►
Description
Presenters in this call:
Cor Rademaker of UNC Chapel Hill on Towards a North Carolina Smart and Connected Communities Initiative
Iris Tien of the Georgia Institute of Technology on Integrating data across sources to detect disasters and critical infrastructure failure events
For more information on the South Hub Smart and Connected Cities Community, visithttps://southbdhub.hackpad.com/Smart-and-Connected-Cities-Community-Call-xOyfwmNi1w7
A
But
that's
how
it
turned
out
this
time
from
smart
cities
about
from
iris
pence,
who
is
in
our
school
of
civil,
civil
and
environmental
engineering
here
at
georgia,
tech
and
also
from
core
rada
maker,
and
I'm
going
to
have
my
student
here.
Who
is
working
with
me
at
the
south
hub
talk
about
the
speakers.
I
want
to
give
a
brief
overview
about
the
hub
and
to
people
who
maybe
are
more
or
less
familiar
with
it.
A
So
the
south
hub
is
16
states
of
delaware
through
texas,
including
dc,
and
we
focus
on
big
data
partnerships
and
also
bridging
silos
across
big
data
and
data
science
projects.
So
in
different
areas.
Looking
at
infrastructure,
as
well
as
how
different
groups
can
interact
and
do
projects,
we
have
spoke
projects
which
are
funded
at
a
million
dollars.
Each
planning
grant
projects
had
a
hundred
thousand
dollars
each
calls
like
this
communities
and
for
smart
cities
workshops.
There
will
be
plans
for
smart
and
connected
cities
and
campuses.
B
Thanks
renata,
this
is
arjun,
I'm
working
at
the
south
victoria
hub
and
out
of
georgia,
tech,
helping
renata
paul
says
these.
We
have
two
speakers
today.
I
want
to
give
a
brief
introduction
about
their
history
and
a
little
bit
of
what
they
will
be
talking
about.
Today
we
have
with
us
our
irish
tn.
She
joined
the
faculty
in
the
school
of
civil
environmental
engineering
at
georgia,
tech
in
2014
and
after
she
received
her
phd
in
civil
systems
in
engineering
from
the
university
of
berkeley
in
2014.
B
She
also
has
a
unique
interdisciplinary
background
that
encompasses
traditional
topics
of
civil
engineering
data,
analytics
signal
processing
and
all
these
helps
decision
making
under
uncertainty,
and
today
she
will
be
talking
about
integrating
data
across
sources
to
detect
disasters
and
critical
infrastructure
failure.
Events,
that
is
her
topic,
she'll,
be
going
before.
C
Yeah
all
right,
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
get
started,
I'm
going
to
set
a
timer
for
myself,
so
hopefully
I'll
stay
within
time.
So
thanks
everyone
for
joining
the
call,
and
today
I'm
going
to
be
talking
about
some
of
our
work
that
we're
doing
and
integrating
data
across
different
sources
to
detect
infrastructure
failure.
Events
as
renowned
and
arjun
said
I'm
in
the
engineering
side
of
things
again,
so
hopefully
I'll
bring
a
little
bit
of
a
different
perspective,
but
in
using
big
data
for
still
entering
applications.
C
So
a
little
bit
about
the
motivation
behind
some
of
our
work,
so
we're
looking
at
infrastructure
systems
that
provide
critical
services
to
a
community.
So
things
like
water
power,
transportation
networks
and
one
of
the
challenges
in
looking
at
these
infrastructure
systems
is
that
a
lot
of
them
lack
continuous
physical
sensor
monitoring
to
be
able
to
detect
damage
or
failure
events.
So,
whereas
things
like,
maybe
the
transmission
grid,
which
is
shown
here,
maybe
the
grid
is
probably
the
most
advanced
in
terms
of
monitoring.
But
if
we
go
to
things
like
pipelines,.
C
Systems
that
don't
have
maybe
all
the
sensor
monitoring
in
place
that
we
would
want
to
be
able
to
track
performance
over
time
or
how
these
systems
are
reacting
to
different
disaster
events
that
might
happen.
In
addition,
a
lot
of
these
systems
are
very
large
and
they're
very
complex.
They
have
a
lot
of
different
connections
and
they're
spatially
distributed,
and
so
the
overall
idea
is:
what
can
we
do
to
know
more
about
these
systems
in
real
time
to
be
able
to
minimize
the
negative
impacts
of
any
sort
of
failure?
C
Events
that
might
happen
as
well
as
to
accelerate
our
ability
to
recover
from
these
events,
with
the
idea
of
resilience
in
mind
and
bouncing
back
from
different
disasters
and
disruptions,
how
can
kind
of
real-time
knowledge
and
information
about
these
networks
help
us
recover
quicker
from
from
any
downtime?
That
might
happen,
so
the
approach
that
we're
using
is
to
integrate
data
across
different
sources
to
detect
these
disasters
and
infrastructure
failure
events.
C
C
About
in
more
detail,
so
we
did
an
initial
study
to
see
if
this
is
even
possible.
So
to
see
the
objective
is
to
demonstrate
some
ability
to
detect
infrastructure
damage
events
using
social
media
data,
so
we
used
twitter
data.
In
particular,
we
looked
over
one
month
period
to
see
if
this
is
something
that
can
even
be
done.
As
probably
most
of
you
know,
the
social
media
data
has
a.
D
C
So
this
is
the
overall
method
on
the
left,
so
we
start
with
our
social
sensor,
in
which
case
this
is
twitter.
So
we
take
all
the
tweets
over
a
time
period
and
then
we
do
a
three-step
filtering
process
which
is
shown
in
the
second
box
there
and
in
this
filtering
process
we
first
filter
all
the
tweets
using
search
terms.
So
we
include
by
search
term,
and
then
we
have
stop
words
where
we
exclude
the
software
to
filter
out
some
of
the
noise.
E
C
Onto
the
surface
of
the
earth
to
be
able
to
map
specific,
treats
and
specific
locations,
and
then
from
that,
we
are
wanting
to
do
our
event,
detection,
where
we're
looking
at
bridges,
highways
gas
lines
and
power,
and
so
we
assess
all
the
tweaks
in
a
single
cell
to
identify
high
damage
and
failure.
Events
for
these
four
particular
curvatures
customers-
we've
looked
at
so
far,
and
so
in
doing
this
are
an
example
of
some
search
terms
and
stop
words
for
these
four
different
infrastructures
are
listed
here.
C
Refer
to
the
same
event,
which
is
something
that
we're
working
through,
how
do
we
actually
geolocate
these
treats
to
the
level
of
specificity
that
we
want?
So
we
have
the
city
of
johannesburg,
which
is
a
district
called
santan
district,
and
then
it's
on
grace
and
drive.
So
all
of
these
terms
together
actually
refer
to
a
single
event,
but
at
least
we
were
able
to
see
this,
and
people
were
talking
about
on
twitter
to
be
able
to
detect
it.
C
That
I'll
show
is
for
the
power
network,
and
this
is
showing
that
kind
of
a
global,
because
our
social
media
is
global.
Now
that
we're
able
to
detect
these
events
across
across
the
world-
and
so
there
are
particularly
this
is
the
us
and
then
also
puerto
rico,
on
october
23rd,
there's
an
outage
that
we
were
able
to
type
there
and
there
were
these
sort
of
large-scale
events
across
all
of
puerto
rico,
on
the
23rd,
but
also
smaller
scale.
C
Here
are
the
number
of
tweets
that
related
to
each
of
these
four
infrastructures
among
twitter
users
during
that
time
period,
and
then
in
the
second
box
here,
I'm
showing
the
percent
of
tweets
remaining
after
we
filter
out
by
software,
and
so,
as
you
can
see,
there's
actually
a
lot
remaining
and
there's
we've
filtered
out.
Pretty.
C
We've
actually
kept
most
of
the
data,
but
there's
still
some
that
we
filtered
out
that
we
want
to
filter
them
out,
because
we
want
to
minimize
any
sort
of
incorrect
detection
of
damage,
events
or
false
positives.
So,
even
though
there's
kind
of
low
amounts
of
noise,
those
are
still
important
to
filter
out,
and
then
this
last
column
here
for
geolocation.
C
So
here
we
see
that
we
actually
lose
a
lot
of
data
here,
because
we
can't
we
need
the
geolocation
information
to
be
able
to
actually
use
information
from
any
one
of
these
tweets
and
so
for
twitter
data.
For
example,
most
people
turn
off
their
location
services,
for
example,
when
they're
doing
it
and
a
lot
of
locations
that
are
expected
of
users
might
not.
C
So
here
for
the
stream
gage
data
that
we're
looking
at
so
the
first
variable
that's
attractive
streams.
So
here's
an
example
so
sorry
for
the
small
spots
on
the
axis,
but
on
the
x-axis
here
it's
going
to
be
time.
This
is
going
to
be
stream
flow
in
cubic
feet
per
second,
and
so
we're
looking
at
over
time.
C
C
There
are
then
geo-located
tweets
that
relate
to
flooding
from
that
particular
date
that
we've
identified
from
the
stream
gauges
and
so
here,
marking
two
specific
stream
gauges
that
we
looked
at
on
the
previous
slide
and
we
can
zoom
in,
for
example,
on
a
specific
city
and
say
say,
baton,
rouge
and
look
a
little
bit
more
closely
at
where
flooding
has
been
identified
based
on
the
stream
ages.
But
then
also
where
flooding
has
been
mentioned
in
tweets
and
then
ultimately
to
tie
that
to
infrastructure
damage
and.
F
C
Kind
of
ongoing
work
that
we're
showing
now
space,
which
is
where
I'd
be
happy
to
hear
kind
of
feedback
from
you
all
in
terms
of
opportunities
moving
forward.
But
we're
wanting
to
now
go
from
the
disaster
event
so
from
the
flooding
to
then
the
infrastructure
failures,
possibly
looking
at
the
same
ones
that
we've
looked
at
previously,
so
bridges
highways
and
gas
sites
and
possibly
power
as
well,
and
one
of
the
biggest
challenges
that
we're
looking
at
now
is
specific
locations
and
the
types
of
damage
that
have
occurred.
C
And
so
a
lot
of
cases
tweets
might
mention
a
specific
city
and
that
might
be
relevant
for
more
regional
assessments.
So
you
know
that
there's
some
sort
of
infrastructure,
failure
or
flooding
that
happens
in
a
specific
city,
but
really
what's
going
to
be
the
most
useful,
is
to
know
say
what
specific
intersection
has
been
flooded
or
what
specific
gas
line
might
have
a
break
or
water,
maybe
might
have
a
break
and
so
to
move
from
the
community.
C
Then
to
the
specific
intersection
you
really
have
to
kind
of
in
working
with
this
more
have
to
almost
go
down
to
an
individual
scale.
In
terms
of
reporting
or
being
able
to
to
collect
information
about
these
specific
intersections
or
specific
locations,
and
so
that's
something-
that's
kind
of
been
interesting
as
we've
been
doing,
this
work
is
that
we
is
relatively
easy
to
kind
of
get
these
kind
of
high-level
assessments
of
damage.
C
But
if
we
want
to
really
look
at
an
infrastructure
network
and
so
the
components
in
that
network-
and
we
need
a
lot
more
detailed
information
and
so
we're
starting
to
now
work
with
some
communities
in
atlanta
as
well
to
possibly
collect
very
specific
infrastructure
related
data
under
these
sorts
of
disruption.
Events
with.
D
C
And
so
with
that,
I
just
wanted
to
acknowledge.
Work
is
funded
under
an
sf
grant
under
the
crisp
program.
So
that's
the
critical,
resilient
infrastructure
systems
and
processes
program.
Thank
my
research
groups,
I'm
here
in
the
middle,
and
these
are
my
phd
students.
This
work
is
mostly,
I
worked
at
cynthia
lee's.
C
A
C
So
it
was,
it's
actually
from
usgs
actually
has
the
stuph
data
available,
so
that
was
definitely
one
of
the
things
that
we
were
looking
at,
like
what
publicly
available
data
is
there?
So
we've
also
looked
possibly
at
the
nasa
rainfall
data
as
another
source,
but
it's
a
little
bit
harder
to
work
with,
so
the
stream
gage
it
right
now
we're
looking
at
is
fmsgs.
A
D
A
C
D
A
C
Okay,
yeah-
and
I
haven't
looked
at
that
yet,
but
that's
definitely
something
that
we'd
be
interested
in
looking
at
so
yeah.
We'll,
definitely
look
at
that
more
closely.
I
think
with
the
radar
data,
like
the
other
element
that
we've
been
thinking
about,
is
kind
of
a
temporal
element,
so
kind
of
as
these
storms
progress
going
from
rainfall
to
streamgage
to
flooding
in
a
city.
B
D
C
C
And
so
we're
kind
of
building
a
machine
learning
algorithm
now
so,
hopefully
kind
of
once
we
filtered
these
initial
ones
that
it
would
then
learn
which
one
which
types
of
words
are
are
more
likely
to
be
relevant
tweets
and
which
ones
are
are
more
likely
to
be
irrelevant.
But
actually
that's
definitely
like
one
of
the
big
one
of
the
big
challenges
in
like
dealing
with
the
second
state
of
it.
B
C
Right
so
for
for
right
now,
unfortunately,
for
those
the
location
is
not
supporting
enough
for
us
to
be
able
to
geolocate
it,
then
that
tweet
is
actually
we're
not
using
that
one.
So
that's
why
there's
such
a
kind
of
a
big
portion
of
the
information
that's
lost,
but
there
are
definitely
considerations
in
terms
of
you
can,
even
if
you
could
be
tweeting
about
a
historical
event
as
well,
and
how
do
you
separate
those
from
the
current
event
that
we
might
be
interested
in
and
other
considerations
like
that.
B
F
Hi
this
is
beth
zitler
iris.
Thanks
for
the
talk
I
work
in
international
development
for
the
u.s
government
and
we're
constantly
interested
in
learning
more
about
our
infrastructure
investments
both
after
we've
built
them,
which
is
a
little
easier
because
then,
if
we
want
to
invest
in
in
monitoring
equipment,
we
can't
guarantee
it'll
be
maintained,
but
we
can
at
least
put
it
in,
but
we're
also
curious
about
on
the
planning
side.
F
You
know
learning
from
learning
about
infrastructure
that
already
exists
across
a
partner
country,
and
what
I
was
wondering
is
with
your
research:
do
you
think
the
main
value
is
in
understanding
how
to
set
up
the
system
appropriately
to
you
know,
do
the
the
filtering
that
you
did
with
the
social
media,
or
do
you
think
that
that
the
historical
analyses
are
more
valuable?
And
I
was
also
wondering
if
you've
published
your
code
openly
and
if,
if
engaging
with
other
coders
and
and
you
know,
kind
of
public
data,
scientists
is
of
interest
to.
C
C
There's
there's
so
much
of
it
that
we
just
don't
know
like
a
lot
of
usually
20
rounds,
type
things
and
so
being
able
to-
and
it's
just
not
financially
feasible
to
physically
instrument.
All
of
these
individual
components
that
we
might
be
interested
in.
So
I
think
from
existing
infrastructure
point
of
view.
I
think
to
be
able
to
do
this,
real-time
tracking,
where
after
you've
kind
of
built,
maybe
a
database
of
how
these
systems
have
performed
over
time.
C
Then,
hopefully
you
might
be
able
to
predict
to
do
the
prediction
for
an
existing
system
under
different
types
of
scenarios.
So
maybe
you
know
a
storm
is
coming,
then
you
know
these
areas
are
more
likely
to
fail,
so
you
can
prepare
for
that
and
distribute
your
resources
accordingly,
but
then
I
also
think
that
we
can
learn
a
lot
from
from
our
existing
infrastructure
in
planning
the
infrastructure
in
talking
with
a
lot
of
utilities.
C
I
think
for
the
planning,
a
lot
of
it
is
just
pretty
much
based
off
of
demand
and
where
they
need
to
service
their
load,
but
I
do
think
there's
a
place
for
maybe
more
in
my
area.
I'd
call
it
like
reliability,
design
so
to
ensure
higher
levels
of
service
under
all
scenarios,
rather
than
just
to
maybe
service
a
link
at
one
time,
but
actually
looking
over
these
possible
events,
the
historical
analysis
would
potentially
inform
inform
the
planning
process
great.
C
C
B
B
He
teaches
courses
on
smart
cities
and
is
a
project
coordinator
for
the
north
carolina,
smart
and
connected
communities
initiative
for
this
company
star
tech.
Mr
rainmaker
has
closely
incorporated
the
university
of
north
carolina
on
smart
city
programs
for
students
and
professionals,
smart
city
day
at
the
unc
clean
tech
summit,
and
has
worked
with
both
successful
cities
and
rural
small
towns.
G
Well,
I
think
you
mentioned
it
all.
I
stated
it
here.
So,
let's
move
on
smarter
connected
communities.
We
promote
sustainable
social
and
economic
development
across
urban
rural
communities.
What
you
see
in
general
is
that
and
that's
a
worldwide
issue
is
smart.
Cities
are
deepening
at
the
moment.
There's
a
lot
of
attention
for
us.
A
lot
of
investment
in
and
cities
are
thriving.
G
So
when
cities
are
thriving,
they
attract
a
lot
of
you
know.
People
and
you
see,
the
cities
are
really
growing
fast.
Two
of
the
fastest
growing
cities
in
the
us
are
here
in
north
carolina,
rolling
and
charlotte,
but
also
two
of
the
fastest
declining
cities
are
here
in
in
north
carolina,
and
you
know,
that's
the
the
downside
of
smart
cities
is
that
they
attract
a
lot
of
business.
G
G
So
our
idea
was:
how
can
we
if
we
want
to
look
how
we
can
connect
the
developments
in
the
bigger
cities?
How
can
we
connect
that,
with
you
know,
developments
on
on
the
rural
areas,
so
the
rural
areas
will
prosper
also
by
what's
happening
in
the
cities,
and
north
carolina
is
a
very
good
test
area
for
that,
because
it,
the
diversion,
is
very
extreme
and
it's
a
very
interesting
state.
It
has
mountains,
they
have
a
coastal
area
and
and
and
and
the
middle
area
so
also
geographical.
G
G
Can
we
provide
market
improvements,
socio-economic,
environmental
health
by
addressing
a
range
of
concerns
and
using
a
living
life
approach
in
which
research
developed
other
educational
stages,
pilot
deployments
of
prototype
solutions?
So
these
are
mainly
you
know
the
the
driving
points
for
for
our
project.
G
E
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
So
cisco
is
involved.
They
deploy
public
wi-fi
in
the
area.
They
provide
network
access
for
citizens,
but
also
for
tourists,
connect
number
of
smaller
startups.
It's
it's
really
interesting:
environmental,
centers,
centers
company,
smart
parking
company
and
it's
all
in
the
system
and
it's
an
engagement
model
which
is
clever
and
allows
copenhagen
to
evaluate
technologies
and
production
within
the
city.
G
Where
lots
of
companies
are
and
the
companies
are
really
looking
to
test
that
and
they're
done,
cities
are
not
eager
to
step
into
that.
So
living
lab
approach
would
be
a
potential.
If
you
know,
if
you
combine
the
cities
with
with
companies
with
research
facilities
in
universities
and
and
and
involve
the
people
living
in
that
area,
you
could
have
a
nice
test
environment
for
new
and
innovative
ideas
from
companies,
so
it
promotes
copay
as
an
innovation
center.
G
D
G
G
I
just
want
to
go
briefly
into
a
couple
of
things.
Helmut
is
a
city
of
the
size
of
kinsen
in
north
carolina,
a
helmet
was
really
successful
in
using
a
a
highway
nearby
to
put
to
promote
themselves
as
a
smart
mobility
lab
and
smart
mobility
lab
led.
Also
to
you,
know,
companies
establishing
themselves
in
and
around
helmand,
and
they
created
the
automotive
campus.
At
the
moment,
most
of
the
modern
industry
of
of
the
netherlands
is
based
on
that
campus.
G
They
had
a
project
compass
4d,
its
optimization
of
daily
traffic
as
a
it's,
a
lot
of
words
here,
your
ncap,
but
that's
actually
the
the
source
of
the
funding.
The
innovative
crash
test
developed,
so
cars
in
europe
are
now
going
through
that
crash
test.
Instead
of
the
old
we
say,
physical
one,
they
have
an
integrated
test
site
for
a
corporation
of
mobility,
so
joint
mobility,
tno,
which
is
a
kind
of
national
lab,
investigates
ghost
traffic
jams.
G
There's
a
lot
of
text
on
this
one,
I'm
really
sorry
I
want
to
have
the
eu
focus
is
also
on
rural
living
labs
and
one
of
them
is
pinella
in
portugal.
And
what
can
you?
You
know
it's
a
little
bit
similar
to
what
we're
going
to
do
in
in
north
carolina.
It's
promoting
innovation,
research
developments,
new
technologies,
methodologies
and
applications
for
rural
areas
focus
on
rural
areas.
G
A
D
G
G
G
A
G
G
A
A
G
They
would
stimulate
entrepreneurship
and
active.
You
know
active
citizen
participation
and
that
might
help
people
stay
there.
So
you
know
in
general
you
could
see
that
as
a
little
bit.
I
don't
know
if
you,
if
you
heard
about
what
what
happened
with
germany
and
germany
little
villages
lost
also
their
their
young
and
educated.
G
G
G
And
what
people
say
you
know
not
everyone,
but
some
of
them
will
start
their
own
business
and
it's
it's
it.
It
is
a
way
of
stopping
the
social
mobility
that
is
now
you
know
emptying
those,
those
those
those
styles
of
abilities
and
and
turn
it
around
into
new.
You
know
new
future
for
those
places
and
have
have
more
growth.
I've
been
in
kinston
lately
and
that
that
is
not
even
one
of
the
worst
ones.
G
D
A
Some
of
those
campus
initiatives
are
actually
trying
to
do
some
of
these
things
so
getting
together
really
the
the
doers
and
this
living
lab
is
really
a
doing
initiative
of
how
do
you
connect
not
only
the
sensors
but
also
the
infrastructure
of
the
city?
This
one
is
more
focused
on
internet
of
things
like
sensors,
in
putting
them
and
getting
that
type
of
data
to
be
used
by
different
communities.
A
A
G
A
F
I
have
a
quick
question:
this
is
beth
zitler
again,
I'm
curious
what
you've
seen
to
be
the
most
valuable
coalitions
and
partnerships,
especially
in
different
contexts.
You
know,
I'm
thinking
about
you
and
renata
were
just
discussing
how
universities
can
be
an
interesting
kind
of
test
place
for
some
of
these
things,
I'm
wondering
what
other
civic
groups
or
other
members
of
the
public
are
interested
in
using
data
or
we're
coming
up
with.
You
know
new
new
ways
to
understand
how
their
communities
work.
G
F
F
Some
of
them
have
have
a
automatic
driving
combines
for
people
and
they,
you
know
they're
like
people
who
are
members
of
their
board
of
of
governors
of
their
electric
utilities.
So
I
think
there's
a
lot
of
different
neat
things
that
folks
are
doing
that.
That
could
be
informed
by
data
and
they'd
probably
be
pretty
receptive
to
it.
If,
if
the
infrastructure
existed.
G
G
I'm
convinced
that
cities
cannot
thrive
a
long
time
without
the
environment
around
it,
so
there
must
be
somewhere
somehow
a
balance
between
what's
happening
in
the
rural
areas
and
the
cities
what's
happening.
You
know
we
heard
that
the
cities
are
very
attractive
at
the
moment
to
people,
so
they
attract
a
lot
of
a
lot
of
you
know.
G
G
So
food,
for
instance,
water-
and
they
get
more
and
more
dependable,
also
on
the
environment
around
it,
and
I
I
I
believe
that
that
was
happening
now
in
smart
cities
and
smart
cities
is
the
thing
everybody
is
looking
only
at
the
cities
and
a
lot
of
attention
for
it
it.
It
is
not
a
sustainable
development
if
you
don't
have
a
balance
with
the
environment
around
it.
C
Yeah,
I
agree
yeah
thanks
if
I
may
gretchen
thompson
here
at
family
health,
international,
national
and
and
I'd
like
to
ask
a
question
as
an
add-on
to
the
needy-looking
environment
surrounding
urban
areas
in
terms
of
sustainable
development,
and
I
see
one
of
the
topics
here
at
the
close
of
your
presentation.
Are
you
know,
topics
for
rural
living
labs?
C
G
G
D
C
G
C
Thank
you
so
much,
incidentally,
I
I
actually
grew
up
in
a
north
carolina
about
11
miles
north
of
kinston.
So
it's
that's
an
area
that
is
definitely
seen
quite
a
bit
of
urban
decline
over
the
past.
You
know
30
or
40
years,
and
I
think
you
know
they've
been
caught
in
the
midst
of
the
massive
de-industrialization
across
the
us
south
right.
C
A
Oh
yeah,
aggression
also
that's
a
that's
a
great
point:
the
fact
that
the
effects
of
some
of
the
revitalization
aren't
evenly
spread
necessarily
amongst
the
whole
community
and
how
that
actually
works
for
the
city
or
works
for
the
lifting
up
of
the
of
the
entire
city
or
just
certain
pockets
or
communities.
That's
that's
really
an
interesting
point.
F
C
G
C
C
D
C
In
our
community
and
actually
be
able
to
locate
them
and
then
have
that
informed
decisions
at
a
higher
level
in
terms
of
infrastructure,
investment,
and
things
like
that.
So
I
think
that
in
so
for
a
community
like
that
in
embedding
sensors
in
the
pavement
or
something
is
not
something
that
is
really
that
feasible.
D
C
D
A
Get
sensors
like
embedded
into
cities,
so
social
media
is
a
way
to
basically
use
everyone's
smartphone
as
a
sensor
where
people
can
tweet
about
what
they're
doing
without
doing
that
original
investment,
but
expression,
which
are
things
for
rural
areas,
sometimes
that
even
can't
be
used
as
a
receiver,
because
there's
just
these
large
dead
zones.
So
you
may
not
have
any
way
of
getting
information
about
a
certain
area.
D
D
A
C
And
you
know,
north
carolina
is
they're
rolling
out
some
new
programs
where
they're
tying
internet
access
through
these
sort
of
wi-fi
hubs.
So
it
might
even
be
a
good
kind
of
experiment
to
look
at
where
that
comes
in
into
previously
dead
zones
and
what
kind
of
difference
that
can
make
through
perhaps
the
lower
level.
You
know
ability
to
get
data.
D
C
Through
social
media
there's
also
some
technique
that
we've
used,
so
I
currently
work
in
global
health
and
international
development,
where
we
do
it
routinely
across.
You
know
really
low
resource
settings
and
there
are
some
kind
of
routine
data
collection
methods
that
we've
set
up
using
sms
technology.
C
I'm
not
the
person
to
speak
as
an
expert
about
it,
but
what
I
can
say
is
that
in
areas
where
connectivity
and
reception
is
really
very
low,
it
has
been
an
alternate
strategy
for
getting
into
those
areas
and
maybe
something
that
could
translate
into
those.
You
know
very
isolated
areas.
We're
already
talking
about.
C
A
Does
anybody
know
I
mean
this
is
a
curiosity.
I
have
no
idea,
but
if
does
anyone
know
how
you
do
that
I
mean
there's
two
global
development
people
I
mean
fast
and
gretchen
with
places
where
either
people
don't
always
have
a
smartphone
or
unlimited
data
plan.
How
do
you,
how
do
you
even
penetrate
into
those
areas
like
what
is
something
you've
seen
work.
C
So
that's
been
the
primary
way.
We've
gone
about
it
through
my
experience,
but
another
project
that
I'm
not
directly
involved
in,
but
I'm
aware
of
is
run
through
the
world
bank.
It's
called
the
world
bank
listens
and
what
they
actually
did
was
provided
cell
phones
with
solar
chargers
to
nationwide
representative
samples
throughout
malawi
and
other
countries
in
southern
africa,
where
they
then
use
those
cell
phones
that
they
support
and
provide
to
routinely
collect
them.
F
Yeah-
and
this
is
beth-
I
think
that
those
comments
are
all
similar
things.
I
would
say
we
oftentimes
are
working
with.
You
know,
people
whose
job
is
to
provide
data,
and
so
usually
those
folks
you
know,
are
getting
paid
by
us
and
have
invested
in
a
cell
phone
for
their
for
their
use
in
terms
of
the
coverage
that
can
be
an
issue
and
there's
a
number
of
of
technologies
that
have
been
developed.
That
work.
You
know
offline
until
you
can
get
access
to
the
ability
to
upload
your
data.
F
For
example,
we
did
an
open
gender
data,
competition
in
cote
d'ivoire
and
some
of
our
participants
had
a
barrier
of
internet
access,
and
so
one
of
the
things
we
funded-
and
I
think
we
did
it
in
partnership
with
with
a
private
sector
provider,
I'm
not
sure
if
they
donated
the
the
time
on
their
network
or
if
or
if
they
donated
funds.
I
can't
remember
how
they
did
it
exactly,
but
but
a
local
cell
phone
provider
did
did
help
us
out
with
that.
So.
B
Just
to
add,
I
think
this
was
a
similar
issue
that
was
happening
in
africa
and
a
vodafone
introduced
m-pesa
in
kenya,
where
they
were
doing
transactions
all
financial
transactions
using
an
sms
text
and
a
pin
which
created
a
virtual
bank
for
everybody
who
had
a
basic
phone
with
just
tech
services
and
no
data
services
as
well-
and
I
know
that
was
very
successful.
And
now
it's
in
other
parts
of
africa
as
well
as
asia.
F
Yep
and
there's
a
couple
of,
and
I'm
I'm
blanking
on
the
organization
but
I'll,
look
it
up
and
add
it
to
the
hack
pad.
There's
a
couple
of
organizations
who
specifically
focus
on
making
sure
that
folks
voices
are
heard,
who
don't
have
good
internet
connectivity
and
they've
come
up
with
a
whole
suite
of
tools
and
successfully
implemented
them.
F
And
the
other
thing
I
was
going
to
say
is:
which
is
a
bit
too
arjun's
comment:
it's
possible
to
set
up
systems
where
people
can
who
even
don't
have
minutes
on
their
phone
can
call
a
number
and
the
number
will
not
be
answered.
But
then
it
will
call
you
back
immediately
so
that
the
number
they'll
be
back
is
charged
for
the
time
and
not
you
so
there's
lots
of
ways
to
get
around
this.
A
A
To
these
other
communities
stores
we're
mentioning
overseas,
just
putting
them
on
the
hashtag
is
also
a
good
place
so
that
there
are
others
or
if
we
have
a
forum
around
these
these
topics.
We
can
always
come
back
to
them
and
link
link
people
to
these
other
places,
and
it
can
help
with
the
living
lab
idea,
which
is
a
fantastic
idea
in
in
bringing
resources
to
anything
you
guys
may
try
to
implement
as
well.