
Nevada,
but
that
state
itself
that
galactic
cluster
is
part
of
a
larger
super
cluster
of
galaxies
called
the
Virgo
supercluster.
There's
a
there's,
a
strange
problem
that
astronomers
have
they
will
find.
You
know
they
will
name
a
something,
a
cluster
right
and
then
something
bigger
comes
along.
They
discover
something
a
little
bit
bigger,
so
they
call
it
a
super
cluster
and
then
they
discover
that
they're,
actually,
that
super
cluster
is
part
of
a
larger
super
super
cluster
and
they've
run
out
of
they've.
C
Already
run
out
of
adjectives
because
it's
called
super
cluster
right,
so
it's
very
much
like
it's,
it's
just
it's.
It
requires
a
more
precise
set
of
terms
because
not
you
can't
just
sort
of
say
super
super
cluster
or
super
super
super
cluster
or
mega
cluster,
but
anyways.
The
Virgo
supercluster
is
a
giant
collection
of
galaxies
that
our
local
galactic
cluster
is
also
part
of.
So
m94
is
cool
because
it
has
this
ring
and
ringed
galaxies
are
not
they're,
not
as
common
as
the
other
varieties
of
galaxies.
C
They
appear
to
be
of
a
variety
of
spiral
galaxies,
but
not
every
galaxy
that
we
see
has
rings
there
they're,
not
particularly
common.
So
this
this
ring
is
actually
visible,
even
in
your
backyard
in
San
Jose,
with
a
six
inch
telescope
on
a
cool
night
or
a
good
night,
you'll
be
able
to
see
at
least
a
bit
of
a
ring.
This
is
a
sketch
I've
done
with
an
eight
inch,
Dobsonian
sort
of
with
average
seeing
so
this
is
the
the
kind
of
telescope
that
the
that
the
club
will
lend
you
for
for
free.
C
If
you
remember,
we
have
a
few
other
telescopes
as
well,
but
so
that's
M,
94,
very,
very
pretty
telescope
and
relatively
easy
to
see
the
it
so
I'm.
Just
gonna
mention
how
to
find
it.
So
if
you
find
cor
caroli
right,
that's
the
ball!
That's
hanging
off
the
end
of
the
arm
of
the
Big
Dipper,
then
there's
beta
karoli
as
the
other
star
on
the
other
side
of
the
constellation
and
then
M
94
is
really
just
sort
of
halfway
in
between
there.
C
So
if
you
can
find
cor
caroli
with
your
binoculars
and
you
can
find
beta,
you
may
be
able
to
see
him
94
in
there.
It's
about
magnitude,
eight-and-a-half!
It's
not
super
bright.
You're
gonna
need
a
clear
night
to
see
it.
I
wouldn't
try
it
tonight
because
I
think
the
sky's,
not
particularly
good,
but
it's,
but
it's
a
it's
a
pretty
easy
one
to
find
all
right.
So
what
can
you
do
on
a
cloudy
night
when
you
can't
see
anything
after
dark,
so
you
can
plan
your
next
observing
session.
C
You
can
go
to
Zooniverse,
org
and
out
classify
features
on
Mars
or
galaxies
or
identify
black
holes.
So
Zooniverse
is
a
crowd-sourced
science
site
that,
for
many
years,
is
asked
as
allowed
postdocs
and
various
other
kinds
of
researchers
to
ask
the
public
to
contribute
to
scientific
projects.
One
of
the
easiest
and
one
of
the
first
projects
that
they
did
was
so
we
have.
We
have
billions
of
pictures
of
galaxies
that
nobody's
ever
looked
at
as
far
as
we
can
tell
based
on
the
hundred
years,
or
so
that
we've
been
looking
at
galaxies.
C
C
So,
let's
see,
are
they
seeing
a
kind
of
galaxy
that
that
nobody's
ever
seen
before
and
so
far
I
haven't
heard
anything
it
seems
like
all
the
galaxies
we
see
are
still
one
of
those
five
types,
but
but
that's
the
kind
of
project
that's
available
on
Zooniverse.
It's
a
good
way
to
kind
of
spend
some
relatively
productive
time
in
the
app
in
the
afternoon.
If
you've
got
nothing
to
do
the
third
thing,
so
Glenn
Newell,
who
was
our
guy
in
the
chair,
Glenn
Newell,
has
a
bunch
of
astrophotography
tutorials
on
YouTube.
C
C
Only
and
public
events
are
usually
at
the
clubhouse
or
will
be
online
and
all
public
events
are
listed
on
the
sja
website
and-
and
we
also
use
meetup
for
a
fair
number
of
our
events,
and
that's
probably
how
a
lot
of
you
came
to
us
club
events
are
online,
the
clubhouse
in
various
dark
sky
sites
in
the
South
Bay
and
the
Salinas
Valley
public
events
are
free.
Obviously
all
of
this
stuff
is
up
in
the
air
right
now,
but
we
do.
C
Generally,
we
do
starry
night
star
parties,
Rancho
kenyatta
del
Oro,
sponsored
by
the
Santa
Clara
County
Open
Space
authority.
That's
once
a
month
we
do
solar,
observing
at
houki
Park
and
the
guy
who
does
the
solar
observing
program.
Wolf
is
on
this
call
tonight
too
we're
trying
to
figure
out
how
to
get
solar
observing
into
some
kind
of
online
state.
So
people
can
come
to
a
solar
observing
event
from
the
comfort
of
their
own
home.
We
do
the
introduction
of
the
night
sky
talks
like
the
one
you're
in
right.
C
Now
we
do
more
in-depth
talks
as
well
as
guest
speakers.
We
do
the
in
town
star
party
at
huggy
Park,
which
is
generally
the
same
night
as
our
intro
talks,
so
that's
first
and
last
quarter.
Moons
again,
this
is
one
of
these
things
that
we
want
to
try
to
figure
out
over.
The
course
of
the
next
couple
weeks
is
how
to
run
star
parties
for
the
public,
obviously
without
having
to
have
people
come
down
and
and
stand
less
than
six
feet
apart
from
each
other.
C
We
do
fix-it
sessions
to
help
with
new
or
mysterious
or
broken
equipment,
and
we
do
school
star
parties
throughout
the
school
year
as
well
club
events.
So
membership
includes
a
telescope
loaner
program,
so
we
have
a
variety
of
telescopes
of
various
sizes.
Small
to
large
will
loan
you
the
telescope
for
two
full
new
moons
or
two
months
and
and
there's
no
cost.
C
We
have
a
quick
start,
instructional
program,
which
is
a
more
in-depth
program
than
our
than
our
fix-it
programs.
We
have
a
membership,
so
membership
of
the
club
includes
membership
in
the
imaging
special
interest
group,
which
is
run
by
Glenn
and
Bruce.
We
exclusive
Bay,
Area,
dark
sky
sites
and
star
parties.
C
We
have
a
library,
you
can
borrow
books
from
books
from
and
we
have
discounts
at
Orion
telescopes
in
cupertino
Orion
is
based
in
Watsonville,
we're
very
lucky
to
have
store
in
Cupertino
I,
just
recently
ordered
something
from
Orion
I'm
like
Wednesday
and
got
it
today,
so
they're
still
shipping
stuff.
There
are
more
telescope
stores
in
Canada
than
there
are
in
the
United
States
and
works
so
lucky
to
have
a
store
in
Cupertino,
so
they
make
good
telescopes
I
have
one
of
them.
C
There
they're
worth
your
time
and
they
won't
try
to
sell
you
more
telescope
than
you
need
so
and
memberships
only
$20
a
year.
So
back
in
pre-pandemic
times.
It
wouldn't
be
unusual
for
me
to
spend
$20
a
week
on
coffee,
so
so
$20
a
year
about
as
a
membership.
That's
really
pretty
good
all
right.
Any
questions.