►
From YouTube: DevoWorm (2020, Meeting 36): Embryos in microgravity, task/issue review, reading queue.
Description
Presentation on embryos in microgravity, review of open tasks and issues, papers from the reading queue. Attendees: Susan Crawford-Young, Bradly Alicea, Jesse Parent, Ujjwal Singh.
A
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B
A
A
B
C
B
B
Here,
because
this
is
alternate
week-
and
I
don't
know
if
anyone
else
is
going
to
show
up
so
okay
well,
we
could
we
could
start
and
then
yeah
we
could
start
and
people
could
join
us
as
they
come
in
I
mean
they
probably
will
start
to
come
in,
maybe
a
little
bit
late.
Sometimes
people
show
up
so
so
welcome
to
the
meeting.
If
you're
watching
this
on
youtube.
You
know,
let
me
know
afterwards.
B
B
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B
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A
A
Written
on
it,
and
so
when
you're
in
microgravity,
you
have
problems
with
convection
and
surface
tension
and
buoyancy
and
sedimentation,
and
there's
a
candle
in
earth
and
work
properly,
and
this
is
a
candle
in
microgravity.
Can
you
see
my
nose
yeah
yeah,
okay,
and
it
goes
out
unless
you
blow
on
this.
It
goes
out.
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A
A
A
So
here
you've
got
earth
gravity
this
sample
in
this
sample.
These
are
cuvettes
with
microtubules
being
nucleated,
and
this
is
simulated
microgravity.
You
notice.
The
pattern
is
not
nearly
as
rich
as
it
is
in
one
g,
even
though
it's
a
simulated
one
g
and
then
you,
if
you're
in
a
emulate
one
g,
you
get
this
the
pattern
and
it's,
I
still
think
it's
as
rich
as
what
you
have
for
the
beginning.
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A
B
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B
A
That's
so
if
you
have
you're
trying
to
reproduce
in
space,
you've
got
microgravity
and
space
radiation
and
they've
tried
this,
I
believe
with
rats
and
it
didn't
work
so
they
they've
tried
it
with
salamanders
and
it
sort
of
worked.
So
you
have
here's
the
salamanders
and
I
believe
this
earth
normal
yeah.
These
are
normal
in
the
right
side
and
left
side.
A
This
is
microgravity
and
you
get
the
yolk
granules
from
the
bottom,
drifting
out,
which
is
not
great,
and
you
don't
get
cell
division
occurring
where
it's
supposed
to
occur,
and
you
end
up
with
a
neural
tubes
stage.
They
said
some
of
the
the
cells
were
drifting
off
like
some
brain
cells
drifted
off
into
space.
A
A
A
Yeah,
here's
somebody's
experiment
with
this
is
microgravity
created
on
earth,
so
it's
they
just
rotated
it
so
that
it
was
in
continuous
freeze,
free
fall
and
then
this
is
your
normal
development
here
and
you
can
see
that
it
starts
off,
not
not
the
same.
It
doesn't
look
the
same
and
it
proceeds
too,
and
the
final
developmental
stages.
B
A
A
A
A
B
Okay,
yeah
all
right,
that's
good!
I'm
the
only
one
here
to
ask
questions.
I
guess
so
yeah.
I
guess
I
had
like.
I
just.
I
guess
I
had
some
questions
about
like
how
you
know
so
they
raise
these
embryos
in
space
or
they
raise
them
at
like
earth
gravity,
and
then
they
raise
them
in
space,
which
is
reduce
gravity
and
so
in
space.
You
see
all
these
sort
of
abnormalities
of
morphogenesis
where
they
have
different.
B
A
B
A
It
affects
diffusion.
It
affects,
like
I
said
sediment,
so
you
you
have
it's
like
that.
Catalytic
like
microtubules
are
partially
conformed
and
there's
no
convection,
and,
and
so
it
changes
the
way
things
are
done
chemically
physically
and
otherwise.
So
there's
never
been
a
mammalian
development
in
space,
there's
no
reproduction
of
now.
A
A
A
B
A
A
B
B
B
So
this
is
something
that
dick
and
I
have
been
working
on
an
endnote,
so
endnote
is,
of
course,
a
bibliography
method
that
we
have
for
organizing
references,
and
so
one
of
the
things
you'll
learn.
If
you
do
research-
and
some
of
you
do,
research-
and
some
of
you
are
starting
out-
is
that
you
need
a
good
method
for
collecting
references
and
organizing
them,
and
so
I'm
working
on
this
endnote
bibliography
for
this.
B
This
happens
to
be
just
an
example
from
a
project
we're
working
on
where
we're
looking
at
something
called
the
boring
billion,
which
is
a
period
of
evolutionary
history
before
the
cambrian
explosion,
and
so
we
have
all
these
references
for
different
papers
in
that
topical
area
and
we
we're
using
endnote
to
organize
them.
Now,
when
you
organize
references,
you
can
often
go
to
like
a
database
say
like
web
of
science
or
some
other
database,
and
you
know
and
do
a
search
and
then
import
the
references
directly
from
that.
That.
A
B
B
B
You
can
have
a
search
completed
and
then
downloaded
in
a
biblio
graphic
format,
which
is
usually
a
dot
bib
file
or
something
similar,
and
then
you
can
take
that
file
and
import
it
into
your
one
of
these
and
endnote
isn't
the
only
solution,
but
one
of
these
bibliography
programs.
So
endnote
is
a
proprietary
platform.
B
It
allows
you
to
collect
a
large
number
of
references
and
organize
them.
So
here
we
can
see
that
we
have
a
alphabetical
organization
of
the
references
here.
So
if
I
go
into
this
all
my
references,
I
get
45
references
and
they're
alphabetized,
but
we
can
also
do
things
like
put
tags
on
them.
We
can
organize
them
by
groups,
so
I
have
two
groups
in
this
bibliography.
B
I
have
boring
billion
and
I
have
cell
tracking
and
so
cell
tracking
is
a
little
bit
smaller
group
of
papers
and
it's
different
from
the
boring
billion
stuff,
because
it's
not
the
same
topical
area
at
all.
So
you
know
in
this
bibliography
I've
just
saved
two
different
groups,
one
being
boring
billion
and
being
cell
tracking-
and
you
know
the
benefit
of
this-
is
that
you
know
if
I
have
something
that's
not
really
related
to
one
project.
I.
B
C
B
B
All
right
yeah,
so
I
can
go
back
to
the
endnote
thing,
so
this
is
the
this
is
basically
the
way
out
of
endnote,
and
so
we've
talked
about
doing
this
in
endnote
and
in
my
other
group,
we've
talked
about
doing
this
in
zotero,
and
so
that's
that's.
Basically
you
know
you
have
a
number
of
options
for
doing.
Organizing
bibliographies
zotero
is
a
freeware
that
you
can
use
and
you
can
plug
into
your
browser
and
you
can
import
references
from
the
web.
B
So
you
can,
you
know,
actually
take
references
as
you
encounter
them
on
the
web
and
put
them
into
the
into
the
bibliography.
I
think
you
can
do
that
with
endnote
as
well,
so
you
don't
have
to
go
to
a
formal
search
engine
like
web
of
wells.
Web
of
science
isn't
really
a
search
engine,
but
a
formal
search
tool
like
web
of
science.
You
can
actually
take
them
off
the
web
and
most
people
encounter
references
sort
of
on
the
web
as
they're
searching
that's
another
mode.
B
You
don't
have
to
save
files.
It's
sometimes
the
these
programs
like
to
save
pdf
files,
but
there
are
a
lot
of
problems
with
that
with
respect
to
like
storage
and
sharing
these
things,
so
we'd
like
to
assemble
them
a
lot
of
times
without
the
pdf
file
attached,
and
so
so.
Why
do
we
want
to
do
this
bibliography
thing
in
the
first
place?
B
B
We
can
get
a
bibliography
from
each
paper
and
and
put
it
into
a
reference
manager
like
this,
and
then
we
can
share
with
new
people
new
members
of
the
group,
and
they
can
see
kind
of
you
know
you
know
what
the
literature
looks
like,
and
so
that's
a
good.
That's
one
way
to
one
reason
you
might
want
to
do
it.
Another
reason
you
want
to
do
it
is
because
you
have
a
record
sort
of
of
what
you've
already
done,
so
you
don't
have
to
duplicate
work.
B
If
we
want
to
follow
up
on
a
topic,
we
already
have
a
list
of
references
that
are
pretty
well
known
to
the
group.
In
my
other
group,
we
had
a
discussion
like
saturday
about
taking
these
reference.
Like
you,
you
go
through
a
paper
and
you
have
maybe
50
references
and
you
might
have
to
go
revisit
a
couple
of
those
references
to
like
if
you're
reading.
B
You
know
we're
revisiting
a
paper
right
now
in
the
other
group,
where
we're
taking
like
some
angle
of
that
paper,
and
we
want
to
write
a
new
paper
on
it.
So
we
have
to
go
back
to
the
reference
list
and
we
have
to
find
those
references
that
were
most
important
for
that
certain
part
of
the
paper
and
then
follow
up
on
that.
B
B
B
B
We
just
kind
of
went
through
and
and
looked
at
what
we
have
in
terms
of
major
tasks,
and
this
is
actually
pretty
incomplete
because
we
have
a
lot
of
papers
that
we're
working
on
and
I'm
not.
I
don't
have
these
in
here,
so
it's
going
to
be
a
little
bit
tricky
to
you
know.
This
is
like
just
these
are
odds
and
ends
aside
from
the
papers
that
we
might
want
to
follow
up
on.
B
I'm
not
gonna
talk
about
it
today,
but
the
session
is
coming
up
in
a
couple
weeks,
so
I
might
exchange
I
might
send
out
some
materials
on
that.
In
the
meantime,
the
neuromatch
submission
has
to
do
with
the
basilaria
model,
the
psychophysics
model-
so
I
haven't
talked
about
that
too
much
in
the
group,
but
basically
it's
this
idea
that
the
basilaria
colonies
exhibit
some
sort
of
psychophysics
and
it's
going
to
be
a
very
simple
model.
B
That's
going
to
be
presented
in
a
15-minute
presentation,
so
I
don't
even
know
if
we're
going
to
have
a
meeting
between
now
and
then
because
next
week
I
have
an
event
I
have
to
do
and
then
the
week
after
is
neuromatch,
so
I
think
that's
going
to
be,
I'm
not
going
to
be
able
to
show
that
before
the
meeting,
but
we'll
we'll
go
over
that
we'll
talk
about
that
more
in
the
future
and
then
maybe
we'll
talk
about
it
offline
as
well.
So
we've
got
this
lecture
on
pcau
map
and
t-sne.
B
So
if
you
missed
this
last
week,
this
is
a
lecture
I
gave
on
basically
multivariate
statistics
and
how
to
interpret
them.
It
was
a
lot
of
visualization
and
how
to
you
know,
you
know
it
looks
like
a
pretty
picture,
a
lot
of
these
multivariate
methods,
but
what
do
they
actually
mean,
and
that
was
that.
A
B
B
Okay,
so
in
for
we
have
in
progress
things
that
are
in
progress,
so
oktoberfest
is
going
on
right
now,
and
so
we
talked
about
hacktoberfest.
Last
week
we
had
a
flurry
of
contributions
early
which
seemed
not
to
you
know.
We
don't
haven't
had
any
contributions
this
week,
although
we
had
an
inquiry
in
slack
on
something
in
the
divo
learn
channel,
and
I
don't
know
who
wants
to
handle
that
question,
but
it's
in
there
so,
but.
B
I'm
gonna
try
to
make
a
blog
post
for
hacktoberfest
soon,
where
I
kind
of
go
over
the
the
idea
for
hacktoberfest
and
how
to
contribute
and
then
to
acknowledge
the
people
have
already
contributed
so
that'll
be
more
public
facing
soon,
but
the
here's,
the
bibliography
issue,
number
48
for
endnote.
This
bibliography
issue
is
still
open,
so
I
was
showing
you
the
work
that
we've
done
so
far,
but
we're
trying
to
work
on.
B
You
know
finalizing
some
sort
of
release
for
this
an
endnote
and
then
this
will
be.
You
know
you
can
convert
this
to
some
other
format.
If
you
prefer,
for
example,
using
a
zotero
or
some
other
bibliography
thing,
we
can
make
versions
of
that
as
well,
but
we're
going
to
assemble
the
bibliography
in
endnote,
the
lagrangian
embryo.
B
That
kind
of
that
was
just
like
kind
of
a
presentation
and
that
didn't
go
much
further.
But
if
you're
interested
in
this
idea,
you
know
we
need
to
assemble
some
readings.
So
this
is
something
that
we
might
do
if
people
are
interested
recruit
people
as
diva
learned
contributors.
I
think
we
did
some
of
this
for
hacktoberfest
we
had
some
people
come
by.
B
I
think
the
blog
post
will
recruit
people
into
this
a
little
bit,
but
you
know,
I
think
there
will
be
some
interest
as
time
goes
on
with
evil
learn
people
encountering
it,
and
I
presented
on
diva
learn
at
the
annual
meeting.
So
that's
there's
some
interest
there
so
we'll
be
following
up
on
this.
This
is,
I
don't
know
if
this
is
a
duplicate
here,
bibliography
an
endnote
but
59
and
48
are
linked.
B
It's
the
same
issue
more
or
less
create
a
theory,
a
theory
layer
for
diva
learn.
This
is
something
else
that
we've
talked
about
doing
so
this
is
kind
of
maybe
we'll
put
this
in
hold
where
we
just
create
like
a
sort
of
a
theory
building
mechanism
within
diva
learn
like
we
have
for
the
data
science
part.
I
know
there
there
were
jesse,
I
think,
contributed
in
the
education
area,
so
that
was
that's
something
else
that
we're
working
on
and
so
we'll.
B
Maybe
we'll
follow
up
on
that
as
well
in
future
meetings.
This
periodicity
in
the
embryo
papers
is
something
that
I
think
we
need
to
pick
up
on
a
little
bit
more
at
the
end
of
the
year.
There's
an
so
we're
trying
to
submit
to
the
special
issue
of
biosystems
and
this
paper.
We,
I
think
we
have
a
draft
due
at
the
end
of
the
year,
so
this
draft,
I
guess
it
should
be
just
kind
of
like
a
rough
draft.
So
it's
more
than
an
outline
we're
doing.
B
Maybe
we
should
maybe
aim
for
like
10
pages
or
something
maybe
where
we
can
get
a
good
rough
draft
on
it,
and
we've
talked
about
this
paper.
This
is
the
one
where
we
have
different
model
organisms
and
we're
looking
at
the
different
periodicity
components
of
embryogenesis
things
like
cell
division
cell
differentiation-
things
like
that
and
you
know
maybe
creating
graphs
or
different
types
of
analysis
for
so
it.
B
May
I
put
this
aside
myself
and
I
know
it's
not
been
like
something
that
we've
really
been
on
the
front
burner,
but
this
is
something
we
need
to
revisit.
I
think
in
the
from
now
until
the
end
of
the
year,
because
we're
going
to
have
a
rough
draft
due
at
the
end
of
the
year
on
this,
then
linked
to
that
is
complexity,
measures,
which
is
this
idea
of
different
sort
of
measures
of
complexity.
They
could
be
mathematical
models,
they
could
be
different
ways.
B
But
this
is
something
that
it's
kind
of
one
of
these
very
large
issues
that
you
know
get
chopped
into
different
pieces
over
time
so
and
then
finally,
the
basilary
non-neuronal
cognition
paper.
So
this
four
is
actually
linked
to
this
narrow
match.
Abstract
here
that's
already
been
finished,
but
we'll
we'll
use
that
to
sort
of
continue
on
in
that
direct
in
the
direction
of
this
paper-
and
this
is
another
paper-
that's
due-
maybe
early
next
year.
So
we
have
a
bit
more
time
on
this
one.
But
it's.
B
Yeah,
it
is
one
of
the
open
papers,
so
I
mean
my
thinking
about
that
submission.
Is
you
know
where
we
have?
We
do
some
work
for
the
narrow
match
submission,
and
then
we
have
that
in
place.
There's
the
kitten
and
yeah,
and
we
then
like
take
that
and
use
that
as
sort
of
like
a
kernel
for
the
analysis
for
that
paper,
so
I
mean
it's
going
to
be.
You
know
we
want
to
build
in
steps
here.
B
B
And
so
we
didn't,
we
haven't
been
able
to
do
that
with
the
periodicity
paper,
but
I
think
definitely
that's
a
good
way
to
you
know.
It's
always
a
good
way
to
like
have
like
a
stepwise
sort
of
progression
like
that.
You
come
up
with
like
some
piece
of
the
paper
and
then
you
know
you
can
write
around
the
main
idea
more
easily.
Okay,
that's
that's
pretty
much
what
I
thought
yeah
so
okay
so
says.
Next
week
I
have
my
mid-semester
recess
and
I've
already
planned
to
work
on
creating
3d
models.
B
I
will
surely
show
some
results
on
26
october.
If
we
have
one
yeah,
26th
october
meeting,
we
might
have
one.
This
is
the
week
of
neuromatch,
so
I'm
not
really
sure
we
don't
have
our
schedule
for
the
talk
set
on
that,
but
if
we
don't
have
talks
scheduled,
I
might
I
probably
will
have
a
meeting
that
week
and
we
can
do
it
then,
because.
B
Week
because
I
have
another
engagement
during
that
time,
so
well
we'll
we'll
talk
about
that
more,
but
yeah
we
can
plan
for
that.
I
guess
so
that
was
there
was
an
issue
for
that.
That
was,
I
think,
38,
where
we
have
the
create
an
embryo
model
in
blender,
and
so
this
is
something
that
usually
has
been
working
on.
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
That's
something
maybe
we'll
do
in
the
future.
Let's
see
anything
else,
not
really.
I
mean
these
are
just
issues
that
are
kind
of
like
I
said
I
put
them
up
as
odds
and
ends,
maybe
somewhat
independent
of
the
paper
plan
that
we
have
but
they're
things
that
we
should
check
in
on
from
time
to
time.
So
as
I
wanted
to
mention
this
joss
article,
so
this
is
the
one
that
I've
been
working
on
with
mayuk
and
this
is
the
where
it
stands
right
now.
B
So
we
have
a
summary,
a
statement
of
need
and
then
references.
I
I
I'm
going
to
work
on
this
a
little
bit
more
and
add
some
things
in.
I
see
that
my
oak
last
night
added
in
a
pdf
of
like
a
description
of
the
project,
so
it's
largely
what
he
put
in
the
in
the
notebook
in
the
jupiter
notebook
or
the
collab
notebook,
a
camera
which
format
he
used
for
his
project,
and
so
we
might
pull
from
that.
And
there
are
some
other
motivational
things
I'd
like
to
bring
up
in
here.
So
I'm.
C
B
C
B
B
B
You
wrote
a
little
bit
of
maybe
about
one
or
two
page
description
of
it
with
some
broader
implications,
and
then
you
put
it
on
github
and
you
send
it
to
these
people
yeah.
Thank
you
and
then
you
get.
You
know
they
they
review
it
and
they
say
this
is
good.
I
mean
it's,
it's
basically
as
stripped
down
as
you
can
get
for
a
journal,
which
is
it's
really
fascinating.
You
have
like
this.
B
You
just
have
editors
and
they
like
go
through
a
paper
and
they
see
if
it's
good
and
they're
very
stripped
down
descriptions
of
the
work,
and
so
I
mean
it's.
It's
an
interesting
journal.
Hopefully
we
can
get
this
in
because
this
would
be
a
nice
summary
of
of
the
summer
of
code
stuff.
So
maybe
I
maybe
I
can
get
oswald
involved
as
well,
but
I
actually
I'll
send
him
a
link
to
it.
B
Like
I
said
it's
largely
about
the
diva
learn
thing,
but
we
might
actually
mention
a
little
bit
about
the
platform
that
we've
been
developing.
So
you
know
we
call
the
programmed
evil
learn
and
then
we
have
the
platform,
that's
divalern
and
it
may
be
a
little
confusing,
but
it's
you
know,
one
has
a
version
number
and
the
other
one
is
a
broader
thing,
so
you
know
we
might
talk
about
the
broader
thing
a
little
bit
too
just
to
show
like
how
this
fits
into
a
larger
scheme.
So
any
questions
about
anything
so
far.
A
B
A
B
B
B
A
B
C
B
I
at
the
general
meeting
I
did
pre,
I
did
put
a
slide
in
on
the
axolotl
stuff
and
so,
and
someone
mentioned
talked
about
xenopus
as
a
potential
thing
that
you
could.
You
know
look
at
with
that.
Microscope
set
up
and
everything
yeah.
So
I
mean
that's.
That's
that's
something.
That's
probably
in
demand
I
mean
people
would
like
to
see
that
I
guess
so.
A
B
A
B
Thank
you
yeah,
so
I
think
that
that's
a
good
thing
we'll
have
to
follow
up
on
that.
I
keep
bringing
it
up,
but
we're
kind
of
moving
a
lot
more
slowly
than
I'd
like,
but
that's
okay,
I
mean
that's
always
the
way
it
goes.
You
just
have
like
a
lot
of
things
that
come
up
and
but
I
like
to
I
like
to
go,
revisit
things,
make
sure
that
we
remember
them.
They
don't
get
swept
under
the
rug
and
forgotten
about
because
that
often
happens
in
research.
B
B
I
have
four
papers,
but
I'm
just
going
to
kind
of
talk,
just
maybe
a
little
bit
about
them
just
to
give
you
again
a
little
taste
of
newer
papers
that
are
coming
out
so
this
one
is.
This
is
an
older
paper,
but
this
is
something
that
I
ran
across
that's
interesting,
so
this
is
called
dynamical,
patterning
modules,
physiogenetic
determinants
of
morphological
development
and
evolution,
and
so
this
is
a
paper
about
the
shape
and
form
of
multicellular
organisms
in
their
in.
B
So
the
argument
here
is
that
your
shapes
and
forms
that
you
see
arise
is
sort
of
the
product
of
new
cell
states
that
come
about
and
changes
in
the
numbers
and
rearrangements
of
the
various
kinds
of
cells.
So
that's
the
way
they
think
about
it,
they're
thinking
about
it
in
terms
of
different
types
of
cells.
B
You
know
the
origin
of
different
types
of
cells
in
their
rearrangement,
so
well,
morphogenesis
and
pattern
formation
on
all
animal
species
are
widely
recognized
to
be
mediated
by
the
gene
products
of
an
evolutionary
conserved
developmental
genetic
toolkit.
The
link
between
these
molecular
players
and
the
physics
underlying
these
processes
have
been
generally
ignored.
B
So
basically,
a
lot
of
the
things
you
see
in
like
in
cell
collectives
or
physical
properties,
but
also
these
sort
of
they're
almost
like
neural
systems,
so
like
the
lateral
inhibition,
there's
a
issue
here
with
spatiotemporal
heterogeneity.
So
if
your
cells,
if
you
have
different
cells
within
close
proximity
and
they're
in
this
mass,
they
have
an
influence
on
one
another
and
so,
in
this
case
they're
talking
about
maybe
lateral
inhibition
being
one
of
those
influences.
B
So
this
again
is
that
multicellularity
had
this
sort
of
transformative
effect
on
the
cells
and
the
way
they
behave
in
these
aggregates.
I
mean
you
had
before
multicellularity
you
would
have
cell
aggregates,
but
there
was
something
about
multicellularity
that
was
fundamentally
different
and
there's
a
lot
of
literature
on
this.
They
call
it
a
major
transition
in
evolution
where
you
start
to
get
these
multicellular
or
multicellularity
as
a
as
a
thing
that
you
see
in
nature,
and
it's.
B
B
This
idea
of
pattern
language
actually
comes
from
architecture.
It
was
a
scott
alexander.
I
think
who
proposed
a
pattern
language
for
it
was
really
popular
about
maybe
30
years
ago,
where
they
talked
about
it
in
programming
and
they
talked
about
it
in
architecture
and
in
design,
and
it's
like
you
know,
basically
combining
patterns
in
a
certain
way.
That's
you
know,
has
some
sort
of
linguistic
value
or
some
sort
of
semantic
value.
A
B
So
if
you
know
anything
about
the
cambrian
explosion,
you
know
that
you
ended
up
with
only
a
couple
body
plans
that
really
proliferated,
despite
all
of
the
different
forms
that
came
out
of
that
period.
They
come
from
a
handful
of
body
plans
and
so
those
body
plans,
though
you
know,
may
not
be
like
they
may
not
really
be
that
restrictive.
They
might
be
representative
of
maybe
the
best
of
a
wide
range
of
possibilities,
and
so
we
don't
know
that,
but
so
yeah.
A
B
The
second
one
is
this
before
programs:
this
is
another
stuart,
newman
paper,
it's
from
2006.
This
is
the
physical
origination
of
multicellular
forms,
and
so
this
kind
of
is
a
follow-up
to
the
last
paper.
I
told
you
about,
and
I
think
it's
like
it's
work
that
sort
of
leads
into
the
the
other
paper
that
I
just
presented.
B
So
they
do
some
work
on
by
examining
this
formative
role
of
physical
process
processes
in
modern
day
developmental
systems.
We
infer
that,
although
such
determinants
are
subject
to
constraints
and
rarely
act
in
a
pure
fashion,
they
are
identical
to
processes,
generically
viscoelastic,
chemically
excitable
media
non-living,
as
well
as
living.
B
So
basically,
they're
saying
that
they're,
like
what
you
see
in
development
in
terms
of
morphogenesis,
is
very
similar
to
what
you
see
in
any
sort
of
chemically
excitable
system
or
viscoelastic
system.
So
this
you
know,
then
there's
a
distinction
between
whether
it's
non-living
and
living.
Actually,
I
found
a
paper
recently.
B
I
don't
know
if
it
was
submitted
to
one
of
the
machine
learning
conferences,
but
it's
where
they're
actually
simulating
like
flows
and
other
sort
of
physical
processes
like
this
and
they're
trying
to
determine
whether
it's
a
biological
process
or
a
sort
of
a
inorganic
process.
It's
kind
of
an
interesting
paper.
I
don't
have
the
link
to
it
right
here
in
the
meeting,
but
I
think
that's
it's
kind
of
interesting
that
these
things
are
related.
So.
B
B
So
from
this
we
devise
a
hypothetical
scenario
for
pattern
formation
of
morphogenesis
in
the
earliest
metazoa.
We
show
that
the
expected
morphologies
that
would
arise
during
this
relatively
unconstrained
physical
stage
of
evolution
correspond
to
the
hollow,
multi-layered
and
segmented
morphotypes,
seen
in
the
gastrulation
stage
of
embryos
and
modern-day
metazoa.
B
So
this
is
like
they're
trying
to
get
an
idea
of
how
this
you
know.
If
you
take
this
sort
of
inorganic
process
and
map
it
to
this
organic
process,
you
know
what
are
the
evolutionary
origins
of
it,
and
so
that's
an
interesting
paper
again.
It's
in
this
folder
and
maybe
I'll
put
that
paper
that
I
was
talking
about
in
this
folder
as
well.
B
B
So
the
tissues
of
a
developing
embryo
are
simultaneously
patterned,
moved
and
differentiated
according
to
an
exchange
of
information
between
their
constituent
cells.
We
argue
that
these
complex
self-organizing
phenomena
can
only
be
fully
understood
with
quantitative
mathematical
frameworks
that
allow
specific
hypotheses
to
be
formulated,
formulated
and
tested.
B
The
quantitative
and
dynamic
imaging
of
growing
embryos
is
the
key
experimental
advance
required
to
achieve
this
interaction.
Here
we
describe
a
mathematical
modeling
has
become
an
invaluable
method
to
integrate
quantitative
biological
information
across
temporal
and
spatial
scales,
so
they're
really
kind
of
focused
on
imaging
data
and
how
to.
B
B
Oh
no,
forget
it!
It's
okay!
I
don't
want
to
go
through
all
that.
That's
okay,
we'll!
Just
if
you
want
to
look
at
the
paper
it's
in
this
folder
and
I
I
think
it'd
be
you
know,
it'll
be
really
interesting
because
they
kind
of
go
over
it's
it's
about
quite
a
bit
different,
take
than
the
agent-based
modeling
in
the
sense
that
it's
really
kind
of
based
right
on
what
you're
observing
from
the
data.
B
B
You
know
microscopy
data
say
and
we
can
and
take
those
data
extract
them
and
analyze
them
in
a
quantitative
fashion.
So
we
can
extract
things
out
of
the
images
and
put
numbers
on
them,
but
that
only
gets
us
so
far
only
gets
us
to
what
we
can
observe,
but
we
can't
observe
every
aspect
of
the
pattern.
You
know
we
can't
observe
every
aspect
of
what's
going
on
or
what
could
happen,
and
so
that's
where
your
agent-based
models
come
in.
B
So
this
is
it's
kind
of
maybe
a
little
bit
wild
ride
for
some
of
you,
because
it's
it's
sort
of
an
artificial
life
type
paper,
so
they
they
explore
body,
segmentation
and
drosophila,
but
they're
using
this
model
called
automata
networks
and
they're
looking
at
something
called
canolization
and
control.
So
these
are
two
different
concepts
that
they're
introducing
here
so
canonization.
For
those
who
don't
know
what
that
is,
it's
it's
something
that
is
common
in
developmental
biology
theory.
B
B
So
if
you
have
a
an
embryo
and
it's
just
sort
of
developing,
there
are
certain
paths
that
an
embryo
might
take
in
terms
of
its
morphology
in
terms
of
different
possibilities
that
are
sort
of
locked
in
and
conserved
over
evolution.
And
then
you
see
this
in
development.
So
there
is
there's
this
metaphor
of
the
epigenetic
landscape,
which
is,
if
you
think
about
like
a
fitness
landscape
or
a
radiant
descent
landscape.
B
A
B
B
So
what
you
get
with
phenotypes?
Is
you
get
so
conrad
waddington?
Is
the
person
who
came
up
with
the
epigenetic
landscape,
and
so
the
notion
of
canalization
was
proposed
to
explain
why
a
neurogenetic
and
environmental
perturbation?
So
when
you
in
you
an
embryo,
is
developing,
they
experience
all
sorts
of
perturbations.
It
could
be
a
lack
of
gravity,
it
could
be.
B
And
so,
when
it's
invariant
to
the
stresses
you
get
what
they
call
a
buffering
of
the
phenotype
or
the
developmental
process,
and
this
buffering
relates
to
these
channels.
Or
this
canalization,
and
that
the
buffering
keeps
the
phenotype
in
these
channels
it
keeps
it
going
down
this
minimal
path
of
you
know
this
path
of
least
resistance,
and
so
you
always
go
into
these
channels.
That's
this
buffering
effect,
and
so
the
buffering
effect
just
basically
allows
the
embryo
to
survive
these
sorts
of
of
these
sorts
of
perturbations
by
finding
a
common
pathway.
B
You
know
to
development,
it's
basically,
you
know
if,
if
I
you
know
started
perturbing,
if
I
put
a
an
embryo
under
heat
stress,
for
example,
if
an
embryo
existed
in
nature,
where
it
exists,
you
know
exhibited
severe
heat
stress.
The
embryos
would
all
die
off
and
we
wouldn't
have
any.
You
know
new
generation
to
talk
about
for
the
organism,
but
if
they
follow
this
buffering
program
under
times
of
stress,
they
can
actually
survive
at
much
higher
rates,
because
you
know
they.
B
But
we
also
know
it
doesn't
have
like
a
macro
controller.
At
least
we
don't
think
it
has
a
macro
controller,
although
there,
if
you
read
some
things
on
the
literature
and
regeneration,
you
find
that
regeneration
actually
works
on
a
macro
scale.
In
other
words,
you
know
you
can
have
like
in
some
organisms
like
flatworms,
you
can,
you
know,
delete
most
of
the
phenotype
and
you
can
still
from
the
little
bit
of
phenotype.
That's
left
get
an
entirely
new
worm.
B
B
So
that's
that's
all
I
had
for
today
again
I'll,
maybe
bring
that
paper.
I
was
talking
about
and
put
it
in
that
folder
and
send
it
out
to
the
group.
So
if
you
want
to
follow
up
on
this
stuff,
you're
welcome
to
do
so
and
also
any
of
the
projects
that
we've
talked
about
again.
We
can
drive
any
of
those
forward
if
we
have
something
that
we
want
to
do.
B
If
we
have
a
you
know
any
sort
of
initiative
or
any
sort,
you
know
if
something
suddenly
becomes
relevant,
I'm
finding
that
if
you
have
like
a
deadline
or
if
you
have
like
a
like
something
to
prepare
for
like
a
conference
or
something
that
brings,
you
can
bring
some
things
that
you've
been
procrastinating
on
or
not
really
paying
attention
to,
and
you
can
bring
them
to.
You
know
bring
them
to
the
forefront.
So
that's
always
a
good
way
to
approach
these
things
so
but
anyways
well.
B
Thank
you
for
attending
the
meeting
and
have
a
good
week.
Next
week
we
won't
be
having
a
meeting
I'll
be
busy
with
another
engagement.
The
following
week.
We
have
narrow
match,
which
is
again
we're
going
to
have
a
abstract
represented
there,
but
we
may
still
have
a
meeting
just
to
have
a
meeting
and
then
because
narrow
match
is
going
to
be
going
on
like
throughout
the
throughout
the
week
and
at
different
times,
so
our
presentations
might
be
at
weird
times,
but
we'll
see
about
that,
let's
see
jesse.