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From YouTube: 2023 Yom Hashoah Commemoration
Description
Each year in Boston, the Jewish Community Relations Council organizes a commemoration of Yom HaShoah, a day of remembrance for the 6 million Jews who were killed in the Holocaust. In observance, Mayor Wu gathered in Faneuil Hall with members of Boston's Jewish community.
A
A
We
are
also
inspired
today
by
the
presence
of
young
people,
including
our
Holocaust
essay
contest
winners,
who
have
committed
to
be
upstanders
in
the
presence
of
bullying
and
intolerance,
as
we
listen
to
the
words
expressed
here
today.
I
ask
that
we
all
commit
ourselves
to
confronting
the
disturbing
Trends
in
our
world.
A
B
B
C
C
We
will
Renault
how
many
of
those
who
perished
left,
no
one
to
remember
them,
no
one
to
say
kaddish
for
them.
No
one
to
light
a
your
side.
Candle
in
memory
of
them
yamashoa
represents
all
those
unknown
dates
for
all
the
millions
that
were
killed
on
in
many
different
locations
on
many
different
dates.
C
C
C
This
city
will
have
a
place
not
too
far
from
the
New
England
Holocaust
Memorial
site,
where
people
can
learn
about
the
horrific
period
in
history.
You
will
never
know
what
was
lost
from
the
world,
but
we
do
know
that
the
six
million
people
cannot
be
forgotten
or
their
history
altered
to
suit
the
needs
of
others.
We
thank
you
both.
D
D
D
D
C
C
C
C
These
bikis
were
able
to
build
a
new
life
with
children
and
grandchildren
and
now
a
great-grandchild
to
carry
on
their
legacy,
ensuring
that
their
family
history
is
not
lost.
Lester
reached
a
hundred
year
years
old
this
year
and
lived
to
see
three
generations
born
in
Freedom,
it's
not
miles,
but
wherever
you
are
miles,
we
say.
Thank
you.
D
D
C
C
Survivors
that
did
not
speak,
perhaps
feared
scaring
their
own
children,
or
perhaps
it
was
their
way
of
coping
with
life.
After
the
war
foreign,
there
is
no
mechanism
to
measure
the
pain
that
each
Survivor
feels
and
no
medicine
strong
enough
to
erase
the
horrific
memories,
but
fortunately,
when
Michael
was
in
his
80s,
he
decided
it
was
time
to
talk
and
tell
his
history
through
his
writings
and
his
talks
to
groups
and
it
his
help
from
Debbie.
C
C
C
C
C
D
C
C
He
was
a
board
member
and
he
sat
on
the
jcrc
advisory
Council
and
he
hosted
Child
Survivor
meetings
and
he
spoke
at
schools
and
associations
and
was
a
long
time.
Member
of
the
planning
committee
that
puts
together
this
observance
each
year
in
later
years
he
became
an
artist
who
specialized
in
making
Holocaust
related
bronze
sculptures.
C
C
E
D
D
F
C
C
C
For
more
than
75
years,
Aaron
carried
images
and
memories
of
seven
siblings
and
his
parents
who
were
killed,
none
of
us
can
ever
grasp
the
enormous
weight
it
must
have
been
for
Aaron
to
shoulder
this
load
here.
Aaron
was
also
known
by
other
names.
Some
people
called
them.
Mr
Brenner,
along
with
Martha,
they
owned
a
children's
clothing
store,
but
most
important
to
Aaron
were
the
names
his
family
gave
him
dad
and
Sadie.
C
D
D
C
Er
Survivor
her
family
joining
us
virtually
Esther,
so
appreciated
anything
that
anyone
did
for
her.
The
Survivors
Association
started
Distributing
food
around
holidays
in
recent
years.
As
a
result
of
covid
volunteers,
loaded
boxes
and
made
deliveries
each
time
Esther
received
a
package.
She
was
grateful
for
being
remembered.
C
C
Was
given
to
members
of
his
family,
Sally
Cohen
second
generation
Survivor,
her
son,
Harvey's,
great
nephew,
but
really
a
grandson
to
him
in
a
devoted
companion,
Nate,
Cohen,
third
generation
Survivor
Sally
grew
up
with
two
sets
of
parents.
All
survivors,
including
her
uncle
after
the
war
by
like
Michael
groenbaum.
C
Never
talked
about
what
happened
when
he
first
came
to
this
country.
He
wanted
to
talk
about
it,
but
a
cousin
of
his
said
to
him.
We
had
it
tough.
Here
too,
we
couldn't
get
meat
and
Harvey
said
to
himself
that
if
they
compare
not
getting
meat
to
what
he
had
gone
through
in
the
Holocaust,
he
would
never
speak
about
it
again.
C
C
D
C
D
E
D
D
C
Has
suffered
many
losses
this
year,
but
it
is
with
overwhelming
sadness
and
incredible
appreciation
that
we
remember
Margo,
Stern,
Strom,
founder
of
Facing
History
and
ourselves,
the
honor
of
lighting.
This
candle
is
given
to
Judy
Bond,
who
worked
with
Margo
for
many
years
at
Facing
History
and
was
also
a
member
of
the
yomashoa
planning
committee
for
a
very
long
time.
C
Facing
History
LED
by
Margo
sternstrom
provided
schools
with
learning
materials
and
worked
with
many
of
the
survivors
in
our
community,
bringing
them
to
speak
to
the
students
directly
quite
often
driven
there
by
Judy.
Without
Margo
sternstrom's
efforts.
Most
people
would
have
little
or
no
knowledge
about
the
Holocaust.
C
C
C
G
B
B
B
B
A
before
arriving
in
Boston.
She
served
at
the
Federal
Ministry
of
Foreign
Affairs
in
Berlin
as
the
head
of
division
for
pan-african
issues,
southern
Africa
and
the
Great
Lakes.
Prior
to
this,
she
served
as
the
head
of
unit
for
European
migration
policy.
We
welcome
both
of
you
and
thank
you
for
joining
us.
First
you'll
hear
from
Ambassador
Reuben,
followed
by
Dr
crybick.
H
H
On
my
mother's
side,
my
great-grandparents
left
zorus
Russia,
which
today
is
Lithuania
and
moved
to
South
Africa,
and
they
really
were
the
lucky
ones
for
some
unknown
reason.
They
had
the
foresight
to
leave
the
area
a
long
time
before
the
disasters
of
the
second
World
War,
but
not
all
the
branches
of
the
family
left
and
lots
of
them
were
cut
off
totally.
H
H
There
is
a
lovely
story
that
goes
with
this.
That
is
the
fact
that
the
last
Commander
Mark
Edelman,
who
led
the
uprising
and
survived
used
to
receive
every
year,
a
bouquet
of
yellow
daffodils
for
all
the
bostonians
here
who
Walk
The
Gardens
of
Boston
in
Spring,
yellow
daffodils,
are
a
sign
that
spring
is
here
and
changes
in
the
air
and
Edelman
received
this
bouquet
of
daffodils
from
an
anonymous
person
and
every
year
he
took
them
to
the
hero
of
ghetto
Uprising
in
Warsaw
Memorial.
H
Today,
in
the
age
of
modern
technology,
the
idea
is
to
take
a
photo
of
yourselves
with
a
beautiful
yellow
flower,
the
daffodil
in
memory
of
the
Warsaw
Ghetto
uprising
in
the
water
Uprising.
Some
thirteen
thousand
Jews
perished,
but
they
were
few
among
the
millions
who
died.
One
third
of
the
Jewish
race
was
murdered,
equal
practically
to
the
entire
population
of
Massachusetts
today
or
if
we
are
going
to
compare
to
nine
cities
the
size
of
Boston.
H
H
They
are
the
memory
that
needs
to
be
remembered
and
I
would
like
to
say
that
they
were
killed
because
of
whom
they
were,
and
because
of
the
race
that
they
belong
to
the
Jewish
race
and
I.
Think
that
this
is
something
that
we
are
forgetting
in
today's
history.
Lessons
that
racism
is
not
only
against
people
of
color.
It
can
also
be
against
people
of
religions
and
who
are
not
of
color
and
I.
H
I
Honored
members
of
the
Jewish
community
of
greater
Boston
as
a
German
and
as
Germany's
Consul
General
to
New
England,
it's
a
hard
path.
That
brings
me
here
today,
but
at
the
same
time,
I'm
deeply
grateful
to
be
here.
Thank
you
to
the
Jewish
community
relations
Council
for
delivering
me
for
inviting
me
on
this
very
important
day.
I
I
Understanding
and
being
honest
about
our
history
is
the
only
way
we
can
cope.
We
can
hope
to
transform
it
into
an
opportunity
to
learn
from
and
hand
down
the
lessons
we
have
learned.
This
is
the
only
way
that
we
can
make
sure
that
the
Betrayal
of
all
civilized
values-
that
was
the
schwa,
will
never
happen
again.
I
I
I
In
an
AJC
poll
from
last
year,
60
of
the
general
German
population
considers
anti-Semitism
widespread
phenomenon
in
Germany
and
64
say
the
problem
has
increased
over
the
past
10
years.
Advice
us
also
that
anti-semitic
incidents
in
New
England
have
risen
to
historically
high
levels
and
range
from
physical
assault
to
class
room
occurrences.
I
German
Federal
presidentmeier
has
described
anti-Semitism
as
a
seismograph
for
the
state
of
our
democracy,
the
more
openly
the
more
aggressively
it
is
expressed,
the
greater
the
risk
to
our
values.
This
is
the
lesson
we
have
learned
from
our
past
and
it
is
a
warning
and
a
mandate
for
both
the
present
and
the
future.
I
Germany
does
not
forget
where
anti-Semitism
can
lead
to.
It
knows
how
closely
anti-Semitism
is
linked
with
how
the
Holocaust
is
remembered.
Germany
is
therefore
steadfast
in
its
commitment
to
Holocaust
Education
and
Remembrance
in
Germany.
Holocaust
Education
is
mandatory
in
secondary
school
education,
and
it
has
been
an
essential
component
in
our
commitment
to
look
honestly
and
critically
at
the
darkest
chapter
of
our
history.
I
The
Reckoning
with
the
crimes
committed
during
the
Holocaust
thus
continues.
Today
we
are
responsible
for
educating
about
the
causes,
consequences
and
dynamics
of
hate
crimes
to
strengthen
Young's
people,
young
people's
resilience
against
ideologies
of
hatred
on
a
local
level.
The
German
consulate
in
Boston
is
fully
committed
to
continuing
the
work
of
educating
the
Next
Generation
and
ensuring
that
the
memory
of
those
who
died
are
not
forgotten.
I
Local
Holocaust
Survivors,
whom
I
have
had
the
privilege
to
meet,
have
told
me
that
they're
hopeful
about
the
future
when
they
see
how
a
country
like
Germany
has
developed
modern
Germany
is
a
nation
that
is
committed
to
international
law,
to
human
dignity
and
to
peace.
We
stand
on
this
foundation
and
we
must
protect
it.
That
is
part
of
the
responsibility
imposed
on
us
by
our
history.
I
J
Remembrance
of
the
Holocaust
teaches
us,
the
even
the
most
unimaginable
Horrors
cannot
break
the
human
spirit,
and
that
and
our
speaker
today,
Jack
Trumpeter,
is
a
testament
to
that.
He
shares
his
story
so
that
no
one
will
ever
forget
the
evils
of
the
Nazis
I
first
met
Jeff
when
I
joined,
Schechter
Holocaust
services
at
Jewish,
Family
and
Children's
Services
Jack
has
served
on
our
advisory
committee
for
many
years
and
brings
so
much
to
each
meeting.
J
Jack
has
been
a
mentor
a
friend
and
a
man
who
has
a
joke
to
share
whenever
needed
today.
He
will
share
his
pain
from
his
childhood,
but
also
tell
us
how,
despite
these
horrific
Beginnings,
he
remains
such
an
optimist,
warm
humble
kind
and
strong
this
year.
The
theme
of
the
program
is
remember
our
past
meeting
the
moments
and
ensuring
our
future
Holocaust
Survivors
may
be
dwindling,
but
the
message
of
survival
loss
and
resilience
and
hope
will
forever
remain.
J
K
K
Can
you
hear
me
wow
what
a
thing
to
follow?
Thank
you
all
for
being
here.
My
name
is
Isaac
Jack
Trumpeter
I'm,
a
youthful
Holocaust
Survivor
I'm,
since
August
I'm
80.
First
time
I
was
born
in
Amsterdam
Holland
when
I
was
born,
Holland
had
already
been
occupied
for
a
little
over
two
years
by
the
Germans,
the
Nazis
The
Crazies,
one
of
the
first
things
they
did
when
they
entered
Holland.
They
began
the
process
of
separating
out
the
Jewish
Community
from
the
rest
of
Holland.
K
My
father
had
The
Misfortune
of
Being
out
on
the
street.
When
there
was
a
raid,
it
was
called
a
Razia
I,
don't
know
the
origin
of
that
world
word.
Amsterdam
is
a
city
of
something
like
600
Islands,
surrounded
by
Bridges,
and
some
bridges
would
go
up
and
come
down.
The
Germans
would
enter
the
Jewish,
neighborhood
bring
the
bridges
up,
no
one
could
flee,
and
my
father
and
a
few
hundred
other
Jewish
men
were
arrested.
They
were
taken
to
a
local
high
school
gymnasium.
K
They
were
told
to
lay
on
their
bellies
and
periodically
beaten,
On,
The,
Backs
and
the
back
of
their
legs,
and
this
is
something
that
has
affected
my
father
throughout
his
whole
life.
Even
after
the
war,
he
was
there
for
a
week
comes
the
day
for
me
to
be
born.
There's
a
curfew:
there
are
two
curfews:
there
are
curfews
for
the
Gentile
Community,
there's
a
curfew
for
the
Jewish
Community.
K
This,
of
course,
is
problematic
because
when
it
was
safe
and
time
for
the
Jewish
Community
to
go
out
and
do
the
marketing
there
was
almost
nothing
left
as
well.
You
didn't
get
your
food
with
money.
You
had
to
have
coupons
and
you
were
allowed
so
much
per
week
and
there
was
never
enough
food
as
it
was
because
the
Germans
would
loot
everything
and
send
it
back
to
Germany,
so
the
German
people
would
not
feel
they
were
paying
a
price
for
having
a
war
for
invading
other
countries
I'm.
K
It's
time
for
me
to
come
into
the
world.
There's
a
curfew.
My
mother's
father,
flock
of
blessed
memory,
decides
hell
with
the
curfew
I'm
going
with
my
daughter
to
help
her.
They
go
to
the
local
hospital
as
they
go
in
the
hospital.
They
observe
that
German
troops
are
going
throughout
the
wards
dragging
people
out.
They
had
not
hit
the
Maternity
Ward.
Yet
I
am
born
between
two
and
four.
In
the
morning.
My
grandfather
and
my
mother
wait
till
the
curfew
is
over.
K
They
come
home
and
imagine,
there's
my
mother
a
30
year
a
31
year
old
woman
with
her
first
child.
You
know
the
magic,
the
power,
the
mystery
and
the
fear
of
being
that
24
hour
parent
and
a
on
with
all
of
that,
there
is
being
a
Jewish
woman,
not
knowing
what's
going
to
happen
tonight
tomorrow
morning
next
day
you
could
not
plan
anything.
The
world
had
turned
upside
down
cause
and
effect
no
longer
meant
anything.
K
If
you
can
all
imagine
the
worst
people
you've
had
The
Misfortune
of
meaning
in
your
life,
they
became
the
power
on
top,
if
you're
a
Jewish
person
walking
in
the
street,
with
your
coat
and
your
Jewish
star,
and
somebody
wanted
to
come
up
and
hit
you
upside
the
head
and
do
whatever
you
could
do,
nothing
you
had
no
law
to
refer
to.
There
was
no
one
to
protect
you
at
all,
so
there's
my
mother
with
a
new
wrestling,
wonderful,
wonderful
terrified,
and
where
is
the
old
man?
Where
is
my
father
he's
under
arrest?
K
My
mother
doesn't
know
this
has
happened
after
a
week,
my
father
and
all
these
other
Jewish
men
in
the
high
school
gymnasium
are
told
to
stand
up
in
rows.
They
had
a
German
doctor
and
a
Dutch
doctor
walk
in
front
of
every
man
asking
them
Cronkite.
Do
you
have
an
illness?
The
Germans
were
deathly
afraid
of
contagious
disease,
and
this
is
the
scientific
way
in
which
they
dealt
with
it.
K
They
also
were
smart
enough
to
know
that
if
they
yelled
when
they
spoke
to
you,
if
they
had
imminent
violence
in
their
manner
in
the
voice,
you
would
be
terrified.
You
would
be
off
your
game.
You
would
know
not
not
know
what
to
do.
There's
a
Dutch
doctor,
a
German
doctor
in
front
of
my
father,
the
question
is:
do
you
have
an
illness
and
someone
is
yelling
hurry
up
hurry
up?
K
He
gets
to
his
a
telephone
calls
up
his
place
of
business,
the
restaurant.
They
come
with
a
bicycle
with
a
big
delivery
box.
They
plop
him
in
the
Box.
They
take
him
to
the
restaurant.
He
later
that
day
comes
home
and
sees
me
for
the
first
time,
and
my
mother
sees
them
after
a
week,
and
he,
like
my
mother,
is
thrilled
and
delighted
the
princeling
has
arrived,
but
he
also
knows
he
was
so
abused
and
treated
so
badly
only
because
he
was
a
Jewish
man.
He
didn't
commit
a
crime,
he
didn't
do
anything.
K
The
Jewish
people
in
Holland
were
relatively
well
assimilated
and,
like
other
people,
believe
you
work
hard.
You
obey
the
law,
you
don't
cross
against
the
light.
You
pay
your
taxes.
Everything
will
be
okay,
none
of
that
made
a
difference
anymore.
My
father
understood
that,
because
how
he
was
treated
in
the
high
school
gymnasium,
he
gets
it
into
his
head.
What
am
I
going
to
do?
He
thinks
he's
going
to
go
into
hiding
in
Holland
the
Dutch
word
for
people
who
go
into
hiding
was
submarine
under
darker
now.
K
Imagine
today,
for
example,
if
all
of
a
sudden
in
this
country
we
had,
for
example,
an
orange-haired
demon
become
president
and
all
of
you
are
in
the
wrong
cradle.
What
do
you
do?
You
might
think?
Oh
I'll
go
into
hiding
I'll
go
Mexico,
Canada
Brooklyn,
the
Caribbean.
Where
do
you
go?
How
do
you
do
it?
My
people
were
ordinary
Working,
Class
People.
They
didn't
have
70
years
of
watching
television,
detective
stories
figuring
this
stuff
out.
They
had
to
like
a
lot
of
Jewish
people.
K
All
the
Jewish
people
had
to
dance
as
fast
as
they
could.
If
you
know
what
I
mean
so
they
decided
we're
going
to
go
into
hiding.
My
parents
were
active
in
the
Social
Democratic
labor
movement.
They
knew
people
who
knew
people
who
knew
people
who
knew
people
who
were
involved
in
the
resistance.
There
were
many
forms
of
resistance
in
Holland.
One
of
them
was
high
school
students
and
college
students
providing
hiding
places
for
Jewish
families,
particularly
for
Jewish
children.
K
They
had
caveat,
though
that
said,
whole
families
could
not
go
into
hiding,
because
if
you
were
busted,
everyone
would
perish
if
the
family
was
separated
at
least
there's
a
chance.
Somebody
might
survive
there.
You
are
my
mother
and
father
with
your
your
baby,
and
now
it's
about
three
and
a
half
I'm
three
and
a
half
months
old
and
the
decision
to
organize
and
do
the
hiding
is
going
to
start
to
happen
and
there
you
are
with
your
new
baby
and
you're.
K
My
mother
and
you're
being
told
yeah
give
up
the
kid
there
might
be
a
chance,
we'll
survive.
Imagine
being
that
mother,
there's
no
good
decision
lucky
for
me
lucky
for
her,
her
older
brother
Margaret's
of
lesson
memory
and
my
father,
a
blessed
memory.
We're
able
to
convince
my
mother,
listen
take
the
chance,
maybe
the
kid
Will
Survive.
Those
are
the
kind
of
odds
and
those
are
the
kind
of
conversations
that
move
people
to
act.
K
I'm
sent
to
my
aunt
Alita
tonta
Ali.
She
is
Gentile
I
stay
with
her.
My
parents
begin
the
process
of
going
into
hiding
late
at
night.
They
take
the
Star
of
David
off
their
coats.
My
mother
was
a
seamstress,
so
she
knew
enough
to
know
you
got
to
take
the
stitching
out
as
well.
So
it
doesn't
look
like
I'd
been
a
Jewish
star
there,
late
at
night,
I
go
to
the
Central
Station
in
Amsterdam,
and
my
mother
talked
about.
K
She
was
so
angry
because
she
was
made
to
feel
like
a
criminal
skulking
late
at
night
to
the
train
station
to
get
on
the
train.
They
see
Dutch
people
having
a
smoke,
drinking
coffee,
German
soldiers,
same
thing,
yacking,
Ordinary,
People
for
the
Gentile
community
in
Holland.
Many
of
the
people
were
bystanders
during
the
war.
Only
a
few
were
upstanders,
and
then
there
was
the
rest
of
us
and
other
resistors.
Their
first
night
is
spent
in
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
and
then
they're
told
go
south
to
tillberg
and
they'll.
K
Look
for
a
tall
man
with
a
bicycle
with
a
flat
tire.
The
reason
for
that
is,
they
had
to
follow
him
and
not
look
like
they
were
following
him
and
if
he's
biking
doesn't
look
good,
they
follow
him.
His
name
is
Young
van
damberg
of
blessed
memory
he's
all
of
25
years
old.
He
was
a
Baker's
assistant,
a
very
conservative
upstanding
Catholic
man,
who
was
very
angry.
K
That
Germany
had
invaded
his
country
and
his
Queen
had
to
leave
and
go
to
England,
and
he
wanted
to
do
something,
but
he
didn't
know
what
he
eventually
gets
involved
in
this
the
moment
comes.
My
parents
follow
him
to
his
house.
The
door
opens
there's
Corey
Vandenberg
of
blessed
memory.
She
is
all
of
22
years
old,
and
my
mother
told
me
many
years
later
what
she
felt
was.
Oh
you,
poor
young
people.
What
have
you
taken
upon
yourself
now?
K
K
So
they're
my
parents
in
Korean
getting
to
understand
each
other
getting
to
know
each
other,
none
of
them,
no
one
having
any
idea
of
how
long
people
will
be
in
hiding,
maybe
a
few
weeks
outside
a
month
or
two,
no
one
thought
about
a
few
years
my
parents
were
in
hiding
for
two
and
a
half
years.
I
was
in
hiding
for
almost
three
years
so
they're
my
parents
now
it's
time
for
me
to
begin.
K
My
journey
I
end
up
in
a
Quaker
orphanage
and
there
for
a
short
time
and
what
do
I
know
I'm
through
between
three
and
a
half
and
four
months
old.
All
the
information
from
the
world
that
comes
into
me
is
absorbed
by
my
body,
my
little
mushy
baby
brain.
What
do
I
know,
I
can
poop
and
I
can
eat
and
I
can
sleep.
Life
is
good
karanyan
and
my
parents
are
getting
to
know
each
other
and
of
course
my
mother
is
continually
fretting,
Jackie
Jackie.
Where
is
he?
How
is
he?
Where
is
he?
K
Is
he
alive
and
she's
driving
everyone?
Nuts
Cora
takes
it
upon
herself
to
go,
find
where
I
am
she's,
given
some
information
that
she
can
go
to
my
aunt
Ali
in
Amsterdam,
so
she's
credible
she
goes
to
where
I
am.
She
observes
that
the
orphanage
is
right
across
the
street
from
German
Barracks,
the
British
had
already
started
bombing
the
countryside.
This
is
42
and
Cora
I,
don't
know
how
she
manages
to
do
it.
She
takes
me
out
of
the
orphanage
she
spends
the
night
in
the
woods
with
me.
K
There's
no
traffic
and
there
are
curfews
the
next
morning.
She
gets
on
a
train
and
she's
22
years
old,
and
she
too
is
trying
to
act
as
if
she's
someone
else
she's
the
mother
of
this
hairy.
Little
thing
this
baby
and
she
sits
with
me
in
the
train
and
at
some
point
industrial
and
leans
over
goes
oh,
what
a
cute
little
baby,
it's
not
a
Jewish
baby
and
Cora
goes.
How
dare
you,
woman
shuts
up
Cora
and
I
travel
to
Amsterdam
Cora
smart?
She
manages
to
take
a
photo
of
me.
K
She
brings
me
back
to
my
Tonto
Ali
Cora
goes
back
to
tilbert
when
my
mother
is
here's.
The
princeling
he's
alive.
He's:
okay,
hooray,
hooray!
My
mother
carries
his
photograph
with
me
throughout
the
war,
prays
to
it
every
day,
every
day
throughout
the
war,
and
she
has
a
lock
of
my
hair
as
well
and
many
years
later,
in
the
1960s.
When
I
was
a
young
man
and
it
was
the
law
that
you
had
to
have
long
hair,
you
had
to
have
a
hoop
earring.
K
K
So
after
a
while
I
cut
my
hair
I
put
in
a
brown
paper
bag
and
I
mailed
it
to
my
mother,
not
knowing
the
hair
story,
she
gets
the
bag.
She
opens
it
up
and
all
of
it
washes
all
over
her
again
and
she
calls
me
and
gives
me
a
piece
of
her
mind
and
that's
one
of
the
ways
I.
As
a
Child
Survivor
learned
some
of
the
details
of
what
happened
with
me.
K
What
happened
with
my
parents,
I'm
eventually
sent
to
a
town
called
Hino
h-e-I-n-o,
which
is
about
15
kilometers
from
the
German
Border
in
the
center
of
Holland.
The
groups
that
provided
hiding
places
understood
that
the
south
of
Holland
was
mostly
Catholic.
The
north.
The
north
of
Holland,
was
mostly
Protestant.
This
was
important
because,
since
Spain
occupied
Southern
Holland
the
people
there
were
a
little
bit
darker.
K
These
were
very
religious
Catholic
people,
they
were
farmers,
they
were
very
poor
and
out
of
their
religious
belief,
took
me
in
because
I
was
a
member
of
the
people
of
the
book,
so
they
took
the
same
risk
as
Corey
Nyan
took
and
they
hit
me
and
became
my
parents
for
this
period
from
four
months.
Through
almost
three
years,
it
was
a
farm
Ira.
There
were
the
sights
The
Sounds
the
smells.
K
It
was
comfortable
for
me.
They
touched
me
sweetly.
They
fed
me,
even
though
food
was
always
a
problem,
and
I
grew
up
thinking.
These
were
my
parents
not
yet
having
a
conscious
understanding
of
the
contradictions
and
the
context
and
I
live
with
them,
and
my
parents
in
corinon
are
together
in
hiding
and
at
some
point,
there's
no
more
contact.
My
parents
have
no
idea
where
I
am
whether
I'm
alive
and
I.
Don't
know
that
my
parents
are
other
people.
K
Karen
Young
had
a
radio
which
was
illegal
to
have.
They
would
listen
to
the
British
Broadcasting
Corporation
and
in
January
1943
they
heard
the
German
announcement
of
the
Strategic
Retreat
from
Stalingrad.
Now
the
they
were
smart
enough
to
know.
This
was
the
German
way
of
saying
we
got
beat
we're
screwed
and
understood
that
this
moment
in
the
history
of
the
world
was
the
turning
point
and
to
understand
that
meant.
You
had
a
great
deal
of
Courage.
It
gave
people
courage.
They
can
continue
some
more
with
what
they
were
doing.
They
listened
to
the
BBC.
K
They
were
able
to
teach
each
other
a
little
bit
of
English
the
music
came
along.
They
would
dance,
they
would
make
the
best
of
what
they
could.
My
mother
was
a
seamstress.
She
taught
Cora
how
to
sew
this
helped
because,
let's
say
September
your
kids
go
to
school.
You
want
some
new
clothing
for
them.
There
was
nothing
you
couldn't
buy
a
bolt
of
cloth.
There
was
no
new
clothing
people
repaired.
All
their
clothing
and
clothing
was
exchanged
for
food.
Now,
Jan
van
dumberg
had
bell
bottom
pants.
K
He
would
tie
bags
around
his
legs
bike
to
the
countryside,
exchange
repair
clothing
for
food.
So,
throughout
the
War
years
my
parents
in
Korean
always
had
plenty
of
food.
This
is
important
because
after
the
war
when
I
was
reunited,
I
was
a
poster
boy
for
starvation,
and
my
mother
felt
very
guilty
for
her
whole
life.
She
felt
guilty
because
I
was
skinny
and
she
was
not,
and
my
parents
had
enough
food
throughout
the
Warriors
Jan
also
raised
rabbits,
so
they
had
that
and
they're
living
their
life
there.
On
living.
K
My
life
here
in
1944,
the
southern
part
of
Holland,
is
liberated.
My
parents
are
liberated.
What
to
do.
They
have
no
idea
anymore,
whether
I'm
alive.
They
know
their
parents
were
murdered,
they
know
had
more
than
half
of
their
siblings
were
murdered
and
there
they
are.
My
father
gets
it
in
his
head,
she's
going
he's
going
to
get
himself
a
handgun
go
to
Germany
and
wreck
Revenge
lucky
my
mother
was
smarter
than
he
was.
She
said.
No,
no,
don't
do
that
stupid
thing.
K
He
gets
a
job
with
the
British
army
as
a
cook
works
as
a
cook.
The
war
is
over
May
5th.
The
war
is
over
Hallelujah.
The
Dutch
people
are
rejoicing.
It's
wonderful
for
those
Jewish
survivors,
it's
a
very
different
moment.
You
confront
your
loss.
You
confront
extraordinary
alienation,
you
don't
know
where
you
are,
you
know
and
you're
in
mourning.
You
know
you've
lost
so
much.
My
father
decides
he's
going
to
find
out
who's
still
alive.
Holland
is
a
small
country.
K
If
you
had
your
car
going
65
kilometers
an
hour
and
you
started
at
the
German
border
and
go
directly
west
you'd
be
the
English
Channel
within
an
hour
and
a
half,
it's
really
a
small
country.
My
father
decides
he's
going
to
go
up
and
down
Holland
on
foot
finding
out
who's
alive.
He
goes
to
come
and
dance
office
to
priests
pastors.
K
He
goes
to
the
Central
Station
because
in
the
Central
Station
the
Red
Cross
would
post
lists
of
people
who
were
survivors
of
the
camps
and
every
day,
and
not
only
in
Holland
throughout
liberated
Europe
people
would
go
to
the
train
station,
look
for
their
family
member
names
and
more
often
they're.
Not
of
course
they
didn't
find
their
family
members.
K
So
you
see
a
tragedy
in
the
making
every
day
in
the
train
station
he
finally
gets
to
the
town,
that's
near
where
I
was
knocks
on
the
door
of
the
city
hall
says:
listen:
are
there
any
stories
of
Jewish
children
being
in
hiding
in
the
neighborhood?
They
say
yes
over
there
there's
a
farm
and
there
were
some
Jewish
kids
in
hiding.
K
He
gets
to
the
farm
at
the
end
of
the
day,
bangs
down
the
door,
hello,
my
neighbors
I'm,
looking
for
and
they
say,
yeah
go
in
the
barn
stay
there
tonight
in
the
morning
come
in
the
house.
Morning
comes,
he
comes
in
the
house.
He
sees
me
for
the
first
time
after
three
and
a
half
months.
He
told
me
he
recognized
me
I,
take
his
word
for
it.
K
K
We
are
speaking
two
different
languages.
I,
don't
know
who
this
guy
is
he's
nice
to
me.
Touches
me.
Sweetly
speaks
to
me.
Sweetly
he's
smart
enough
to
know.
He
cannot
take
me
right
then,
to
take
me
back
to
tillbrook.
He
leaves
them
leaves.
Me
goes
to
tilbert
tells
my
mother
I
found
the
princeling.
Life
is
good,
hooray,
hooray
a
week,
or
so
later
they
come
back
to
haino.
To
take
me,
but
of
course
the
dichot
family
don't
want
to
give
me
up.
K
Why
should
they
and
who
are
these
two
strangers,
these
vibrating
strangers,
who
say
they're
the
kids
parents
it
took
a
while
for
my
parents
to
convince
the
family,
the
relatives
of
the
Dakota
family,
to
give
me
back,
I
was
lucky.
I
was
a
lucky
Child
Survivor,
my
people.
My
parents
were
not
broken
people,
they
were
happy
to
be
alive
and
they
had
me
back
and
I
had
cousins
whose
parents
survived
concentration
camps
and
those
cousins
would
have
been
better
off
with
their
Foster
families
and
I
know.
K
To
say
this
to
some
people
sounds
like
a
heresy,
but
back
then
imagine
there.
You
are
a
family
you're,
a
Survivor
who
knows
how
you
survived.
There
are
their
children,
there's
no
body
of
concern.
When
I
mean
body
institution
there
are
no
social
workers.
There
are
no
experts
to
talk
about.
How
do
you
solve
this
problem?
It's
never
happened
before
people
again
had
to
dance
as
fast
as
they
could.
They
did
the
best
they
could.
The
government
went
to
the
resistance
groups
and
said
this
is
a
situation.
What
do
we
do?
K
The
resistance
groups,
of
course,
were
invested,
give
the
children
back.
Sometimes
it
was
not
the
right
answer.
I
was
lucky.
I
was
with
my
parents
who
were
happy
to
have
me
and
did
the
work
that
was
necessary
to
bond
with
me.
They
stayed
in
touch
with
the
Dakota
family,
but
at
some
point
the
Dakota
family
wanted
me
to
be
baptized.
Now
we
know,
Jews
are
not
big
on
baptism.
They
wanted
me
to
be
baptized
because
they
thought
that
if
the
showa
should
happen
again
at
least
I
would
be
safe.
K
We
all
know
what
happened
to
the
Jews,
who
back?
Who
converted
who
were
baptized.
My
parents
took
this
as
the
opportunity
to
cut
relations
with
them
and
it's
too
bad,
because
it
would
have
been
important
for
me
and
them
to
stay
in
touch
with
the
Dakota
family,
but
I
understand
my
parents
wanted
to
have
me
alter
themselves
to
bond
with
me
and
build
the
life
of
me,
and
we
did
that
and
I
heard
nothing
more
from
the
Dakota
family,
so
we're
living
in
Amsterdam
right
after
the
war.
K
K
We
had
a
great
time.
We
come
to
Hoboken
New
Jersey,
which
was
the
port
city
of
the
Holland
America
line
and
there's
my
aunt
matantaros.
She
calls
me
over
Jackie,
go
to
that
man
over
there
and
say
blah
blah
blah
I
didn't
know
from
English
I
go
there.
I
say
blah
blah
blah
and
the
police
officer
welcomes
me
to
America.
K
We
moved
to
Far
Rockaway,
where
a
few
months
we're
sleeping
in
an
attic
on
cots
and
then
we
get
our
own
apartments
and
live
in
Far
Rockaway,
and
we
had
relatives
here
who
were
helpful
but
did
not
want
to
hear
a
thing
about
it.
Their
advice
was,
it
was
a
terrible
nightmare,
work
hard.
Everything
will
be
okay,
and
that
was
the
message
explicit
and
implicit,
and
my
parents,
like
most
of
us,
said
okay,
so
my
father
did
not
end
up
in
the
golden
restaurant.
K
He
worked
in
the
Garment
District,
my
mother
worked
in
the
Garment
District
and
we
moved
to
a
project
called
Beach
Haven,
which
was
a
trump
family
project.
We
lived
there
until
it
came
time
for
my
brother
and
I
to
have
our
own
place.
We
turned
21
and
we
had
our
own
place
and
my
mother
was
very
upset
because
the
European
tradition
is
the
boys
and
the
girls
would
stay
home
until
they
got
married.
We
wanted
our
own
place
and
my
mother
said:
oh
it's
because
of
the
girls
is
it
who
said
no
Mom?
K
No,
she
was
right
and
my
brother
and
I
have
an
apartment
in
Brooklyn
Heights,
but
on
the
weekend
we
come
home
because
my
mother
still
made
better
cheeseburgers
than
we
did
and
we
were
the
kind
of
Survivor
family
than
after.
The
dinner
would
always
talk
about
what
happened
because
Andy
and
I
had
questions
because
much
earlier
on,
when
we
were
about
nine
to
ten
years
old,
my
parents
sit
us
down
and
say
Andy
Jackie
guess
what
you're,
not
brothers,
You're
cousins,
Andy
your
mother
Marie,
was
your
father
Jackie
your
father's
sister.
K
So
we
learn
all
of
this
Andy
and
I
and
I.
Remember
that
night
going
to
bed
and
weeping
and
crying
and
my
heart
was
hurting
thinking.
Oh
poor
Andy
lost
his
mommy
and
daddy.
It
took
me
about
five
and
a
half
decades
to
understand.
I
was
crying
for
myself,
I
even
feel
the
lump
now
and
as
a
Child
Survivor
and
a
Survivor.
This
trauma
takes
an
incredibly
long
time
to
confront
and
deal
with
it.
K
I
was
lucky
because
in
1990
there
were
five
women
survivors
who
were
also
hitting
children
who
organized
a
conference
in
New
York
City.
For
this
community
they
expected
about
300
people,
1600
people
showed
up
and
we
have
been
meeting
since
then
before
the
Trump
Arona
virus.
We
would
meet
once
a
month
and
then
we
did
cut
the
zoom
and
we
meet
every
Sunday
morning
except
today,
and
we
talk
about
what
it's
like
being
elderberries.
When
we
were
younger,
we
would
talk
about
our
stories
and
share
them
and
help
each
other
out.
K
K
I
started
speaking
some
years
ago
at
Northeastern,
and
somebody
asked
me
why
I
speak
and
I.
The
answer
is
that
I
think
the
story
of
the
Holocaust
is
so
absolutely
horrible
horrible.
It
says
something
horrible
about
a
European
civilization.
It
says
something
horrible
about
human
beings,
and
then
there
are
the
exceptions
and
I
feel
that
when
I'm
one
of
the
younger
survivors
when
I
am
gone,
the
story
will
then
be
told
by
Scholars,
and
it
will
be
no
more
survivors
and
the
yearning
to
turn
this
into
a
sweeter.
B
B
B
L
L
L
L
M
Thank
you
so
much
Jeremy.
Thank
you
for
your
leadership.
Thank
you
for
your
friendship
over
many
years
and
thank
you
to
all
who
have
come
together
today
in
order
for
Boston
to
Mark
in
this
very
solemn,
Sacred
Space
in
our
city,
the
importance
of
remembering
I'm
grateful
to
the
Jewish
community
relations
Council
and
the
entire
Greater
Boston
Jewish
community
for
ensuring
that
we
continue
to
have
this
day
of
reflection
and
Remembrance
in
the
very
seat
of
our
American
democracy.
M
M
Thank
you
for
ensuring
that
we
feel
a
deep
connection
to
the
sense
of
how
many
hands
got
involved
for
a
beautiful
baby
boy
to
be
a
blessing
here
with
us
today,
of
how
many
hearts
showed,
with
the
deepest
faith
and
the
deepest
belief
and
our
shared
Connection
in
finding
our
Humanity
in
each
other.
That
made
it
possible.
You
are
a
blessing
for
all
of
us
and
we're
so
grateful
that
you
continue
to
share
your
story.
M
And
to
the
community
organizations,
members
of
our
Diplomatic
Corps,
my
colleagues
in
city
government
and
at
every
level
and
residents
who
are
here
today.
Thank
you
again
for
joining
us
and
remembering
what
we
fought
to
end
and
reaffirming
our
Collective
commitment
to
continue
fighting
each
day
to
prevent
from
ever
happening
again
and
to
stand
up
as
upstanders
in
the
world
that
we
live
in
today.
M
That
is
the
mission
of
events
like
this
one
and
spaces
like
this
one.
It's
why
local
survivors,
as
you
heard,
created
Boston's
Holocaust
Memorial
as
a
reminder
of
the
capacity
that
we
have
to
do
enormous
harm
or
enormous
good,
and
to
encourage
us
to
choose
to
do
good
to
honor
our
responsibility,
to
stand
up
for
and
look
out
for
and
care
for
one
another
and
for
future
Generations.
M
M
O
O
We
will
tell
you
more
about
Japan
strangle
and
about
our
class
in
a
moment.
In
so
many
ways
the
two
quotes
on
the
screen
embody.
What
we
have
learned
in
our
class
this
year,
they're
also
the
two
lead
quotes
of
Gita
serrani's
book
into
that
Darkness,
the
culmination
of
almost
80
hours
of
interviews
she
did
with
fraunstein.
N
Cronstrongo
was
born
in
Austria
in
1908
he
was
an
ordinary
man
with
no
Tendencies
to
hatred
or
violence.
He
even
spoke
of
hating
uniforms
before
joining
the
Austrian
federal
police
in
1930,
when
the
Nazis
took
over
in
Austria
in
1938.
They
also
took
over
the
Austrian
police.
Strangle
was
now
working
for
the
Nazis.
His
first
major
assignment
would
come
in
1940.
O
O
N
April
1942
SS,
General,
adila
globachnik
ordered
strong
gold
to
Eastern
Poland
to
oversee
the
construction,
and
the
running
of
a
new
camp
called
sobivore
said
he
knew
nothing
of
the
purpose
of
the
camp.
Upon
his
arrival
within
weeks,
he
and
another
fellow
T4
worker
discovered
a
building
that
looked
almost
identical
to
the
gas
Chambers
at
hard
time.
In
three
months,
stronger
was
commandant.
In
a
three
months,
Tango
was
commandant
or
Commander
at
sobibor
nearly
90
000
Jews
were
murdered.
He
was
then
transferred
to
treblanca.
O
Actor
blinka
shtongle
oversaw
the
deadliest
of
all
Nazi
killing
centers,
second,
only
to
Auschwitz
Jews
from
ghettos,
all
over
Europe,
but
primarily
nearby
major
cities
like
Warsaw
and
bioli
stock
would
be
herded
onto
cattle
cars
and
taken
to
jablanca
within
two
hours
of
their
arrival.
99
of
those
who
survived
the
train
journey
were
dead
from
carbon
monoxide
poisoning.
O
N
Was
tried,
convicted
and
sentenced
to
life
in
prison
in
Germany
awaiting
appeal,
stronger
was
approached
by
Austrian
journalist,
Gita
cereni,
who
asked
him
if
he
would
be
willing
to
sit
for
an
interview,
changel
agreed
and
for
two
hours
spouted
lines
about
hurting,
no
one,
and
just
following
orders.
After
those
two
hours,
cereni
told
stronghold
that
she'd
been
to
dozens
of
Trials
of
Nazi
war
criminals
and
was
uninterested
in
hearing
the
same,
mindless
and
useless
disavows
of
responsibility.
O
O
N
What
resulted
was
80
hours
of
interviews
with
dongle,
so
Reni
also
went
to
interview.
Every
person
strangle
mentioned
that
she
could
find
they
included
strangle's,
wife,
other
guards
and
Jews
who
survived
Treblinka
and
sobibor.
Those
interviews
became
one
of
the
most
important
books,
exploring
the
Holocaust
and
the
problem
of
evil
into
that
Darkness.
O
O
N
P
Good
afternoon
my
name
is
Jack
arbiter.
17
years
ago
my
father
Izzy
Arbiter,
who
worked
tirelessly
to
educate
young
people
about
the
Holocaust
and
the
consequences
of
bigotry
created
the
Israel
Arbiter
Holocaust
essay
contest
students
from
all
over
Greater
Boston,
submit
entries
for
a
chance
at
a
trip
to
the
United
States
Holocaust
Memorial
Museum
in
Washington
D.C.
P
They
grapple
with
the
complexity
of
this
painful
history,
their
role
in
carrying
forward
the
legacy
of
the
survivors
and
standing
up
to
hatred
in
all
of
its
forms.
We
have
six
incredible
student
winners
this
year.
Their
essays
touch
on
personal
experiences
of
intolerance
and
reflections
of
the
world.
Today,
they're,
smart
and
insightful
essays
give
us
hope
for
the
future
and
that
stories
like
my
fathers
will
not
be
forgotten.
A
And
now
you
must
answer
this
question
for
yourselves.
How
will
you
meet
this
moment
when
you
hear
hateful
language
and
see
acts
of
bigotry?
Will
you
speak
up?
Let
us
all
commit
to
doing
so.
Let
us
honor
our
survivors
in
the
6
million.
By
standing
up,
we
close
today
with
two
prayers
and
the
Moon
is
kadish
afterwards.
I
will
ask
that
you
all
wait
for
the
people
on
the
Deus
to
exit
first,
followed
by
our
Holocaust
Survivors.
A
Q
Q
Keeping
faith
is
very
hard
I,
as
a
travel
Survivor
has
been
wrecked
with
doubt
much
of
the
day,
but
I
returned
returned
to
a
place
deep
in
my
heart
and
this
prayer.
If
you
will
talks
about
the
fact
that
there's
still
room
for
compassion
compassion
is
a
very
important
word,
we
start
with
compassion
for
ourselves
and
then
compassion
for
those.
We
love
and
then
compassion
for
all
those
who
suffer
in
these
very
trying
times
throughout
the
world.