►
Description
Meeting Agenda:
I. Engagement
II. Housing Analysis
III. Water and Land Use Analysis
IV. Public Comment
Click here to download or view meeting slides: https://www.charleston-sc.gov/DocumentCenter/View/28505/Special-PC-Meeting-Slides-Jan-11-2021-
A
B
C
Thanks
harry,
so
we've
got
a
ton
of
information
for
you
all
today.
This
is
going
to
be
major
information
overload.
I
I
hope
it
will
be
in
a
digestible
form.
I
think
it
will
be,
but
this
is
going
to
be
probably
more
info
than
you
all
have
seen
in
any
of
our
other
special
meetings
on
the
comprehensive
plan,
but
we
are
in
the
thick
of
it
right
now.
A
Yes,
so
we're
I'm
going
to
be
tag
teaming
with
our
engagement
team
to
give
a
planning
commission
an
overview
of
everything
that
we
did
in
the
first
round
of
engagement
and
what
we
heard
from
folks
during
those
efforts,
but
first
for
all
of
the
engagement
team.
That's
here
on
the
call!
If
you
want
to
meet
yourself
and
share
your
video
and
just
introduce
yourself
before
we
go.
A
Great
thanks,
everyone
and
I'm
chloe
super
for
everyone
else
on
the
call
and
have
been
working
very
closely
with
our
engagement
team.
In
our
first
round
we
engaged
over
3
000
residents
that
participated
in
some
way,
shape
or
form
over
300
participated
in
city-led
virtual
gatherings.
We
had
21
of
those
there's
five
open
listening
sessions,
so
it's
not
geographically
based
one
of
those
was
held
all
in
spanish
with
a
simultaneous
interpretation
for
the
english
speakers.
A
A
A
A
Releases,
my
apologies.
My
dog
has
chosen
this
time
to
get
out
his
spooky
toys,
so
I've
had
to
confiscate
them
okay,
so
I'm
going
to
try
and
move
through
these
really
quickly.
We
had
about
30
questions
on
the
survey
and
it
was
a
lot
of
really
great
information.
I'm
only
going
to
go
over
the
quantitative
results
today,
I'm
not
the
qualitative
one
because
I
haven't
had
a
chance
to
comb
through
all
of
it
yet,
but
also
it's
just
too
much
information
to
cover.
A
We
got
a
a
lot
of
respondents
from
outside
of
the
city
of
charleston
who
are
living
in
the
region,
but
not
within
city
limits
and
a
fair
amount,
30
30
responses.
It
was
a
small
percentage
number
but
30
responses
from
folks
who
live
in
the
city
of
charleston,
but
do
not
own
a
home
or
rent
a
residence
got
a
good
mixture
across
a
tenure
in
terms
of
how
long
people
have
been
a
community
member
of
charleston,
my
dog
is
being
so
loud
right
now
I
really
apologize.
A
A
Our
survey,
though
strong
and
numbers
was
not
fully
representative
of
the
population
city
of
charleston,
so
I've
flagged
here
where
we
got
an
overrepresentation
of
results
and
underrepresentation
and
then,
throughout
the
survey
results
I
have
highlighted
some
key
differences
among
results
for
the
categories
that
are
underrepresented,
so
that
we're
getting
a
fuller
picture
of
what
it
may
be.
What
we
some
changes
we
may
have
seen
had
we
gotten.
A
A
more
representative
sample,
so
we
were
over
represented
among
white
respondents,
folks
who
live
in
lower
part
of
the
peninsula
and
ages.
35
and
above
we
were
under.
We
had
under
representation
from
tenants,
lower
income
folks
and
I've
specified
here.
What
I
mean
by
that
and
in
terms
of
annual
income,
black
african
american
respondents,
folks
who
live
in
the
upper
peninsula,
james
island
and
then
youth,
so
age,
24
and.
A
A
What
people
are
experiencing
now
and
then
group
together
the
questions
that
look
forward
and
to
recommendations
and
for
the
for
the
plan,
so
starting
with
flooding,
20
or
20
percent,
responded
that
their
home
or
property
has
been
damaged
by
flooding
in
the
past.
This
was
higher
for
youth,
tenants
and
lower
income
respondents.
A
A
That
amount
was
double.
That
percentage
was
double
for
black
and
african
american
respondents.
Lower
income
respondents,
youth
and
tenants
for
housing,
mobility,
41
or
somewhat
are
very
concerned
about
being
able
to
stay
in
their
current
housing.
This
was
higher
for
black
and
african
american
respondents.
Upper
peninsula
respondents.
H
A
A
H
A
Or
just
great
question
there
there's
a
follow-up
question
to
that,
which
is
a
open-ended
response,
which
is
explaining
what
their
concern
is
or
lack
thereof,
and
so
we
have
that
information
that
just
have
not
compiled
it
yet,
but
it
was
from
what
I
remember
just
skimming
over
it.
It
was
a
mixture
of
economic
and
flooding
related.
A
They
had
double
the
percentages
for
citing
access
to
loans,
whether
it
be
business
or
education,
educational
loans
as
being
a
primary
as
as
being
a
hurdle
and
then
for
youth
and
lower
income
respondents
again
double
the
percentage.
When
it
came
to
lack
of
access
to
reliable
transportation,
then
we
did
ask
to
at
the
end
of
the
survey,
just
how
folks
have
been
impacted
by
covid
majority
chose
selected,
lost
income
or
change,
work,
location
or
commute,
followed
by
children's
education
being
negatively
impacted
for
black
african
american
respondents.
Low-Income
respondents,
youth
and
tenants.
A
A
So
now,
looking
forward,
starting
with
the
first
question,
which
I
apologize
to
everyone
who
took
the
survey,
I
heard
a
lot
of
feedback.
They
didn't
like
it
because
they
didn't
want
to
have
to
choose.
This
was
a
ranking
question.
We
forced
people
to
rank
these,
and
so
one
takeaway
from
this
is
that
all
of
I
I
hope
that
no
one
reads
this
as
the
items
on
the
bottom
of
the
list
not
being
important
to
quality
of
life.
A
E
A
As
apply
so
that
this
was
not
a
ranking,
so
you
can
see
here
where
we're
seeing
more
support
for
improve
and
maintain
drainage
infrastructure
and
with
the
least
support
for
prioritizing
areas
of
the
city
at
higher
elevation
for
higher
density
development.
This
was
consistent
with
all
underrepresented
categories,
so
there
wasn't
really
any
notable
differences.
A
A
There
was
generally
more
support
for
all
of
these
tools
from
black
african
american
respondents:
lower
income
respondents,
youth
tenants
and
upper
peninsula
residents
with
one
interesting
difference
for
the
strategy
of
encouraging
smaller
private
yards
and
more
shared
community
open
space.
Black
and
african
american
responded.
There
was
only
38
versus
what
you
see
here.
Being
fifty
percent
of
black
and
african
american
respondents
were
in
support
of
that
strategy.
A
Okay,
so
this
was
which
of
the
following.
Does
your
neighborhood
lack
that
you
wish
you
had
nearby
so
again,
all
of
these
things
are
great
things
to
have
nearby
that
thinking
about.
What's?
What's
maybe
lacking
and
one
thing
that
we'll
do
when
we're
putting
together
land
use
recommendations
for
each
area
of
the
cities,
we'll
break
this
down
by
zip
code
for
each
area
of
the
city.
So
we
can
see
those
differences,
but
this
is
just
city
wide
and
so
some
notable
differences
from
the
underrepresented
categories.
A
Black
and
african
american
respondents
selected
employment
options
and
offices
more
often
lower
income
respondents
selected
employment
options,
offices,
trade
workshops,
parks,
community
centers
and
cultural
institutions.
More
often
tenants
collected
employment
options,
offices,
trade
workshops,
grocery
stores,
cultural
institutions
more
often,
and
then
youth
collected
employment
options,
parks,
community,
centers,
grocery
stores
and
cultural
institutions.
I
A
All
underrepresented
groups,
with
the
exception
of
black
african-american
respondents,
a
higher
percentage
than
76
answered.
Yes,
46
responded
that
they
would
use
a
water
taxi
daily,
weekly
or
monthly
if
it
were
offered
as
a
public
transportation
option
so
less
than
half.
But
then,
when
you
looked
across
the
under
representative
categories,
that
flipped
and
it
was
consistently
over
half
for
all
of
those
underrepresented
categories
that
would
use
it
daily,
weekly
or
monthly
use
were
the
there's
the
highest
percentage
of
youth
that
responded
daily
three
times
higher
than
the
overall.
A
D
A
A
So
some
of
here
are
some
of
the
takeaways
from
how
how
the
housing
challenges
have
been
defined,
so
gentrification
and
displacement
being
a
loss
of
physical
and
cultural
sense
of
place
that
a
lot
of
the
challenges
and
the
cost
of
home
maintenance,
especially
for
elderly
residents,
that
there's
high
eviction
rates.
So
it's
not
just
you
know:
housing
creation,
but
keeping
folks
in
housing,
but
they're
housing
barriers
beyond
costs,
and
not
just
looking
at
affordability
when
people
can
afford
to
move,
they
often
get
stuck
in
substandard
housing.
A
All
household
sizes
allowing
for
a
mixture
of
housing
types
and
neighborhoods
looking
to
wagner
terrace
and
old
windermere
is
great
examples
of
that
building
up
and
in
not
out
so
avoiding
sprawl,
allowing
smaller
homes
and
smaller
lots,
encouraging
sustainability
and
creativity
prioritizing
investing
in
long-time
black
residents
and
business
owners
looking
into
the
impact
of
board
of
architectural
review
standards.
So
there
was
an
agreement
on
what
the
impact
is
so
recommendation
to
look
into
that
provide
support
and
education
to
tenants,
collaborate,
regionally,
it's
a
regional
problem,
so
it
needs
regional
solutions.
A
A
K
Well-
and
I
also
think
it's
an
education
process
problem
because
people
think
about,
for
example,
mix
of
housing
types.
You
know
they
don't
realize
that
they're
very
productive
neighborhoods
that
have
these
right
now
and
they
just
see
them
as
all
single-family
residential
until
they
get
in
there,
and
so
we
have
a
kind
of
a
black
white
issue.
K
If
you
will
that's
like
either
a
single-family
residential,
neighborhood
or
high-rise
apartment
complex,
and
when
they're
asked
a
question
like
this,
they
pick
the
either
or
and
not
realize
the
middle,
which
is
I've
been
so
you
know,
educated
on
missing
middle
and
people,
don't
realize
that
really
does
exist
in
some
neighborhoods
right
now.
So
I
think
part
of
the
answers
are
an
education
process
too.
So
I
want
to
be
careful
as
we
interpret
them.
You
know.
Thank
you.
E
All
right
well,
thank
you.
Chloe
welcome
and
hello
happy
new
year
to
everyone
for
the
meeting.
I
hope
everyone
had
a
great
and
safe
holiday.
Our
team,
along
with
the
planning
department,
have
been
compiling
and
and
winding
down
the
phase,
one
engagement
session
for
the
city
plan.
So
what
you
see
on
this
slide
are
some
of
the
overall
themes
that
we
gleaned
from
the
the
notes
that
we
all
transcribed
and
siphoned
through.
E
First,
we
saw
that
overall,
a
lot
of
people
wanted
a
multimodal
transit
improvement
to
make
sure
there's
modes
of
transportation
for
everyone's
lifestyle.
Everyone
does
not
have
a
car.
Some
people
are
relegated
to
using
public
transportation.
Some
people
as
chloe
shared
in
one
of
the
previous
slides
use
rideshare,
so
they
want
to
have
multimodal
transit
improvements
that
can
accommodate
all
those
things.
Of
course,
the
usual
suspect
of
flooding
and
drainage
was
a
theme
we
heard
throughout
no
matter
what
part
of
the
city
that
we
were
in.
E
E
E
A
lot
of
people
enjoy
living
here
in
charleston.
However,
they
feel
as
though,
as
the
city
grows.
Sometimes
the
ability
for
everybody
to
enjoy
all
of
the
the
benefits
of
charleston
is
not
made
available
to
everyone,
and
then
there
was
the
theme
of
cultural
preservation.
We
are
in
a
historic
city
and,
as
such,
people
want
to
maintain
that
image
that
identity,
while
they
also
recognize
that
growth
and
development
also
somewhat
changes
that
landscape,
but
they
do
want
an
effort
to
be
put
forth
to
maintain
what
made
charleston
a
home
for
them
next
slide.
E
Again
we
see
a
lot
of
the
new
buildings
and
what
not
being
built-
and
I
think
folks
were
saying
that
they
wanted
to
also
maintain
some
of
the
aesthetic
that
currently
exists
within
the
peninsula.
For
james
island.
We
saw
that
flooding
again
was
a
concern
among,
amongst
others,
for
the
historic
african-american
communities
out
on
the
island,
transportation,
infrastructure,
safety,
pedestrian
and
bike
rider
accessibility.
E
They
also
spoke
about
inconsistencies
in
coordinating
between
the
towns,
city
and
county
regarding
public
services.
They
expressed
concern
regarding
the
scale
and
location
of
development.
They
felt
that
it
was
too
large
and
too
fast
john's
island.
They
wanted
preservation
of
the
existing
identity,
rural
agricultural
of
the
island
and
its
communities.
E
E
In
west
ashley,
west
ashley,
we
saw
an
appreciation
of
connectivity.
Although
there
are
still
areas
of
improvement,
they
would
like
to
see
increased
marketing
of
the
area
to
businesses
for
economic
development,
improved
economic
development
and
also
increased
diverse
housing
options
for
the
area,
which
kind
of
speaks
to
what
I
think
madonna
was
talking
about.
It
may
be
an
educational
option
for
the
kane
hoy
peninsula,
wando
area
and
daniel
island.
We
had
the
preservation
of
the
jack
promise
community,
all
along
with
local
green
spaces,
protect
the
longleaf
pine
forest.
D
Good
afternoon,
everyone
thank
you
aj.
So
one
of
the
one
of
the
things
that
we
were
very
adamant
about
is
making
sure
that,
when
we
think
of
diversity,
we
don't
automatically
think
of
african
americans
or
the
or
those
of
african
descent.
So
we
live
in
a
very
diverse
city
and
oftentimes.
We
might
have
our
blinders
on,
but
there
are
other
communities
outside
of
that
of
white
and
black
that
do
live
with.
Amongst
us
of
that
is
the
hispanic
and
latinx
community,
and
so
we
partnered
well.
D
So
we
were
able
to
do
this
with
artpot
and
so,
which
is
a
hispanic
nonprofit
organization
that
focuses
on
serving
the
latinx
and
hispanic
community,
specifically
grassroots
as
well.
This
is
a
great
partnership,
and
this
is
very
big
for
the
city
for
this
year.
So
what
we
did
hear
from
them
specifically
was
something
that's
you
know
it's
not
a
surprise.
They
are
just
like
all
of
us.
They
want
a
sense
of
community
and
they
want
to
feel
connected
to
the
city.
D
Not
all
that
not
all
of
the
hispanic
community
speaks
the
same
language
and
they
often
have
concerns
about
their
documentation,
so
they
might
not
be
as
as
visual
as
visual
as
attending
things,
because
they're
concerned
of
what
may
happen
if
they
go
to
that
versus
a
sense
of
welcoming
there,
because
we're
speaking
of
the
charleston
area
majority,
if
of
hispanic
community
and
latinx
live
in
the
johns
island
area.
So
the
rural
community
and
centrality
to
benefits
of
life
really
are
important
to
them,
and
that's
provided
in
that
space.
D
However,
in
that
the
quality
of
streets,
the
lack
of
lighting
and
the
poor
signage
are
problem
areas
in
which
they
need
to
be
able
to
know
where
they're
going
and
how
to
get
there.
They
also
desire
a
place
when
it
comes
to
outside,
with
parks
and
recreation,
a
space
that
more
highlights
them
to
be
able
to
commune
with
their
families
and
youth
their
the
specific
ideas
are
soccer
fields.
D
It's
no,
that's
not
a
surprise
to
many
that
is
very
huge
in
their
culture,
as
well
as
baseball
fields,
libraries
and
places
for
work.
They
are
also
looking
at
bike
lanes
and
sidewalks
would
be
helpful
on
the
main
streets,
especially
to
connect
neighborhoods
and
at
the
high
school
as
well.
Personally,
a
quote
that
was
taken
is
that
you
know
gentrification
hurts.
D
They
also
feel
like
the
city
should
invest
and
welcome
the
hispanic
and
latinx
community
because
they
feel
that
they
want
they
want
to
feel
like
this
is
their
home
and
they
want
to
feel
connected.
They
want
to
feel
welcomed
in
this
space,
especially
as
they
continue
to
root
themselves
here
and
their
children
begin
to
grow.
D
As
we
moved
into
the
community-led
sessions,
this
was
an
opportunity
for
other
organizations
within
the
community
outside
the
city
to
host
meetings.
Again,
this
would
be
just
like
the
hispanic
latinx
community,
which
was
an
affinity
group
because
it
was
only
focused
on
there.
These
were
infinity
groups
that
could
be
organizations
that
serve
the
african-american
community
or
specific
areas
of
focus
within
the
community.
D
So
those
organizations
are
here
as
listed,
the
american
institute
of
architects,
the
seco
group
center
for
airs
property,
charleston
area,
justice
ministry,
charleston,
climate
coalition,
coastal
conservation
league
community,
consul
solutions,
consulting
enough
pi,
low
country,
black
parents,
association,
low
country,
local,
first
and
preservation,
society
of
charleston.
All
of
these
areas
focus
on.
D
Obviously,
the
architects
and
structure
airs
property
when
it
pertains
to
african-americans
and
heirs
property
and
how
that's
connected
you
all
should
know
that
charleston
area
justice
ministry
is
a
connection
of
various
congregations
within
the
city
of
charleston
that
they
were
covering
that
they
brought
together
to
make
sure
that
voice
was
heard.
Obviously,
climate.
We
know
about
conservation
league
and
the
lowcountry
black
parent
association
and
community
solutions.
D
Consulting
partner
together
to
specifically
host
infinity
groups,
focused
on
the
african-american
and
black
community
and
located
local
first,
is
about
small
businesses
and
obviously
focusing
on
local
connection
and
local
buying.
And
then
we
have
the
preservation
society
of
all
of
these
groups,
which
were
11
that
came
together.
They
held
a
combination
of
virtual
and
socially
distance
sessions
that
totaled
283
people
that
they
reached.
D
The
themes
of
the
community-led
sessions
were
focused
on
the
need
for
more
diversity,
with
community
engagement
for
african-american,
latinx
and
hispanic
communities,
the
lack
of
literacy
about
the
city
and
its
offerings,
meaning
that
there's
there
may
be
an
assumption
that
people
know
that
residents
and
community
members
know
what's
happening
within
the
city,
but
that
is
not
the
same.
They
don't
always
know
what's
happening
or
what
the
offerings
are,
and
so
that
disconnect
impacts
the
way
people
live
and
engage
from
a
historical
context
here
in
the
charleston
area.
D
Multi-Mold
excuse
me:
transportation
options
are
needed,
safe
bus
stops
and
bus
routes
should
support
people
who
actually
use
the
service
every
day
outside
of
musc.
For
example,
we
have
multiple
bus
stops,
but
they're
not
always
in
a
safe
location
or
some
of
them
are
covered
and
some
are
not
and
then
also
the
actual
bus
routes.
There's
there
was
a
there
was
a
concern
of
how
long
it
takes
for
the
buses
to
come
back
through.
D
So
often
people
are
waiting
up
to
an
hour
to
two
hours
or
having
to
space
that
in
between
and
when
you're
trying
to
come
for
a
shift
or
trying
to
get
someplace.
That's
an
issue,
so
their
desire
is
to
here
to
have
multiple
options
for
transportation,
so
people
can
get
around
very
quickly
and
effectively
in
the
community,
affordable
housing
that
will
support
working
class.
There's
a
they
feel
like
there's
a
disconnect
between
developers
being
accountable
for
if
they're
going
to
build
a
hotel
or
other
buildings.
D
When
it
comes
to
small
businesses,
they
are
impacted
due
to
flooding
a
lot
of
times
they
have
to
shut
down
and
they
have
to
reap
that
deficit
that
they
lose
due
to
the
flooding
in
the
area.
They
really
feel
like.
We
should
hold
developers
accountable
if
or
excuse
me,
I'm
sorry.
I
went
up
too
high.
They
feel
like
there
should
be
some
options
for
free
parking
for
their
employees,
as
well
as
no
meters
after
business
hours,
and
also
again
providing
diverse
transportation
options.
D
There's
also
encourage
more
ways
to
protect
areas
from
flooding
beyond
retention
ponds
and
seek
balance
between
quality
of
built
environment
and
associated
cost,
and
then
cultural
preservation
when
it
comes
to
african-american
native
history
and
indigenous
lands
and
communities
ensuring
that
as
we're
building
and
expanding
here
in
charleston,
that
we're
remind
we're
reminded
just
the
same
way.
We
would
be
for
lan
that
there
is
a
desire
to
preserve
african
american
native
history
and
indigenous
lands
and
the
community
for
a
sense
of
home
and.
D
Community,
so
our
takeaways
overall
is
what
seems
to
be
an
overlying
running
from
all
of
the
sessions
that
were
held.
Is
that
there's
an
overwhelming
consensus
to
see
consistency
between
the
words
and
and
actions
of
the
city
in
this
plan,
so
there's
a
desire
to
if,
if
people
are
participating,
they
want
to
make
sure
that
whatever
they
they
shared
or
desire
to
see
shows
up
in
a
codifying
way
to
the
to
affect
their
lives
in
a
better
way
based
on
the
actions
or
responses
to
what
was
shared.
D
There's
more
work
to
be
done
and
there's
an
understanding
with
that,
as
it
relates
to
improving
diversity
and
community
relationships.
The
community
honestly
just
wants
to
see
that
there's
a
ongoing
communication
and
engagement
that
happens
with
between
the
city
and
all
the
things
that
are
happening,
as
well
as
with
the
residents
the
importance
of
synergy
between
the
city
departments.
With
regards
to
the
plan.
D
There's,
if
questions
come
up,
then
it's
connected
to
another
department
they
feel
like
it
would
be
great
if
all
departments
or
representative
would
be
connected,
so
that
all
those
questions
or
any
thoughts
can
be
shared
at
that
time.
Again,
with
engagement
and
communications
lining
the
overall
feedback,
safety
means
different
things
to
different
people.
The
safety
of
some
is
often
prioritized
over
the
safety
of
other
others.
D
When
it
comes
to
planning
efforts,
we
all
they.
We
also
heard
a
desire
for
the
city
to
solicit
more
authentic
engagement,
feedback
and
input
from
communities
impacted
by
the
plan,
and
the
overall
goal
is
just
again.
Communications
and
engagement
continue
to
communicate,
because
you
can't
do
one
without
the
other
and
that's
all
the
residents
are
really
asking
for,
and
just
for
an
understanding
overall
that
they
want.
D
E
All
right,
thank
you,
satika,
so
in
round
two,
the
objective
would
be
to
share
the
findings
from
the
analysis
in
round
one
engagement
present
a
draft
plan
recommendations
and
then
gather
feedback.
Our
goals
in
round
two
would
be
to
engage
with
populations
who
were
not
involved
with
round
one
as
chloe
shared
on
an
earlier
slide.
We
knew
that
we
had
an
over
representation
in
predominantly
white
communities
and
higher
socioeconomic
statuses.
E
Our
intention
in
round
two,
however,
is
to
not
necessarily
ignore
those
communities.
We
will
definitely
double
back
and
and
re-engage
them,
but
we'll
also
divert
a
lot
more
of
our
efforts
into
making
sure
that
we
get
a
greater
percentage
of
tenants,
younger
individuals,
members
of
the
african-american
community,
also
members
of
the
older
communities
as
well,
and
any
of
the
geographic
areas
within
the
city
that
might
not
have
been
hit
to
the
fullest.
E
We
want
to
build
on
the
momentum
of
the
engagement
for
round
one.
We
feel
that,
although
covet
19
has
definitely
hampered
a
lot
of
the
engagement
efforts
and
as
we
see
the
numbers
continuing
to
spike,
we
do
want
to
come
up
with
a
creative
strategy
to
make
sure
that
people
know
that
this
plan
is
still
being
developed
and
that
they're
still
being
included
and
their
impact
input
and
feedback
is
still
desired.
E
I
do
want
to
take
the
time
also
to
to
thank
the
planning
department
for
their
extreme
flexibility
and
support
in
us
being
able
to
engage
in
round
one.
It
was
not
by
any
stretch
of
the
imagination
and
easy
task
and,
as
I
think,
all
of
us
on
this
call
can
attest
to,
we
are
definitely
in
different
times
in
terms
of
how
public
contact
and
communication
takes
place.
K
K
K
Even
though
we
have
to
look
at
all
these
elements
and
speak
to
them
and
there's
some
of
these
elements
that
have
greater
importance
or
resonate
greater
with
a
certain
population
in
a
certain
part
of
the
city,
that's
kind
of
a
comment,
and
I'm
glad
to
hear
that
we're
doing
round
two,
because
I've
had
a
brief
conversation
with
chloe
about
that.
Because
oftentimes
I
mean
it
took
me
a
long
time
to
understand
what
a
comprehensive
plan
was.
So
I'm
sure
just
the
average
citizen
doesn't
really
know
how
to
get
their
head
around.
K
K
So
I'm
I'm
glad
there's
going
to
be
round
two
with
with
a
synthesis
of
these
themes
and
ideas
getting
back
into
the
community,
but
I've
also
had
this
thought
that
sometimes
quantity
of
people
is
not
as
important
as
quality
of
people
and
what
I
mean
by
that
is
to
make
sure
that
we've
identified
this
underrepresented
group.
Do
we
even
know
who
they
are
and
are?
Are
there
any
leaders
within
that
group
two
or
three
people
who
have
connections
into
the
community?
K
K
K
I
think
everybody
on
the
call
knows
that
we
don't
know
some
of
these
things,
but
how
are
we
going
to
effectively
get
there
get
to
the
leaders?
Have
them
review
this
stuff
and
I'm
gonna
stop
there,
because
otherwise
it
starts
becoming
a
big
distracted
conversation
around
this.
From
my
point
of
view,
thank
you.
E
E
Our
exam,
the
possibility
of
having
kind
of
a
quick
hit
educational
model
module
for
people
who
we
will
engage
with
that
had
no
familiarity,
no
contact
with
the
first
round,
because
we
know
coming
in
to
say:
hey:
do
you
want
to
participate
in
something
that
they
have
no
familiarity
with
is
going
to
be
just
like
cold
calling?
However,
I
think,
because
we
have
now
compiled
a
draft
report
and
we
have
this
presentation.
K
Thank
you
for
that
aj
and
I
I
want
to
reiterate
my
commitment
I'll,
be
there
to
listen.
I've
been
trying
to
do
that.
I've
been
working
with
chloe
on
the
settlement
community
aspect,
which
is
a
little
subset
of
all
this,
and
I've
met
a
lot
of
new
people
and
and
found
some
people
who
have
given
us
a
lot
of
good
information
and
feedback.
So
I'm
still
committed
to
that.
I
just
wanted
to
also
add
a
comment,
because
this
is
something
to
tikka
said,
and
I
found
it
also.
K
Part
of
the
interesting
discussion
is
that
safety
means
different
things
to
different
people
and,
most
of
the
time
when
we
talk
about
safety,
we
just
think
about
crime
and
safety
isn't
just
about
crime.
It's
about
feeling
comfortable
that
my
roof
isn't
going
to
leak.
When
I
couldn't
sleep
at
night,
or
you
know
feeling
that
you
know,
I
won't
be
flooded
when
it
floods,
so
there's
different
levels
of
safety
and
I'm
glad
that
y'all
are
expanding.
K
That
definition
to
people,
because
I
think
it's
real
important
that
we
understand
it's
things
aren't
just
you
know,
myopic,
criminal
and
and
crime
can
be
just
like.
My
neighbor
is
complaining
about
my
yard.
All
the
time
there's
just
a
social
pressure
of
I've
been
I'm
made
to
feel
uncomfortable
in
my
neighborhood.
K
D
It
does
make
a
big
difference
and
just
to
add
on
to
the
last
thing
that
you
said,
I
think
that's
very
important
for
people
to
understand
community
is
different.
The
word
community
is
used
different
at
for
different
groups
of
people,
so
within
people
of
color
community
is
a
sense
of
it's
all
things.
It's
f!
It's
family!
It's
neighborhood!
It's
zip
code!
It's
my
friends!
It's
everything!
That's
community
when
and
non-uh
majority
of
white
communities,
or
that
we
heard
with
dialogue,
might
use
neighborhood
and
think
of
community.
D
K
And
I'm
going
to
add
that's
a
strong
point,
because
something
y'all
said
about
john's
island
wanted
to
stay
rural
and
agricultural
and
not
charleston
2.0
can't
put
a
square
peg
in
a
round
hole.
I
mean
we
need
to
respect
the
this
basic
character
was
actually
quite
suburban,
daniel
island
very
planned
community,
the
peninsula,
organic
and
old
and
historic
james
island
once
again,
a
suburban
but
at
a
different
level,
john's
island,
rural,
but
but
changing.
So
we
need
to
respect
that
description.
K
If
you
will
of
these,
what
the
mayor
has
called
burrows
before
we
just
try
to
cram
a
plan
of
a
square
peg
and
a
round
hole
to
all
of
them.
We
need
to
understand
their
individualities
first
and
I
think
that's
coming
out
loud
and
clear
in
those
listening
sessions
and
then
some
of
that
compilation
of
things
that
y'all
laid
out
and
then
it
helps
us
plan
around
that
community
that
lives
on
john's
island.
You
know
so
thank
you
for
that.
B
Yeah
and-
and
I
just
wanted
to
say
to
the
team
here-
how
much
how
grateful
I
am
for
this
outreach.
I
think
it's
safe
to
say
that
this
is
the
most
aggressive
outreach
we've
done
on
a
city
plan
christopher.
You
could
probably
speak
to
that
better
than
anybody
on
this
particular
at
this
particular
meeting,
but
I
think
for
me
the
phase
two
as
important
as
phase
one
has
been
phase.
B
Two
might
be
more
important
because
now
you
know,
we've
we've
got
a
draft
or
we've
got
some
ideas
and
now
we
need
to
go
test.
Those
and-
and
I
think
I
think
the
importance
I
mean
there
are
every
phase
is
important,
so
I
don't
want
to
overstate
this,
but
but
getting
a
diverse
group
of
people
from
all
parts
of
the
city
looking
at
what
our
drafts
are
might
be
even
more
effective
because
you
know
giving
people
a
blank
sheet
of
paper
and
saying
okay,
what
do
you
want
is
can
be
difficult.
B
I
mean
I
I
participated
in
our
meeting
here
on
james
island
and,
and
you
know,
the
the
discussion
was
great.
It
was
a
great
meeting,
but
it
was
you
know,
kind
of
all
over
the
map
and
not
really
focused.
Well
now,
you
know,
as
ms
jacobs
said,
the
getting
people
to
understand
what
a
comp
plan
is,
can
be
difficult
so
now,
when
they,
when
they
see
what
a
draft
looks
like
and
to
see
the
kinds
of
things
we're
addressing,
I
think,
being
able
to
respond
to
the
draft
ideas
that
are
being
put
out.
E
Thank
you,
and
I
do
want
to
reiterate
that
we
are
so
appreciative
of
the
planning
department
because
again
planning
for
engagement
in
a
pandemic,
I
think
is
rather
unprecedented
and
especially
when
folks
are
afraid
of
physical
contact,
and
you
know,
of
course,
this
virus
and
its
impact.
But
we
still
saw
a
lot
of
people
in
all
of
the
sessions
who
were
truly
committed
to
seeing
this
plan,
be
something
that's
beneficial
for
all.
So
I
want
to
say
that.
D
I
think
that,
on
top
of
that
harry
what
you
might
have,
since
we
really
tried
hard
to
ensure
that,
within
these
spaces,
that
we
had
an
hour
and
a
half
of
everybody's
attention
that
it
felt
like
community,
it
felt
like
connection
that
we
were
engaging.
You
know,
noticing
things
on
people's
screens
pulling
out
stuff.
You
know
trying
to
create
that
sense
of.
D
If
you
were
in
person,
we
would
be
noticing
you
but
to
know
that
you're,
not
just
in
a
virtual
space
disconnected
but
we're
trying
to
create
community
as
much
as
possible
in
this
time
that
we
have.
I
think
that
helped
to
break
down
some
barriers
and
maybe
created
that
space
area,
where
you
said
like
people
were
all
over.
Maybe
people
felt
excited
just
be
able
to
share
with
people
about
what
they
were
going
through
and
to
hear
those
like-minded
conversations
and
challenges
and
also
pluses
that
they
love
about
charleston.
D
B
E
I
A
D
L
Yeah
yeah-
I
I
just
wanted
to
amplify
that.
I
think
that's
critical
as
harry
said
earlier,
and
I
think
what
you're
going
to
find
what
you
will
probably
find
in
some
of
these
communities.
It's
just
that
what
they
are
most
afraid
of
is
that
with
all
of
the
development
moving
on
and
down
in
the
peninsula
and
other
fringes
of
the
city
is
that
that
their
community
will
not
get
the
same
type
of
attention
and
still
be
called
their
community.
L
L
So
preserving
their
history,
their
enabling
history
is
important,
and
so,
when
aj,
I
bet
he
and
ms
robbins.
When
you
go
back,
I
think
that
is
the
thing
that
has
to
be
amplified
that
they
knew
and
and
they
they
may
not
say
that.
But
I
can
tell
you
that
that's
what
they're
thinking
another
one
is,
I
don't
know
what
we're
doing
with
hugey
cainhord
basic.
L
They
have
been
trying
they've
been
talking
about,
they've,
been
talking
about
doing
a
development
in
an
area
for
for
years,
20
years,
30
years.
Maybe-
and
there
are
people
who
have
you
know
they
see
what
happened
with
daniel.
You
know
with
the
larger
part
of
daniel
island
but
they're
hamlet
in
a
part
of
that
neighborhood
of
that
of
that
area.
L
That's
what
they're
looking
for
that's
the
genuineness
that
will
give
this
credence
and
we'll
give
this
trust
and
confidence
that
they're,
not
that
their
neighborhood
is
not
going
to
be
built
up
and
they
be
left
out
of
it.
You
know
you
know
what
I'm
saying
is
for
a
place
like
cane
home,
for
example.
L
L
People
that
help
build
the
communities
will
be
recognized
and
that
legacy
will
be
there
for
the
for
the
young
people
that
still
live
there.
We
can
see
that
so
I
think
that
that
that's
that
is
critical,
but
otherwise,
I
think
I've
everything
you've
said
the
reports
have
come
out
have
admitted
a
lot
of
sense.
I
think
chloe
has
worked
very
hard,
miss
chloe,
and
if
that
continues,
then
it's
everybody
wins.
G
G
I
think
even
there's
a
difference
between
donna,
your
neighborhood
and
the
neighborhoods
that
are
a
planned
neighborhood
that
has
been
marketed
for
years
and
you
know
really
recently
in
years
to
sell
homes
as
a
it's,
a
commercial
and
there's
a
lot
of
there's
a
lot
of
money
and
effort
behind
those
neighborhoods
and
so
and
a
lot
of
rules
and
a
lot
of
other
things
that
are
really
different.
So
I
think
what
I
heard
in
mr
bine's
comment
that
was
so
strong.
Is
that
a
lot
of
the
neighborhoods
that
are
not?
G
They
don't
want
to
be
the
planned
neighborhood
of
the
new
neighborhoods,
but
they
do
want
to
be
acknowledged
for
their
structure,
what
they
have
and
not
just
seen
as
something
waiting
to
be
planned.
But
it's
something
that
already
does
have
a
planning.
So
I
think
I
thought
that
was
something
that
really
came
up.
G
How
can
the
planning
department?
How
can
the
planning
process
be
a
a
place
that
that
one
of
the
safeties
that
we
protect
is
the
dignity
of
all
the
people?
So
with
that,
thank
you
so
much.
This
has
been
such
a
pleasure
and
it
just
the
the
principles
that
you
all
set
out
from
the
beginning.
Watching
those
really
be
held
up
and
and
utilized
has
just
been
amazing,
and
I've
really
been
honored
to
be
on
this
team
and
to
be
with
all
of
y'all.
A
Thanks
everyone
so
much
for
your
great
commentary
and
thank
you
eddie
for
also
sharing
for
everyone
who
does
not
everyone
here
who
does
not
know
eddie
he's
the
manager
of
the
city's
rehabilitation
programs
has
been
with
the
city
for
a
very
long
time
so
appreciate
eddie
for
being
here
and
for
sharing
that
we
have
a
lot
still
to
cover
updates
from
our
housing
analysis,
team
and
our
water
and
land
use
team.
So
I'll
go
ahead
and
jim
do
you
want
me
to
share
the
slides
again
or
would
you
like?
Would
you
prefer
to.
A
A
J
Hello,
yeah,
okay,
now
it's
okay
yeah!
So
I
I
think
it's
fine!
If
you
share
the
slot
they're
they're
in
the
same
slideshow
that
you
were
showing
before
so
you
don't
mind
sure,
and
I'm
just
going
to
turn
it
over
to
our
housing
analysis,
consultants
with
community
data
platforms.
Well,
actually,
chloe!
You
might
need
to
refresh
your
screen
because
I
was,
I
was
playing
with
it
a
little
bit
during
the.
J
M
Hey
everybody,
my
name
is
remy
beverage.
Thanks
for
the
introduction,
jim,
I
am
a
project
manager
for
community
data
platforms
and
with
me
I
have
anna
tap.
She
is
our
lead
data
scientist,
and
so
we
will
be
giving
an
update
on
the
housing
analysis
and
then
fielding
any
questions
that
come
up
or
comments
concerns
any
of
the
above,
and
so
we
just
kind
of
to
talk
about
it.
You
just
heard
a
lot
about
of
the
the
stories
that
are
being
told
by
the
community.
M
Members
and
kind
of
where
we
came
in
is
talking
about
the
story
that
the
housing
stock
itself
tells
and
how
that
plays
into
the
comprehensive
plan.
So
go
ahead,
jim
all
right.
So
the
first
story
that
we
want
to
talk
about
is
the
current
housing
stock,
and
so,
as
you
can
see,
we
have
we
decided
to
look
at
the
households
in
2020.
M
The
projected
households
in
2030,
as
the
conference
of
plan,
is
for
10
years
and
those
numbers
were
developed
by
the
population
projections
that
we
got
from
the
city
and
we
also
took
into
account
the
current
number
of
units
and
then
one
piece
that
we
know
to
be
really
important
based
on
the
city
plan
is
zoning,
and
so
what
anna
did
was
took
a
deep
dive
into
charleston's
zoning
codes
and
was
able
to
do
an
analysis
on
what
was
the
maximum
number
of
units
allowable
by
current
zoning.
So
is
this
something
that
needs
updated?
M
Is
this
something
that
needs
change
to
account
for
the
number
of
people
that
will
be
here
in
2030.?
So,
as
you
can
see,
we
have
about
84
000
households
in
2020,
97
000
projected
households
in
2030.
We
have
93
000
current
number
of
units,
but
then
we
have
there's
a
lot
of
room
for
zoning.
You
can
see,
as
that
number
is
almost
174
000
units.
J
But
I
think
one
one
thing
to
note
here
as
well
with
this,
you
see
this
huge
number
maximum
number
of
units
allowable
a
lot
of
that
includes
things
that
aren't
homes.
Of
course.
So
we
have,
you
know
we
have
residential
density,
that's
allowed
in
our
zoning
code
for
industrial
properties
and
things
that
aren't
being
utilized
as
housing,
but
are
still
going
to
be
included
in
that
count.
K
M
M
M
Okay
and
so
then,
here
we
have
broken
down
the
total
housing
stock
by
zoning
category
and
for
the
purposes
of
presenting
it,
we
worked
with
the
planning
department
to
break
down
into
different
categories.
So
obviously
there
are
more
than
these
seven
options
of
zoning,
so
there's
more
than
commercial,
mixed
use,
industrial,
daniel
island
and
so
on.
But
for
the
purposes
of
presentation
we
decided
to
group
into
these
zoning
categories,
so
you
can
see
that
how
the
different
zoning
categories
are
seen
in
different
areas
in
charleston.
M
Okay,
so
really
quickly.
Just
to
understand
this
analysis.
On
the
right
hand,
side
you'll
see
a
picture
of
a
beaker,
and
this
is
for
illustrative
purposes
only
so
how
the
blue
goes
into
the
875
and
how
it's
measured
up.
That
is
not
directly
indicative
of
the
numbers
in
charleston.
This
is
just
for
illustrative
purposes,
and
so
just
wanted
to
frame
by
saying
that.
M
So
again,
as
we
said,
over
40
of
charleston
households
are
cost
burdened,
which
means
that
over
40
percent
of
them
are
spending
more
than
30
percent
of
their
pre-tax
income
on
housing
needs,
and
so
how
we
can
take
this
illustration
is
that
it's
a
compounding
effect
and
that
when
people
are
forced
there's,
if
there's
not
enough
inventory,
there's
not
enough
supply
for
them
in
their
affordable
bracket,
they
have
to
then
jump
into
the
next
bracket.
So
what
this
illustration
shows
is
that
there
are
the
blue
level.
M
That's
how
many
households
need
affordable
housing
within
the
range
of
0
to
625,
but
there's
only
so
many
affordable
housing
options.
So
what
happens?
Is
these
people
have
to
jump
into
the
next
and
they
take
away
some
of
the
inventory
from
the
people
who
would
have
an
affordable
range
from
625
to
875
and
just
a
little
bit
more
context?
These
numbers
came
from
the
ami
values
that
the
the
planning
and
housing
department
use
most
often
so
then,
just
to
continue
on
that
illustration,
we
can
see
now
we're
actually
looking.
M
The
red
range
of
people
are
those
who
their
affordable
housing
would
be
between
625
and
875
dollars,
and
so,
when
they
get
poured
in
most
of
their
stock
is
already
gone,
and
so
what
they
have
to
do
is
then
they
jump
into
the
next
level
of
stock.
So
when
a
resident
spends
more
than
30
of
their
income,
they
pull
from
the
affordable
inventory
of
another
group
of
people.
M
And
again,
the
word
compounding
has
come
up.
This
has
a
compounding
effect
because
the
affordable
supply
becomes
smaller
and
smaller.
So
you
can
see,
even
in
this
case
the
people
who
are
kind
of
this
darker
blue
they're,
not
getting
any
of
their
affordable
housing
stock.
They
technically
should
be
where
the
red
is,
but
because
that
stock
has
already
been
taken,
they're
unable
to
find
affordable
housing
for
themselves.
M
Okay
and
so
we're
moving
on
into
looking
at
the
housing
supply
versus
the
income,
and
so
the
important
thing
to
preface
here
is
that
this
is
looking
at
supply
only
so
this
is
looking
at
the
number
of
units
that
would
be
affordable
for
a
certain
group
of
people.
It
is
not
matching
me
living
in
my
house
and
how
much
I
make
it's
just
looking
at
supply,
and
so
what
we
see
here
is
there
are
over
10
000
households
who
are
in
the
30
ami
bin
and
so
they're,
making
less
than
24
000
a
year.
M
Only
over
5
000
units
are
affordable,
are
affordable
for
them,
and
so
we
can
see
on
the
far
right
column.
We
see
this
big
mismatch,
so
there
is
a
need
for
over
5
000
units
for
that
incumbent,
and
so
that's
kind
of
how
you
read
this
chart
is
you
can
look
in
the
first
column
and
sweet,
we
see
the
ami
income
bins
and
they
go
up.
O
I
wanted
to
add
to
that
that
what
we
were
our
goal
for
this
is
to
determine
if
the
supply
and
the
policy
in
and
of
itself
were
sufficient
for
everybody
to
be
housed
at
an
affordable
rate,
and
it
is
a
completely
ideal
situation.
So
imagine
you
kicked
everybody
in
the
city
of
charleston
out
of
their
house,
and
you
tried
to
put
everybody
in
a
house
with
a
market
rate
that
they
could
afford
that
the
situation
in
charleston
right
now,
regardless
of
the
choices
people
make
it's
not
possible
to
do
that.
O
So
we
felt
like
that
would
be
a
very
helpful
starting
point
in
terms
of
planning
to
ensure
you
can
look
at
this,
and
you
could
see.
Are
the
number
of
units
even
available,
regardless
of
the
decisions
people
make
about
what
neighborhood
they
would
like
to
live
in,
what
school
district
they
would
like
to
live
in
just
as
a
whole
and
by
planning
district,
and
that
that
would
be
very
helpful
for
policy
and
planning
in
the
future.
O
H
H
I
think
the
way
I
should
interpret
that
is
that
if
we
somehow
could
fix
the
the
the
lowest
income
bucket
stock,
it
would
create
sort
of
a
self
leveling
upstream,
that
would
it
would
provide
more
opportunities
all
the
way
up,
maybe
into
the
50
percent,
the
60
percent
etc.
Is
that
how
I
should
interpret
that.
O
H
A
Thank
you
can
I
would
that
be.
Can
I
add
to
that
yeah?
I
think
so.
Yes
and
that's
that's
not
all
you
know,
because
what
this
is
showing
and
did
a
good
job
of
explaining
this,
but
this
is
just
showing
do
the
units
exist
or
not.
It
does
not
talk
about
actual
availability,
so
whether
someone
else
is
living
there
or
not
whether
they
have
any
plans
of
moving
anytime
soon.
A
J
J
Okay,
we
have,
we
might
have
a
surplus
of
units
affordable
to
someone
making
100
ami,
but
if
you'll
flip
to
the
next
slide,
please
so
here
on,
these
numbers
are
taken
from
the
acs
so
they're,
not
they
don't
quite
match
up
with
what
cdp
has
produced
for
us,
but
I
think
they're,
a
good
reference
point
and
so
just
to
be
totally
clear,
they're
not
coming
from
the
same
sources
of
data,
but
you
know
just
as
a
reference
point.
I
think
they're
helpful.
J
So
here
you
can
see
that
you
know
they're
at
that
100
ami
level.
We
still
have
you
know
around
50
or
more
cost
burden
households
around
the
city.
So
I
think
what
you're
seeing
on
the
previous
slide
is
that,
while
we
might
have
units,
we
don't
have
the
people
that
are
making
that
bracket
occupying
a
lot
of
those
units,
and
so
that's
kind
of
the
idea.
We
we
wanted
to
kind
of
wrap
our
head
around.
M
And
I
think
the
other
way
to
frame
is
to
think
that
the
the
slide
previously
is
devoid
of
people's
choices
and
it's
devoid
of
outside
factors
except
for
the
available
units.
So
I
might
not
be
able
to
live
in
daniel
kinghoy
because
my
job
is
over
here
and
I
don't
have
adequate
transportation,
and
so
whatever
unit
may
not
be
available
to
me
in
that
situation.
But
the
previous
this
slide
is
solely
just
looking
at
me
as
having
a
certain
income
and
then
looking
at
the
housing
supply.
K
M
M
M
K
O
In
order
for
us
to
create,
you
know,
custom
aggregations
that
jive
with
your
planning
district,
so
our
commercial
data
sources
are
95
percent
of
households
at
the
at
a
grant
at
an
address
point
level.
So
in
that
way
we
were
able
to
aggregate
in
a
variety
of
ways
and
some
of
the
data
that
we're
going
to
be
providing
the
city
even
goes
down
to
neighborhood
in
terms
of
who's
there
and
what's
the
family
income
or
the
household
income,
like
that's,.
J
Another
important
note
is
to
eliminate
housing
cost
burdens
as
well.
So
you
know,
as
we've
shown,
the
city
as
a
whole,
and
the
individual
areas
of
the
city
are
heavily
cross-burdened,
some
more
so
than
others,
and
so
this
is
to
reduce
those
cost
burdens
back
to
30
percent.
So
this
is
another
idealized
scenario:
it's
not
to
keep
the
current
level
of
cost-burdenness.
A
Okay,
so
we
didn't
want
to
share
all
of
that
without
also
taking
a
look
at
how
the
city
has
been
doing
so
far
in
terms
of
generating
affordable
units
city-wide,
and
so
this.
This
data
here
is
reflective
of
all
affordable
housing
development,
whether
it's
the
city
of
charleston,
that's
doing
the
development
or
the
city
of
charleston
housing
authority
or
a
private
developer,
and
this
is
a
20-year
snapshot.
So
all
units
between
since
2000
year,
2000.
A
11
of
these
were
home.
Ownership.
89
were
rental,
8
percent
worth
for
the
area,
median
income
range
of
households
making
between
eighteen
hundred
fifty
percent
or
often
called
workforce
housing.
Twenty
percent
were
for
those
making
sixty
to
eighty
percent,
their
immune
income,
twenty
one
percent
making
for
those
making
thirty
to
sixty
percent
the
area,
immediate
income
and
fifty
one
percent
to
those
making
up
to
thirty
percent
of
the
area.
Median
income.
A
A
N
I
have
a
question
about
that.
So,
even
though
we're
looking
at
raw
numbers
of
what
units
are
either
affordable,
be
they
home
ownership
or
rental,
and
originally
in
this
car.
Originally
at
the
beginning,
we
talked
about
underrepresented,
so
on
a
on
a
on
a
basis
of
who
is
utilizing
our
units
that
are
that
are
partially
or
fully
funded
by
the
city.
Where
does
that
stand?
N
A
Gotcha,
I
do
not
have
an
answer
for
you
in
terms
of.
I
have
not
done
that
analysis,
but
I
will
say
that
the
number
of
units
that
expired
since
2000
would
have
been
higher
without
were
there
no
intervention?
So
there's
there
are
opportunities
for
intervention
to
preserve,
affordable
housing
units.
So
a
few
several
hundred
were
preserved
since
2000
it
kept
that
number
lower
than
it
could
have
been.
So
it's
not
a
done
deal,
it's
not
it
doesn't
it
doesn't
have
to
it
doesn't
have
to
expire.
A
E
F
A
A
K
I
I
do-
and
I
think
this
might
I
was
I
had
to
deal
with
something
for
a
minute,
so
this
might
have
to
back
up
on
erica's
question
is:
is
there
a
plan
as
these
expire
to
fill
the
bucket?
In
other
words,
there
needs
to
be
an
equilibrium
plan,
because
I
know
that
currently
there
have
been
some
plans
that
have
come
before
us.
Where
we've
been
you
know
given
affordable
housing
in
perpetuity
which
is
kind
of
a
new
thing.
K
K
So
I
think
we
need
to
think
about
what
I
would
call
an
equilibrium
plan
where
things
are
going
out
of
this
bucket
of
affordability
and
coming
into
this
bucket
as
we
move
forward
and
back
at
the
very
early
part
of
this
we
were
talking-
and
I
a
question
came
to
my
mind.
It
says
just
because
we
have
enough
by
zoning.
K
Is
it
enough
in
the
proper
places-
and
we
we
kind
of
I
kind
of
grazed
on
that
and
we
kind
of
said
something
about
that.
But
I
want
to
just
reiterate
that
that
we
have
to
make
sure
that
we
are
not
placing
affordable
units
in
places
where
there
isn't
a
transportation
hub
or
there
isn't.
The
work
like
for
a
lot
of
people
that
work
on
the
peninsula.
K
So
I
just
want
to
reiterate
that
point,
and
I
know
that
that
we're
looking
at
affordable
housing
here
now,
but
when
they
broke
down
the
zoning,
there
was
an
element
of
commerce
in
there
and
I
think
we
need
to
continue
to
think
about
about
affordable
commercial
space
too,
for
these
small
businesses
so
that
people
can
kind
of
live
work
and
play
if
they're
an
entrepreneur
in
the
same
space.
So
thank
you
for
those
that
opportunity
to
comment.
J
O
B
B
H
H
J
Yeah
I
just
I
just
wanted
to
add
that
we
really
appreciate
all
the
great
work
from
community
data
platforms
and
they've
been
a
pleasure
to
work
with,
and
I
know
the
engagement
team
got
some
shout
outs
earlier,
so
I
definitely
wanted
to
make
sure
these.
These
people
felt
the
love
too,
because
it's
it's
been
a
really
tough
project
and
you
know
we've.
We
have
insights
now
that
we've
never
had
before
and
more
more
coming
as
well.
M
So
I
think
one
of
the
the
biggest
insights
that
is
coming
is
cost
burdens,
taking
into
account
transportation,
and
so
one
of
the
stories
that
we
heard
from
jim
and
chloe
as
they
kind
of
relate
it
to
us,
was
that
yeah
cost
burden
as
taking
into
account.
Housing
is
part
of
it,
but
we
also
have
to
take
into
account
housing
and
transportation,
because
if
I
moved
way
out
to
get
cheaper
housing,
but
now
my
transportation
costs
had
increased.
M
J
And
then
I
think
the
the
underlying
data
sets
and
gis
deliverables
that
cdp
is
going
to
be
giving
us.
I
think
it
can't
be
understated
how
important
that's
going
to
be,
I
think,
for
us
and
for
the
housing
and
community
development
department,
they're
going
to
be
incredible
resources
that
we
can
go
to
to
answer
some
questions
that
we
didn't,
even
you
know,
have
the
capacity
to
ask
at
this
point.
M
Yeah
thanks
jim
and
cole,
you
guys
have
been
a
pleasure
to
work
with
you
and
I
always
look
forward
to
our
our
meetings.
So
we've
we've
really
learned
a
lot
too.
I
think
in
and
I've
had
multiple
conversations
about
different
ways
that
choice
does
play
in
right
and
that
kind
of
donna
like
you
were
talking
about.
M
K
Want
to
bounce
off
of
jim's
comment:
that's
good
to
hear
that,
in
addition
to
the
sort
of
overview
that
we've
been
giving
there's
specific
buckets
of
data
that
are
going
to
be
that
are
compiled
under
different
headings
or
analysis,
so
that
a
secondary
layer
of
analysis
can
be
put
on
that
you
know
maybe
this
time
next
year,
if
it's
necessary,
but
that
the
data
is
being
given
right
now
to
y'all.
For
that.
For
that
number
crunching,
that's
really
encouraging
to
hear.
So.
Thank
you
for
that.
B
I
this
just
really
highlights
to
me
the
necessity
of
emphasizing
transit,
oriented
development
like
that
that
that's
just
going
to
be
a
really
important
piece
of
the
future
of
this
city.
If
it's,
if
this
region's
going
to
work,
we're
going
to
have
to
combine
the
availability
of
transportation
with
the
availability
of
housing,
those
two
just
gotta
work
together.
So
you
know
from
my
standpoint:
that's
really
what
these
two
presentations
we've
heard
today,
sort
of
highlight
for
me
among
a
lot
of
other
things,
but
but
that's
an
important
one.
K
And
also
the
development
of
jobs,
we
go
out
and
market
to
bring
economic
growth
here
that
we
start
talking
about
well,
if
you're
going
to
build
a
hotel
somewhere-
and
we
know
that
we're
going
to
need.
You
know
workers
for
that
hotel.
What
are
your
thoughts
about
your
employees
and
how
they
can
be,
as
harry
mentioned,
transited
in
or
housed?
You
know
that
becomes
part
of
that
development
discussion
that
we
don't
just
you
know.
K
Okay
great,
we
have
a
new
hotel
with
job
opportunities,
but
everybody's
got
to
live
in
the
hinterland
to
get
there
that
doesn't
that
doesn't
help
in
the
in
all
the
problems
that
are
created
there.
Secondarily,
so
it's
good
to
hear
that
we
have
we're
going
to
have
that
information
to
begin
as
part
of
that
conversation
to
somehow
incentivize
economic
development
as
well
as
affordable
housing
within
that
you
know.
So
that's
really!
That's
good
good
news.
Thank
you.
So.
P
This
will
click
through
and
and
then
I'll
spend
a
little
more
time
on
on
some
zoom
ins,
because
I
know
this
screen
is
small
for
everyone
and
give
you
a
chance
to
ask
ask
some
questions
and
would
welcome
questions.
I've
also
got
lex
agnew
from
our
office
here
to
help
me
with
any
more
more
detailed
questions.
P
We
looked
at,
we
were
charged
to
look
at
the
land
and
water
context
in
charleston
for
the
cop
plan,
we
started
looking
at
elevation
zones
and
identifying
risk
for
various
different
types
of
of
water
water
risk
based
on
where
you
fall
in
relation
to
sea
level,
and
then
we
looked
at
the
watershed
impacts.
So
how
do
you
affect
your
surroundings
and
your
neighbors?
How
do
your
neighbors
impact
you,
your
upstream
neighbors?
P
How
does
your
runoff
affect
your
downstream
neighbors?
How
does
land
cover
within
your
watershed
effect
affect
flood
risk,
and
then
we
did
an
environmental
sensitivity
overlay
so
coming
up
from
the
sea,
you
have
marsh
migration,
some
other
sensitive
environments
along
the
coastal
edge
and
then
working
from
the
top
down.
You've
got
some
particularly
sensitive
upland
forest
conditions
and
otherwise
across
the
city
in
the
region.
Sensitivity
regarding
tree
cover
and
infiltration
in
the
soil,
different
types
of
soil
infiltration
for
runoff.
P
This
was
the
part
of
the
environmental
sensitivity
analysis
looking
at
marsh
migration
through
different
sea
level
rise
scenarios.
So
what
areas
are
are
at
risk?
What
marsh
current
marsh
areas
are
at
risk
of
being
lost
and
where
will
that
marsh?
Naturally,
try
to
migrate
as
sea
levels
are
projected
to
continue
to
rise.
P
P
I'll
just
hold
here
for
one
second,
one
of
the
one
of
the
key
balancing
acts
for
the
future
in
charleston.
Is
this
high
ground
condition?
So
in
many
in
many
environments
around
the
city,
the
highest
elevation,
the
highest
land
elevation,
corresponds
to
sensitive
ecologies,
sensitive
cultural
histories
and
also
sensitive
soil
types.
So
the
places
where
you
might
naturally
choose
to
concentrate
development
on
high
ground
have
a
suite
of
factors
that
need
to
be
balanced
and
weighed
against
those
choices.
P
So
we
also
looked
at
different
watershed
types
classified
watersheds
by
small
and
large,
that's
important,
because
the
larger
watersheds
tend
to
have
more
of
that
compounding
risk,
as
you
move
downstream
so
kind
of,
like
the
housing
analysis
showed.
If
you
have
that,
if
the
bottom
rung
of
the
ladder
is
overburdened,
you
have
compounding
risk
all
the
way
up,
similar
in
a
watershed,
depending
on
what
happens
at
the
top.
P
If
you're
running
off
too
much
water
at
the
top
of
the
watershed
that
flood
risk
compounds
all
the
way
down
and
if
you're
in
a
large
tidal
watershed,
the
the
increasingly
high
tides
coming
up
from
the
bottom
from
the
from
the
sea
can
compound
flood
risk
when
it
rains
all
the
way
up
through
that
system.
So
that
works
both
ways
within
the
watersheds.
We
looked
at
structure
types
and
vulnerabilities.
P
And
so
all
of
that
analysis
together
creates
this
sort
of
composite
view.
So
we've
we've
split
the
city
and
the
region
into
three:
basically,
three
zones,
a
high
ground,
an
adapt
zone
and
then
a
tidal
flood
risk
zone
within
each
of
those
zones.
There's
there's
a
differentiation
between
high
impact
and
low
impact.
That
is
properties
that
and
watersheds
where
that
compounding
risk
of
compounding
risk
is
greater,
relatively
greater
or
less.
P
P
So
working
from
the
bottom
up
from
that
tidal
zone,
you
have
the
coastal
edge
community.
This
is
the
marsh
salt
marsh
wetland
and
where
that
salt
marsh
will
tend
to
migrate
through
the
adapt
zone,
is
predominantly
a
lowland
flood
plain
and
then
working
up
the
sides
of
some
of
these
ridges
natural
old
barrier.
P
So
all
of
that
analysis
together
we
come
up
with
four
strategies,
grow,
defend,
adapt
and
reserve,
and
I
won't
get
into
too
much
specifics
here.
But
it's
not
these
four
strategies
don't
correspond
to
the
zones.
High
ground,
adapt
zone
and
tidal
flooding
zone
reserve,
for
instance,
runs
throughout.
We
talked
about
the
tree,
canopy
salt
marsh
and
upload
forest
and
adapt
can
mean
a
whole
suite
of
things
depending
on
where
you
are
these
these
zones.
P
I
should
say
these
zones
are
slightly
different
across
the
city.
High
ground,
adapt
zone,
tidal
flood
risk,
they
change
there's
a
couple
of
feet,
difference
perhaps
across
different
areas
based
on
local
characteristics,
so
that's
also
not
cut
and
dry.
This
is
a
pretty
nuanced
look
at
the
city,
so
broad
strokes
here.
Where
does
grow?
Defend
adapt
reserve
play
out
across
those
elevation
based
zones.
P
I
Very
quickly,
I
have
a
quick
question:
okay,
go
ahead,
thanks
donna,
the
the
map
that
she
showed,
probably
four
or
five
slides
back-
that
showed
the
drainage
and
the
poor
drainage
area,
which
was
predominantly
pink.
I
believe
at
least
that's
what
it
showed
up
on
my
device.
Is
that
taking
into
account
development
in
those
areas
or
is
it
just
the
condition
of
the
soil
underlying
the
development?
I
P
P
K
You
have
a
map,
that's
associated
with
your
colored
adapt
chart.
If
you
will
this
one,
is
there
an
overlay
map
that
shows
where
the
not
the
redevelopment
property,
but,
let's
say
undeveloped,
property
is
within
all
of
those
zones?
Is
there
a
map
that
overlays
that
that
you've
done
so,
in
other
words,
all
this
marsh
migration
area?
How
much
of
that
is
developed
now,
or
is
there
even
opportunities
there,
where
we
would
kind
of
make
a
policy
based
on
that.
P
I
don't
know
if
we've
produced
those
maps-
okay,
only
only
because
it's
so
fine-grained
right
and
especially
on
places
that
are
largely
built
out
where
it's
infill
based
development
or
redevelopment.
You
have
to
get
in
so
tight.
So
if,
if
there
are
particular
areas-
and
maybe
we
can
revisit
this
question
when
on
some
of
the
zoom
ins
and
see-
if
that's
if
that's
needed,
particularly.
K
Thinking
about
johns
island,
james
island
and
kane
hoy,
because
lord
there
are
large
areas
that
are
very
quickly.
We
heard
in
the
community
engagement
that
development
on
james
island
is
too
high
and
too
too
much
and
too
fast,
and
we
we
know
on
john's
island
that
it's
moving
very
aggressively
also
and
then
with
cane
hoy.
That's
our
high
ground,
but
they
said.
Please
leave
us
alone
out
there
in
some
respects,
so
it
would
be
nice
to
know
in
those
sensitive
areas.
K
P
P
Here's
those
soil
types
again,
so
this
area's
large
is
largely
built
out
and
doesn't
correspond
exactly
to
that
sand
infiltration
on
the
high
ground.
The
way
that
other
places
do
like
john's
island
cane
hoy.
But
still
you
see
where
the
the
relatively
better
soils
are
for
infiltration
now:
green
soil,
hydrologic
group,
a
a
or
b
and
then
marsh
migration
in
a
three-foot
sea
level
scenario,
so,
yellow
and
or
orange
here
being
marsh.
P
But
within
and
within
the
flood
plain.
Many
structures
were
built
prior
to
bfe.
That
indicates
they
might
be
built
too
low
or
below
current
regulations
and
therefore,
therefore,
at
risk
of
greater
risk
of
flooding
from
their
upstream
or
downstream
neighbors
high
ground,
like
I
said
primarily
along
the
rittenberg.
P
Area
is
well
suited
and
for
infiltration
soil
well
suited
for
infiltration
in
this
area,
and,
importantly
here
in
inner
west
ashley,
a
lot
of
the
watersheds
and
urban
watersheds
are
what
we've
classified
as
small
watersheds,
where
that
risk
of
compounding
effect
from
runoff
is
not
typically
as
great.
However,
because
the
drainage
system
there
are
so
many
constrictions
in
the
drainage
system,
the
potential
for
compounding
flood
effect
is
amplified
in
many
areas.
Here
we
see
that
drainage
connections
under
under
the
greenway
or
under
savannah
highway
around
the
citadel
mall
along
branch
creek.
P
K
P
P
P
This
is
a
pre,
essentially
a
pre-development
look
at
the
soils
in
this
area,
especially
in
the
lighter
green
up
around
our
west,
actually
there's
a
history
of
the
phosphate
mines
that
disrupted
some
of
these
characteristics.
So
those
those
disruptions
are
not
necessarily
factored
into
this
level
of
soil
data.
P
P
Much
of
the
high
ground
is
located
in
these
high
impact
watersheds,
so
that
means
it's
especially
important.
What
happens
on
those
high
grounds
relation
to
everything
else
downstream
in
this
area
like
inner,
west,
ashley,
waterways
and
floodplains
are
interconnected,
both
natural
and
man-made
interconnections,
so
that
has
a
tendency
to
multiply
the
potential
impacts,
flooding.
P
Just
zooming
in
on
this
on
this
portion
of
dark
green,
the
low
impact
high
ground
portion-
you
see
in
the
lighter
green
these
areas,
so
church
creek
is
there
kind
of
running
left
or
upper
left
the
bottom
right
through
this
image
here,
here's
church
creek
running
through
and
then
out
here
to
the
ashley,
so
the
creek
bed
itself
and
the
areas
closer
to
the
creek
bed
obviously
are
at
higher
flood
risk.
But
moving
out
into
these
darker
to
these
lighter
green
zones,
which
is
the
high
ground
adjacent
to
church
creek.
P
P
P
P
This
this
isn't
to
say
that
all
of
that
orange
area
will
be
lost.
There
are
other
kinds
of
strategies
that
can
be
used
to
to
sustain
wetlands
and
allow
them
to
accrete
with
sea
level
rise,
just
identifying
the
risk,
but,
more
importantly,
maybe,
for
policy
is
the
marsh
migration
corridors
and
there's
a
lot
of
things
that
can
get
in
the
way
of
these
lighter
blue
marsh
migration
paths,
whether
they're
sea
walls
and
bulkheads
roads,
other
kinds
of
infrastranged
infrastructure.
P
P
P
P
P
Relatively
small
watersheds,
so
relatively
less
impact
for
downstream
communities
and
and
structures
on
james
island
at
johns
island.
Sorry,
so
I
think
this.
This
analysis
corroborates
in
many
ways
the
dutch
dialogue
study,
but
also
some
of
the
previous
plans,
john's
island
master
planning
and
and
existing
plans
along
the
payback
corridor.
P
Island
and
I'm
happy
to
come
back
and
answer
any
if
they
come
up
later:
okay,
kane
hawaii.
This
is
this
is
perhaps
a
place
where
the
the
balancing
act
is
most
critical
and
most
stark.
You
see
the
highest
ground.
Basically
in
the
city
is
located
in
kane
hoy.
Here
in
brown
above
25
feet,
this
old
sand
barrier
sand
structure,
given
its
sand
composition,
its
former
dunes,
former
coastal
dunes.
It
has
high
infiltration
capacities,
but
that
also
lends
it
to
suitability
for
this
upland.
Longleaf
pine
forest
survives
in
sandy
soils.
P
P
P
So
I
just
want
to
be
clear:
this
is
not.
This
is
not
to
take
a
take
a
position
for
development
or
no
development
that
in
that
area,
it's
just
to
point
out
the
natural
progression
that
the
landscape
may
be
expected
to
undergo
as
sea
level
rises
and
the
marsh
tends
to
migrate
and
then
the
implications
here.
P
P
Much
of
this
soil
in
this
area
has
high
infiltration
capacity
so
potentially
benefiting
if
used,
if
used
well,
can
benefit
others
downstream.
Other
structures
downstream
large
watersheds
in
this
area
would
tend
to
compound
flood
risk,
although
there's
few
little
development
there
right
now
and
a
significant
march
migration,
which
I
raised
so
zooming
in
this-
is
the
clements
ferry
corridor
just
above
daniel
island,
so
kind
of
closer
in
you
see
526
kind
of
cutting
across
the
bottom
part
of
the
image
here.
P
K
And
so
it's
really
good
that
each
consultant
took
took
the
baton
and
went
deep
with
this,
so
that
we
could
make
you
know
good
policy,
good
rep
recommendations
and
good
plan,
and-
and
once
again
I
asked
my
question
too
soon,
because
some
of
these
maps
do
really
show
what
I
was
looking
for.
So
thank
you
for
that
good
you're.
J
P
Just
just
to
echo
everybody
else
in
the
the
kumbaya
moment
here
really
appreciate
working
with
everyone
at
the
city.
It's
a
it's
a
it's
an
amazing
group,
unique
for
city,
especially
this
size
and
our
experience,
working
elsewhere,
very
high
high
capacity
city
city
structure.
So
it's
been
a
pleasure
to
work
with
all
of
you
and
to
receive
your
feedback
over
the
last
few
months.
B
This
comp
plan
may
have
to
evolve
quickly,
because
this
is
a
whole
lot
to
distill
into
a
plan
for
any
for
any
group
in
in
the
short
amount
of
time
we
have
to
do
to
produce
a
plan
so
anyway,
this
is
hats
off
to
you
for
compiling
all
this.
So
thank
you
any
other
questions
for
for
our
team
from
the
water
institute
of
golf.
A
E
A
A
Formerly,
enslaved,
african-americans
and,
and
somehow
few
of
these,
if
any
well
there
are
maryville,
does
have
this
plot.
As
you
can
see
when
the
town
of
maryville
was
incorporated,
but
for
a
lot
of
the
communities,
they
were
never
really
documented,
at
least
in
map
format,
so
their
locations
being
identified
with
the
extent
of
their
boundaries
and
the
names
that
they
knew
themselves
as
in
any
public
available
publicly
available
maps,
and
so
charleston
county
has
done
work
on
this
in
their
historic
resources
survey
and
we're
we're
building
on
that.
A
A
It
is
evolving,
as
we
have
more
conversations.
A
lot
of
these
names
may
be
known
differently,
depending
on
who
you
ask
so
and-
and
I
have
a
meeting
with
johns
allen
folks
tomorrow
for
that
list.
That's
not
here
yet
will
exist,
hopefully
as
soon
as
tomorrow.
So
but
as
you
can
see,
it's
a
good
percentage
of
the
city.
A
K
B
I
I
think
I
would
just
like
to
say
chloe
thank
you
for
working
this
and
that,
given
what
we
heard
from
our
in
our
first
presentation
day
from
the
we
heard
from
the
community,
I
think
this
is
exactly
what
they
would
expect
us
to
do,
and
I,
and
and
so
that
I'm
I'm
pleased
that
we're
paying
at
this
level
of
attention.
So
thank
you.
A
So
just
a
quick,
quick
look
at
the
schedule
for
this
year,
as
you
mentioned
harry,
this
got
to
come
together
quickly,
so
this
month
the
rest
of
this
month
will
be
focused
on
beginning
to
share
the
findings
out
with
the
public
drafting
the
plan.
We'll
continue
that
into
february
wrapping
up
the
the
draft
plan
polished
ready
to
present
to
planning
commission
at
the
february
22nd
meeting
that
will
be
for
information.
A
Only
so
not
a
public
hearing
no
decision
being
requested
march
is
when
we
will,
following
that
meeting
going
into
march,
we'll
be
kicking
off
our
second
round
of
engagement.
So
gathering
presenting
the
draft
plan
and
gathering
feedback
we'll
have
a
short
window
of
time
to
be
able
to
incorporate
that
feedback,
make
revisions
and
come
back
to
planning
commission
at
march
24th
meeting
and
that
will
be
for
a
public
hearing
and
then
in
april
we
have
a
tentative
date.
H
A
C
M
A
R
You
chloe-
this
is
anna
catherine
carroll,
with
the
preservation
society
of
charleston
and,
first
of
all,
just
want
to
say
thank
you
so
much
to
all
of
the
consultant
team
members,
as
well
as
city
staff,
for
all
of
your
incredible
work
throughout
the
update
process
across
the
board.
Really
informative
data
has
been
gathered
thus
far,
and
we
recognize
that
public
engagement
has
been
a
challenge
during
this
time.
R
Since
early
spring,
we've
been
calling
on
the
city
to
request
a
deadline
extension
to
allow
the
most
thorough
engaged
process
possible
and,
as
the
originally
projected
deadline
for
completion
was
february
of
this
year,
we
are
asking
for
more
clarification
on
how
phase
two
will
function
and
we
share
miss
jacob's
concern
for
the
engagement
teams,
capacity
to
conduct
follow-up
with
such
a
short
turnaround
this
spring
between
planning,
commission
and
city
council
meetings.
So
we
also
ask
that
an
update
be
provided
on
the
status
of
a
deadline.
R
Extension
request
to
the
state
of
south
carolina
if
there
has
been
one
given
the
critical
importance
of
this
plan.
If
any
delay
is
to
be
formally
pursued
past
the
original
completion
date,
we
do
feel
strongly
that
the
time
necessary
should
be
taken
to
get
this
right.
So
we
thank
everyone
for
their
efforts
so
far
and
we
look
forward
to
continuing
to
work
together
towards
the
best
plan
for
charleston.
Thanks.
Q
Q
We
encourage
city
staff
to
announce
publicly
sooner
rather
than
later,
the
specifics
around
the
process
moving
forward,
such
as
how
and
when
the
public
will
be
able
to
review
and
weigh
in
on
the
draft
plan
before
it
starts
moving
forward
through
the
final
approval
processes
of
commission
and
counsel,
and,
like
chairman
lestain
noted
in
his
comments
being
able
to
respond
to
the
draft
and
collect
feedback,
will
be
critically
important
for
the
success
of
this
process.
We
look
forward
to
hearing
more
and
remaining
engaged
throughout.
Thank
you.
So
much.
B
B
Yeah,
well
thanks
everybody
for
your
patience.
This
group
is
used
to
having
to
pay
attention
for
a
while,
so
not
unusual,
but
to
those
of
us
who
are
able
to
be
here.
I
really
appreciate
it
and
and
I'll
just
echo
what
everybody
else
has
said
about
the
amazing
work
of
the
city
staff
and
all
the
consultants
on
all
this.
I
don't
want
to
belabor
that,
but
but
I
think
I
speak
for
all
the
commission
when
I
say
thank
you
for
the
amazing
work.