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From YouTube: Mercedes Wyss - Introducción a la Computación Cuántica
Description
Esta charla explicaremos los fundamentos de la Computación Cuántica, como la combinación de los principios de la Física de Partículas (física y/o mecánica cuántica) con la Ciencias de la Computación y la Teoría de la Información a dado paso a la creación de esta tecnología que revolucionará el futuro en algunas industrias. Hablaremos de los retos a los que nos enfrentamos para poder producir esta tecnología, y las aplicaciones o problemas específicos en los que impactará la computación cuántica.
A
A
Another
definition
happened
to
me
was
the
first
of
this
quantum
computing
book,
an
introd
gentle
suction
from
him,
as
well
as
from
the
mic.
They
say,
quantum
computing
really
is
a
beautiful
combination
of
quantum
physics
with
computer
science
and
information
theory,
and
initially
this
sounds
like
a
very
easy
definition.
A
It's
not
all
my
name
for
Introducing
myself
is
Mercedes
Vice
I'm
from
Guatemala
Here
I
work
with
several
communities
or
initiatives
in
one
of
them
is,
for
example,
the
car
chapter,
where
we
do
activities
to
try
to
involve
more
women
and
more
girls
and
adolescents
in
sting
races,
and
even
create
that
women
that
I
stay
in
road
models,
also
because
I
am
co-leader
of
bailén
and
if
bullying
here
and
there
and
participated
with
the
mozilla
communities.
I
really
am
a
full
stack
mobile
per
level
and
my
daily
work.
A
I
really
do
technology
officer
for
a
startup,
but
development
in
everything
whatever
is
necessary
and
then
I
have
the
recognition
of
the
Otero
packaging
programs
and
the
now
co
n
bloomberg
that
ambassador.
So,
let's
start
fully
with
the
subject,
it
is
a
bit
charged,
but
for
this
we
have
20
minutes.
But
what
is
quantum
computing
and,
as
we
have
already
been
talking,
we
see
that
it
is
based
on
these
principles
of
physics
and
quantum
mechanics,
which
is
the
one
that
studies
the
fundamental
particles
of
nature,.
A
We
are
talking
about
those
elements
that
we
studied
in
school,
about
atoms,,
not
electrons
and
protons,
and
neutrons,,
neutrinos
and
well,.
This
is
really
these
theories
of
physics
and
quantum
mechanics.,
very
brilliant
scientists
or
physicists
exposed
among
them.
We
have
albert
einstein
max
planck
who
were
the
ones
who
were
working
on
the
theory
of
quantum
mechanics,
and
this
is
what
we
really
mean
when
we
indicate
that
only
a
very
low
percentage
of
the
population
manages
to
master
the
subject,
since
it
is
an
extremely
brilliant
percentage
that
developed
these
theories.
A
But
when
we
talk
about
this
Quantum
physics
that
is
in
charge
of
investigating
these
small
particles,,
their
behaviors
and
their
interactions,,
it
turns
out
that
some
particles
have
very
interesting
characteristics
and,
on
the
other
hand,
we
observe
that
part
of
those
elements
in
their
behavior
can
be
adjusted
to
things
that
we
see
in
the
computing.
We
have
now.
and
it
leads
us
to
the
approach
of
creating
specialized
hardware
that
can
emulate
these
behaviors.
A
A
Then
we
first
see
this,
which
is
the
spin
that
says
that
an
electron
can
take
two
values:
that
can
be
up
or
down.
It
turns
out
that
we
in
classical
computing
can
transform
it
to
the
fact
that
we
use
zeros
or
ones
at
the
bit
level.
No,
then,
this
is
already
complemented
in
computing
cu,
antic
with
another
property
that
is
superposition,.
A
In
fact,
it
was
very
weird
when
einstein
discovered
this
ability
of
particles-
and
he
said
it
was
a
terrifying
characteristic
at
a
distance,
and
what
happens
is
that
all
the
particles
that
are
entangled
have
a
collective
behavior
and
react
in
the
same
way.
At
the
same
time,
it
is
not
fair
as
In
a
mirror,
for
example,.
A
We
could
now
see
that
in
the
costs
or
the
issues
of
m
the
cloud
or
that
I
have
an
instance
in
a
data
center
located
in
one
place,
but
eventually
everything
that
I
change
in
that
data
center
is
replicated
to
another
by
If.
At
any
time
there
is
a
problem,.
You
can
continue
to
have
a
response
from
another
datacenter.
In,
any
case,.
What
is
being
done?
There
is
repl
icate
the
work
that
was
done
in
a
place
in
the
shortest
possible
time.
A
But
just
as
we
have
wonderful
properties
that
are
trying
to
be
emulated
to
create
quantum
computing,
because
we
have
a
couple
of
little
problems
and
the
first
we
have
is
the
issue
of
quantum
decoherence.
Quantum
decoherence
is
when
we
have
a
quantum
state,
and
this
returns
to
a
somewhat
classical
physical
state.
What
must
also
be
understood.
Is
that
in
nature
the
quantum
is
not
a
hundred
as
a
natural
state.
What
scientists
really
do,
for
example,
is
visit
particles
with
rays,
for
example,
videos,,
gamma,
rays.
A
I
think
they
are
some,,
but
then
what
they
do
is
put
the
particles
in
a
quantum
state
and
we
do
the
same
in
terms
of
quantum
computing..
But
that
of
coherence
is
when
we
have
noise
from
outside
or
interference,
and
that
makes
our
quantum
states
fall,
die
and
we
stop
having
this
quantum
part,.
So
this
is
like
one
of
the
challenges
and
one
of
the
biggest
challenges
that
we
have,.
A
We
are
going
to
talk
about
this
later
and
applied
to
quantum
computing,
so
we
have
seen
that
we
have
several
characteristics
so
here
in
quantum
computing,
we
call
our
bits:
kuwait.
Those
are
our
units
and
processing
units
and
what
they
do
is
emulate
the
properties
of
spin
together
with
superposition,
which
makes
water
and
truth,
because
only
the
spin
property
is
a
normal
byte,
true
that
it
can
have
an
up
and
down.
That
is
a
0
1,
but
with
the
superposition,
where
they
have
both
behaviors
or
two
behaviors
at
the
same
time.
A
That
is
what
makes
an
equal
we
are
going
to
continue.
Then
there
is
another
term
that
is
that
of
quantum
supremacy.
The
It
is
true
that
scientists
and
many
technicians,
many
luminaries
in
the
area
of
computer
science
and
information
theory,
have
been
working
on
quantum
computing
for
years
and
developing
computers
that
we
can
use,
in
fact,.
A
We
can
now
use
computers
in
some
cloud
quantum
or
at
least
computers
with
a
little
bit
of
Kuwait,
well,,
but
it
is
suggested
that
if
it
is
going
to
take
around
5
years,
well,
two
years
ago,
it
was
estimated
that
they
were
between
5
and
10,.
I
would
say
that
this
has
already
changed
a
little,
but
yes,
in
these
companies
that
I
tell
you
are
already
in
the
race.
Ibm
is
very
advanced.
We
have
other
private
Canadian
companies
that
we
have
righetti
and
the
way
or
that
they
are
also
working
on
quantum
computing.
A
In
fact,
last
year
he
already
joined
w
is
in
google
from
google
last
year.
I
think
it's
called
free
state
wise.
It's
a
computer,
ok
I!
Think
that's
not
the
one
to
be
used
in
your
cloud
that
it
had
128
kuwait
to
be
used
up
to
now
is
like
the
largest
number
of
kuwait
that
a
computer
has
ever
had,
but
let's
say
to
ibm,
which
is
the
one
that
is
starting
this
and
announced
that
for
the
next
year
they
will
have
a
computer
that
will
have
1000
kuwait
to
be
able
to
use
it,,
but
hey,.
A
Quantum
supremacy
is
like
the
goal
of
being
able
to
have
quantum
computers
that
remain
stable,,
that
quantum
coherence
does
not
occur
to
them,
and
that
they
are
exactly
super
easy,,
but
that
are
in
the
hands
of
the
general
public
en
masse,,
at
least
through
the
clouds.
So
now,
let's
talk
a
little
bit
about
quantum
processing,
that
is,.
A
Why
all
this
about
quantum
computing
and
the
fact
of
having
some
kuw
specialized
ait,
because
it
is
doing
so
much
for
half
an
hour
in
the
world
and
because
it
would
also
be
important
that
we
begin
to
soak
up
a
little
bit
of
this,,
especially
if
we
are
developers,
because
right
now
many
of
those
who
are
there
are
the
people
who
are
developing
this
hardware.
So
we
here
we
have.
In
fact
this
is
like
the
example
one
of
the
algorithms.
A
We
will
see
one
in
depth
later,
but
we
have
the
integer
update
algorithm,
which
is
one
of
one
of
the
pillars.
One
of
the
basic
algorithms
used
in
cryptography
algorithms
and
what
we
do
in
the
factorization
of
integers
is
take
an
integer
and
divide
it
into
two
numbers
that
multiplied
between
them
damages
my
mind
and
what
we
are
doing
here
is
seeing
an
equation
in
that
equation
b.
Is
the
number
of
bits
that
we
are
going
to
process
We
have
to
remember
that
many
times
when
we
develop
now
we
do
it
with
programming
languages.
A
programming
at
a
very
high
level,
and
we
see
that
integer
as
an
integer,.
But
when
it
comes
to
processing
that
number,,
we
do
it
in
terms
of
net,
that
is,
this
eventually
runs
as
machine
language,
where
what
we
are
processing
are
each
of
the
bits
that
make
up
that
integer
level,.
So
while
the
integer
is
larger,,
the
number
of
bits
that
we
are
going
to
process
is
greater,.
So
here
what
is
established
is
that
the
larger
that
number
of
bits
is,,
the
time
that
we
are
going
to
take
it
is
going
to
be
exponential.
A
So
here
we
see
in
this
graph
that
the
more
bits
I
have
to
process
in
classical
computing.
What
happens
is
that
we
have
an
exponential
growth
of
the
response,
time
of
the
processing
time
that
we
are
going
to
have
for
those
bits.
Now,
let's
talk
of
the
times
that
are
used
in
terms
of
processing,
we
have
two:
polynomial
time
and
exponential
time,.
We
are
very
used
to
exposing
ourselves
to
exponential
times
in
classical
computing,
because
the
more
we
need
to
process,
the
more
resources
we
are
going
to
use
in
classical
computing,.
A
A
So
we
see
that
polynomial
time
down
here
in
yellow
and
we
see
that
as
the
amount
increases
of
bits,,
that
time
begins
to
stabilize,,
which
means
that,
with
quantum
computing,
we
are
going
to
be
able
to
have
polynomial
times,,
shorter
response,
times,
and
today
give
them
more
effective
and
faster
responses,.
So
we
have
great
potential.
A
Now.
Let's
talk
about
this
because
quantum
computing
is
Coming
to
revolutionize
the
world.
Ro
is
not
going
to
come
to
replace
classical
computing,
that
is,.
It
is
not
that
in
the
future,
I
am
going
to
stop
using
the
computer
from
which
I
am
giving
this
presentation
and
I
am
going
to
use
a
quantum
computer,
because
if
not,
quantum
computers
are
coming,
such
as
replacing
or
trying
to
solve
things
that
classical
computing
cannot
do,,
not
even
the
supercomputers
that
exist
now
can
solve,.
A
So
we
see
a
panorama
in
which
specialized
hardware
is
being
created
to
be
able
to
emulate
all
these
properties
that
we
are
talking
about.
quantum
physics,
and
that
also
requires
specialized
software
to
be
developed
to
be
able
to
run
on
this
specialized
hardware.
So
we
are
going
to
talk
a
little
here,
because
eventually
it
is
not
possible
for
just
anyone
to
have
a
quantum
computer
or
a
quantum
processor
and
well.
Actually,
this
thing
about
processors
is
like
these
efforts
that
are
being
made.
A
Now
to
that
we
can
run
neural
networks
already
trained
in
devices
like
delete,
see
I,
don't
know,
but
google
has
a
project
called
the
road
coral
and
what
they
do
is
that
we
have
one
like
sb,
that
we
connect
to
the
raspberry,
for
example,
and
then
there
the
ram
I
would
see
you
can
run
some
artificial
intelligence
algorithms
locally.
But
when
we
are
developing
quantum
computers,
we
have
to
have
specialized
scenarios
first,
we
need
to
have
permanent
cooling
with
nitrogen.
These
computers
need
right
now
to
be
at
minus
273
degrees
Celsius.
A
One
of
the
things
that
the
scientists
are
working
on
scientists
is
to
reduce
this
temperature,.
For
example,
to
minus
80
degrees
Celsius,
but
in
the
same
way
it
is
still
colder
than
the
coldest
place
where
people
live
in
the
world,.
It
is
also
necessary
to
have
them
inside
a
vacuum
chamber,
on
dispatch
to
avoid
any
interference
or
noise
from
the
environment,
but
also
it
exists
in
quantum
interference.
A
We
have
intelligent
quantum
algorithms,
one
of
the
things
that
they
are
looking
to
do
to
avoid
being
noticed
or
giving
us
quantum
coherence
are
intelligent,
algorithms,
such
as
what
he
has
now
with
him,
with
his
autonomous
database
or
with
his
linux,
autonomous
that
they
themselves
install,,
for
example,
,
security
patches
or
update,
or
maintain
the
database,.
They
are
looking
for
intelligent
algorithms
that
manage
to
detect
in
time
that
there
is
quantum
interference
and
that
resolve
this,.
Then
we
also
have
two
different
things
in
terms
of
of
quantum
hardware.
A
We
have
the
standard
qubits
that
are
these
kits
that
have
a
1
or
a
0,
and
then
we
have
the
logical
qubits,
because
this
can
guide
how
those
divisions
that
we
are
doing
of
bits
of
bytes
of
megabytes
of
gigabytes.
But
it
has
not
really
been
put
like
the
number
of
standard
clubs
that
would
come
down
to
a
logical
tube,
but
in
this
In
these
terms
of
quantum
interference
and
that
decoherence
occurs
to
us,.
Scientists
have
discovered
that
the
more
standard
qubits
we
have,
the
more
stable
a
quantum
computer
is,.
A
It
is
going
to
launch
a
128
megabyte
one
and
I
think
I'm,
not
starting
to
run
out
of
time
anymore,
so
I'm
going
to
go
a
little
faster.
These
are
some
of
the
quantum
algorithms
that
we
already
have.
The
first
ones
are
these
from
Joyce's
dodge
problem.
A
We
say
that
it
really
is
to
see
if
a
golian
function,
a
of
a
variable,
is
constant
or
to
see.
A
Gates
are
actually
done
the
same
as
in
normal
algorithms.
We
have
an
input
over
here
we
are
going
to
handle
quantum
gates
to
make.
Our
information
can
be
processed
in
terms
of
bits
that
can
handle
both
states
and
we
are
going
to
have
security
then,
but
here
they
are
going
to
happen,
some
analogies
in
a
term
or
in
terminology
not
In,
normal
classical
computing.
What
we
have
is
a
problem.
We
have
an
algorithm
to
solve
that
original
problem
and
we
generate
a
solution
in
quantum
computing.
A
What
we
are
going
to
have
are
specific
quantum
algorithms,
so
what
we
are
going
to
do
is
have
a
problem.
Our
problem
original
and
what
we
are
going
to
do
is
transform
that
original
problem
into
a
problem
that
is
related
to
the
terms
of
quantum
computing
and
solve
that
problem.
That
was
generated
with
the
quantum
computing
algorithms,
and
with
that
we
are
going
to
generate
a
relative
solution
and
from
We,
are
going
to
give
the
final
solution
of
that
relative
solution.
A
We
are
not
going
to
talk
much
about
this,
because
it
is
a
short
time,,
but
well,.
It
is
expected
that
in
the
future
we
will
have
hybrid
computing
like
the
one
to
do
at
some
point
in
computers,.
It
was
true
that
it
was
lived
at
cpu
and
a
gpu
is
believed
to
be
a
graphics
processing
unit.
To
make
things
faster,
so
What
we
are
going
to
see
is
a
piece
of
paper
that
could
be
a
quantum
processing
unit
for
now,.
A
That
would
be
something
that
we
are
going
to
send
to
a
quantum
cloud,,
but
if
it
is
foreseen
that
in
the
distant
future
we
will
also
have
quantum
processors
that
we
could
eventually,
together
with
our
computers,
to
see
if
one
day
we
can
have
something
like
what
the
projector
has
and
good
to
finish
quickly,
and
we
have
here
some
of
the
applications
that
quantum
computing
has.
In
fact,
I
began
to
investigate
quantum
computing
for
the
Security
issues.
Since
we
see
that
the
error
algorithm
can
already
break
part
of
the
cryptography
that
we
have
right,
now.
A
They
are
actually
creating
quantum
artificial
intelligence,
algorithms
to
be
able
to
execute
quickly,.
So
the
first
thing
is
to
increase
security,
the
truth.
Is,.
It
is
even
sought
that
block
change,,
which
many
times
block
sing,
is
related
to
cryptocurrencies,
blogs
in
particular,
mobility
is
what
happens?
Is
that
the
industry
in
cryptocurrencies?
They
use
block
change
as
one
of
their
security
mechanisms,
but
in
fact
Well,
even
I
am
going
to
recommend
here.
A
There
is
a
talk
by
you
that
is
very
good
by
a
girl
named
I
am
and
I,
don't
even
know
that
she
talks
a
lot
about
the
uncertainty
of
quantum
for
encryption
in
applications
and
all
its
probabilities
of
use
and
of
vulnerabilities
that
we
are
going
to
have.
But
first
we
are
going
to
create
better
encryption.
Algorithms
to
protect
this.
In
fact,
I
have
already
done
two
experiments
in
China.
In
fact,,
two
years,
ago,
I
think
it
was
with
Austria.
A
With,
Australia,
I,
don't
really
remember
well,,
but
they
exchanged
encrypted
messages
with
quantum
cryptography
by
means
of
fiber
optics
between
continents
and
the
other
is
a
project
in
beijing.
What
it
did
was
send
information
to
a
satellite
using
quantum
cryptography,
algorithms
and
well.
Then
we
have
the
part
of
designing
supersonic
drugs
right
using
artificial
intelligence,
For
algorithm
processing,
in
fact,
there
is
a
company
called
Tom
Waits
that
he
already
uses
with
super
computers,
these
algorithms
to
be
filtered.
We
are
also
going
to
see
human
organs
on
chips.
A
Tests
in
silico
silico
is
a
material
that
is
looking
for.
In
fact,
I
have
it
here
that
no
more
human
tissues
or
even
cells
or
animals
have
to
be
used
to
do
tests,
but
that
it
is
done
in
this
sil
and
ccoo
thing.
But
if
we
manage
to
emulate
these
molecules
in
a
quantum
computer,
doing
tests
will
even
be
much
easier.
Is
the
creation
of
these
virtual
humans.
Then
we
have
the
part
of
DNA
sequencing
and
analysis.
Really.
The
It
has
been
like
a
historical
milestone.
In,
its
beginnings,.
A
It
took
fifteen
years
to
decipher
Newman's
code.
Being,
the
human
genome
project
that
began
in
1990,
well,
actually,
right
now
there
are
around
2,000
genetic
tests,,
but
for
that,
it
is
necessary
to
do
the
sequencing
of
the
dna
and
analysis.
But
that
takes
a
lot
of
time
and
you
can't
do
a
complete
sequencing.
So
surely
it
will
be
created
or
Quantum
computing
is
being
sought
to
help
us
with
this,,
so
that
the
analyzes
and
sequencing
are
much
faster,.
They
are
also
much
more
accurate
and
accurate,
with
this.
A
It
could
even
predict
what
diseases
a
person
could
suffer,
why,,
because
many
diseases,
well
We
already
bring
them
as
written
in
the
DNA,.
They
are
congenital,
genetic
inheritance,,
not
also
on
the
subject
of
the
medical
industry,.
It
will
allow
us
to
focus
on
patients
right
now,.
What
is
happening
in
the
world
is
that
we
have
many
researchers,
well,.
We
have
researchers,
not
as
many
as
it
should
be,
because
in
Latin
America,
sometimes
we
are
very
bad
here
in
Guatemala.
A
A
We
can
do
things
that
I
have
around
here
like
text
mining,
for
example,
p
In
order
to
read
the
articles
and
be
able
to
tell
the
temple
being
lost,
I
have
a
rare
case
of
a
disease
that
presents
these
symptoms
or
that
we
are
using
these
medications
and
what
we
are
going
to
do
with
these
quantum
algorithms
is
to
search
in
all
the
ages
that
we
have
and
Let
me
tell
you,
look,.
We
found
this
information
in
the
databases,
for
example,
and
that
is
going
to
offer
more
accurate
medical
decision-making,
systems.,
In,
fact,
I.