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From YouTube: 200th Anniversary of Boston Becoming a City
Description
On May 1, 1822, Boston went from being a Town to a City.
With gratitude to the many public servants who have worked tirelessly for Boston's success over the past 200 years, Mayor Wu joined with local political leaders and community members in a celebratory procession. This act of appreciation began at the Old South Meeting House, continued onto the Old City Hall, then concluded in the plaza of Boston's current City Hall.
A
A
Are
we
good?
Okay
sounds
better.
I
I'm
the
master
of
ceremonies
today
and
I
want
to
start
by
inviting
up
nathaniel
shidely
who's,
the
executive
director
of
revolutionary
spaces,
the
organization
which
takes
care
of
this
beautiful
building
that
we're
in
today,
and
also
the
old
state
house
across
the
street.
So
nathaniel
shidley.
B
Our
organization,
revolutionary
spaces
is
dedicated
to
bringing
people
together
to
explore
our
nation's
unfinished
struggle
to
create
and
sustain
a
free
society,
evoked
so
singularly
by
the
two
national
treasures
that
we
care
for
this
building
old,
south
meeting
house
and
the
old
state
house.
Just
two
blocks
down
washington
street.
B
B
It
can
be
a
reminder
that
we
stand
in
a
long
arc
of
work
and
it
can
remind
us
of
the
importance
of
leaning
in
hard
to
continue
to
work
together
to
build
a
city
that
works
for
everybody.
So,
thank
you
for
being
here
this
evening,
I'm
so
honored
to
be
part
of
this
commemoration
and
to
be
with
all
of
you
here.
Thank.
A
You
I
now
want
to
invite
up
my
colleague
council
president
ed
flynn,
the
charter
that
came
into
force
in
1822.
It
both
created
the
first
mayor
of
boston
and
we
will
hear
from
that
person's
successor
in
a
bit,
but
it
also
created
the
first
council
going
from
a
board
of
selectmen.
So
I'm
going
to
ask
councillor
flynn
to
lead
us
in
the
pledge
of
allegiance.
C
A
And
now,
in
a
slight
adaptation
to
the
program,
I'm
actually
going
to
invite
up
both
of
boston's
poet
laureates.
So
we
are
very
delighted
to
have
portia
ola
who's
been
serving
as
the
poet
laureate
for
us
for
some
years
now,
and
then
we
have
our
second
ever
youth
poet
laureate
who
has
just
recently
started.
I
think
back
in
february,
angelique,
verona,
burkett
and
we're
really
thrilled
that
we'll
be
hearing
recitations
from
both
of
them
of
poems
about
boston.
D
Good
afternoon
good
evening,
everyone,
how
are
you
all
good?
I
feel
so
incredibly
honored
excited
humbled
to
be
here
with
y'all
thinking
on
the
history
of
the
city,
but
also
the
future
of
the
city.
This
poem
is
an
ode
to
boston,
yeah
and
and,
and
sometimes
it
fills
me
with
so
much
joy,
excitement
and
I
hope
to
give
that
and
celebrate
the
city
with
you
all
this
this
evening.
D
The
saint
of
travelers
plague
of
trolleys
hold
us
still
at
lights.
Unlearn
us
bustle
and
hand
us
patience
memorandum
to
slow,
remind
us
who
it
is.
We
are
and
the
blood
love
it
took
to
raise
a
city
of
building
blocks,
place
of
clear
water
of
culture,
shaping
of
planting
and
planting
tri-hill
city
tip
the
cup
of
tea
and
bring
on
the
massacre
city
of
building
up
up
up
and
people
out
out
city
of
ramming
city
of
running
of
shifting
pacing
fast
gone
champion
of
all
parade
for
everything.
D
You
cold
heat
to
my
head
investor
and
wealth
and
health
eldest
master,
first
future
of
our
states,
teacher
of
love,
long
standing
of
might
and
fight
and
force
politics
and
win
blow
a
bar
breeze
cutting
kisses
across
the
face.
Oh
city,
I
love
oh
city.
I
know
and
walk
the
lawn
of
city.
I
carry
between
my
cheeks
around
my
neck
city.
I
found
along
my
palms
under
my
nail
city
of
song,
blaring
of
loud
leaping
faith,
rhythm,
familiar
and
inescapable,
calling
out
to
each
of
us
by
heart,
singing
out
to
all
of
us
by
name.
D
E
So
I
first
want
to
say
thank
you
for
allowing
me
to
be
here,
and
I
also
want
to
say
that
I
was
super
excited
to
meet
marawu
that
I
was
really
screaming
when
she
come
up
to
me
and
I
called
her
cool,
I'm
not
sure
if
that's
like
an
insult
or
like
if
that's
like,
okay
coming
from
a
teenager,
but
I
hope
you
like
being
called
cool
okay
got
thumbs
up.
So
here
is
my
poem
called
heart
of
boston.
E
Huntington
ave
and
foresight
street
at
richards
hall
904
am
allowing
my
feet
to
carry
me.
I
find
my
way
at
northeastern,
standing
in
front
of
a
boy
with
dirty
blonde
curls
and
a
flute
wearing
a
berkley
hoodie
playing
the
impressions
with
such
grace
and
punctuality
that
precious
love
started
to
make.
You
wonder
if
you
deserved
a
young
lover,
he
didn't
have
a
hat
or
cup
or
instrument
case.
He
wasn't
playing
for
money.
He
was
playing
to
feel
the
air
in
his
lungs
leave
and
enter
that
beautifully.
E
E
E
Like
the
shoreline
coasting
and
easy
pushing
lightly
off
her
feet
to
skip
over
stray
shells
and
hermit
crabs,
her
skin
glistened
and
ripples
against
the
mid-morning
sun,
the
sound
of
traffic
and
loud
seagulls
were
no
match
for
her
bare
feet
against
the
grass
and
her
head
pivoting
with
her
shoulders
and
waist
the
music
in
her
ears
gathered
and
she
bowed
starting
a
new
routine
on
the
tips
of
her
feet.
I
left
once
more
satisfied
and
whelmed.
E
Cambridge
street
and
highgate
street
over
the
massachusetts,
turnpike
11
49
a.m,
an
hour
and
a
half
walk,
and
I
find
myself
hungry
stopping
in
cambridge
at
roxy's
grilled
cheese
for
some
fries
truffle
oil
and
a
homeless
man's
days.
Vomits
around
the
entrance
calm
sounds
of
diners
and
restaurants,
starting
up
and
serving
to
construction
workers
and
the
girls
in
the
dance
studio
next
door.
E
E
Where
I
met
a
boy
with
a
notebook
and
distress
and
cracking
his
knuckles
and
loud
music
with
a
rapid
moving
pencil,
a
writer
here
on
the
bus
in
front
of
me
putting
his
voice
to
lead
and
paper
and
kept
away
safe
in
the
last
few
pages
of
the
notebook
with
papers
falling
out
and
doodles
on
various
pages,
his
mind
gripped
the
patrons
on
the
bus,
a
pregnant
woman,
arguing
for
handicapped
seating,
high
school
students,
scarfing
down
pizza
and
fries.
A
more
seasoned
bus
rider
talking
with
the
driver
in
cape
verde
and
creole.
A
Thank
you
to
both
our
poet
laureates.
It's
really
important
for
us,
especially
on
an
occasion
like
this,
to
acknowledge
that
before
boston
was
ever
incorporated
as
a
city
or
a
town,
it
was
the
land
of
the
massachusetts
tribe
at
poncapoag,
and
so
we're
joined
today
by
elizabeth
solomon,
a
member
of
the
tribe,
to
offer
a
land
acknowledgement
and
recognition.
F
F
I
ask
you
to
honor
the
lands
and
the
waters
of
this
place
and
treat
them
as
something
precious,
because
they
are
ten
thousand
years
ago.
Boston
harbor
was
dry
land,
and
we
were
here
one
thousand
years
ago,
much
of
what
is
now
known
as
the
city
of
boston
was
under
water,
and
we
were
here
four
hundred
years
ago,
english
colonists
came
to
occupy
our
land,
and
we
were
here
today.
F
Most
of
greater
boston
is
a
major
urban
area
occupied
by
others,
and
still
we
are
here
here
is
where
our
land
ancestors
laughed
cried:
loved,
made
music
practiced,
our
beliefs
shared
both
food
and
knowledge,
and
made
both
useful
and
sacred
things
here
is
where
we
raised
our
children
and
buried
and
honored.
Our
dead
here
is
where
we
interacted
with
people
who
came
from
across
oceans.
F
These
interactions
brought
new
things,
new
tensions,
new
ideas,
new
challenges
here
is
where
some
of
the
visitors
brought
diseases
that
killed
most
of
our
people,
leaving.
Those
of
us
who
are
left
behind
bereft
here
is
where
those
of
us
who
survived
remained
and
continue
to
make
our
lives
here
is
where
english
colonists
began.
Their
conquest
of
the
continent.
F
F
Here
is
where
we
used
our
literacy
and
our
knowledge
to
advocate
for
our
people-
and
here
is
where
the
language
of
our
ancestors
was
forcibly
taken
from
us
here
is
where
those
who
came
to
live
among
us
saw
land
resources,
and
sometimes
people
as
commodities
to
be
bought
and
sold
here
is
where
we
maintained,
sometimes
in
secret.
Our
commitment
to
our
own
values
and
beliefs
about
the
nature
of
the
land,
resources
and
people
here
is
where
we
made
alliances,
intermarried
and
made
new
communities
with
people
from
other
native
groups
and
with
those
from
other
cultures.
F
F
F
F
F
A
Thank
you,
elizabeth
next
up
we're
going
to
have
professor
robert
allison
from
suffolk
university.
If
you're
in
the
audience
today,
you
might
be
forgiven
for
not
knowing
all
the
details
of
the
1822
incorporation,
so
robert
allison
expert,
professor
of
boston,
as
he
is,
is
going
to
give
us
a
little
bit
of
a
summary.
So
thank
you.
G
G
Many
who
are
not
here,
I'm
glad
to
see
many
of
you
did
come
to
find
out
more
about
this
event
and
for
those
who
really
want
to
find
out
more
about
the
incorporation
of
boston
a
week
from
monday
at
the
mass
historical
society.
There's
a
panel
discussion
about
boston
200
years
as
a
city,
5
30,
pm
boston
in
1822
was
about
to
experience
a
period
of
profound
change.
G
It
already
was
the
fourth
largest
city
in
the
country
and
over
the
next
decade,
that
is
the
decade
of
the
1820s.
Its
population
would
increase
by
50
percent
and
the
population
was
going
to
triple
in
the
next
30
years.
Just
think
about
that
tremendous
change
happening
in
this
relatively
small
compact
place
and
there
already
were
signs
of
this
change.
G
G
The
whole
story
of
why
that
didn't
work
is
a
story
for
another
day,
but
that's
a
sign
of
the
changes
happening
in
boston.
Also,
the
year
before
english
high
school
had
been
started.
As
we
all
know,
boston
was
the
home
of
the
first
public
school
in
the
country,
and
when
was
that
school
founded
1635.?
Thank
you.
I
thought
there
would
be
more
latin
people
here.
G
Did
you
know
that
mayor
will?
Thank
you,
english
high,
the
first
public
high
school
in
the
country
opened
in
1821.,
so
boston.
Had
these
moment.
These
anticipation
of
change
happening
with
a
migration
of
folks
in
and
an
industrial
transformation
of
new
england
happening
in
boston
would
be
the
hub
of
that
industrial
transformation
and
boston
was
still
governed
by
a
town
meeting.
G
There
are
7
000
eligible
voters
in
boston.
Population
was
about
forty
thousand.
Seven
thousand
of
them
could
vote,
which
meant
they
could
come
to
the
town
meeting,
and
this
was
in
an
era
before
sophisticated
sound
systems
like
this
one.
So
unless
you
were
sitting
next
to
the
microphone,
you
wouldn't
be
able
to
hear
what
was
happening
and
what
was
happening
was
most
people
wouldn't
show
up.
Maybe
30
or
40
people
would
come
to
the
town
meeting,
whatever
those
30
or
4,
30
or
40
people
decided,
would
be
the
law
in
boston.
G
John
adams,
the
venerable
sage
and
probably
the
american
who
knew
the
most
about
constructing
governments
approved
of
this
change
at
the
massachusetts
convention
of
1820.,
so
in
january
of
1822.
By
the
way.
One
reason
there
are
different
dates
we
give
to
boston's
actual
incorporation
and,
as
different
events
have
been
planned,
this
one,
the
one
at
the
mass
historical
we've
debated.
G
Against
often
we
think
in
the
past
people
generally
agreed,
and
whatever
happened
was
what
everyone
wanted.
It's
important
to
remember
that
then,
as
now,
everyone
didn't
agree
and
the
outcome
wasn't
always
what
everyone
wanted.
Although
we
do
live
in
a
system
where
the
majority
governs
so
2700
being
a
majority,
I
know
the
counselors
here
can
calculate
what
the
percentage
was
of
2700
out
of
that
number.
G
So
the
petition
went
to
the
general
court
and
the
good
news
for
boston
was
one
of
the
leaders
in
boston
in
this
move
to
incorporate
as
a
city
was
jonathan
phillips.
Who
was
president
of
the
massachusetts
state
senate
and
the
moderator
of
the
town
meeting
was
josiah
quincy
a
bostonian
by
the
way
quincy
was
lukewarm
to
the
idea
of
incorporation
as
a
city,
but
the
general
court
did
approve,
giving
letting
boston
have
a
city
charter,
and
so
it
was
created
actually
drafted
by
lemuel
shaw
and
the
city
charter
divided
boston
into
12
wards.
G
G
Jonathan
phillips
was
elected.
The
first
mayor
there's
actually
a
very
interesting
story
about
his
election,
but
I've
learned
in
my
three
years
as
an
historian.
The
things
I
find
really
interesting
are
not
of
great
interest
to
the
rest
of
the
audience,
so
I
will
leave
out
that
political,
skullduggery
and
just
say
jonathan
phillips
was
the
first
mayor
of
boston
and
he
also
concurrently
served
as
president
of
the
massachusetts
state
senate.
He
did
not
give
up
that
post.
G
G
Usually
when
I
talk
more
about
quincy,
I
was
always
hesitant
to
speak
too
loudly
because
quincy
was
known
and
is
still
known
as
the
great
mayor.
I'm
always
a
little
worried
that
the
current
mayor
will
hear
me
say:
josiah
quincy
was
the
great
mayor,
not
a
great
mayor,
but
the
great
mayor.
I
know
that.
G
G
He
also
took
over
the
public
health
commission,
took
it
under
the
control
of
the
city
government
and
also
took
the
state
controlled.
The
building
of
roads,
quincy
made
that
a
city
function
and
quincy
also
served
as
chair
of
the
school
committee.
In
fact,
the
school
committee
included
the
members
of
the
board
of
aldermen,
so
quincy
had
control
over
the
streets
and
over
public
safety
over
the
schools
over
sanitation
over
the
health
commission.
G
The
term
was
one
year,
then
so
the
only
mayor
to
serve
six
terms
so
far,
and
also
with
the
incorporation
of
boston
as
a
city,
boston
was
given
a
city
seal
and
we
all
many
of
us
are
wearing
it,
and
the
city
seal
has
two
dates.
On
it,
16
30
the
year
that
the
puritans
arrived
as
we've
heard
and
also
1822
the
year
of
incorporation,
and
it
has
a
latin
motto.
G
G
Many
of
us
like
mayor
wu
and
me
came
here
from
other
places
to
make
boston
our
home
many
others,
like
my
sons,
john
and
phil,
and
yours,
blaze
and
cass-
were
born
here
and
will
make
the
city
their
home
and
continue
to
shape
its
history,
preserving
the
past,
making
their
own
history
in
the
city.
We
all
share,
which
we
hope
will
continue
for
another
two
400
years
well
into
the
future.
Thank
you
all
for
being
part
of
this
and
thank
you,
councilor
bach,
for
making
this
event
happen.
A
Up
next
we're
going
to
have
judith
alan
shaw,
who's,
the
president
of
the
afro-american
genealogical
and
historical
societies,
new
england
chapter.
We
we're
really
glad
to
have
judith
with
us
today
because,
as
was
just
alluded
to
by
professor
allison,
when
only
7
000
bostonians
were
eligible
to
vote
in
1822.
As
you
heard,
many
of
them
didn't
and
boston
at
the
time
had
a
really
robust,
vibrant
black
community,
which
largely
was
not
able
to
vote.
We
haven't
verified
if
really
none
of
them
were,
and
we
sort
of
hope
some
might
have
made
it.
A
But
we
know
that
that
political
culture
was
alive
and
well
all
through
the
19th
century,
we're
standing
in
the
church
home
of
phyllis
wheatley
even
before
that
america's
first
published
black
poet,
and
so
we
really
wanted
to
make
sure
that
the
story
of
boston's
19th
century
black
community
was
here
with
us
today
as
well.
So
welcome
judith
alan
shaw.
H
H
Tell
you
about
three
events:
in
1780
when
massachusetts
constitution
went
into
effect,
slavery
was
legal
in
the
commonwealth.
However,
during
the
years
1781
to
1783
in
three
related
cases
known
today,
as
the
clock
walker
case,
the
supreme
judicial
court
applied
the
principle
of
judicial
review
to
abolish
slavery.
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
It
is
known
that
african
americans
participated
in
anti-slavery
activities,
one
such
listing
in
the
1822
board
of
aldermen
docket,
an
early
anti-slavery
march
john
harrison
and
daniel
carter,
and
I
did
not
find
them
in
the
1823
directory.
However,
committee
and
on
behalf
of
the
african
society
requested
liberty
to
form
a
procession
marched
through
the
streets
of
the
city
on
the
14th
of
july
next,
their
annual
celebration
of
the
abolition
of
slavery
committee
of
african
society
granted
june
for
june
in
june.
H
So
there
were
contingencies,
but
for
monies
any
monies
made
would
be
shared
and
that
the
ins,
the
church
would
be
kept
in
good
order.
The
city
directory
does
not
tell
us
much
about
the
complete
lives
of
residents.
So,
let's
take
a
look
at
one
african-american
resident
in
boston
in
1822,
thomas
dalton
was
born
in
1794
in
gloucester
massachusetts.
H
It
is
known
that
in
1811
thomas
began
attending
annual
marches
in
boston
celebrating
the
u.s
law
of
1807
affected
in
1808
that
abolished
the
slave
trade
celebrations
were
sponsored
by
the
african
masonic
lodge
founded
by
prince
hall
in
1815.
He
was
issued
a
siemens
protective
certificate
certifying
that
he
was
free
in
1817.
H
He
relocated
to
boston,
having
begun
as
a
blue
boot.
Black
and
waiter
dalton
gained
employment
as
a
tailor
and
subsequently
opened
his
own
clothing
store
from
1818
to
1832.
He
was
married
to
patients
young
in
the
1820s.
He
actively
participated
in
the
african-american,
humane
society,
the
colored
people
fund
society
and
the
african
freehold
society
and
became
a
trustee
of
the
african
methodist
episcopal
zion
church
in
boston.
H
He
co-founded
the
massachusetts
general
colored
association
with
david
walker,
soon
to
become
a
famous
author
and
with
his
book
an
appeal
to
the
colored
citizens
of
the
world
in
1830,
oversaw
the
publication
of
an
address
by
the
abolitionist
john
t,
hilton,
thomas
off,
oversaw
the
emerging
of
the
mgca
to
william
lloyd,
garrison's,
new
england.
Anti-Slavery
society,
their
goals
included
end
in
ending
slavery
in
the
south
and
racial
discrimination
in
the
north
and
with
lucy
lou
francis
who
he
married
in
1834.
H
He
formed
the
boston
mutual
lyceum
to
sponsor
educational
lectures
for
african
americans.
As
a
founder
of
the
infant
school
association,
headed
a
position
to
establish
a
public
school
with
equal
educational
opportunity
for
young
black
children,
he
became
an
advocate
for
school
integration
in
massachusetts.
H
H
This
petition
illustrates
that
the
participation
of
african-american
community
in
boston
was
inclusive
of
both
men
and
women,
and
we
can
see
that
there
was
much
activity
within
the
african-american
community
of
boston
surrounding
the
time
of
boston's.
Incorporation
in
1822
this
was
a
vibrant
community
that
was
constantly
pushing
the
boundaries
set
upon
them.
They
were
hard-working.
They
were
a
hard-working
community
that
made
time
to
fight
for
the
educational
and
political
rights,
and
so
here
we
are
in
the
21st
century.
A
A
Next
up
is
darlene
lombos,
who
runs
the
greater
boston,
labor
council
and
we're
so
glad
that
darling
could
join
us
today.
As
folks
know,
it
is
may
day
here
in
boston
and
across
the
world,
and
hopefully
you
ran
into
a
workers
march
at
some
point
today.
But
you
know,
given
that
the
founding
of
the
city
falls
on
that
international
workers
day
and
given,
as
professor
allison
alluded
to
the
fact
that
you
know
becoming
a
city
was
part
of
the
industrialization
of
boston
and
the
growth
of
the
labor
force.
I
Thank
you
so
much
counselor
bach
for
inviting
me
today
and
I'm
so
honored
and
humbled
to
be
part
of
this
program.
There's
such
incredible
speakers
and
such
an
incredible
poet
laureates
and
oh
I'm
just
thrilled,
but
today
is
mayday.
I
have
the
honor
of
talking
about
international
workers
day
a
time
when
people
from
all
over
the
country
celebrate
trade
unionist
and
the
labor
movement
for
our
contributions
to
the
broad
struggle
for
justice
and
liberation.
I
The
designation
of
may
first,
as
the
international
day
of
workers,
is
a
source
of
enormous
pride
for
the
u.s
labor
movement.
It
honors
the
1886
mobilization
of
35
000
workers
unionists
and
socialists
in
chicago
who
left
work
that
day
to
march
through
the
streets
demanding
an
eight-hour.
Workday
police
met
this
show
of
militancy
by
firing
on
the
demonstrators
in
what
we
now
know.
As
the
haymarket
massacre,
the
courage
and
sacrifice
of
those
workers
sent
a
beacon
seen
around
the
world.
I
I
I
In
another
gilded
age
we
again
have
american
oligarchs,
creating
monopolies,
while
nurses
and
janitors
and
grocery
store
workers
could
barely
get
their
hands
on
ppe
to
keep
themselves
safe.
While
caring
for
the
rest
of
us
american
oligarchs,
like
jeff
bezos
of
amazon,
were
busy
using
the
vast
wealth
created
by
workers
to
build
himself
a
spaceship
over
the
past
two
years
from
boston
to
san
francisco.
I
While
we
do
that
american
oligarch
elon
musk
drops
40
billion
dollars
to
buy
twitter,
so
he
can
invite
all
the
races
back
on
there
like
the
oligarchs
of
old
and
the
ones
in
russia.
We
hear
so
much
about
america's
oligarchs
are
still
fighting
hard
to
stop
workers
from
organizing
for
decent
wages
and
working
conditions.
I
Yes,
of
course,
a
40
hour
work
week
is
an
achievement,
but
now
we
are
at
a
time
when
most
people
have
to
work
two
or
three
jobs
to
put
food
on
the
table.
A
time
when
companies
like
uber
and
lyft
are
gaming,
the
system
by
calling
their
drivers
independent
contractors,
so
they
don't
have
to
offer
benefits
or
pay
taxes.
I
When
boston
was
chartered
as
a
city
in
1822,
elected
officials
invested
heavily
in
building
infrastructure,
roads
and
bridges
and
housing
and
sewers
all
things
that
a
city
needed
to
grow
and
expand
and
take
full
advantage
of
the
industrial
revolution.
Boston
became
one
of
the
largest
manufacturing
centers
in
the
nation,
known
for
its
garment
production
and
leather
goods.
I
I
I
president
biden,
usdol
secretary
walsh,
and
his
women's
bureau
chief
wendy
chun
hoon,
senators,
warren
and
marky
congresswoman
presleen
clark.
They
have
done
their
part
on
the
national
level
to
make
sure
states
and
cities
can
access
billions
of
dollars
for
infrastructure
to
provide
pathways
into
all
this
work
for
women
and
people
of
color
and
to
make
sure
environmental
justice
communities
are
prioritized
for
these
resources.
I
It
is
our
duty
to
forge
a
new
path
with
equity
at
the
center,
with
economic
and
racial
justice
and
gender
justice
at
the
center
and
with
workers
and
our
families
at
the
center.
The
labor
movement
will
continue
to
fight
for
respect
and
dignity
in
the
workplace,
for
our
families
and
for
our
communities,
and
we
know
our
collective
solidarity
is
on
the
rise.
We
are
on
the
dawn
of
a
new
wave
of
organizing
and
from
tiny
coffee
shops
to
some
of
the
biggest
warehouses
worker
power
and
worker
solidarity
is
growing
and
growing
and
growing.
I
In
fact,
I
was
just
at
a
starbucks
worker
rally
right
before
I
came
here.
Let's
take
the
actions
today
that
will
make
future
generations
proud
the
best
way
to
honor
the
hay
market.
Workers
is
to
carry
their
legacy
forward
and
to
fight
for
that
world
we
know,
is
now
more
possible
than
ever
mayor
wu,
very
exciting,
and,
let's
remember
especially
on
this
day
may
1st,
the
international
day
of
the
worker.
I
A
Thank
you
darlene.
Now
you
get
me
to
prepare
for
today
I
went
and
looked
up
what
mayor
james
michael
curley
said
in
his
1922
inaugural
address,
which
was
the
year
that
the
city
of
boston
reached
100
years
as
a
city,
and
I
found
mayor
curley
saying
that
we
really
need
to
cut
the
price
of
the
tea
and
also
that
the
city
intended
to
form
a
plan
for
future
facilities
on
long
island.
A
But
what
did
change
200
years
ago
when
boston
went
from
town
to
city,
as
you've
already
heard
from
professor
allison,
there
were
people
who
didn't
want
to
see
that
change
happen.
At
the
time
you
know
boston
had,
as
we
heard,
only
7
000
residents,
who
were
eligible
to
vote
out
of
the
40
many
of
the
property
white
men
who
did
show
up
liked
the
idea
of
being
able
to
be
in
a
town
meeting
together,
hashing
out
the
issues
of
the
day
and
has
already
referenced.
A
It
had
no
public
sewers
at
all,
just
a
patchwork
of
privately
owned
sewers,
which
meant
that
local
citizens
were
constantly
digging
up
the
streets
themselves
to
lay
their
sewers
in
and
then
getting
into
conflicts
over
how
much
money
the
bigger
private
sewer
owner
was
going
to
charge
them
to
tie
in.
It
was
a
mess
literally
a
frequently
failing
mess
of
sewage
in
the
streets,
as
an
official
chronicle
of
the
city
puts
it
quote,
it
was
an
extremely
primitive
system
for
a
place
having
more
than
40
000
inhabitants
and
frequently
a
serious
detriment
to
public
health.
A
This
system
could
not
last
and
already
in
1823,
so
one
year
after
incorporation,
the
mayor
and
aldermen
were
authorized
to
construct
all
common
sewers
and
to
assess
the
residents
who
wish
to
connect
with
them.
The
sewers
were
municipalized
with
great
success.
The
city
spent
large
sums
for
better
drainage
and
greater
efficiency
was
secured
by
the
appointment
in
1837
of
a
superintendent
of
sewers
mayor
wu
just
appointed,
and
the
council
just
approved
this
week.
Her
first
sewer,
commissioner,
so
mayor
welcome
to
the
crux
of
the
job.
A
It
should
be
noted.
This
was
partly
broken
to
create
the
boston
common
garage.
A
subject
of
great
controversy,
many
years
later
it
took
becoming
a
city,
however,
for
boston
to
start
building
out
a
park
system
in
quick
succession.
After
incorporation
it
secured
first
dorchester
heights
in
south
boston,
then
the
public
garden,
the
fens
franklin
park,
jamaica,
pond,
the
arboretum
wood
island
in
east
boston
and
marine
park
in
south
boston.
A
On
the
other
hand,
once
we
started
doing
public
libraries,
the
idea
of
neighborhood
distribution
caught
on
very
quickly,
so,
whereas
the
first
boylston
street
central
library
building
goes
up
in
1855
by
1870,
there's
already
the
first
branch
library
in
east
boston.
That
was
a
pilot.
Everyone
agreed
it
succeeded
and
in
the
next
two
years
they
built
the
south
boston,
roxbury,
charlestown
and
brighton
branch.
Libraries,
public
access
to
knowledge
was
something
bostonians
knew
that
they
wanted
as
they
do
today.
A
As
you
can
imagine,
it's
a
similar
story
on
every
front.
It
took
becoming
a
city
to
figure
out
how
to
get
boston,
the
water
it
needed
to
start
doing
street
work
in
a
systematic
way,
as
you
heard
under
mayor
quincy,
rather
than
at
random,
based
on
which
set
of
abutters
wanted
an
improvement
in
their
street.
A
I
was
thinking
about
that
in
particular,
because
there's
a
there's,
this
famous
reference
to
boston
in
john
winthrop's
speech
that
you've
all
heard
it
for
we
must
consider
that
we
shall
be
a
city
upon
a
hill.
It
was
quoted
by
jfk
and
many
others.
It's
that
sort
of
idea
of
boston
as
a
light
to
the
world,
but
in
recent
years
I
think
it's
also
become
a
shorthand
for
the
puritans
vision
of
a
closed
circle
and
elect
a
sort
of
specific
exclusive
self-governing
group,
and
the
town
of
boston
was
something
like
that.
A
But
what
I
think
is
so
interesting
is
that
the
scripture
that
winthrop
took
that
reference
to
a
city
on
a
hill
from
actually
describes
a
city
where
the
gates
stood
always
open,
a
city
with
gates
that
never
shut,
and
that's
what
becoming
a
city
in
1822,
really
meant
for
boston
that
the
bridges
stood
open.
The
circle
wasn't
closed
anymore.
A
A
A
This
wider
people
became
boston's
public
the
workers
who
built
all
these
new
public
goods
as
darlene
mentioned,
and
the
public
who
enjoyed
them
and
that's
what
it
means
to
be
a
city.
We
move
beyond
interpersonal
trust,
the
people
we
know
the
people
in
the
circle
to
civic
trust,
relying
on
systems
built
and
maintained
and
improved
by
hands.
We
may
never
shake
and
we
can't
ever
delineate
all
the
members
of
that
community
of
trust,
because
someone
could
walk
in
tomorrow
across
those
open
public
bridges
and
decide
to
live
here
and
become
part
of
boston.
A
J
Good
evening,
everyone
thank
you
so
much
for
being
here
I'll
share
a
little
bit
about
what
I
know
of
the
origin
of
today's
event,
which
is
that
I
got
a
text
message
from
counselor
bach,
who
said:
hey,
did
you
know
the
actual
anniversary
or
200th
is
coming
up?
I
said
great,
she
said.
Maybe
we
should
do
something
I
said
wonderful,
she
said.
Are
you
free?
On
this
day
I
said
I
can
make
myself
free.
J
What
are
you
thinking
and
then
she
sent
me
a
memo
that
had
been
researched
and
documented
with
every
role
of
every
person
council,
president
flynn
and
counselor,
and
then
counselor
and
senator
edwards
were
already
slotted
into
roles
in
that
memo
weeks
ago.
So
we're
all
here
playing
our
part,
but
counselor
bach
and
everyone
here
has
played,
has
done
so
much
so
please,
another
round
of
applause
for
our
incredible
steward
here.
J
J
I
had
the
chance
to
write
my
first
letter
to
the
future
just
a
few
months
into
office,
because
at
on
city
hall,
plaza
we're
undergoing
major
renovations
and
we
left
a
time.
Capsule,
colleagues
added
different
items
and
the
various
departments
and
and
different
artifacts
were
sealed
away
and
there's
a
tradition
where
the
mayor
also
writes
a
letter
to
future
mayors
down
the
line,
and
this
was
a
lot
of
pressure
for
me-
writing
a
letter
to
the
next
hundred
years,
just
100
days
in
office.
J
J
J
In
some
ways,
for
me,
the
most
powerful
moment
is
to
remember
that
boston
has
been
here
before
we
have
faced
great
challenges
before
and
through
the
activism
of
community
members,
whether
they
were
reflected
and
recognized
in
those
official
documents
or
not.
We
have
always
come
together
to
form
a
more
equitable
and
just
future
collectively.
J
J
Along
these
lines,
again
with
counselor
box
leadership
and
and
steering
last
year,
the
boston
city
council
passed
wait
last
year
right,
okay,
I
signed
an
agent
the
last
year.
It
was
passed,
and
this
is
one
of
the
first
items
that
I
signed
into
official
ordinance
law,
a
commemoration
commission
which
will
help
us
prepare
with
specific
representation
and
coordination
and
accountability
for
us
to
be
on
schedule
as
we're
looking
forward
to
a
very
important
milestone
to
come.
J
A
You
know
really
representative
inclusive
curricula
in
our
schools,
trails
exhibits
in
our
local
branch.
Libraries
really
kind
of
do
the
history
of
the
city
well
together.
So
there's
a
number
of
folks
from
the
city
government
who
are
serving
in
this
and
then
also
a
number
of
folks
from
our
community.
There
are
folks
from
the
academic
world
representing
a
lot
of
different
expertises,
and
so
I'm
gonna
just
read
names
today,
because
we're
running
a
long
time
and
not
give
everybody
their
accolades.
A
A
Nathaniel
shidley,
who
you
heard
from
from
revolutionary
spaces
here:
j
cedric
woods
from
the
umass
boston
institute
for
new
england
native
american
studies,
tatiana
cruz
from
simmons
university,
joann
elaqua
from
the
history
project,
which
does
lgbtq
history
connoisseur
and
kid
washer.
Sorry
long
story
short
an
ally
from
the
mass
historical
society
he's
the
research
director
there
allison
frazee,
I
know,
is
also
here
from
the
boston
preservation
alliance.
A
I
am
going
to
serve
on
this
commission
personally,
representing
the
boston
city
council.
Thank
you
mayor.
The
bob
robert
allison,
who
you
heard
from
from
the
colonial
society
and
suffolk
and
many
other
hats,
carolyn
goldstein
from
mass
memories,
roadshow,
claire
andrade,
watkins
from
emerson
college
and
really
bringing
the
cape
verdean
history
to
the
fore,
kiera
singleton
of
of
royal
house
and
slave
quarters
who's,
also
serving
on
the
state's
250th
commission,
jim
kloppenberger.
A
His
intellectual
historian
from
harvard
william
leonard,
a
historian
from
emmanuel
college,
fairies,
gray,
the
sagamore
of
the
massachusetts
tribe
at
ponca
poag,
and
then
we
have
several
other
representatives
that
are
still
being
formally
designated
but
they'll,
be
for
folks
from
the
chamber
of
commerce
from
the
boston
foundation,
folks
from
both
neighborhoods
with
historic
districts
and
neighborhoods,
without
historic
districts,
a
hospitality
worker
and
someone
from
our
office
of
tourism,
sports
and
entertainment.
So,
as
you
can
see,
this
is
a
wide
array
of
folks
and
there's.
A
The
legislation
set
up
subcommittees
so
that
people
could
focus
on
kind
of
some
of
the
main
threads
of
work.
But
we
wanted
in
this
moment
where
we
were
commemorating
to
say:
hey
we're
hoping
to
do
more
of
this
and
for
everybody
who
is
here
today
and
has
opinions
about
how
we
should
do
it
and
thoughts
about
things
we
should
commemorate
just
know
that
that
work
is
is
coming
to
the
fore
quickly.
So
our
very
last
speaker.
A
A
Because
I
can't
wax
eloquent
about
them
now,
but
it's
really
an
amazingly
powerful
list
of
folks,
so
our
last
speaker,
I'm
thrilled
to
have
presenting
and
it's
marwah
bakari,
who
is
one
of
the
boston
students
who
participated
in
something
called.
I
was
meant
for
this,
a
project
that
asked
students
from
around
boston
to
give
speeches
as
the
mayor.
So
this
is
actually
mayor
marwah,
who
I'm
inviting
up-
and
you
know
it
really
was
a
powerful
project.
I'd
encourage
you
to
look
up
all
the
student
speeches.
A
A
K
Hello,
I'm
flattered
that
you
have
chosen
me
to
be
your
new
mayor.
I
would
like
to
thank
my
mom,
my
grandparents,
my
siblings
and
my
friends.
Without
them,
I
wouldn't
be
here.
Boston
has
always
been
a
part
of
my
life.
I
was
born
and
raised
here.
I
attend
school
here.
Boston
is
my
home.
The
people
of
boston
are
the
most
hard-working
and
determined
people.
I
know
we
have
the
best
schools
and
hospitals.
K
My
main
focus
is
mayor
is
education
as
the
daughter
of
immigrants.
The
importance
of
education
was
something
that
my
mother
instilled
in
me
at
a
very
young
age.
She
would
always
tell
me
that
education
is
the
key
to
success.
I
recall
sitting
with
my
mother
as
she
urged
me
to
practice.
Math
problems
learn
how
to
spell
and
read
tons
of
books.
She
would
sit
with
me
working
on
math
problem
after
math
problem
page
after
page
of
reading.
I
wouldn't
rest
until
I
got
all
of
my
problems
right.
K
Without
the
help
and
persistence
of
my
mother,
I
wouldn't
have
become
the
person
I
am
now
watching
my
siblings
go
to
school
every
day
and
hearing
them
talk
about
what
they
learned
always
got
me
excited
and
fascinated
with
the
idea
of
school.
My
first
preschool
class
was
at
a
predominantly
white
school.
We
had
endless
amounts
of
resources
in
a
class
full
of
blonde
hair
and
blue
eyed
students.
I
definitely
stuck
out,
but
I
never
felt
any
different
than
the
rest
of
my
peers.
After
preschool,
I
moved
on
to
attend
a
more
diverse
public
school.
K
As
I
got
older,
I
began
to
notice
the
difference
between
my
preschool
and
the
school
I
attend
now,
not
only
because
we
weren't
in
preschool
anymore,
but
also
because
the
resources
available
to
students
were
limited.
This
is
the
problem
with
our
public
school
system.
I
watch
one
of
my
siblings
go
on
to
attend
a
private
school
in
a
white
neighborhood
watching
the
success
of
the
students
proved
even
more
that
the
more
privileged
you
are,
the
more
successful
you
are
bound
to
become.
K
This
is
because
the
system
we
have
in
place
sets
certain
people
up
for
success
while
setting
up
others
for
failure.
I
noticed
that
the
curriculum
was
very
rigorous
compared
to
the
public
school
curriculum,
which
meant
they're
better
prepared
for
college.
I
watched
the
students
go
on
tours
to
different
universities,
while
the
students
at
my
school
weren't
taken
at
all,
I
would
ask
myself
why
why
the
school
system
isn't
fair?
K
Why
should
someone
who
goes
to
a
private
school
in
a
white
community
receive
a
better
education
than
someone
who
goes
to
a
public
school
and
doesn't
live
in
a
white
community?
This
is
something
I
really
want
to
change,
because
your
economic
status
shouldn't
play
a
role
in
your
education.
Everyone
should
have
access
to
an
equal
education.
K
This
should
start
by
making
the
curriculum
slightly
harder,
so
students
have
a
better
chance
of
getting
into
college.
Academic
resources
should
also
be
presented
to
students,
so
they
have
so
they
know
what
opportunities
are
available.
Students
should
know
about
programs
such
as
steppingstone.
It's
a
non-profit
organization
that
helps
students
starting
from
the
5th
grade.
Stepping
stone
provides
guidance
and
makes
the
high
school
and
college
process
a
lot
easier.
K
On
top
of
that,
it's
completely
free
a
student's
family
plays
a
big
role
in
their
schooling,
which
is
why
educating
parents
on
different
topics
and
opportunities
is
very
important.
Parents
will
have
access
to
people
who
speak
other
languages,
so
something
as
simple
as
a
language
barrier
won't
stop
them
from
supporting
their
child.
At
the
end
of
the
day,
it
isn't
the
parent's
fault
it's
the
system.
K
K
I
have
always
been
a
shy
person
and
it's
difficult
for
me
to
participate
when
in
big
groups,
students
should
always
feel
safe
and
comfortable
when
they're
in
school.
The
best
way
to
achieve
that
is
to
reduce
class
sizes.
If
a
class
is
smaller,
the
student
will
not
only
feel
better
about
participating,
but
there
will
be
more
individualized
learning.
So
each
student
fully
understands
the
material
we
often
blame
every
other
person.
K
A
A
We
are
headed
to
old
city
hall,
where
senator
edwards
and
president
flynn
will
just
read
the
first
two
sentences
of
the
act
that
established
the
city
of
boston
and
then
we
are
just
going
to
cut
straight
through
the
back
city
hall,
ave
to
to
court
square
and
go
raise
the
city
flag
on
the
plaza
outside
of
city
hall.
So
it
should
be
a
short
but
exciting
procession
and
we
are
going
to
be
led
by
the
east
boston
jrotc
program,
which
is
a
fantastic
group.
So
please
join
us
if
you
can.
Thank
you.
L
A
C
In
the
administration
of
all
the
fiscal,
prudential
and
municipal
concerns
of
said
city
with
the
conduct
in
government
thereof
shall
be
vested
in
one
principal
officer
to
be
styled.
The
mayor
one
select
council,
consisting
of
eight
persons
to
be
dominated
the
board
of
aldermen
in
one
more
numerous
council
to
consist
of
48
persons
to
be
dominated.
A
A
A
L
A
A
We
have
two
very
quick
things
to
do
here.
In
a
moment
we
will
be
raising
the
flag
of
the
city
of
boston,
which
has
that
seal
on
it.
That's
also
on
your
sticker
to
to
celebrate
the
200
year
anniversary,
but
the
other
thing
is
just
madam
mayor.
If
you
could
come
up
for
a
moment,
we
we
are
presenting
to
the
mayor
this
plaque.
A
Although
really
this
is
just
a
foam
court
mock-up
of
the
plaque,
but
it
is
the
language
on
it
which
in
a
moment,
I'm
going
to
ask
the
mayor
to
read,
is
modeled
on
the
language
of
the
same
plaque,
which
is
in
faneuil
hall,
which
was
put
in
by
mayor
curley
in
1922
to
mark
100
years
of
boston
as
a
city,
and
so
this
one,
the
200
year
plaque
will
actually
go
here
at
city
hall.
But
we
are
waiting
until
the
construction
project
is
completed
to
fasten
it
on.