►
From YouTube: Decarbonizing Supply Chains: Blockchain's Role in Advancing Carbon Accounting Kristeen Harrison
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A
I'm
just
mixing
up
and
using
the
podium,
because
if
I
hold
a
microphone,
I
end
up
waving
my
hands
about
and
the
microphone
moves
with
them.
So
this
is
easier
for
me
because
it
allows
me
to
move
my
hands
about
so
thanks
so
much
protocol
labs
for
having
me
here,
I'm
so
delighted.
First
of
all
to
be
meeting
so
many
of
you
here,
second
of
all,
to
be
able
to
talk
about
what
we've
been
doing
at
zumo
on
decarbonizing
crypto.
I
just
realized-
I
don't
have
a
clicker
do.
A
Thanks
sorry,
so,
while
I'm
waiting
for
the
slides
to
go
on
I'll
just
proceed,
but
I
work
for
zumo
we're
a
blockchain
technology
company,
we're
uk
based
we're
compliance-led,
so
we're
regulated
by
the
sorry,
we're
not
regulated
we're
registered
with
the
financial
conduct
authority
and
we
have
both
a
consumer
app,
so
a
cryptocurrency
app
and
we
also
have
an
enterprise
side
of
the
business
as
well.
So
we
work
with
financial
institutions
fintechs
to
allow
them
to
provide
crypto
as
a
service.
Thank
you.
So
much.
A
Sorry,
I
am
one
minute
okay,
so
we
are
very
focused
currently
on
bitcoin.
We
understand
the
public
perception
issues
with
bitcoin.
We
also
understand
that
we
do
have
a
real
energy
consumption
issue
with
bitcoin
and
I
wholeheartedly
agree
with
all
the
comments
from
the
panel
earlier
and
from
brad
as
well.
A
I
think
a
lot
of
what
I
would
normally
cover
here
has
already
been
said,
so
I'm
not
going
to
repeat
it,
but
I
will
add
one
thing,
which
is:
I
think
we
need
to
really
acknowledge
that
as
a
sector,
we
have
come
to
prominence
at
exactly
the
time
that
the
paris
agreement
has
taken
effect
and
we
need
to
move
rapidly
to
net
zero.
Now.
A
What
is
scary
in
the
public
eye
is
a
sector
which
is
a
very
visible
carbon
footprint,
very
easy
to
measure
electricity,
consumption
and
in
the
case
of
bitcoin
increasing
year
on
year,
or
it
has
at
least
been
doing
that
until
now,
and
I
think
we
really
do
have
a
public
perception
issue
as
well
as
the
actual
electricity
consumption
that
we
need
to
be
dealing
with
as
a
sector
in
terms
of
our
own
impact.
So
we've
been
really
focused
on
this
at
zumo
and
that's
what
I
want
to
talk
about
today.
A
So
there's
three
aspects
to
what
I
want
to
talk
about
today.
First
of
all,
I
want
to
lift
the
conversation
up,
be
above
crypto,
so
to
to
take
the
focus
away
from
crypto
for
a
minute
and
just
look
at
what
we
mean
by
carbon
footprints
and
scope.
3
emissions
I'll
then
talk
about
zumo's
own
journey
and
then
I'll
talk
about
some
of
the
practical
solutions
that
we've
started
to
develop
as
we're
on
this
journey.
A
So
in
terms
of
bringing
up
a
level
normally,
I
would
do
a
little
bit
of
an
introduction
to
scope
one
two
and
three
and
what
that
means.
I
think
we've
got
a
fairly
carbon
literal
audience
here
and
alan
also
covered
that
to
some
extent
in
his
keynote
presentation
at
the
beginning.
So
I'm
not
intending
to
do
that.
But
what
I
want
to
do
here
is
give
two
examples
of
completely
non-crypto
non-blockchain
companies
and
their
carbon
footprint
and
all
will
become
clear
in
a
minute
as
to
why
I'm
doing
this.
A
So,
first
off
at
unilever,
they're,
a
global
consumer
goods
company.
If
you
don't
know
unilever,
you
will
know
their
brands.
They
have
a
lot
of
cosmetics
and
hygiene
brands
like
dove
they've
got
a
lot
of
ice
cream
brands
like
ben
and
jerry's
they've
got
helmand's
mayonnaise.
All
these
kind
of
things
and
unilever
are
a
real
leader
in
this
field.
A
They've
done
very
comprehensive
work
on
their
own
carbon
footprint,
which
is
part
of
the
reason
that
I
want
to
share
this,
and
the
point
of
this
slide
is
to
show
the
complexity
when
a
company
really
really
starts
digging
into
not
only
its
own
carbon
footprint.
It's
it's
scope,
one
and
two
emissions
which,
in
the
case
of
unilever
here,
is
only
two
percent
of
its
carbon
footprint.
A
When
you
really
start
to
dig
into
a
company's
carbon
footprint,
the
vast
majority
for
almost
every
company
is
going
to
be
their
scope,
3
emissions
and
in
the
case
of
unilever.
Here
I
mean
you
can
read
through
it
yourself,
I'm
not
going
to
go
through
them
all,
but
it
will
highlight
some
really
unexpected
things.
In
the
case
of
unilever,
10
of
the
emissions
comes
from
freezers
and
retailers,
storing
their
ice
cream.
A
A
And
here's
another
example
that
you'll
be
familiar
with
too
at
starbucks:
they've
got
30
000
coffee
shops
globally,
yet
only
8
of
their
carbon
footprint
comes
from
the
operation
of
those
coffee
shops.
11
comes
through
the
growing
of
the
coffee
that
they
use
and
a
whopping
21
comes
through
the
milk
that
they
put
in
their
coffee.
A
Now
neither
of
them
have
got
anything
to
do
with
crypto,
but
the
reason
I'm
showing
you
is
this
is
zumo's
scope,
one
two
and
three
carbon
footprint.
Now.
This
is
indicative
at
the
moment
for
reasons
that
I'm
going
to
explain,
but
the
complexity
of
the
two
I've
just
shown.
You
is
really
really
apparent,
and
what
really
strikes
me
when
I
look
at
our
own
carbon
footprint
here
is
the
relative
simplicity
of
it
in
the
our
carbon
footprint
and
bear
in
mind.
We
are
basically
an
intermediary
in
in
the
crypto
ecosystem,
we're
not
a
mining
company.
A
A
So
we
at
zumo
have
conducted
a
really
comprehensive
study
of
our
own
carbon
footprint
and
about
95
of
that
is
due
to
electricity,
and
that
makes
our
job
much
easier
than
for
most
other
sectors
that
have
this
really
really
complex
value
chain
that
need
to
do
a
lot
of
engagement
with
suppliers
etc.
A
Now
I
do
want
to
caveat
this
before
I
move
on,
because
it
is
indicative
at
zumo.
We
much
prefer
to
calculate
the
electricity
consumption
of
the
cryptocurrencies
that
we
work
with
and
our
responsibility
for
that
electricity
consumption,
I'm
quite
hesitant
to
then
convert
that
into
a
carbon
footprint,
because
there
are
huge
uncertainties
in
doing
so.
For
all
the
reasons
that
just
have
been
discussed,
bitcoin
mining
tends
to
make
use
of
stranded
renewables.
There
tends
to
be
a
higher
proportion
of
renewables
than
a
grid.
A
A
But
there
are
some
other
considerations
I
just
want
to
briefly
highlight,
and
my
my
background
is
not
in
crypto,
so
I
develop
net
netsedu
strategies
in
other
sectors
and
I
think
I
can
bring
to
this
an
element
of
insight
from
other
sectors
as
well.
Crypto,
absolutely
fascinates
me,
the
amount
of
environmental
and
social
good
that
we
have
the
potential
to
do
is
absolutely
massive,
but
there
are
some
things
that
we
need
to
consider
in
developing
net
zero
strategies
that
are
very
different
to
other
sectors.
A
A
A
Also
with
bitcoin
electricity
consumption
cannot
be
controlled
by
individual
players
now,
clearly
it
can
within
the
mining
community,
but
by
individual
players.
I
mean
people
like
the
holders
of
the
crypto
or
by
zumo.
We
need
to
deal
with
the
electricity
consumption
of
the
bitcoin
network
at
any
point
in
time,
and
we
we
all
know
that
that
can
be
heavily
influenced
by
the
value
of
bitcoin.
So
we
need
to
be
responsive
to
that
and
we
could
do
what
we
can
through
our
own
net
zero
strategy
to
influence
it
and
I'll
come
on
and
talk
about
that.
A
A
Our
scope,
3
emissions
are
90,
are
there
about
electricity
consumption,
and
that
gives
us
a
real
area
of
focus
and,
as
has
already
been
said
by
others,
it
gives
us
an
opportunity
as
a
sector
if
done
well
and
if
we
collaborate
and
if
we
all
do
it
with
impact,
it
gives
us
an
opportunity
to
really
scale
the
use
of
renewables
globally
and
that's
something
that
we're
really
excited
about
at
zumo
and
it's
something
that
we've
started
doing
quite
a
lot
of
work
on
as
to
how
might
we
begin
to
do
this
so
with
that
I'll?
A
Take
you
through
our
own
journey
briefly,
so
we
we
launched
in
2020
the
year
before
that
we
established
a
charity
partnership
with
waste
aid,
which
is
a
small
and
growing
charity
that
are
really
really
similar
growth
journey
to
zumu,
and
they
work
with
people
in
the
world's
poorest
communities
to
implement
good
waste
management
practices.
They
basically
help
all
the
people
that
blockchains
and
cryptocurrencies
have
got
the
greatest
potential
to
help.
So
there's
so
many
synergies
there.
A
We
started
our
decarbonisation
journey
the
year
after
that
we
did
a
lot
of
work,
trying
to
quantify
our
own
carbon
footprint
and
then
thank
goodness
for
us,
the
cryptoclimate
accord.
It
was
formed
in
april
2021
since
then,
we've
been
working
really
closely
not
only
with
the
acquired,
but
with
all
the
brilliant
contacts
that
we
have
made
through
the
crypto
climate
accord.
So
thank
you
so
much
to
everybody
who
was
involved
in
doing
that.
A
We
launched
our
own
net
zero
strategy,
along
with
our
state
of
play
report
around
about
the
time
of
cop
in
2021
and
then
immediately
after
that
we
started
our
own
zero
hero
project,
which
I'm
going
to
talk
about
a
little
bit.
But
that
really
was
our
first
practical
step
of
our
net
zero
strategy
to
see
how
do
we
begin
to
decarbonize
bitcoin
as
an
intermediary
in
the
crypto
ecosystem
we
find
out
in
march
that
we've
been
awarded,
innovate.
A
Firstly,
everything
we've
done
through
the
xero
hero
pilot
and,
secondly,
the
methodologies
that
we
had
developed
ourselves
and
in
the
interest
of
transparency.
We
wanted
that
all
out
in
the
public
domain,
so
we
issued
a
white
paper
in
june
and
that's
freely
available
on
zumo's
website.
A
This
is
our
net
zero
strategy,
so
we
have
three
pillars
to
our
net
zero
strategy:
pillar
one
is
zumo
the
company,
so
that
is
our
business
travel
our
office,
our
staff,
working
from
home,
purchasing
of
laptops,
computers,
suppliers
all
that
kind
of
stuff
the
chart.
I
showed
you
earlier
that
that's
only
five
percent
or
thereabouts
of
zumazone
carbon
footprint.
A
So
it's
not
significant,
but
it
is
in
the
sense
that
it
involves
all
of
our
staff,
and
so
it's
really
important
to
us
that
we
take
full
account
of
that
part
of
our
carbon
footprint,
because
it's
the
way
that
we
get
all
our
staff
on
board
and
and
make
sure
that
they're
fully
involved
in
the
net
zero
strategy
too
pillar
two
is
the
really
interesting
bit.
So
that's
the
cryptocurrencies
and
blockchains
that
we
work
with.
So
that's
what
we've
been
really
really
focused
on
over
the
past
year.
How
do
we
decarbonize
our
holdings?
A
How
do
we
decarbonize
bitcoin
when
individuals
make
a
purchase
on
the
zumu
app,
and
I
will
come
on
to
talk
more
about
that,
but
we
can't
work
in
a
silo.
No
net
zero
strategy
can
exist
in
a
silo.
Any
company
can
do
amazing
work
on
their
own
to
move
towards
net
zero,
but
they
will
never
fully
get
there
if
they
don't
work
with
the
wider
ecosystem,
because
much
of
this
involves
collaboration.
A
Much
of
this
involves
things
that
will
benefit
a
number
of
players
at
the
same
time,
and
not
just
individual
companies,
so
pillar
3
for
us
is
how
we
engage
and
interact
with
the
entire
ecosystem
and
we're
really
interested
in
being
involved
as
much
as
we
can
in
in
discussions,
we're
involved
in
a
couple
of
working
groups
through
global
digital
finance,
etc.
So
we're
really
excited
to
see
how
much
movement
that
has
been
in
the
wider
ecosystem
over
the
past
year
year
or
so
so.
A
The
final
bit
of
what
I
want
to
say,
but
perhaps
the
most
interesting,
is
a
bit
of
an
overview
of
the
research
and
and
practical
work
that
we've
been
doing
recently
as
to
how
we,
as
zumo
can
decarbonize
and
how
others
in
the
crypto
sector
can
practically
do
that
as
well,
and
this
is
a
screenshot
of
our
white
paper
which
was
published
in
june.
It's
available
on
our
website
zumo.money,
I'm
literally
giving
you
a
snapshot
here
of.
What's
in
it,
it's
actually
quite
a
comprehensive
document.
A
We
talk
a
lot
about
the
nuances
of
certain
elements
of
our
findings
and
I
probably
don't
have
the
time
at
the
moment
to
go
through
what
those
nuances
are
to
me
they're
the
most
interesting
bit.
So
I
would
really
encourage
you
if
this
is
of
interest
to
you
to
to
have
a
look
at
the
white
paper
and
just
to
give
you
an
overview,
the
xero
hero
pilot,
which
we
ran
in
early
2022.
The
aim
of
that
was
when
bitcoin
was
purchased
by
our
customers
in
the
zuma
lap.
A
The
methodologies
are
all
available
in
the
white
paper.
We
use
the
average
mindsets
genesis
model
for
that
and
we
did
a
survey
which
was
hugely
informative
and
perhaps
not
not
that
surprising.
I
think
we
we
realized
that
our
customers
were
going
to
think
that
this
was
important,
but
actually
84
of
our
customers
think
that
the
issue
of
environmental
sustainability
in
crypto
is
something
the
sector
should
be
working
urgently
to
address.
So
it
really
validates
all
the
work
that
we
have
done
on
this
today
and
everything
that
we've
got
planned
as
well.
A
A
So
we
had
looked
at
something
called
the
mindsets
genesis
model
so
that
I
think
actually
brad
had
kind
of
alluded
to
this,
and
he
has
talked
before
that
you
can
actually
do
an
averaging
of
the
electricity
consumption
of
all
bitcoin,
since
the
first
block
was
mined
and
and
kind
of
average
that
out
that's
what
we
did
through
the
xero
hero
project.
A
What
we're
calling
the
mind
now
model
is
what
I
believe
the
the
sustainable
bitcoin
protocol
is
using
at
the
moment,
but
there's
another
one
called
the
network
share
model
which
is
basically
just
looking
at
the
electricity
consumption
of
the
bitcoin
network
over
time
and
then
apportioning
that
to
an
individual
player
within
the
system
over
that
time,
and
we
go
into
this
in
quite
a
lot
of
detail
in
the
white
paper.
A
But
there's
pros
and
cons
to
each
approach,
and
I
do
believe
that
we
need
a
basket
of
methodologies
under
different
circumstances,
because,
for
example,
when
we're
talking
about
individual
users
or
holders
of
cryptocurrency,
something
that
actually
attributes
the
electricity
consumption
to
that
cryptocurrency
is
probably
more
appropriate
for
the
mind
now
or
the
mindsets
genesis
model.
But
if
you're
looking
at
an
individual
player
within
the
cryptocurrency
ecosystem,
like
zumo
for
example,
then
something
like
the
network
share
model
is
actually
more
appropriate
and
we
go
into
some
depth
in
that
in
the
white
paper
to
discuss
why.
A
The
other
thing
to
say
is
that,
literally
when
we
were
in
the
final
stages
of
finalizing
the
white
paper,
some
fantastic
guidance
came
out
from
south
pole
and
the
car
crypto
carbon
ratings
institute.
I
hope
I've
got
that
right,
which
we
actually
ended
up
incorporating
into
our
own
guidance,
so
that
you
can
see
what
all
the
methodologies
are
and
I've
no
idea
if
anybody
here
has
been
involved
in
doing
that
guidance.
A
We
focus
really
really
heavily
on
renewable
energy
strategy,
because
if
you
think
back
to
that
slide,
where
I
showed
what
zumo's
carbon
footprint
is
and
95
of
that's
due
to
electricity,
if
we
are
going
to
decarbonize
by
making
purchases
of
wrecks
for
that
electricity,
then
we
need
to
do
it
with
the
biggest
possible
impact
and
we're
having
some
really
really
interesting
discussions
at
the
moment
about
how
to
do
that.
So
we're
certainly
at
the
beginning
of
our
journey
with
regards
to
this.
A
But
this
is
the
bit
that
excites
me
most,
because
I
think
there
is
so
much
potential.
So
we
know
from
previous
discussions
and
presentations
earlier
that
there's
market
instruments
that
exist
that
allow
us
to
procure
renewable
electricity,
they're
recognized
by
the
greenhouse
gas
protocol,
that
the
market
is
out
there
to
allow
us
to
do
it.
But
I
have
to
say
that
what
was
particularly
interesting
to
me
and
bearing
in
mind
I'm
a
sustainability,
professional
I've
been
doing
this
for
20
years.
A
A
It's
not
an
easy
to
access
market,
certainly
not
in
the
way
that
carbon
offsets
might
be
easier
to
access,
but
I
think
that
gives
us
a
huge
opportunity
as
a
sector
we're
an
electricity,
intensive
sector.
It's
been
said
in
in
the
various
other
panels
and
things
today.
We
have
this
massive
opportunity
to
really
shake
up
that
marketplace
and
really
really
drive
demand
for
renewables
globally
and
and
if
we're
going
to
do
this
with
maximum
impact,
then
we
need
to
be
clear
what
we're
trying
to
achieve,
because
there
is
a
big
difference
between
balancing
the
books.
A
A
A
The
the
white
paper
that
we
have
just
published,
there's
other
ones,
though,
that
you
may
or
may
not
be
aware
of
the
cryptoclimate
occurred
back
in
december,
produced
guidance
on
methodologies
for
calculating
electricity
consumption
and
carbon
emissions
in
relation
to
cryptocurrencies,
which
is
fantastic
and
theirs
is
more
wide
ranging
than
ours,
because
it
looks
both
the
mining
and
the
user
side
of
things,
whereas
we're
quite
focused
on
intermediaries,
you
know
exchanges,
wallets,
etc.
A
The
south
pole
guidance
that
I
just
referred
to
is
there
too,
and
global
digital
finance
is
doing
a
lot
of
work
in
this
area.
I
think
I
mentioned
they've
got
a
couple
of
working
groups
and
they
published
some
information
before
on
the
digital
assets
and
and
esg
as
well,
which
is
really
worth
a
read
so
just
to
to
finish
off
with
one
of
my
favorite
quotes.
Nigel
topping,
who
was
the
un
special
envoy
for
cop
26,
has
famously
said
that
in
the
race
to
net
zero,
we
either
all
win
or
all
lose.
A
It's
the
one
race
that
you
don't
want
to
run
ahead
in
and
try
and
get
too
far
ahead
of
anybody
else,
because
we
all
need
to
be
racing
at
the
same
time.
So
with
that
in
mind,
we
would
love
to
talk
to
any
of
you
really.
I've
included
my
contact
details
here.
I'm
really
interested
to
hear
what
others
are
doing,
I'm
really
interested
if
you
want
to
reach
out
and
get
in
contact,
I'm
really
interested.
If
you
want
to
talk
about
renewable
energy
strategy,
so
I
think
I'll
finish
off
there.