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From YouTube: DevoWorm (2023, meeting #14): devoworm.github.io and docs, Symmetries in Early Life and Development
Description
Update on docs and web infrastructure for DevoLearn/DevoZoo. Papers from the special issue on Symmetries in Mind and Life (RSIF). Symmetry and asymmetry in early life, a new theory of early life, revisiting the role of symmetry-breaking in the embryo. Attendees: Susan Crawford-Young, Jesse Parent, Richard Gordon, and Bradly Alicea
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It's
the
same
day
yeah
and
they
obviously
I
mean
you
know.
I
just
reviewed
I
just
did
a
review
for
a
journal
in
Serbia,
and
they
very
clearly
think
this
paper
by
acceptable
as
it
binary
revisions
with
major
revisions
or
reject
great,
and
they
very
clearly
give
you
the
options.
Yeah
just
still
gave
no
options,
so
they
left
it
completely
up
to
them
up
to
themselves.
Yeah.
C
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B
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B
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B
Oh
yeah,
I
was
gonna
say
about
the
the
Google
summer
of
code
projects,
so
those
have
been
those
have
been
in
so
they're
been
turned
in
and
we're
waiting
for
our
slot
decisions
to
be
made.
So
we
may
have
one
or
two
people
working
on
it
this
summer,
hopefully
in
that
project,
that
the
graph
neural
networks,
project
and
I
also
had
some
interest
from
Hari
Krishna
on
revising
the
or
revitalizing
the
digital
microsphere
stuff
that
he
was
doing
last
year.
A
A
B
B
Yeah,
it's
anyways
just
to
let
you
know
where
that
stands
so
yeah
I
hope
we
can
get
some
good
good
work
done
this
summer.
A
lot
of
contributions
to
the
web
to
the
our
Diva
worm,
IO
site,
that
I
showed
last
week,
they've
been
such
month
and
Goth
have
been
contributing
to
that.
Quite
a
bit,
so
I've
been
making
a
lot
of
pull
requests,
putting
things
in
so
it's
a
lot
different
now
you
know
and
they'll
be
I.
Guess
they're
going
to
be
putting
up
like
a
Blog
infrastructure
on
there.
B
A
A
A
C
A
Like
that
yeah,
that
seemed
to
be
where
they
still
are
at
well
and
I've
tried
to
find
papers
about
tissue
and
and
tensegrity
of
tissue
and
so
on,
and
they
keep
taking
a
single
cell
and
saying:
oh,
this
is
an
epithelial
cell
and
we're
going
to
work
with
this,
and
it
ends
up
being
like
an
amoe
boy
cell
or
or
something
isolation,
yeah,
so
I
still
think
I've
I've
added
something
to
the
model
with
with
my
model.
So
look.
B
A
A
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And
oh
there's
another
paper
and
the
the
researchers
reduced
the
amount
of
ATP
inside
a
cell
and
it
made
it
it's
stiffer.
So
the
cytoskeleton
is
no
longer
the
dominant
mechanics
in
this
cell.
It's
a
cytosol,
it's
got
ADP
in
it,
so
I'm
going
oh
well,
there
there's
my
quote
from
alive
to
dead
I've,
been
saying
that,
like
it
changes,
if
your
cell
is
alive,
it's
got
a
different
mechanics
from
a
dead
cell.
A
C
B
So
yeah
I'll
just
share
my
screen,
so
this
is
the
stuff
for
divawarm.github.io.
I
was
mentioning.
We
have
a
number
of
pull
requests
here
that
have
been
well
I,
think
so
schmoth
has
merged
them
so
but
I've
just
reviewed
them
so
they're,
probably
about
10
from
this
week,
maybe
and
it's
just
adding
the
blog
blogs
page
changing
some
of
the
aspects
of
that,
so
there's
a
whole
sort
of
documentation
section
in
there,
and
so
that's
that's
nice.
B
B
B
So
this
is
basically
he
used
it
to
describe
the
scaling
of
goals
from
cellular
to
anatomical,
homeostasis
and
evolutionary
simulation
experiment
and
Analysis.
So
that's
what
that
looks
like
and
it
just
generates
an
image
from
what
it's
been
trained
on,
which
is
a
lot
of
the
internet.
So
it's
like
some
sort
of
chicken
person
and
a
tree
so.
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B
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C
Access
I
guess
it's
called
okay
when
I
was
thinking
back,
you
know
that's
how
pasture
originally
discovered
things,
because
he
had.
He
had
a
racemic
mixture
of
tartaric
acid,
but
he
had
these
tiny
crystals
and
the
crystals
themselves
were
were
polarized,
and
so,
if
you,
when
he
separated
them
by
hand,
he
was
able
to
demonstrate
polarity.
C
B
B
Let's
see
so,
we
have
yeah
there
there's
some
interesting
there's
this
one
chiral
Conformity
emerges
from
the
least
Time
free
energy
consumption,
so
this
is
the
chirality
of
biological
polymers
and
this
is
at
the
origin
of
life.
So
there
is
a
lot
of
there's
a
fair
amount
of
original
life
in
here.
Actually,
oh,
okay,
good
so
yeah
the
predominance
of
Mantra
matter
over
anti-matter
is
presumed
to
follow
some
subtle
bias
or
matter
at
the
dawn
of
the
universe
and
then
talking
about
handedness
and
and
chirality,
and
then
free
energy
minimization.
B
So
that's
what's
up
that's
good
and
then
this
paper
here,
which
is
mixed
anhydrides
at
the
intersection
between
peptide
and
RNA
Auto
catalytic
sets
evolution
of
biological
coding.
So
this
is
where
this
is
talking
about.
The
original
biological
coding
and
coding
originated
from
a
cooperation
between
two
originally
separate
collectively.
Auto
catalytic
sets
one
for
nucleic
acids
and
one
for
peptides
upon
interaction.
A
series
of
RNA
folding
directed
processes
led
to
their
joint
cooperativity.
C
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B
So
this
as
a
over
the
short
span
of
just
300
years
since
the
invention
of
modern
physics,
we've
gained
a
deeper
understanding
of
how
our
universe
works
on
both
small
and
large
scales.
Yeah
physics
is
still
very
young
when
it
comes
to
using
it
to
explain.
Life
is
a
struggle,
so
even
today
we
can't
really
explain
what
the
differences
between
a
living
lump
of
matter
and
a
dead
one,
but
her
and
her
colleagues
are
creating
a
new
physics
of
life.
B
So
the
importance
of
time,
Isaac
Newton
described
the
universe
where
laws,
never
change
and
time
is
an
immutable
and
absolute
backdrop
against
which
everything
moves.
Darwin,
however,
observed
the
universe
where
endless
forms
are
generated.
Each
changing
features
of
what
came
before
suggesting
that
times
should
not
only
have
a
Direction
but
in
some
ways
folds
back
on
itself.
B
B
C
B
B
C
B
A
B
So
the
key
to
understanding
why
life
is
not
explainable.
In
current
physics,
maybe
to
reconsider
our
Notions
of
time
is
the
key
difference
between
the
universe
as
described
by
Newton,
and
that
of
Darwin
time
has
in
fact
been
reinvented
many
times
throughout
the
history
of
physics.
So
there's
this
whole
area
called
the
philosophy
of
time
where
they
talk
about
like
how
time
is
conceived
or
how
to
conceive
of
time.
So
in
Newton's
time
time
was
fixed
and
absolute,
whereas
in
Einstein's
time
time
became
a
dimension
just.
C
B
So
it's
just
a
dimension
just
like
space,
but
whether
it's
reversible
and
then,
of
course
you
know-
we
talked
about.
We've
talked
about
thermal
second
law
of
Thermodynamics,
where
you
know
there's
this
idea
that
time
zero
or
at
least
the
flow
of
energy
is
irreversible
in
time.
And
so
that's
you
know,
that's
another
view
of
time.
I
guess
and
just
dissolve
points
in
space
exist
all
at
once,
so
to
all
points
in
time.
So
I
guess
this
is
referring
to
Einstein's
view
of
time.
B
This
philosophy
of
time
is
sometimes
referred
to
as
the
block
Universe
we're
past
present
and
future
equally
real
and
exist
in
a
static
structure
with
no
special
now
in
quantum
mechanics,
the
passage
of
time
emerges
from
how
Quantum
States
change
from
one
to
the
next.
So
this
kind
of
goes
through
this
kind
of
talk.
This
talks
about
thermodynamics,
the
invention
of
thermodynamics,
take
gave
time
its
Arrow
explaining
why
it's
moving
forward
rather
than
backwards.
B
So
the
all
points
in
time
exist
but
you're
moving
in
One
Direction,
and
so
you
know
anything
in
the
universe.
That's
operating
like
as
a
as
a
dynamical
system,
I
guess
such
as
a
working
engine,
that's
irreversible
because
it
only
works
in
One,
Direction
forward
same
would
hold
true
for
life
and
living
things.
B
Then
you
know,
then,
to
go
directly
to
evolution
in
Life
or
specific
to
that
to
build
novel
things.
Evolution
requires
time.
Endless
novelty
can
only
come
to
be
in
a
universe
where
time
exists
and
has
a
clear
Direction
evolution
is
the
only
physical
process
in
our
universe
that
can
generate
the
succession
of
Novel
objects.
We
associate
to
life
things
like
microbes
and
mammals,
trees
and
even
cell
phones.
C
C
B
B
C
C
B
I
think
what
they're
getting
at
with
this
memory
part
is
that
life
needs
like
something
like
RNA
or
DNA
to
have
a
memory
of
what
came
in
the
previous
generation.
So
you
pass
on
genes
or
you
have
RNA
molecules
in
there.
You
know
they
might
get
modified
over
time
where
they're
they're,
the
same
ones
and
and
that
tells
the
cell
or
the
organism
how
to
you
know
what
to
do,
and
so
that's
that's
the
idea
of
memory.
C
C
C
A
A
A
B
C
B
B
So
yeah
so
to
explain
life.
We
therefore
need
to
understand
how
the
complex
object's
life
creates
exists
in
time
with
your
collaborators
have
been
doing
just
that
in
a
newly
proposed
Theory
of
physics
called
assembly
Theory.
So
assembly
theory
is
that
as
objects
become
more
complex,
the
number
of
unique
parts
that
make
it
up
increases
and
so
does
the
need
for
local
memory
to
store
how
to
assemble
the
object
from
its
unique
parts.
B
So
that's
basically
like
maybe
like
our
vesicles,
where
we
have
more
particles
or
more
particle
types.
This
increases,
as
maybe
the
object,
grows
or
becomes
more
complex.
So
then
you
need
a
local
memory
to
store
an
assembly
like
some
instructions
for
assembly.
So,
if
you,
you
know,
have
an
organism
that
has
maybe
a
couple
of
segments.
B
B
B
B
B
C
C
B
So
they
actually
have
some
interesting
things
here,
so,
although
it
has
been
notoriously
difficult
to
pin
down
precisely
what
is
it
that
makes
life
so
distinct
and
remarkable,
there's
General
agreement
that
it's
informational
aspect
is
one
key
property,
perhaps
the
key
property,
the
unique
informational
Narrative
of
living
systems
suggests
that
life
may
be
characterized
by
context
dependent
causal
influences
or
this
top-down
causation
or
downward
causation.
So
this
is
where
higher
levels
constrain
the
Dynamics
of
lower
levels,
so
basic
ways
you
get
more
complex
things
form
these
sort
of
hierarchical
levels.
B
B
B
B
Yeah
I
think
so
yeah
definitely
yeah,
where
the
crucial
distinction
that
determining
which
phase
non-life
or
life
above
given
system
is
in
requires
dynamical
information
and
therefore
it
can
only
be
inferred
by
identifying
causal
architecture.
So
that's
like
just
I
guess
the
history
of
the
system,
the
you
know
how
it's
interacting
and
so
forth,
so
they
actually
do
I
think
some
experiments
in
this
paper,
you're
going
through
the
things
you've
talked
about
here,
there's
a
digital
origin
of
life.
B
So
they
talk
about
the
genetics
first
Paradigm
identifying
a
digital
information
repository
for
a
living
systems,
so
any
living
system
has
to
have
sort
of
a
digital
information
store,
whether
that
be
DNA
or
RNA,
and
then
a
widely
accepted
resolution
to
this
this
genotype
phenotype
problem
at
the
origin
of
life
is
the
modern
DNA
protein
world,
where
you've
evolved
from
simpler
precursor
systems,
involving
only
one
major
molecular
species
that
played
both
the
role
of
information
carrier
and
of
enzymatic
catalyst.
So
you
have
this
this
sequence
or
this.
B
C
B
B
B
Now
they
do
have
this
Hallmarks
of
life
table,
so
this
is
their
Hallmarks
of
life
and,
of
course,
everyone
proposes
sort
of
a
threshold
for
life.
So
that's
not
like
new,
but
you
know
they
talk
about
things
like
Global
organization,
information
as
a
causal
agency,
top-down
causation,
analog
and
digital
information,
processing
laws
and
States
could
evolve
dual
hardware
and
software
roles
for
a
genetic
material,
non-trivial,
replication,
I,
don't
know
what
that
is.
C
B
C
Okay,
put
your
list
back
up
yeah,
it's
right
here:
a
drop
of
water
has
Global
organization.
Yeah,
presumably
has
no
information,
okay
on
top
down
causation.
Yes,
if
you
dent
a
drop
of
water
with,
let's
say
a
hydrophobic
probe,
you'll
get
a
dent
in
the
drop
and
but
the
configuration
of
that
will
depend
on
the
global
organization.
C
B
C
C
B
C
B
I
mean
I
threw
a
wrench
in
the
works.
You
could
say
that,
like
life,
maybe
or
that
water
is
maybe
would
be
living,
but
it's
like
part
of
a
living
system,
because
we
have
this
sort
of
symbiosis
with
other
things.
It's
like
water
is
a
major
part
of
life
because
it's
maybe
close
to
that
boundary.
Yeah.
C
B
C
B
C
Our
in
our
paper,
where
assumption
that
a
a
metabolism
is
sufficient
to
get
life,
started
right
now,
metabolism,
it's
structure,
I
suppose
you
could
call
Amendment,
but
certainly
it's
not
a
memory
of
DNA
RNA
sense
right.
Okay!
So
we're
not
presuming
to
go
all
the
way
through
a
residential
structure
yeah
and
what
we
say:
yeah
the
things
alive
as
soon
as
it's
got
a
metabolism.
So
that's
the
concept
of
autocadolysis
right.
B
So
yeah
they
talk
about
Turing
machines,
for
example,
and
they
talk
about
you
know
just
this
need
for,
and
of
course
you
know
like
metabolism
is
its
own
sort
of
information
and
memory.
It's
sort
of
like
a
memory
of
previous
States
or
you
know,
staying
within
a
certain
range
of
values,
homeostasis
and
things
like
that.
So
it's
a
very
different
type
of
Regulation
and
but
I
think.
The
question
maybe
is
like
what
came
first,
that
information
have
to
come
first
to
build
the
metabolic
system
or
we
just
have
a
metabolic
system.
B
Yeah,
so
that's
great,
and
then
that's
that's
that
paper
and
then
this
paper
here
is
kind
of
a
sort
of
a
high
it's.
What
is
this
competitive
exclusion
principle
among
synthetic
non-biochemical
protocells?
So
this
is
an
interesting
paper.
It's
coming
up
in
terms
of
the
idea
of
protocells
and
kind
of
what
they
you
know,
you
can
do
experiments
with
these
different
protocells.
B
So
this
is
having
to
do
with
you
know,
putting
things
in
a
protocell
and
looking
at
the
sort
of
reactions
that
you
get
so
you
have
here
one
pot
synthesis
of
simple
non-biochemical,
functional
protocell
populations.
Two
populations
emerge
when
you
put
them
into
this
protocell
differing.
Only
in
that
one
has
an
advantage.
Reproduction.
A
B
It
goes
to
Abundant
food,
so
they
start
to,
they
can
coexist.
I
guess
is
the
point
and
then,
when
they're
scarce
food,
the
protocell
with
zntpp
dominates,
they
consume
the
food.
The
protocell
without
zntpp
dies
off,
there's
just
one
little
Colony
here,
where
there's
one
little
protocell
here,
and
so
the
idea
is
that
with
abundant
food,
you
can
get
a
coexistence
of
these
two
protocells
and
then
with
with
food,
and
they
don't
really
consume
all
the
food
and
then,
when
they're
scarce
food
they
one
dominates.
B
So
this
basically
says
that
you
know
when
you
have
a
certain
chemical
composition
in
a
protocell.
It
can
now
compute
other
protocells,
and
so
it's
kind
of
an
interesting
study
in,
like
you
know
these
really
early
cells
and
what
they're
you
know,
what
their
contents
are
and
how
they
started
to
sort
of
emerge,
as
you
know,
maybe
get
giving
some
of
that
memory
and
what
it
can
do
so.
B
B
Breaking
yeah
yeah,
it
is
here
we
report
on
competition,
experiments
between
two
populations
of
autonomous,
artificial
self-booting
self,
reproducing
polymer
based
protocells.
So
these
are
where
you're
putting
in
like
different
elements
in
the
protocell,
and
you
know
letting
them
loose
emerging
from
a
homogeneous
blend
of
small
synthetic
chemicals
in
a
one-pot
reactor
using
polymerization-induced
self-assembly,
which
is
Pisa
their
definition
of
that
these
protocells
are
carbon
chemistry
based,
but
biochemistry
free.
B
B
Competition
is
shared
in
the
shared
in
the
shared
environment,
follows
the
cep.
Competitive
exclusion
principle.
Thus
biochemistry
is
sufficient,
but
not
necessary
to
drive
the
cep.
So
we
don't
need
biochemistry
to
have
this
sort
of
sort
of
lifelike
Behavior,
even
like
a
darwinian
type
of
of
evolution.
Does.
A
B
B
C
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
A
B
Think
there's
much
more
to
the
paper.
Well,
they
should
like
yeah.
They
show
like
polymerization
and
fast
polymerization
slow
polymerization,
so
they
show
these.
This
is
basically
how
you
get
this
differential.
This
differential
population
in
this
population
there's
fast
polymerization
in
this
one,
there's
slow
polymerization.
So
this
one
gets
out
competed
because
it
doesn't
have
the
zntpp
molecule
that
we
saw
up
above.
B
B
85
by
the
square
one,
and
so
that's
the
midline
there,
and
then
we
could
have
four-fold
symmetry,
which
would
be
something
like
this
think
in
our
paper.
We
give
an
example
of
four-fold
symmetrical,
so
it's
technically
two-fold
symmetry
in
the
c
squared.
So
that's
this
is
actually
how
we
can
go
to
I've
just
drawn
a
four-fold
system
where
we
have
the
four
lobes
and
these
two
axes.
B
So
that
that's
a
very
simple
way
to
sort
of
characterize
this
I
like
this
paper,
because
it
actually
talks
about
emergence
and
it
talks
about
this
paper
by
Philip
Anderson,
which
is
actually
a
good
paper
to
think
about
complexity,
Theory
and
the
sum
being
greater
than
the
parts.
So
this
is
a
early
paper
on
emergence,
and
this
actually
has
a
lot
to
do
with
development,
as
well
as
just
general
complex
systems
here,
so
I
wouldn't
also
bring
our
attention
to
some
of
the
cemetery
breaking
stuff
that
we've
done
in
the
past.
B
So
this
folder
here
is
has
pattern
formation
models
from
August,
9,
2021,
symmetry
transformations
of
metazo
and
evolution
from
May,
31st
2021,
and
this
annual
review
of
Cell
Biology
paper,
which
is
new
to
us.
So
if
we
go
back
to
pattern
formation
models,
we
had
a
couple
papers
and
that
in
August,
9th
of
21.
B
B
And
symmetry
breaking,
so
if
we
go
back
to
our
board,
we
can
see
that
we-
actually,
we
have
a
problem
here
where,
by
we
start
with
a
single
sphere
or
something
oblong,
perhaps
but
we'll
start
with
a
sphere,
and
then
we
have
these
symmetry
breaking
events,
so
we
can
map
development
out
as
a
set
of
symmetry
breaking
events.
We
might
have
something
like
this,
so
we
have
these.
We
have
say
an
anterior
posterior
orientation
of
single
sphere.
B
A
B
A
center
twofold
symmetry
breaking
here.
This
is
where
you
have
an
asymmetry
between
this
cell
and
this
cell.
The
cells
divided,
the
cell,
isn't
the
cell
is
divided
twice.
A
cell
is
not
only
divided
once
this
cell
is
divided
four
times
and
the
cells
divided
twice.
You
can
see
in
each
pole,
you're
having
this
right.
A
B
B
A
B
B
We
also
talked
about
pattern
formation
for
pneumatic
liquid
crystals,
modeling
analysis
and
application.
This
was
a
little
bit
more,
unlike
done,
soft
active
materials
and
some
of
the
things
going
on
off
liquid
crystals
and,
of
course,
symmetry
is
important
in
liquid
Crystal
formation.
So
we
talked
a
little
bit
about
that.
B
This
is
a
paper
on
mathematicians
for
symmetry
phase
transition,
so
this
gets
into
the
idea
of
phase
Transitions
and
how
those
are
recorded
for
breaking
symmetry.
As
you
can
see
from
this
example,
you're
underwearing
a
phase
transition
when
you
have
these
asymmetries
so
there's
a
chain,
a
very
quick
change
from
one
state
to
another,
and
you
get
perhaps
one
part
of
the
embryo
undergoes
a
phase
transition
relative
to
the
other
part,
and
so
you
get
these
asymmetries.
B
But
this
is
a
so
this
is.
A
group
of
mathematicians
have
shown
that
at
critical
moments,
a
symmetry
with
gold,
rotational
invariance,
is
Universal
Property
across
many
physical
systems,
and
so
this
talks
a
little
bit
about
rotational,
invariance
and
rotational
variances
of
Symmetry
exhibited
by
the
circle
rotated
in
any
number
of
degrees,
and
it
looks
the
same
so
this
is
where
we're
looking
at
the
Circle
from
different
orientations,
we're
considering
it
from
different
orientations
and
that's
actually
something
you
have
in
the
embryo
I'm
showing
you
a
two-dimensional
sort
of
flat
surface.
B
But
the
embryo
is
a
rotational
thing.
It's
maybe
oblong
it's
maybe
more
spherical.
It's
maybe
differentiated
a
bit,
but
it's
this
three-dimensional
shape,
and
so,
when
we
rotate
it,
we
can
get
different
perspectives
on
it.
But
we
also
have
different
things
going
on
at
different
orientations,
and
so
that
leads
us
to
this
last
paper
here,
which
is
the
Dynamics
of
morphogenesis.
Since
the
stem
cell
based
embryology,
novel
insights
for
symmetry
breaking,
this
is
from
2021
in
developmental
biology.
B
B
Opportunity
to
quantitatively
dissect
the
multiple
physical
and
molecular
processes
that
shape
the
mammalian.
So
in
this
paper
they
review
biochemical
mechanisms
governing
early
mammalian
patterning.
So
we
were
kind
of
using
a
c
elegans
template
here,
but
we
could
also
look
at
mammalian
patterning
as
well
to
recreate
this
in
vitro
using
stem
cells.
We
discussed
how
the
novel
insights
from
these
model
systems
extend
previously
proposed
Concepts
to
illuminate
the
extent
to
which
embryonic
cells
have
the.
B
Capability
to
generate
specific
reproducible
patterns
during
memory
of
Genesis,
so
they're
doing
this
they're
using
this
special
type
of
system
to
look
at
embryos
and
healthy
money
into
symmetry,
breaking
and
they're.
Looking
at
this
problem
of
anterior
plus
anterior
posterior
axis
specifications
so
they're
trying
to
get
these
cells
to
differentiate
in
different
locations
and
break
the
symmetry
of
sameness
in
the
early
early.
B
B
This
process
requires
complex
networks
of
signaling
interactions
at
the
level
of
single
cells,
as
well
as
geometric
and
topological
Transformations
at
the
level
of
the
embryo.
So
we've
talked
about
this
with
respect
to
this
little
chart.
Here
you
have
these
topological
changes,
but
within
this
you
have
signaling
differences,
so
there
are
signaling
differences
that
are
going
on
in
the
interior
and
the
posterior
and
and
as
those
differentiate
they
lead
to
this
phase
transition.
B
You
know
it
should
be
a
sudden
change,
maybe
corresponding
with
some
sort
of
cell
division,
but
you
still
have
this
aspect
of
sort
of
multi-level
or
multi-scale
symmetry
breaking
so
changes
at
the
smaller
scale
contribute
to
these
bigger
changes
of
the
higher
scale.
So
molecular
changes
contribute
to
the
cellular
phase
transition
and
you
get
symmetry
breaking.
B
This
complexity
is
Amplified
gastrulation,
so
at
this
stage
of
gastrulation
or
embryonic
radial,
symmetry
is
broken
to
establish
the
anterior
posterior
axis
and
germ
layers.
These
are
subsequently
specified,
so
we
have
germ
layers
the
AP
access.
This
is
an
mammalian
embryo.
We
have
this
radio
symmetry
in
the
early
early
embryo
and
in
the
mailing
number
use
you
get
like
a
a
fair
number
of
cells
that
are
these
Toady
potent.
B
And
then
eventually,
they
start
to
differentiate
into
into
an
anterior
posterior
and-
and
you
provide
this
in
general
here
in
the
three
General
miners-
so
how
the
earlier
early
embryo
can
undertake
this
complex
transformation
with
such
Fidelity
and
precision,
because
it
remain
the
most
for
the
most
part
of
Mystery,
primarily
because
decoupling,
the
cellular
movements
in
different
parts
of
the
developing
embryo
is
prohibitively
difficult.
So
this
is
why
they're
using
the
stem
cell.
B
A
B
This
is,
you
know,
the
interaction
between
molecules
and
cells.
We
actually
talked
a
little
bit
about
symmetry
breaking
in
the
context
of
some
of
the
work
that
we're
doing
in
our
paper,
we're
talking
more
about
consegrity,
Networks,
and
so
that
might
be
worth
reading
our
organ
special
issue
here
this
paper.
B
So
in
this
paper
we
talked
about
various
symmetry,
breaking
events
and
developmental
time
we
talked
about
the
four
e
cognition
concept
embodied
and
active,
embedded
and
extended,
and
so
in
this
context
that
these
different
forms
of
cognition
or
non-neuronal
cognition,
we
talk
about
symmetry
breaking.
We
talk
about
how
Integrity
networks
might
play
a
role
on
that
as.
B
B
B
B
B
So
so
this
yeah,
this
paper
lost
body
plans
of
some
extinct
at
a
carry
at
a
Karen
and
early
Cambria.
Metazolans
are
also
considered
in
comparison
with
an
axial
body,
cleanse
the
posterior
growth
and
living
animals.
So
this
is
a
paper
where
they're
using
like
early
I
guess
early
embryos,
you'd
call
them
comparing
level
with
modern
embryos
or
modern
organisms,
of
course
they're
comparing
the
developmental
aspects
of
them.
So
this
is
relevant
to
what
we've
been
talking
about
recently
with
with
early
embryos,
and
things
like
that.
B
B
So
this
is
where
these
two
things
and
along
with
trainer
spiral,
symmetry
rotation
and
translation,
occur
together
with
an
expansion.
Each
rotation
is
the
order,
is
a
number
of
repetition
of
parts
that
are
arranged
around
a
full
circle.
So
you
get
changes
in
this.
As
things
are
rotated
around
a
full
circle,
you
get
changes
in
the
number
and
that's
the
Symmetry
breaking
that
you're
going
to
observe
so
in
spiralia,
which
includes
analyides,
mollusks
and
flatworms
spiral.
B
C
B
This
is
a
spinal
neuron.
This
is
a
genetic
changes
in
morphology
and
fractal
Dimensions.
So,
as
these
is
a
spinal
neurons
mature
with
their
processes,
they
change
over
time
and
they
they
under
this
sort
of
symmetry
breaking
in
the
fractal
Dimension.
So
it's
a
little
bit
more
complicated
than
like
just
simple:
maybe
what
you
might
call
linear
symmetry
breaking?
B
Okay,
so
that's
and
finally,
this
paper
symmetry
breaking
the
mammalian
embryo.
This
is
a
nice
review
of
what
we
know
about
symmetry,
breaking
the
mammalian
embryo,
the
abstract
reads:
we
present
an
overview
of
symmetry
breaking
and
aluminum
alien
development
as
a
continuous
process
from
compaction
to
specification
of
the
body
axis.
The
earlier
Studies
have
focused
on
individual
symmetry
breaking
events.
Recent
advances
enable
us
to
explore
Progressive
symmetry
braking
during
early
mammalian
development,
although
we
can
primarily
discuss
embryonic
development
of
the
mouse
as
best
as
it
is,
the
best
study
mammalian
model
system
to
date.
B
We
also
highlight
the
shared
and
distinct
aspects
between
different
mammalian
species.
Finally,
we
discuss
how
insights
gained
from
studying
by
male
lead
development
can
be
generalized
in
light
of
self-organization
principles.
With
this
review,
we
hope
to
highlight
New
Perspectives
in
studying
symmetry
breaking
in
self-organization
and
multicellular
systems,
so.
B
B
This
process
spans
pre-implantation
development
and
the
overductive
uterus,
implantation
and
post-implantation
development
in
the
uterine
tissue,
so
symmetry
breaking
occurs
really
early
according
to
them,
and
you
see
this
even
from
sperm
entry
into
the
ovum,
and
so
this
is
where
you
get
just
the
series
of
symmetry
breaking
events
from
a
very
early
point
onward,
and
so
the
steady
symmetry
breaking
it
is
also
worth
critically
evaluating
the
presence
of
symmetry,
namely
whether
the
initial
cell
population
is
equivalent
by
the
by
which
definition.
So
in
order
to
know
what
the
parameters
the
Symmetry
breaking.
B
It's
not
obvious
what
symmetry
is.
As
we
said,
there
are
many
mathematical
definitions
of
symmetry.
There
are
many
topological
definitions,
but
they're
also
the
very
simple
definitions
which
it
could
be
axial
and
it
can
be
very
straightforward,
so
the
first
symmetry
breaking
event,
so
there's
been
considerable
debate
actually
to
win.
Symmetry
is
broken
first,
broken
between
cells
in
the
early
numbers,
and
so
there
looks
like
there's
a
lot
of
stuff
in
here
that
is,
there
Nica
gets
yamanaka.
B
B
So
if
you
look
at
drosophila
C,
elegans
xenopaclavus,
those
are
all
They,
Don't
Really
share
any
traits
of
emailing
embryo
in
terms
of
symmetry
break.
Such
a
radical
conservation
is
evident,
for
instance,
from
the
failure
to
identify
and
functionally
validate
so-called
maternal
determinants.
You
know
sites
the
potentially
early
blastomers
so,
furthermore,
although
possible
rules
for
sperm
entry
and
asymmetry
between
two
cell
stage
blastomers,
so
we're
talking
very
early
on
in
embryology,
have
been
proposed.
B
The
deterministic
mechanisms
comparable
to
those
non-mommalian
species
have
been
established
in
mice,
and
so
you
know,
this
deterministic
mechanism
means
that
it's
something
that
isn't
that
is
almost
like
programmed
into
the
Umbreon
should
happen
at
a
specific
time,
in
a
specific
way,
more
recently,
possibly
symmetry
in
terms
of
difference
in
gene
expression,
transcription
Factor
Dynamics,
the
developmental
potential
among
four
cell
stage,
blastomeres
was
proposed,
and
so
this
is
proposed
by
a
number
of
people.
However,
other
studies
were
enabled
to
substantiate
this
claim
in
terms
of
gene
expression.
B
So
this
is
a
problem
where
you
have
different
types
of
evidence
telling
you
different
things:
cleavage
patterns,
cell
lineage
and
vertical
tension.
So
these
are
different
aspects
of
cell
lineage,
of
course,
and
cleavage
pattern
or
have
to
do
with
the
sort
of
the
cell
lineage
tree
and
then
cortical
tension
is
a
property
of
the
cell
itself.
B
Given
the
non-stereotypical
division
pattern
and
dynamic
polar
body
upon
Cleveland
is
for
sure
to
develop
methods
unequivocally
identify
the
individual
blastomer
of
the
four
cell
stage
embryo
for
future
studies.
So
this
kind
of
goes
through.
Let's
see
figure,
one
actually
shows
some
of
this,
so
these
are
overview
of
symmetry
breaking
events,
so
some
of
these
are
symmetry
breaking
events
that
have
been
defined,
but
we're
trying
to
define
the
first
one.
So
this
is
the
sort
of
the
this
is
the
zygote.
B
B
You
get
this
compaction,
so
this
compaction
leads
to
an
inner
layer,
and
this
is
the
apical
domain
out
here.
This
is
the
inner
layers
lineage
specification,
where
you
get
further
differentiation
by
you,
know
differential
gene
expression
and
then
that
all
happens
within
about
a
half
a
day
and
then
e35
you
get
a
blastocyst
e45oblast
assist,
and
then
you
get
to
the
pre
gastro
stage.
B
B
So
this
is
these
are
two
models.
There's
the
inside
outside
model
where
you
get
this
outside
and
inside
symmetry
breaking,
and
then
you
have
the
single
polarity
model
where
you
get
polar
and
a
polar
cells.
This
is
an
asymmetric
division
and
then
symmetric
division
where
you
get
two
polar
cells
in
this-
and
this
is
this-
is
the
region
where
we're
talking
about
so.
A
B
B
B
B
The
cell
polarity
model
proposes
that,
with
the
acquisition
of
apical
apical
basal
polarity
at
the
eight
cell
stage,
the
angle
of
cell
division
dictates
selfie
asymmetric
divisions
where
the
plane
of
the
division
is
perpendicular
to
the
axis
of
polarity,
segregate
phase
determinants
differently
between
the
daughter
cells
leading
to
one
adopting
the
tev
and
the
other
adopting
the
ICM
feed.
So
you
get
this
I
think
we've
also
talked
about
this
in
this
2016
paper
referencing
from
the
group
where.
A
B
A
B
Conversely,
a
symmetric
division
parallel
to
the
axis
of
apical
basal
polarity
would
yield
two
cells
of
similar
feet.
So,
yes,
and
then
we
have
cell
position,
apical
domain
orientation
of
cell
division,
vertical
tension
contractility.
This
is
their
model
for
symmetry
breaking.
So
this
is
the
apical
domain,
reconciling
the
inside
outside
model
and
cellularity
model.
So
you
see
that
you
can
have
the
cell
position
as
sort
of
the
the
place
where
you
start
to
get
this
apical
domain.
B
You
either
go
down
this
path
of
this
vertical
tensional,
contractility
aspect
or
the
orientation
of
cell
division
and
those
both
can
lead
to
asymmetry
and
mechanosensing
and
apical
basal
polarity
sensing
also
lead
to
this
differential
aspect.
So
that's
another
version
of
asymmetry,
so
you
can
see
that
early
on
in
the
embryo
you're
getting
this
interaction
of
physics,
molecular
changes
and
spatial
orientation
and
they're
all
playing
a
role
in
different
symmetry
breaking
events.
B
So
that's
I
think
that's
good
enough
for
now.
I
think
the
rest
of
the
paper
talks
about
a
specific
case
of
symmetry
breaking
in
the
blastocyst
and
then,
if
you
go
down
to
the
third
part,
actually
this
is
kind
of
showing
this
in
a
figure.
Spatial
segregation,
primitive
endoderm.
So
you
can
see
the
again
space
flow
is
a
big
role
in
this
and
you
know
you
have
apoptosis
for
certain
cells.
You
have
faith,
switching
for
other
cells,
so
you
get
changes
going
on
like
and
then
you
get
this.
B
So
this
is
actually
something
that
really
is.
You
know
it
makes
it.
It
sets
these
two
kinds
of
systems
apart.
So
you
see
this
sort
of
deterministic
Developmental
program
of
mammals,
but
generally
mammals
at
this
regulative
capacity
for
embryos.
So
this
is
why
you
know
we
have
to
kind
of
focus
in
on
some
of
these
more
complex
processes.