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From YouTube: Chinese Exclusion Act Panel Discussion
Description
On December 11, 2021 Mayor Darcy Paul hosted a panel discussion regarding the Chinese Exclusion Act. The 1882 law made it illegal for Chinese workers to come to America and for Chinese nationals already in the U.S. to become citizens. The panel included Stanford University professor Gordon Chang, author Connie Young Yu, and Executive Director of the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation Edward Tepporn.
A
A
We
arrive
at
this
topic
due
more
immediately
to
a
recent
event
in
the
cupertino
community
comments
made
by
our
vice
mayor,
liang
chao.
In
a
closed
email
discussion
group
with
other
parents
of
one
of
our
local
public
school
districts
were
reproduced
and
publicized
without
her
permission
or
consultation
with
her
beforehand.
A
A
I
appreciate
our
community's
interest
in
this
topic
and
I
ask
that
we
keep
in
mind
our
common
effort
to
keep
creating
this
righteous
tapestry
of
democracy
that
we
all
have
such
a
privilege
to
work
on
and
improve
to
that
end,
let's
keep
our
discussion
of
a
high
quality
and
friendly
in
the
end.
After
all,
we
are
all
doing
this
to
help
each
other.
B
B
He
has
written
and
continued
to
publish
in
many
areas
of
u.s
diplomacy,
america-china
relationship,
asian-american,
history
and
global
history,
and
there
are
several
books
examined.
The
history
of
chinese
rural
road
workers
in
the
america
in
the
19th
century,
and
professor
trump
can
give
you
open
remarks
thanks.
C
C
I
enjoy
conversations
rather
than
just
lecturing
so
so
let
me
interesting
good.
We
got
good
information
here
on
the
board.
One,
I'm
gonna
offer
some
context
for
the
1882
act.
Let
me
just
make
a
couple
clarifications.
The
1882
act
was
originally
called
the
chinese
restriction
act.
It
was
not
called
the
chinese
exclusion
act.
It
was
a
restriction
act
because
it
was
limited
to
certain
class
of
people
as
we've
talked
about
or
has
been
talked
about.
It
was
aimed
at
chinese
laborers
initially
and
it
was
not
indefinite.
C
C
C
So
it
is
it's
not
just
a
blip,
but
it
was
a
the
crest
of
much
political
activity
and
the
so-called
chinese
question
was
a
national
question
of
great
given
great
attention
in
the
18,
late
1870s
and
early
1880s
the
set.
The
third
point
is
that
the
video
was
a
little
unclear
about
is
that
there
were
two
main
provisions
of
the
act.
C
One
was
this
restriction
of
chinese
laborers
for
10
years,
prohibiting
further
immigration
of
chinese
laborers,
that
that
was
sort
of
a
compromise
among
the
proponents
and
opponents
of
the
bill
and
I'll
talk
more
about
that.
In
a
moment,
these
are
many
people
who,
at
the
time
tried
to
oppose
the
bill
and
because
they
said
it
was
racist,
I
mean
even
at
the
time
there
were
many
who
understood
the
racial
intent
of
the
bill.
C
They
were
deemed
aliens
ineligible
for
citizenship
and
to
me
that
had
more
implication
than
the
restriction
for
various
reasons.
In
any
way,
those
provisions
stayed
in
place
roughly
until
1943.,
so
chinese
either
chinese
immigrants
could
not
become
naturalized
citizens
in
the
united
states
until
1943.,
it's
a
long
60
years
and
and
that
clearly
had
a
racial
intent.
Now
here's
here's
some
other
context.
C
The
the
video
was
correct
in
pointing
out
that
was
the
first
immigration
act
that
specifically
named
a
group
of
ethnic
group
of
people
to
to
exclude
from
the
united
states
what
the
video
could
could
have
done
was
to
place
this
act
in
the
long
continuum
of
american
immigration
act
and
its
racial
intent
and
consequence,
and
I
would
suggest
to
you-
I
would
argue
that
american
immigration
policy
from
the
very
beginning
has
had
a
racial
intent
and
consequence.
Even
today,
america's
immigration
laws
and
enforcement
are
highly
racial.
C
C
Now
here's
some
evidence
to
support
that.
The
first
major
act
that
affected
immigration
to
the
united
states
was
passed
in
1790,
except
1790,
which
is
called
the
naturalization
act
or
the
or
the
natural
nationality
act.
It
goes
by
different
names,
popular
names
now
that
act
in
1790
stipulated
soon
after
the
passage
ratification
of
the
constitution
of
who
could
become
a
citizen
of
the
united
states.
C
That's
why
it's
called
a
naturalization
act,
and
I
said
the
main
key
provision
was
any
free
white
person
could
become
a
citizen
of
the
united
states
through
naturalization.
This
is
not.
This
is
aside
from
those
who
are
native
glory,
so
the
naturalization.
I
think
that
the
people
who
come
from
another
country
come
here
and
obtain
u.s
citizenship.
That's
naturalization,
any
free
white
person
now
that's
clearly
racial
element.
C
We
also
know
that
african
americans,
by
far,
were
already
enslaved
in
the
united
states.
They
were
by
in
the
constitution,
not
citizens
of
the
united
states.
They
could
not
become
citizens
of
the
united
states.
Native
americans
were
considered,
not
citizens
of
the
united
states,
but
of
members
of
alien
and
so
free
white
person.
Even
though
chinese
had
started
to
come
to
the
united
states
beginning
in
the
1850s
with
my
ancestors
it
they
could
not
become
citizens
of
the
united
states
already
from
their
arrival
in
the
united
states.
C
Naturalization
or
naturalization
or
nationality
act,
this
was
passed
soon
after
the
civil
war.
In
the
wake
of
the
passage
of
many
amendments
to
the
constitution,
which
aim
to
give
full
citizenship
to
free
people
to
african
americans
parenthetically,
I'm
really
great
that
we're.
Having
this
conversation,
I'm
a
historian,
I
love
history.
I
wish
more
people
would
love
history
because
we
don't.
C
We
can't
understand
where
we
are
today,
unless
you
know
history,
and
that
goes
for
all
americans
also,
but
especially
newcomers
who
don't
know
the
history
of
this
country
and
what
the
legacy's
inheritances
and
the
shape
of
the
country
is
from
our
history.
So
I'm
a
it's
a
booster
of
studying
history,
so
I'm
giving
you
sort
of
history
lessons
today.
These
are
very,
very
important.
So
in
the
1870
act
there
was
a
heated
discussion
about
this.
You
go
back
and
look
at
the
congressional
record
and
other
committee
records
about
passing
this
and
it
came
up.
C
This
was
an
important
issue
because
the
civil
war
resulted
in
the
freeing
ending
of
slavery
in
the
united
states
because
of
the
amendments
of
the
constitution.
Several
of
them
sought
to
make
sure
that
free
people
were
understood
to
be
citizens
of
the
united
states,
full
citizens
of
the
united
states,
but
there
were
various
ambiguities,
and
one
ambiguity
was
what
about
those
free
people
who
had
been
born
in
africa
and
were
enslaved
in
the
united
states?
Couldn't
be
citizens
in
the
united
states
and
it's
1870
act.
C
C
Now,
in
the
discussion
of
that
act,
people
raised,
including,
very
importantly,
frederick
douglass,
the
leading
leading
black
abolitionist
said:
let's
do
away
with
all
racial
categories
in
the
naturalization
anybody
anybody,
whatever
color,
can
become
a
citizen
of
the
united
states,
black
or
whatever,
and
people
explicitly
raised.
Well,
we
do
that.
Then
the
chinese
are
going
to
become
citizens
and
we
don't
want
that.
C
It's
going
to
be
terrible,
and
so
there
was
a
great
wheel
to
do
about
this
and
unfortunately,
the
passage
of
the
act
included,
those
that
passage
free
white
persons
and
persons
of
african
nativity
and
consciously
excluded
to
china.
So
even
before
the
1882
act,
the
chinese
were
marginalized
in
a
fundamental
way
in
the
united
states
now
and
more
a
little
more
in
legislative
history,
and
this
makes
it
part
of
a
local
history
in.
B
C
1868,
I
know
these
all
distant
dates.
There
was
a
man
named
anson
burlingame.
If
you
know
the
name
burlingame.
I
hope
you
do
it's
just
up
up
the
road
here,
burlingame
town,
which
is
named
after
him,
who
was
anson
burlingame
ants
in
burlingame,
had
been
appointed
by
abraham
lincoln
to
be
the
us
emissary
to
china
and
anson
burlingame
was
have
been
a
congressman
from
massachusetts,
and
he
was
very
keen
on
his
task
of
representing
the
united
states
to
the
empire
of
china
and
later
on,
because
of
his
friendly
attitude.
C
The
chinese
government
hired
him
to
represent
china,
to
the
united
states
and
to
european
countries
a
very
important
person,
and
during
his
time
in
service,
he
encouraged
the
passage
of
a
very
important
treaty
that
became
known
as
the
anson
treaty
for
him:
a
burlingame
treaty,
early
game
treaty,
1868,
which
basically
said
that
the
two
countries,
china
and
the
united
states
were
equal.
They
could
give
equal
access
to
each
other's
countries.
Americans
could
go
to
china,
do
business,
do
conduct
religious
activities
and
so
forth,
and
likewise
the
chinese
could
do
the
same.
C
C
Because
there
were
many
people
who
said
you
can't
pass
this
racist
bill
against
the
chinese,
because
we
have
the
burlingame
tree,
which
accorded
equality
to
the
two
countries
and
the
people
of
both
countries,
and
you
can't
pass
an
act
that
supersedes
diplomatic
treaty.
The
treaties
are
above
congressional
acts,
and
so
they
had
to
find
a
way.
C
The
proponents
of
the
18
exclusion
ways
around
the
burlingame
treaty,
which
they
finally
did
in
1880
or
around
that
time
still
congress
couldn't
pass
that
because
so
many
people
opposed
the
act
because
they
said
it
was
discriminatory
both
on
moral
grounds.
They
said
we
just
came
through
this,
sir.
You
know
we
came
from
recent
memory
of
the
terrible
civil
war
about
race
and
division.
All
that
and
also
they
said,
the
chinese
were
so
valuable
to
the
country
because
they
helped
build
the
railroad,
that's
something
which
I
study.
C
So
the
the
immigration
act
of
1882,
it
sits
in
a
broader
context,
one
of
racialized
immigration
laws
that
had
intent
and
consequence
of
race,
and
we
can
talk
about
today's
immigration
laws,
which
I
think
continue
to
do
that.
But
that's
clearly
the
situation
in
the
1880s
and
up
through
the
subsequent
decades.
A
C
C
C
He'd
been
born
in
the
united
states,
he'd
gone
to
china
as
a
young
man
to
visit
relatives
to
do
business,
and
he
had
took
out
the
records
of
papers
identified
him
and
so
forth,
and
then
he
left
and
he
came
back
no
problem.
He
did
another
trip
on
this
way
in
the
second
trip
or
a
third
trip
when
he
came
back
the
immigration
officer,
some
some
some
guy
at
the
gate
said
you
can't
come
in,
stop
we're
not
entering
because
the.
C
Law
that
immigration
officers
said
is
that
you're
excluded
from
the
united
states,
because
you're
a
chinese
by
blood
by
blood,
the
citizenship
issue.
14Th
amendment
didn't
matter
the
chinese
exclusion
act
said
you
can't
come
into
the
country,
I'm
preventing
you
from
coming
in
the
country.
Eventually
he
took
he.
He
litigated
that
and
took
it
all
the
way
to
the
supreme
court
in
a
very
famous
case,
warned
him
art
versus
the
united
states
and
long
kim
art
case.
C
As
affirming
this
valuable
issue
of
birthright
citizenship,
so
the
1882
act
is
really
important
to
understand
in
and
of
itself,
as
well
as
in
the
broader
context
of
what
it
means
for
american
immigration,
for
american
citizenship
and
for
who
we
are
as
americans
today.
This
is
so
important
in
my
mind,
because
so
much
of
the
anti-asian
violence
we've
seen
in
recent
years
is
based
that
you
know
you
know
these
slurs
go
back
to
where
you
came
from.
C
C
B
E
Thank
you
very
much
nina
for
the
introduction,
and
I
want
to
say
I'm
very
grateful
to
professor
gordon
shang,
my
friend,
from
over
50
years.
He
knows
that
my
work
has
always
been
based
on
oral
history.
The
stories
that
my
ancestors
passed
down
to
me.
You
know
I'm
third
generation
on
my
father's
side.
Fourth
generation
on
my
mother's
and,
let's
see
in
2012
gordon
chang,
invited
me
to
his
office.
E
You
know
to
talk
about
the
new
project
of
stanford's,
new
project,
stanford's
chinese
railroad
workers
project
in
north
in
north
america
project
and
said
you
know,
we're
doing
all
kinds
of
studies
from
archaeology
to
archival
research
and
I'd
like
you
to
conduct
oral
history,
interviews
of
descendants
of
chinese
railroad
workers,
and
I
just
thought:
well,
you
know
going
back.
Do
you
think
any
descendants
would
have
anything
to
say
about
chinese
their
ancestors
who
worked?
You
know
in
from
1865
to
1869
on
the
traffic
on
nel
railroad.
E
He
said
you
may
not
find
much,
but
you
will
find
something
that
you
you
have
to
you
know
this
is
so
such
a
so
worth
trying.
So
we
did
not
find
out.
You
know
the
gear,
a
berry
phone
was
a
videotographer
and
videotaped
the
interviews-
and
I
did
you,
know
the
questions
and
answers
and
had
wonderful
discussions
with
fellow
descendants.
E
We
didn't
find
out
how
the
chinese
they
built
the
tunnels
or
or
how
they
built
10
miles
of
track
in
one
day,
but
what
we
did
find
was
an
incredible
arc
of
the
story
of
the
era
of
chinese
pioneers
through
the
era
of
exclusion
through
world
war
ii
through
the
the
struggles
of
the
the
50s
and
60s.
Yes,
there
were
struggles
and
to
this
day
of
anti-asian
hate.
E
E
So
this
he
was
in
san
francisco
at
the
time
because
on
may
4th
1887
when
he
was
working
in
the
strawberry
fields,
see
santa
clara
valley
was
developed
by
chinese
labor,
and
my
grandfather
was
one
of
the
the
later
ones
we're
talking.
He
came
in
1881
one
year
before
the
exclusion
law
at
the
age
of
11..
E
In
all
my
family,
you
know
all
our
family
reunions
and
discussions,
we've
always
said
you're,
so
lucky
grandpa
came
when
he
was
11
years
old
if
he
waited
until
he
was
12.
We
wouldn't
be
here,
so
I've
always
lived
with
that.
That
kind
of
like
oh
lucky
me,
you
know
we
came
before
the
chinese
exclusion
law,
so
I've
always
known
about
the
struggle
and
what
it
meant
and
also
what
happened
to
our
relatives,
who
tried
to
come
in
afterwards
and
their
detention
on
angel
island
anyway.
E
E
So
it
was
institutionalized
terrorism,
and
I
could
say
that
because
when
my
grandfather,
when
he
would
leave
as
a
young
boy
when
he
would
leave
the
chinatown,
he
would
have
to
run
really
fast
because
rocks
could
be
thrown
at
him
and
nobody
would
stop
them.
Stop
the
the
people
throwing
rocks
at
him
and
he'd
have
have
to
run
back
really
fast.
E
You
know
back
to
the
the
safety
of
home
base,
which
was
market
street
chinatown,
and
it
was
the
third
largest
chinatown
at
the
time
that
it
was
burned
and
it
was
a
home
base
for
thousands
of
workers
because
it
takes
it
takes
a
lot
of
people
to
support
a
chinatown
that
large
and
so
the
the
city
already
had
condemned
the
chinatown.
The
chinese
were
were
supposed
to
be
evicted,
but
before
that
happened,
the
arson
fire,
and
so
the
chinese
were
left
homeless.
E
But
within
10
days
of
the
fire,
the
chinese
merchants
were
already
meeting
you
know
to
to
try
to
to
stay,
they
wanted
to
stay.
There
was
resistance,
and
this
is
important.
They
signed
an
agreement
with
john
heinlein
who
owned
some
packed
pasture
land,
which
is
now
japantown,
and
it
was
a
struggle
for
him.
E
Perhaps
the
residents
were
more
fortunate
than
places
like
in
tacoma
and
rock
springs,
where
chinese
were
shot
and
beaten
and
driven
out
of
town,
but
there
were
casualties,
but
the
chinese
themselves.
They
they
during
the
fire.
There
were
casualties,
they
were
burned,
trying
to
save
their
things,
while
people,
the
citizens
around
the
town
stood
and
watched
and
laughed.
E
E
To
show
me
when
I
was
writing
my
first
article
called
chinese
and
american
courts
in
1972,
and
it
was
about
you
know
how
the
chinese
went
to
court
to
fight
the
exclusion,
laws
and
ordinances,
and
some
battles
won
many
lost.
But
my
mother
said:
oh,
you
want
to
see
this
document.
I've
kept
in
my
trunk
all
these
years
as
if
she's
afraid
that
we'd
be
kicked
out
if
he
didn't
have
it.
E
So
this
is
wong
wag,
and
that
was
his
name
before
he
got
married
at
young
songwong
later
and
then
I
wanted
to
show
you
certificates
of
of
a
family,
a
friend
of
mine,
janice
tong
in
san
francisco
said.
You
know
I've
been
keeping
these
documents
and
nobody's
ever
seen
them,
but
I've
been
keeping
them
for
safekeeping.
I
know
they're
important
and-
and
I
asked,
if
for
permission
to
show
them.
E
This
is
her
great
grandmother
and
she's
25
years
old,
and
you
see
it's
she's
a.
She
is
a
mother
and
she
works
in
in
a
sewing
factory
and
she's.
It's
listed
as
laborer
there
and
here's
her
husband
and
also
listed
as
laborer,
and
it
says
that
he
is
sewing
in
a
factory
in
san
francisco
and
he's
35
years
old,
and
here
is
janice's
grandfather
there,
the
couple's
child,
and
he
you
see
the
stamp.
It
says
person
other
than
laborer
and
he's
listed
his
occupation.
E
It
looks
like
student
he's
eight
years
old
and
I
think
he
was
probably
seven
because
the
chinese
always
added
another
year.
You
know
they
counted.
You
know
the
nine
months
as
a
year,
so
I
I
think
it's
important
that
we
have
faces
and
names
to
the
people
who
who
endured
all
these
things
and
and
here
they
are
and
that's
the
documentation.
I
have
thank
you.
B
D
Great,
thank
you
mina.
Thank
you,
mayor,
paul
for
hosting
this
and
professor
chang
connie.
It
is
an
honor
to
be
on
the
stage
with
you
before
I
begin
remarks.
I
wanted
to
ask
a
question
of
the
people
who
are
watching
this
live
in
the
room.
Can
you
please
raise
your
hand
if
you
learned
about
angel
island
in
school.
D
D
I
grew
up
in
houston,
texas
and
definitely
did
not
learn
about
angel
island
in
school
there.
When
I
finally
did
learn
about
angel
island.
I
was
appalled
on
two
levels:
first,
that
this
happened,
that
over
500
000
people
were
interrogated,
processed
processed
and
detained
at
angel
island
because
of
their
race,
because
most
of
them
were
asian
pacific
islanders.
D
Angel
island
has
sometimes
been
called
the
ellis
island
of
the
west,
but
whereas
the
statue
of
liberty
and
ellis
island
are
a
reminder
of
our
country's
welcome
of
immigrants
over
the
years
angel
island
reminds
us
of
a
darker
chapter,
one
of
exclusion
and
detention,
and
over
the
next
couple
of
slides.
I
just
want
to
share
a
little
bit
with
you
about
this
history
of
angel
island.
That
again,
many
of
us
have
not
learned
in
class,
at
least
so.
D
Following
up
on
professor
chang's
remarks,
it's
important
to
note
that
there
were
decades
of
exclusionary
immigration
laws
that
targeted
asians
and
pacific
islanders.
So,
as
he
noted
the
chinese
exclusion
act,
although
it
was
one
of
the
first,
it
was
definitely
not
the
last
and
you
see
represented
by
these
other
bullet
points,
a
whole
litany
of
other
immigration
policies
and
laws
that
were
passed
in
the
decades.
D
I
want
to
take
a
moment
to
really
reflect
on
on
the
images
that
you
see
on
on
the
screen
and
to
distinguish
what
the
process
looked
like
for.
Immigrants
who
came
through
angel
island
versus
those
who
came
through
ellis
island,
so
ellis
island
was
really
meant
as
a
processing
center
as
an
open
door.
Most
european
immigrants
who
came
through
ellis
island
spent
only
a
matter
of
hours
in
processing
on
ellis
island
before
being
allowed
to
enter
the
u.s.
D
Those
who
traveled
from
china
would
be
on
board
a
steamboat
that
took
about
three
weeks
to
make
the
journey
across
the
pacific
ocean.
Once
that
steamboat
arrived
in
san
francisco
bay,
they
were
greeted
by
immigration
officials
and
those
immigration
officials
would
go
into
the
cabins
of
the
first
class
passengers
in
the
privacy
of
their
own
cabins.
They
would
have
a
very
cursory
registration
and
perhaps
a
very
cursory
medical
screening
and
if
you
weren't
one
of
the
excluded
classes,
because
there
were
different
exceptions
for
the
chinese
exclusion
act.
D
And
in
many
cases
women
experienced
that
categorization.
Because
back
then,
unless
you
were
especially
a
woman
traveling
by
yourself
and
not
with
a
husband
or
family,
there
were
concerns
that
you
might
be
a
person
of
ill
repute
or
essentially
a
prostitute.
And
then
there
was
also
people
who
might
have
one
of
the
list
of
excludable
medical
conditions.
D
And
that
would
also
be
a
reason
for
someone
to
be
put
on
this
ferry
to
go
to
angel
island.
Once
people
landed
at
angel
island,
they
were
segregated
on
three
different
levels:
asians
were
segregated
from
other
non-asians,
chinese
were
segregated
from
other
asians
and
men
and
women
were
segregated
from
each
other.
D
D
I
do
want
to
note
that
in
in
this
particular
photo,
we
believe
it's
a
staged
photo
because
the
the
men
are
only
half
undressed
but
again
from
historical
accounts.
They
the
immigrants
they
were
forced
to
to
fully
undress,
and
for
chinese
in
particular.
This
was
even
more
humiliating
because
the
medical
practices
at
the
time
in
china-
you
didn't
have
you.
You
remained
fully
clothed
when
you
visited
an
herbalist
or
a
medical
practitioner
in
china,
so
this
was
very
foreign
to
the
chinese
and
other
asian
immigrants.
D
That
length
of
detention
typically
was
only
a
couple
of
days,
perhaps
a
week
at
the
longest,
whereas
for
chinese
immigrants,
it
often
stretched
into
months
and
part
of
the
reason
for
that
is
as
what
you
see
on
the
right
hand,
side.
The
process
also
included
what
was
called
a
board
of
special
inquiry.
In
other
words,
it
was
truly
an
interrogation
that
could
last
for
hours
days
and
onto
weeks
and
months.
D
What
they
would
happen
during
these
boards
of
special
inquiry
is
that
the
immigration
officials
would
ask
question
upon
question
hundreds
of
questions
of
these
immigrants
trying
to
verify
their
identity,
and
they
are
questions
that
even
for
those
who
were
authentically
traveling,
who
had
a
legal
right
to
be
entering
the
u.s,
would
be
difficult
to
answer.
Questions
such
as
what
direction
does
the
window
in
your
bedroom
face?
D
How
many
steps
are
in
your
home?
What's
the
name
of
the
neighbor
who
lives
three
doors
down
from
you,
and
so
these
questions
would
be
answered
by
the
immigrants
and
then
matched
with
the
person
that
they
claimed
was
their
their
relative
often
times
for
the
chinese
immigrants
undergoing
this
detention.
D
D
And
just
very
quickly,
there
are
a
few
people
whose
names
might
be
more
familiar
to
all
of
us.
On
the
left-hand
side.
I
am
pay
spent
a
few
days
on
angel
island
in
the
middle
of
the
screen,
tyrus
wong,
who
is
renowned
for
being
a
disney
animator
and
painted
many
of
the
beautiful
backdrops
that
all
of
us
who
saw
bambi
grew
up
with
and
then
on
the
right
hand,
side
of
the
screen,
the
begay
family.
D
D
D
We
in
one
month's
time
will
have
two
buildings
that
are
open
to
the
public
that
represent
not
only
the
history
of
immigration
through
angel
island,
but
also
immigration.
Today,
on
the
left-hand
side
is
the
detention
barracks
museum
and,
in
this
museum,
you'll
find
over
200
points
that
were
carved
by
the
chinese
detainees
that
really
lift
up
the
themes
and
elements
of
their
detention
and
their
experience,
and
it's
these
poems
that
allowed
us
to
save
the
site.
D
B
Thank
you,
edward
and
thanks
professor
chang
connie
and
ed,
and
we
really
learned
a
lot
today
and
what
you
shared
is
really
important,
and
we
should
remember
the
history,
because
history
is
always
a
mirror
to
the
future
yeah.
That
will
will
keep
that
in
mind
and
thank
you
for
the
suggestion
for
our
generation.
Yes,
we
should
stand
up,
speed
out
and
be
more
involved
in
our
community,
and
we
should
ask
our
friends
to
vote
to
make
our
voice
slaughter
and
now
I
just
asked
mayor
paul
to
come
back
for
the
conclusion
remark.
A
Thanks
mina-
and
I
I
do
want
to
thank
all
of
our
audience
members
for
being
here
today-
justin
I
I
did
want
to
mention
that
our
president
of
the
cupertino
historical
site
is
actually
sitting
right
behind
you,
and
so
before
I
give
my
kind
of
formal
closing
remarks.
I
also
wanted
to
mention
connie
with
regard
to
your
comment
about
the
mayor
of
saratoga
talking
about
a
door
slam
in
her
face.
The
other
comment
that
she
had
made
was
that
one
of
the
neighbors
actually
said.
A
A
Well,
thank
you,
mina
and
thank
you
everyone
for
helping
us
to
have
this
valuable
discussion
today.
I
would
like,
in
this
brief,
closing,
also
to
thank
a
couple
of
people
who
helped
make
our
program
happen.
First,
thanks
to
buck
g
for
making
some
key
introductions
for
our
very
excellent
panelists
here
today,
thanks
so
very
much
to
our
entire
panel
to
our
moderator,
meena
shu,
to
professor
gordon
chang,
to
connie
young
you
and
to
ed
tuporn,
and
can
we
have
a
big
round
of
applause
for
the
entire
plan.
A
I
realized,
after
consulting
with
our
city,
attorney,
in
order
to
do
that,
we
would
have
to
notice
the
special
meeting
that
we
have
here
right
now
today,
and
this
is,
as
was
pointed
out,
just
the
first
step
in
cupertino
producing
content,
which
we
expect
to
produce
and
release
in
january
2022,
and
I
want
to
help
produce
that,
of
course.
But
I
want
to
thank
our
city
staff
for
helping
to
put
this
together
for
us
and
on
behalf
of
our
city
council.
A
My
closing
message
to
all
of
us
is
that
I
hope
that
we
can
all
strive
to
understand
and
that
we
all
have
our
facets
and
complexities,
but
we
still
have
to
do
our
best
to
be
good
friends,
to
try
to
understand
each
other,
to
share
common
values
and
to
work
together
to
keep
forming
that
more
perfect
union
thanks
again
and
we'll
keep
this
good
conversation
going.
Take
care.