►
Description
Like so many others across the country, the Charlotte community has voiced a strengthened call for social justice. In response, the City of Charlotte’s Legacy Commission recommended “changing street names and reimagining civic spaces to create a new symbolic landscape that is representative of the dynamic and diverse city Charlotte has become and reflective of the inclusive vision it strives to achieve.” While the work ahead is of the utmost importance, this session will provide important background on how a Confederate landscape came to be, what that means here in Charlotte and in the South generally, and why better representation of the City's history is needed. This presentation features Dr. Karen Cox of UNC Charlotte and Dr. Willie Griffin of Levine Museum of the New South, who share about Charlotte’s history from the 1860s to the present.
A
So
we
will
get
started.
Thank
you
all
again
for
joining
us
this
evening.
We
are
so
happy
to
have
you
with
us
for
this
workshop
entitled
understanding
through
history,
lessons
from
the
legacy
commission.
My
name
is
nichelle
wilson,
with
the
city
of
charlotte's,
community
engagement,
division
and
tonight
we're
going
to
have
a
very
important
discussion
on
the
historical
perspectives
that
was
offered
to
the
legacy
commission
that
informed
their
recommendations
and
we're
going
to
learn
a
little
bit
about
their
recommendations.
A
A
We
welcome
full
participation
in
this
discussion,
so
you
do
have
the
option
to
use
the
q
a
feature
which
should
be
at
the
bottom
of
your
screen
to
type
in
any
questions
that
you
have
we'll
do
our
best
to
get
to
those
questions.
At
the
end,
we
also
are
recording
this
presentation,
so
this
will
be
made
available
to
you
on
the
community
engagement
training
on
demand
page,
so
that
should
be
available
in
about
two
weeks.
So
we
encourage
you
all
to
participate.
A
Our
first
guest
is
emily
kunzie
and
she
is
the
assistant
to
the
city
manager
for
the
city
of
charlotte.
Emily
will
speak
to
us
about
the
legacy
commission
and
their
recommendations.
Next,
we
have
dr
karen
l
cox.
Dr
cox
is
a
professor
of
history
at
the
university
of
north
carolina
at
charlotte,
where
she
teaches
a
variety
of
courses
on
southern
history
and
culture.
A
A
As
a
charlotte
native,
he
returned
home
to
join
the
levine
museum
of
the
new
south,
as
its
staff
historian
in
2018,
dr
griffin,
previously
served
as
an
assistant
professor
of
african
american
history.
At
the
citadel
he
holds
a
doctorate
in
u.s
history
from
the
university
of
north
carolina
at
chapel
hill,
and
so
we
welcome
my
three
guests
tonight.
We
are
looking
forward
to
an
empowering
and
impactful
discussion
and
I
would
like
to
thank
each
of
you
all
for
being
here
and
without
further
ado
I'll
turn.
It
over
to
emily.
B
Good
evening,
thank
you
for
joining
us
tonight.
I'm
just
going
to
give
some
brief
introductory
remarks
in
may
2020,
following
the
murder
of
george
floyd
by
police,
historic,
large-scale
protests
erupted
here
in
charlotte
and
throughout
the
entire
nation
spreading
to
countries
around
the
world.
These
protesters
demanded
an
end
to
systemic
racism
and
equities
in
our
nation,
with
the
goal
of
changing
our
country
for
the
better
of
all
its
people.
B
B
B
Second,
they
recommended
reimagining
the
commemorative
landscape
in
charlotte
to
align
with
the
values
and
diversity
of
today,
charlotte
and
third,
educating
residents
about
charlotte's
ties
to
slavery,
the
confederacy
and
white
supremacy
and
how
the
legacy
of
slavery
and
segregation
continue
to
impact
people's
lives
and
shape
the
community.
Today,
the
city
of
charlotte
is
committed
to
action
and
committed
to
implementing
the
commission's
recommendations,
beginning
with
street
name
changes.
The
study
is
currently
engaged
with
the
druid
hills:
community
to
rename
jefferson
davis
street.
B
C
C
I
want
to
say,
first
of
all,
I'm
really
pleased
that
I,
you
know
had
the
opportunity
to
do
this.
This
work
on
on
behalf
of
a
city
that
I've
called
home
since
2002,
and
what
I'd
like
to
do
is
share
with
you
sort
of
the
broader
context,
so
that
you
understand
how
charlotte
mike
does
fit
into
the
commemoration
of
the
confederacy
through
something
called
the
lost
cause
which
I'll
explain
and
the
ways
in
which
charlotte.
C
I
want
to
say
you
know
that
the
key
points
of
understanding
for
this
evening
presentation
is
that
I
want
to
talk
about
what
the
lost
cause
is,
what
the
phases
are
of
that
and
then
charlotte's
role
again.
I'll
only
do
this
briefly,
but
because
dr
griffin
will
give
a
more
detailed
description
and
historical
context,
around
charlotte's
participation
in
the
lost
cause
and
also
in
the
white
supremacy
campaigns.
C
The
term
comes
from
a
book
that
was
published
in
1866
by
a
man
named
edward
pollard,
and
it
was
an
attempt
to
justify
what
the
the
confederacy,
despite
the
fact
that
it
had
lost
in
in
a
way
and
just
provide
sort
of
a
a
blueprint
for
white
southerners
going
forward
to
in
a
way
to
deal
with
defeat
and,
and
so
it's
called
the
lost
cause.
In
other
words,
it
suggests
that
the
confederacy
was
a
cause
of
sorts
and
it's
meant
to
sort
of
help.
C
Well,
the
myths
of
the
lost
calls,
and
that's
where
I
think
that
a
lot
of
public
discussions
are
about
these
days
has
to
do
with
the
myths
of
the
lost
call.
So
the
lost
cause
is
this
narrative
with
its
own
myths
and
then
the
lost
cause.
It's
also
this
sort
of
a
movement
that
includes
the
creation
of
confederate
heritage
organizations,
as
well
as
things
like
the
monuments
and
markers
that
were
we're
talking
about
this
evening.
C
So
some
of
the
basic
myths
are
that
people
don't
believe
that
the
civil
war
was
fought
over
slavery
and
somehow
you
know
the
confederacy
only
was
only
defeated
because
of
the
north's
superior
forces
resources
and
then
that
slavery
is
somehow
a
benign
institution
that
masters
or
quote-unquote
good
to
their
slaves.
So
these
are
the
basic
myths.
There's
many
more
of
those,
including
things
like.
C
You
know
that
the
ku
klux
klan,
for
example,
were
to
be
regarded
as
heroes
for
having
restored
white
supremacy,
which,
which
again
the
lost
cause,
is
one
of
these
things
that
that
crosses
generations
and
has
been
in
effect
ever
since.
The
end
of
the
civil
war
such
that,
even
today,
more
than
a
century
and
a
half
after
the
war
ended,
you
will
still
hear
people
say
that
the
civil
war
was
fought
over
states,
rights
and
not
slavery.
But
we
know
for
fact,
and
we
have
documents
that
prove
otherwise.
C
So
we
have
to
think
about
this
in
terms
of
historical
phases
in
terms
of
confederate
memorialization,
because
initially,
the
way
that
things
unfolded
was
initially
through
confederate
through
the
monuments,
and
I
want
to
talk
about
the
phases
of
the
lost
cause
through
monuments
through
monument
building.
So
there
was
a
phase
of
confederate
bereavement
in
the
period
of
reconstruction,
when
the
very
first
monuments
were
erected
and
they
tended
to
be
erected
in
cemeteries
where
the
confederate
soldiers
were
buried
and
in
in
many
ways
the
the
obelisk
that's
in
elmwood
cemetery.
C
You
see
what
the
law
schools
enters
a
new
phase,
one,
that's
that
is
definitely
led
by
women
in
the
united
daughters
of
the
confederacy
and
in
this
phase.
The
focus
here,
then,
is
about
vindicating
the
confederacy
vindicating
them
from
defeat
by
you
know
focusing
on
that
this.
This
messaging,
that
the
confederacy
that
the
confederate
calls
was
a
just
cause
that
it
was
a
sacred
cause
that
these
men
were
right,
that
states
rights.
C
Without
you
know
ever
sort
of
talking
always
about
the
issue
of
slavery,
so
this
even
by
you
know,
30
years
after
the
war,
you
begin
to
to
see
that
that
slavery
has
been
erased
as
a
cause
of
war,
and
it's
something
that
that
white
southerners
should
even
be
concerned
about.
But
the
1890s
is
really
an
important
period
to
understand.
It's
not
just
the
rise
of
additional
confederate
memorialization
and
that's
why
I
want
to
talk
about
the
historical
context
and
dr
griffin
will
as
well.
C
I
think,
will
re-emphasize
what
I'm
about
to
talk
about
here.
You
begin
in
that
same
period
that
the
confederate
memorialization
really
goes
on
really
peaks,
and
this
is
when
most
of
the
monuments
are
built.
It's
when
street
names
start
to
be.
You
start
to
see
street
names
being
given
names
for
of
after
confederates,
and
so
what
you
see
happening
in
the
1890s,
with
the
rise
of
the
confederacy
confederate
memorialization
movement,
we're
seeing
the
that
southern
whites
are
really
trying
to
eradicate
african-american
progress,
a
lot
of
which
was
was
provided.
C
You
know
through
the
reconstruction
amendments,
so
there's
an
attack
against
african-american
progress
in
in
attempts
to
erase
them
from
participation
in
politics
and
even
economically
part
of
that
was
disfranchising
disenfranchisement
in
a
backlash
to
the
14th
amendment,
which
provided
them
with
citizenship
and
also
the
15th
amendment
which
provided
african-american
men,
the
right
to
vote,
these
laws
were
were
being
put
on
the
books
in
the
south
that
were
disenfranchising,
african-american
men
from
voting
and
trying
to
remove
them
from
office.
So
this
is
one.
C
C
C
C
All
of
these
things
it
reminds
it
is
a
it
honors
confederate
soldiers
who
fought
to
preserve
anglo-saxon
aka
white
supremacy,
and
I
say
that
nava
calls
that
you
know-
and
we
know
that
and
sometimes
and
then
the
case
of
charlotte.
We
actually
have
them.
We
had
a
memorial
that
actually
had
that
language
on
it,
but
at
the
unveiling
of
a
lot
of
these
monuments
and
markers,
there
would
be
someone
given
a
speech
and
very
often
in
that
in
those
speeches,
and
there
are
many
of
them
out
there.
C
We
know
that
these
monuments,
as
representatives
of
that
are
standing
outside
of
those
again,
the
the
doors
of
government,
whether
that's
at
the
capitol
or
local
courthouse,
and
that's
where
white
supremacy
is
being
enshrined
into
law
and
again
they
serve
as
reminders
of
second-class
citizenship,
which
is
why
you
know
today
we're
having
these
debates
and
why
there
are
efforts
underway
to
try
to
remove
these.
But
then
the
backlash,
of
course,
are
these
monument
laws
that
are
have
prevented,
that
from
happening.
C
So
what
is
charlotte's
role
in
perpetuating
the
lost
cause
and
and
dr
griffin
is
going
to
go
into
this
more
deeply
than
I
am,
but
I
just
want
to
remind
everyone
that
charlotte
wasn't
this
new
south
city?
It's
it's.
You
know
the
the
reputation
of
charlotte
today,
charlotte
didn't
look
like
this
at
all
in
the
late
19th
century
and
early
20th
century,
when
these
things
were
taking
place.
Charlotte
was
a
very
small
town,
a
small
southern
town
like
any
southern
town
across
the
region
across
the
south,
and
so
in
many
ways.
C
C
One
of
the
things
that
that
happened
was
the
19.
You
know
and
the
ways
in
which
charlotte
contributed
to
this,
like
enshrining
the
lost
calls
into
the
culture
of
of
charlotte,
was
to
sponsor
the
1929
united
confederate
veterans
reunion.
There
was
a
parade
down,
it
was
on
trion
street,
and
you
can
you
can
see
this
actually
watch
this
video
that
I've
got
a
screen
capture
of
on
right
here.
So
there
was
this
big
parade.
C
These
are
kinds
of
things
that
would
happen
in
other
southern
cities,
where
the
confederacy
was
very
well
regarded.
So
this
is
one
example,
and
it's
during
that
reunion,
when,
when
a
confederate
monument
is
built
and
I'll,
show
you
that
in
just
a
minute
in
1958
charlotte
hosted
the
cap
alpha
fraternity,
what
was
known
as
the
old
south
week
in
1958,
you
can
see
the
cover
of
the
the
charlotte
observer
trade
street
was
briefly
renamed
confederate
boulevard.
C
C
A
lot
of
people
might
be
surprised
to
know
that
in
1996
there
was
a
confederate
parade
in
uptown
and,
as
you
can
see
in
the
from
the
the
observer,
it
was
the
largest
since
1929
that
first
one
I
showed
you
and
part
of
this
was
about
commemorating
these.
They
had
placed
some
headstones
in
the
elmwood
cemetery
and
it
was
a
part
of
a
celebration
of
having
achieved
that.
C
So
charlotte
is
slightly
different
from
other
cities
in
the
time
in
terms
of
its
confederate
landscape
and
in
terms
of
monuments.
It
doesn't
have
that
many
and
we'll
just
go
through
the
three
that
that
I'm
aware
of
we
have
elmwood
cemetery,
the
obelisk
that
was
erected
in
1887,
which
I
mentioned
earlier.
That's
totally
fits
in
with
the
lost
cause
of
the
19th
century.
In
that
early
phase
of
memorialization.
C
And
then
we
had
the
monument
or
marker
that
was
erected
in
1929
during
that
confederate
reunion.
This
is
excuse
me.
This
is
the
the
marker,
which
actually
has
probably
the
most
egregious
most
racist
language
of
any
monument
I've
ever
seen,
and
I
study
monuments
and
wrote
a
book
about
it,
which
is
if
I
read
you
from
that.
It's
it's
said
that
talks
about
these
men
as
having
preserved
the
anglo-saxon
civilization
of
the
south,
so
preserving
what
they're
saying
is
preserving
white
supremacy
and
that's
part
of
the
reason
that
they
should
be
honored.
C
C
The
other
is,
is
the
judep
benjamin
marker
that
was
on
tryon
street.
That
was
actually
was
placed
and
I
said
placed
by
the
udc.
If
you
read
what
the
monument
said,
it
was
like,
it
was
erected
in
honor
of
jude
p,
benjamin
who
was
a
jewish
of
jewish
descent,
and
he
he
was
the
attorney
general
secretary
of
war
and
secretary
of
state
for
the
confederacy,
and
so
the
temple,
israel
and
temple
bethel.
C
I
again,
I'm
not
sure
if
it's
in
storage
or
where
it
might
be,
but
that
that
marker
two
has
been
removed,
but
that
was
part
of
the
confederate
monuments
in
charlotte
and
then
the
third
is
the
confederate
monument
that
was
unveiled
on
the
grounds
of
what
is
now
old
city
hall
in
1977,
which
is
very
late.
112
years
after
the
civil
war
ended,
it
was
moved
into
the
into
elmwood
cemetery
in
2015,
after
the
charleston
massacre
and
after
it
had
been
vandalized.
C
D
We
mostly
talk
about
places
that
experienced
that
were
disrupted
because
of
the
civil
war
places
like
charleston
or
richmond
atlanta,
but
charlotte,
because
there
were
no
major
battles
in
or
around
charlotte.
We
have
not
been
present
in
this
telling
of
the
story,
but
we
cannot
really
be
mistaken.
In
reality,
the
city
did
play
a
significant
role
in
the
civil
war,
and
this
is
something
that
city
leaders
and
city
residents
have
to
be
aware
of.
D
The
the
city
can
really
no
longer
hide
behind
the
vacated
progressivism,
particularly
in
the
face
of
recent
national
discussions
about
the
legacy
of
the
confederacy
on
white
supremacy
and
the
lost
cause.
And
so
what
I
want
to
do
is
talk
about
some
of
those
things
and
and
like
dr
cox,
the
key
points
of
understanding,
I
think,
are
really
important.
D
So
I'll
begin
by
just
talking
about
the
voices
of
secession
during
the
civil
war
with
the
election
of
abraham
lincoln,
which
brought
about
brought
sexualism
sectionalism
between
the
north
and
south
to
a
head
on
the
eve
of
the
civil
war,
charlotte
city
leaders.
Look
to
four
men
in
particular
for
guidance
on
the
the
course
of
action
for
the
city
and
each
of
these
men
captain
william
r
myers,
you
may
recognize
it
was
william,
the
name
myers
itself.
D
It
was
his
son
who
was
responsible
for
building
myers
park,
and
so
the
name
myers
is
a
prominent
name
in
the
city
general
daniel
h
hill.
I
believe
you
saw
an
image
of
west
hill
street
at
the
start
of
this
program,
and
so
daniel
hill
was
another
prominent
person
as
well
as
charles
lee
and
john
brown.
We
don't
know
much
about
charles
lee
and
john
brown
in
my
research.
I
I
have
uncovered
some
evidence
that
charles
lee
may
have
been
a
distant
cousin
of
robert
e
lee.
D
So
there
is
that
connection
that
we
have
to
really
be
aware
of,
but
at
the
outbreak
of
the
civil
war,
myers
was
43
years
old
and
a
successful
lawyer
and
real
estate
prospector.
He
had
served
in
the
army
of
the
republic
of
texas
in
its
war
against
mexico.
So
when
the
war
broke
out
as
a
veteran,
he
became
an
organizer
of
the
vigilant
of
a
vigilance
committee
that
was
assembled
to
protect
the
community
from
incendiary
fires
that
were
normally
started
by
folks
who
were
not
supportive
of
the
confederate
cause
and
enslaved
people.
D
He
eventually
volunteered
for
military
service
and
was
able,
because
of
his
wealth,
he
supplied
the
necessary
equipment
for
an
early
company
that
was
formed
in
charlotte,
the
34th
north
carolina
infantry
and
he
was
commissioned
as
captain
in
september
of
1861
and
remained
in
the
confederate
army
until
april
1862.
When
the
regiment
was
reorganized.
D
Hill,
on
the
other
hand,
was
a
much
more
prominent
figure
in
the
civil
war.
He
was
a
native
of
york,
south
carolina
and
not
far
from
charlotte,
but
it
was
a
1942
west
point
graduate
and
a
veteran
of
the
mexican-american
war.
Following
his
service,
he
became
in
the
mexican-american
war.
He
became
a
professor
of
mathematics
first
at
washington,
college
and
later
at
davidson
college
right.
D
In
a
second
but
at
the
outbreak
of
the
civil
war,
hill
was
made
a
colonel
of
the
first
north
carolina
volunteers,
and
this
is
significant
because
he
led
the
the
the
first
northland
volunteers
into
one
of
the
first
land
battles
of
the
civil
war
in
fort
monroe
virginia.
The
battle
was
called
big
battle
of
big
bethel,
and
it
was
one
of
the
first
victories
of
the
for
the
confederacy,
so
it
was
really
important.
D
So
these
were
particularly
in
the
case
of
hill
and
and
charles
lee
was
also
a
general
in
the
during
the
civil
war.
So
these
are
some
prominent
figures
who
really
played
a
significant
role
in
the
unfolding
of
the
civil
war.
So
I
think
that
is.
Is
we
have
to
remember
that
when
thinking
about
charlotte?
D
So
I
mentioned
the
north
carolina
military
institute
that
daniel
hill
established
in
1859
north
carolina
followed
the
lead
of
other
southern
states
like
virginia
and
south
carolina
virginia
is
mostly
known
for
the
virginia
military
institute
and
south
carolina
charleston,
the
citadel,
where
I
was
once
employed.
These
were
the
more
prominent
military
institutes
in
in
the
south.
At
the
time
the
outbreak
of
the
civil
war
and
north
carolina
had
had
followed
suit,
so
the
school
opened
its
doors
in
1859
with
40
cadets,
and
some
of
the
first
instructors
included.
D
What
were
hill
as
well
as
james
lane
and
charles
lee,
and
so
the
site
of
the
north
carolina
military
institute
today
is,
is
where
the
dowd
ymca
is
it
was,
is
located.
Presently,
that's
where
the
north
carolina
military
institute
was
located
and
and
by
1860
the
a
year
after
the
school
had
been
founded.
There
were
over
100
cadets
and
at
the
start
of
the
civil
war,
there
were
upwards
of
150.
D
so
another
way,
and
so
a
lot
of
the
students
at
the
start
of
the
civil
war.
The
governor
closed
down
the
north
island
military
institute
and
many
of
the
students
and
educators
would
join
the
the
confederacy
and
go
off
into
battle,
and
many
of
them
were
members
of
the
first
north
carolina
volunteer
that
hill
led.
So
we
provided
soldiers,
not
only
soldiers
but
as
well
as
a
military
leadership.
D
That's
important
to
remember,
I
think,
at
the
start
of
the
war
and
that
not
many
people
are
aware
of
this
about
charlotte
and
and
in
some
ways
that
it
foreshadows
charlotte's
place
as
a
financial
center
of
the
south.
But
at
the
start
of
the
war,
a
branch
of
the
united
states
mint
was
founded
in
charlotte
and
in
if
the
branch
of
the
united
states
had
been
founded
in
charlotte
in
1835,
and
this
was
due
to
the
discovery
of
gold
in
the
region.
D
D
He
offered
services
of
the
mitt
to
the
confederate
president
jefferson
davis,
to
begin
printing
money
for
the
confederacy.
So
not
many
people
know
that
the
money
that
the
confederacy
used
was
printed
right
here
in
charlotte
at
the
u.s
mint,
and
you
see
images
of
some
of
the
the
bills
that
were
printed.
This
contains
pictures
of
john
calhoun
and
in
jackson,
and
then
you
have
jefferson
davis
on
the
50
bill.
D
The
leadership
of
the
confederacy
needed
an
inland
city
that
was
well
connected
by
railroad,
transportation
and
so
charlotte
was
chosen
because
it
was
an
important
rail
center
at
the
time
and
it
connected
to
coastal
towns
and
and
it
connected
the
piedmont
to
the
coastal
towns
and
most
of
the
machinery
and
tools
and
rifles
and
ammunition
that
were
in
norfolk
were
relocated
to
charlotte.
In
may
of
of
1862-
and
this
you
see
the
shield
here-
it
was
installed
on
the
wall
of
the
seaboard
airline,
railway
freight
depot
in
in
uptown.
D
So
the
this
naval
yard
was
an
important
piece
of
the
confederacy
during
the
civil
war.
The
president
of
the
confederacy
jefferson
davis
visited
the
site
in
1865
and
continuously
throughout
the
war.
There
were,
and
on
average
at
least
240
workers
who
served
as
guards
for
the
navy
navy
yard.
So
I
think
this
is
is
really
important
to
understand
that
this
shows
us
how
charlotte
contributed
to
this
cause
of
the
confederacy
another.
D
I
think
another
important
element
or
an
important
contribution
that
we're
often
quoted
for
it's
often
cited.
I
think
this
is
one
of
the
more
well-known
facts
about
charlotte,
because
you'll
see
signs
in
uptown,
charlotte
that
the
last
meeting
of
the
confederate
cabinet
was
held
here
in
charlotte
at
the
william
pfeiffer
house,
that
william
pfeiffer,
who
you
see
pictured
here,
was
perhaps
one
of
the
wealthiest
planters
slave
owners
who
lived
within
the
city
limits.
D
His
home
was
located
at
the
time
at
722,
north
trion
street,
which
is
now
122,
south
tryon,
and
and
so
he
predicted
charlotte,
that
would
have
a
great
future
and
he
provided
his
home
as
the
headquarters
of
general,
beauregard
and
so
on.
In
the
last
days
of
the
civil
war,
the
cabinet,
the
leaders
of
the
cabinet,
came
to
charlotte
and
met
in
his
home.
D
D
What
we
know
now
is
that
the
deaths
total
upwards
of
620
000
people,
258
of
those
were
confederate
deaths,
so
by
far
confederates
lost
a
larger
percentage
of
southerners
than
the
north
did,
and
so
there
were
more
women
were
widowed
and
children
were
orphaned,
but
this,
the
the
more
importantly,
the
civil
war,
touched
more
lives
and
communities.
More
deeply
than
historians
have
have
previously
thought,
and
so
thinking
and
understanding
this.
How?
D
Events
in
charlotte
and
really
in
some
ways
would
determine
the
future
of
african
american
access
to
judicial
justice
in
america,
and
one
of
the
more
important
cases
that
emerges
out
of
charlotte
is
the
lee
dunlap
case
and
and
lee
dunlap.
As
you
see,
these
are
articles,
he
was
an
african-american
from
the
charlotte.
These
are
articles
from
local
newspapers
as
well
as
state
newspapers
and
even
national
newspapers.
D
Don't
know
that
charlotte
had
black
police
officers
and
in
in
the
case
of
james
gleason,
when
he
had
been
shot
by
lee
dunlap,
a
black
police
officer
tried
to
prevent
him
from
leaving
the
site
because
he
was
trying
to
escape
and
both
gleason
and
dunlap
were
being
brought
in
because
of
a
dispute.
A
labor
dispute
that
had
happened,
and
so
this
really
becomes
an
important
case
of
whether
african
americans
should
gain
access
to
due
process.
D
Lee
dunlap
was
placed
into
prison
a
local
jail
and
many
whites
gathered
to
try
to
lynch
him,
but
african-americans
also
gathered
to
try
to
protect
him
and
over
the
course
of
of
of
several
years.
He
sought
to
get
his
case
removed
from
locally
here
in
charlotte,
because
he
didn't
think
that
he
could
get
a
fair
trial,
because
no
african
americans
were
allowed
to
serve
on
juries
and
he
argued
that
his
lawyers
argued
that
he
would
be
treated
unfairly.
D
And
so
what
you
begin
to
see
immediately
in
the
aftermath
is
this
rise
of
lynching
across
the
south
and
it
becomes
this
form
of
extra
judicial
justice,
and
it
suggests
that
you
know
southerners
largely
did
not
believe
that
african-americans
deserved
to
be
able
to
use
the
courts
as
a
way
to
defend
themselves.
And
so
this
really
becomes
an
important
case.
D
That
scholars
have
really
not
paid
attention
to,
and
no
one
has
written
about
it
to
my
knowledge,
but
it
really
is
an
important
case
that
we
have
to
pay
attention
to,
and
I
include
a
lot
of
the
dates
and
locations
of
these
articles,
because
I
always
encourage
the
audiences
that
I
talk
to
to
do
your
own
research
and
read
and
find
out
for
your
own.
And
so,
if
you
have
access
to
a
library
card
on
the
local
charlotte
library,
you
can
gain
access
to
a
lot
of
these
articles.
D
Now
I
I
want
to
talk
just
a
little
bit
about
the
rise
of
white
supremacy
and
the
role
that
charlotte
played
most
often
when,
when
scholars
talk
about
the
rise
of
of
white
supremacy,
we'd
point
to
the
wilmington
race
riots
and
the
it
was
a
significant
event
that
really
led
to
the
art.
The
clear
articulation
of
what
white
supremacy
was,
and
you
would
see
a
number
of
states
and
like
atlanta,
would
follow
suit.
D
D
D
You
begin
to
see
these
white
supremacy
clubs
that
have
formed
many
people
are
shocked
to
know
that
these
kinds
of
things
existed,
but
the
first
white
supremacy
club
in
the
state
was
formed
in
belmont
as
which
is
a
neighbor
of
mecklenburg
county.
In
charlotte,
it
was
formed
in
woodman's
hall
in
1896,
leading
up
to
the
wilmington
race
riots,
but
by
1900.
These
clubs
had
reached
charlotte
and
you
see
sort
of
the
goals
of
the
the
these
white
supremacy
clubs.
D
The
aim
and
object
was
to
maintain
white
supremacy
and
uplift
white
labor,
so
that
meant
that
whites
would
get
the
best
jobs
in
the
city.
African
americans
and
other
people
of
color
would
be
relegated
to
the
lowest
paying
jobs,
menial
jobs
where
they
would
not
be
able
to
make
the
same
kinds
of
or
earn
the
same
kinds
of
money
that
their
white
counterparts
would
have.
D
And
so,
if
you
think
about
today
and
the
discussions
that
we
have
around
this
economic
mobility
and
economic
inequality,
you
can
begin
to
understand
how
this
really
began
to
form
by
looking
back
to
the
turn
of
the
20th
century.
When
charlotte's
economy
was
just
taking
shape
and
the
the
textile
and
industrial
meals
were
taking
off,
african-americans
were
most
often
cut
off
from
those
kinds
of
positions,
and
so
you'll
see
some
of
the
more
prominent
names
in
in
the
city
that
were
connected
to
these
white
supremacy.
Clubs.
D
Do
the
research
on
your
own
and
look
up
some
of
these
articles
and
read
them
for
yourselves
and
then
finally,
another
article,
I
think,
is
really
interesting.
That
shows
the
the
charlotte
observer
really
imploring
the
local
employers
of
these
whites
and
in
mills
to
release
or
give
time
off
to
the
employees
so
that
they
could
go
and
vote,
and
so
this
is
important
because
1900
was
the
year
when
the
governor
aycock
had
placed
on
the
books
or
the
on
the
ballot.
D
So
the
loss
calls
and
I'll
just
speak
briefly
about
this.
How
the
loss
cause
is
is
being
is
promoted
in
charlotte,
d.a
tompkins
is
probably
responsible
for
writing.
Although
we
now
know,
historians
know
that
he
hired
a
ghost
writer
for
many
of
his
early
writings.
This
book
on
the
history
of
mecklenburg,
county
and
the
city
of
charlotte
really
takes
on
elements
of
of
the
lost
cause
by
downplaying
slavery
in
charlotte.
They
portray
it
as
a
benevolent
institution.
D
They
talk
about
really.
They
highlight
a
lot
of
the
early
slave
plantation
owners
as
as
prominent
men
who
are
responsible
for
establishing
the
city,
and
they
talk
about
the
industrial
leaders
like
himself
for
lifting
charlotte
up
out
of
nothing
and
really
again
ignoring
the
role
and
the
contributions
that
enslaved
labor
had
played
in
enriching
many
of
the
prominent
people
in
charlotte.
D
Another
important
person
who
I
found
in
my
research
was
alexander,
graham
there's
a
school
named
after
alexander,
graham
over
in
myers
park.
Alexander
graham
was
the
the
father
of
the
greatest
school
system
across
north
carolina.
He
traveled
all
across
the
state
setting
up
graded
schools
here,
first
in
fayetteville
and
here
in
charlotte,
but
he
I
found
that
he
had
been
writing
speeches
for
politicians
who
traveled
across
the
state
and
his
speeches
you
can
see.
D
Slavery
is
not
the
cause
of
the
war
between
the
states
and
so
really
digging
in
the
hills
that
the
the
war
was
about
states,
rights,
and
so
this
again
was
supporting
this.
This
idea,
that
of
of
the
lost
cause
and
in
dr
cox's
book,
the
recent
book,
no
common
brown,
she
eloquently
talks
about
how
the
lost
cause
included
more
than
just
this
idea
that
slavery
was
a
benevolent
institution.
D
What
we
call
historians
called
the
mecklenburg
resolves,
which
many
charlatans
have
come
to
argue,
that
the
city
was
the
birthplace
of
independence,
and
so
I
think
that
that's
really
important
too
that
even
though
the
mech
deck
and
promoting
it
as
the
birthplace
of
independence,
happened
before
the
civil
war,
it
became
much
more
important,
an
element
to
uplift
after
the
civil
war,
and
that
was
something
that
they
began
to
celebrate
year.
In
year
out.
D
D
Jefferson
davidson
street
is
located
in
the
druid
hill
community
and
even
though
jeff
davison,
jeff
davis
had
no
extensive
ties
to
charlotte.
It
goes
to
show
you
how
much
his
legacy
and
the
legacy
of
the
confederacy
were
honored
here
in
charlotte
stonewall
street,
which
is
probably
one
of
the
more
prominent
streets
in
charlotte
his
wife,
his
mary
ann
anna
morrison
married
stonewall,
jackson
in
in
1857,
and
so
there
have
been
debates
about
whether
the
street
was
actually
named
for
her
or
for
stonewall
jackson.
D
But
I
think
what
we
have
determined
is
that
it
was
most
definitely
named
for
stonewall
jackson,
and
so
that's
one
of
the
streets
that
we
are
also
that
the
commission
has
is
considered
or
is
in
I'm
slated
to
change
and
then
finally,
behringer
drive.
Behringer
is
a
prominent
family
name
in
the
city.
There's
a
behringer
hotel
on
north
tryon,
but
behringer
is
was
really
named
after
the
one
of
his
two
sons,
paul
behringer,
who
was,
he
became
a
leader
in
the
creation
of
scientific
racism.
D
He
was
a
an
administrator,
became
the
president
of
virginia
tech
university
and
wrote
a
lot
about
the
see
sort
of
the
inherent
superiority
of
whites
over
african
americans
and
and
contributed
a
lot
of
scholarship.
What
we
call
pseudo
scholarship
to
this
idea
of
blacks
being
inferior,
and
so
I'm
going
to
stop
here,
because
I
think
we're
almost
out
of
time.
E
D
Not
really,
I
just
think
that
this
history
is
really
important
and
again.
I've
said
this
before
I
think
city
leaders,
as
well
as
citizens
of
charlotte,
have
to
be
aware
of
this
history,
because
we
have
this
tendency
in
charlotte
to
portray
ourselves
as
a
progressive
city
and
that
you
know
that
we
were
untouched
by
these.
E
D
A
C
Well,
I
would
say
that
you
know
this
is
just
the
beginning.
You
know
of
an
education,
about
our
city
and
about
the
region.
I
think
what
we
can
do
again.
I
echo
what
dr
griffin
said:
it's
just
like
you
know,
being
informed,
is
really
important
to
be
able
to
communicate
about
that.
I
think
that
we
need
to
continue
our
you
know,
educating
people
about
the
history
of
charlotte
and
this,
these
darker
sides
of
the
history
of
charlotte.
C
What
can
we
do?
I
think
the
legacy
commission
is
is
honestly,
is
a
is
a
model
for,
for,
I
think,
other
cities
in
in
this
region.
In
terms
of
it's
like
now
that
we
know
this
is
what
we're
going
to
do
and
it
begins
with
street
names.
The
other
thing
that
that
we
can
do
as
a
city,
and
I
think
that
one
of
the
recommendations
was
in
terms
of
of
thinking
about
how
we
might
rethink
the
memorial
landscape
of
charlotte
is
to
apply
for
some.
C
You
know,
grant
funding
that
would
allow
us
to
do
that.
I
do
think
that
you
know
you
know
being
educated
about.
It
is
really
really
important.
Knowledge
is
power,
and-
and
I
think
that
that's
important-
you
know
you-
you
know
that
we-
we
have
an
honest
reckoning
with
with
our
history-
there's
nothing
to
be
afraid
of
in
doing
that.
C
D
Yeah
I
mean
I
would
reiterate
everything
that
dr
cox
said
that
you
know
we
often
think
about
this
history
as
as
hard
and
difficult,
but
I
don't
really
like
to
use
those
terms.
When
I
talk
about
this
history,
I
think
history
is
is
complex
more
than
it
is
hard,
because
I
think
when
we
use
this
these
terms
that
this
is
hard
history
and
difficult
history,
we
tend
to
turn
away
from
it.
D
So
if
we
think
about
it
as
as
a
form
of
math,
you
know
it's
complex
and
we
have
to
study
it
and
the
more
that
we
understand
it,
the
better
are
we.
We
are
equipped
to
have
conversations
about
it,
because
it's
not
going
to
go
away,
and
you
know
the
the
more
that
people
realize
how
we
got
to
this
point.
D
The
history
is,
is
going
to
always
be
brought
up,
so
we
just
have
to
to
discuss
it,
and
you
know
we
often
think
about
how
our
children
are
going
to
be
taught
in
the
schools,
and
I
have
to
remind
people
that
the
children
are
resilient.
You
know
they
are
prepared
to
to
study
this
and
and
understand
it.
D
Even
more
so
than
adults
are,
and
so
it's
best
that
we
get
it
out
now
and
instead
of
keep
hiding
it
from
them
and
and
by
the
time
they
get
to
college
they're
introduced
to
it
and
realize
that
they
have
been
something
has
been
kept
from
them
or
lied
to.
So
I
just
think
that
that's
really
important
that
we
be
honest
about
it.
A
B
Ways
that
we
can
incorporate
some
of
this
knowledge
into
curriculum
and
we
are
also
engaging
in
conversations
about
reimagining,
our
landscape
and
what
kind
of
art
projects
what
kind
of
memories,
what
kind
of
historical
markers?
What
kind
of
technology
can
we
use
so
that
people
can
go
to
different
places
in
charlotte
and
learn
history?
B
A
D
So
we
have
to
first
it
has
to
be
a
broad
coalition
of
members
from
around
the
city
representing
various
organizations,
various
communities
coming
together
and
talking
about
the
ways
to
talk
about
I'm
lynching
and
this
so
that
we
have
to
do
some
form
of
school
initiative.
Where
there's
an
essay
contest
to
get
high
school
students
involved.
D
There
has
to
be
documented
outreach
efforts,
and
so
there
are
efforts
currently
underway
of
through
the
charlotte,
and
I
think
in
the
next
few
months,
you'll
probably
see
I
think
in
in
august.
You
will
see
a
website
be
introduced
for
the
public
so
that
you
can
understand
some
of
the
the
stories
about
the
lynchings
like
willie
mcneill
as
well.
As
I
forget,
the
name
of
the
joseph,
the
first
joe
mcneely
was
the
first
lynching
victim
in
1913,
and
so
once
the
website
is
introduced
in
august.
A
Thank
you
our
next
question.
If
anyone
else
has
a
question,
if
you
want
to
go
ahead
and
type
in
the
chat,
this
is
the
last
question
that
we
have
currently
and
that
is.
Do
you
think
that
the
current
mischaracterization,
I'm
sorry,
do
you
think
that
the
current
mischaracterized
debates
about
critical
race
theory
will
prevent
these
types
of
learning
opportunities
from
being
presented
in
cms.
C
C
I
think
it's
important
that
we
be
honest
about
it,
there's
nothing
to
be
afraid
of
by
learning,
learning
the
full
story
and
the
full
scope
of
of
the
of
our
history
and
and
not
whitewashing
it.
You
know
to
make
ourselves
feel
better
because
you
know
there's
there's
real
value.
That
can
come
from
honest
conversations
about
about
the
past.
D
Yeah
I
mean
I,
I
agree.
I
think
that
there
is
some
mischaracterization
going
on
with
this
whole
idea
of
critical
race
theory.
I've.
I've
said
more
than
once
that
those
people
who
are
promoting
this
idea
of
being
anti-critical
race
theory
are
really
picking
up
the
legacy
of
the
the
lost
cause
and,
and
really
you
know,
transforming
it
into
a
21st
century.
You
know,
you
know
is
just
important,
I'm
losing
the
word
that
I
need
right
now,
but
it's
it's.
D
They
are
really
it's
becoming
something
that
they
are
championing
championing
championing
like
those
folks
from
the
daughters
of
the
confederacy
and
the
lost
cause.
But
what's
really
important
is
I
don't
think
that
critical
race
theory
is
being
taught
in
in
public
schools?
I
think
that
what's
actually
happening
are
our
narratives
are
being
explored,
who
have
largely
been
absent
from
the
sort
of
mainstream
narratives
and
when
you
place
these
narratives
in
in
conversation
with
mainstream
narratives
you're,
going
to
see
complications
in
in
our
understanding
of
the
past.
D
And
so
it's
important
that
these
narratives
are
talked
about.
Whether
we're
talking
about
women's
history,
whether
we're
talking
about
african
american
history,
whether
we're
talking
about
lgbtq
history,
all
of
these
narratives
have
to
be
placed
in
in
in
our
schools
so
that
we
understand
how
we
got
to
this
point.
A
Thank
you,
dr
griffin.
We
don't
have
any
other
questions,
so
I
would
like
to
thank
everyone
for
joining
us
tonight.
Thank
you
to
all
the
attendees.
We
appreciate
your
time.
We
appreciate
you
taking
time
to
learn
more
about
this
subject
and
we
hope
that
you
will
continue
to
have
discussions
with
your
friends
and
your
family
to
keep
this
discussion
alive.
If
you
can
share
this
particular
video,
just
so
more
people
can
learn
about
the
legacy
commission
and
the
work
and
the
recommendations
that
they
have
put
forth.
A
We
would
like
to
thank
dr
griffin
and
dr
cox
for
giving
us
that
historical
perspective
to
help
us
to
understand
how
we've
gotten
to
where
we
are,
and
we
would
also
like
to
thank
miss
emily
kunzie
and
just
for
her
information
about
the
legacy
commission
and
the
work
that
they
have
put
forth.
There's
a
couple
of
links
in
the
chat.
If
you
want
to
get
more
information
about
the
legacy
commission,
but
definitely
reach
out.
If
you
have
questions,
we
encourage
a
discussion,
we
encourage
the
dialogue
and
there
will
definitely
be
more
to
come.