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From YouTube: Blockchain's Role in the Face of Disruption
Description
2020 has rewritten the rules to almost everything, and there’s nothing like disruption to drive change and even innovation. From short-term responses to crises, like PPE shortages or raging wildfires and hurricanes, to longer term planning for increased accountability and transparency in managing supply chains and addressing climate change, new and increasingly urgent use cases have emerged for blockchain in the past nine months. And more complexity and change is on the horizon as the world tries to refind its footing, navigating vaccine development and distribution, economic recovery and continued climate challenges. This panel will look at some of the ways blockchain is already at work addressing the challenges of 2020 as well as at the work that lies ahead.
Brian Behlendorf, Executive Director, Hyperledger
Dale Chrystie, Blockchain Strategist, FedEx
Heather Flannery, Founder, CEO, ConsenSys Health
Gigo Joseph, VP, Blockchain Services, Chainyard
Martin Wainstein, Yale Openlab, Open Earth Foundation, MIT Media Lab
Michael del Castillo, Associate Editor, Forbes
----
Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use
Case Studies: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/case-studies
Training & Certification: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/training
Tutorials: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/tutorials
Webinars: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/webinars
Events: https://www.hyperledger.org/events
Vendor Directory: https://www.hyperledger.org/use/vendor-directory
Subscribe to the Hyperledger Newsletter: https://www.hyperledger.org/newsletter
Follow-us on Twitter @Hyperledger
Learn about Hyperledger Membership: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/join
#Hyperledger #Blockchain
A
Hello:
everyone,
I'm
brian
bellendorf,
I'm
executive
director
of
hyperledger
at
the
linux
foundation,
and
we
are
halfway
through
our
fifth
anniversary
panel
series.
It's
amazing
to
believe
hyper
ledger.
We've
been
around
for
about
five
years.
We've
had
great
conversations
so
far
in
the
the
panel
series
about
the
early
days
of
hyperledger,
what
kind
of
led
to
the
formation
of
the
organization
and
and
some
of
some
of
the
accomplishments
that
have
arrived
since
then.
A
Coming
up
next
week
we
have
a
conversation
on
central
bank,
digital
currencies
and
and
stable
coins,
and
the
role
that
permission
dlts
will
play
in
that
future
and
then
I
will
wrap
it
up
in
the
last
week
with
two
things:
a
panel
on
the
next
five
years
of
hyperledger,
as
well
as
a
networking
event
on
the
17th,
which
is
our
proper
birthday.
So
please
join
us
for,
for
all
of
these
different
things.
You'll
find
more
information
about
this
on
the
hyperledger
website.
A
A
We
have
some
of
my
favorite
members
in
the
community
on
the
on
the
call
here
today
and
perhaps
the
leading
chronicler
of
enterprise
of
the
enterprise
blockchain
space
and
compiler
of
the
forbes
blockchain
50
forbes
contributor,
michael
del
castillo,
to
moderate
this
panel.
So
at
this
point,
michael
I'll
pass
the
baton
to
you
and
take
it
away.
B
Thank
you
so
much
and
thank
you
everybody
for
joining.
It's
been
great
to
get
to
know
you
over
the
past
couple
days,
as
we've
had
sort
of
preparation
calls
for
this.
I
think
a
lot
of
what
we're
going
to
talk
about
will
be
how
things
have
changed
over
the
last
five
years,
how
the
industry
has
matured
and
grown
and
how
what
your
customers
and
users
are
demanding
has
evolved,
but
I
think
you
know
one
of
the
things
that
has
changed
most
recently.
B
Is
we
no
longer
kick
these
events
off
with
the
obligatory?
What
is
a
blockchain
definition?
I
I
remember
in
the
early
days
we
used
to
always
have
to
talk
about.
Well,
what
is
a
blockchain?
What
is
distributed
ledger
technology?
What
is
the
difference
between
dlt
and
blockchain,
but
I
think
you
know
as
a
a
way
to
sort
of
give
an
homage
to
the
the
past
five
years
ago,
we're
going
to
start
off
with
a
quick
definition
of
what
is
blockchain
and
the
reason
why
I
want
to
start.
B
There
is
because
we
have
two
very
interesting
visual
examples
of
what
a
blockchain
is
on
our
panel
today
and
so
to
sort
of
break
the
ice.
I'd
like
to
ask
if
heather
and
martin
could
please
just
very
briefly
show
us
what
a
blockchain
is,
and
then
we
we,
we
had
some
a
nice
conversation
earlier
about
what
a
blockchain
is
and
just
for
the
sake
of
a
historical
homage,
we'll
talk
about
what
is
blockchain
so
heather
and
martin.
Why
don't
you
show
us
your
blockchains.
C
D
B
E
F
A
Well,
first,
I
just
wanna
make
sure
we
we
remember
to
introduce
all
of
ourselves,
so
everyone
gets
to
know
who
all
of
us
are
okay,
and
no,
I
just
the
conceptual
model
of
blocking
and
and
being
you
know,
burdened
by
chains.
It's
as
a
marketing
term.
I
mean
who
thought
of
it.
But
you
know
this
is
coming
from
the
open
source.
A
Guy
and
open
source
itself
is
a
problematic
term,
and
maybe
we
just
accept
that
all
of
the
community
terms
that
we
deal
with
are
problematic
in
some
way
or
another,
but
in
a
way
I
think
blockchain
has
grown
on
us
when
we
feel
like
we
need
to
put
on
a
tie.
We
use
the
term
enterprise
dlt
enterprise
ledger
distributed,
ledger
those
sorts
of
things,
but,
but
I
do
think
blockchain
is
problematic,
but
has
kind
of
earned
its
it's.
It's
kind
of
keeping
away.
D
Great
first
again,
thank
you,
michael
thanks,
brian
and
hyperledger.
It's
a
pleasure
to
be
here
my
name's
martin
weinstein,
I'm
calling
in
from
los
angeles,
california.
I
am
the
founder
and
lead
scientist
of
the
yale
open
innovation
lab
program
manager
at
the
digital
currency
initiative,
the
mit
media
lab,
which
is
my
my
academic
hat.
I'm
I'm
the
founder
and
co-chair
of
the
hyperledger
climate
action,
special
interest
group
and
the
founder
and
executive
director
of
the
open
earth
foundation,
which
basically
is
the
vehicle
that
we
use
to
spin
off.
E
B
So
jijo
gets
the
prize
for
the
the
latest
meeting
time
now
that
we've
kind
of
got
to
know
a
little
bit
about
who's
here
with
us.
I
want
to
get
started
with
why.
Why
are
you
here?
Why?
Why
hyperledger,
why
a
non-profit
public
organization,
like
hyper
ledger
in
our
warm-up,
calls
for
this
meeting?
One
of
the
things
that
really
stood
out
to
me
was
sort
of
some
of
the
limitations
that
you
guys
face.
B
D
I
can
I
can
go
first,
I
mean
there's,
there's
three
things
to
me
that
resonate:
one
is
the
institution,
the
strong
institution
behind
it
with
the
linux
foundation,
to
be
able
to
carry
out
important
projects,
particularly
in
the
governance
process.
The
other
part
is,
of
course,
the
community.
I
mean
we
had
our
our
hyperledger
forum
and
it
was.
It
was
very
vibrant
to
see
people
working
together,
and
it's
that
really
collaboration
that
makes
it
possible
the
other.
D
One,
obviously
is
the
underlying
tech,
but
but
the
three
together
are
when
one
has
to
build
on
an
open
digital
infrastructure
that
business
sets
on
top
of
common
standards,
common
protocols,
common
code.
It's
it's
really
the
nonprofit
that
I
think
is
best
positioned
to
be
able
to
be
that
neutral
partner
when
there
is
many
different,
conflicting
multi-stakeholder
motivations.
B
Heather,
it's
unusual
for
technology
to
be
associated
with.
You
know
the
non-profit
world
I
feel,
like
you
know,
we
talk
about
these
sexy
high-tech
fancy
billion
dollar
trillion
dollar
companies
in
the
technology
space.
What
are
the
limits
that
you
see
with
the
the
for-profit
space
and
what
brings
you
and
consensus,
health
and
and
other
similar
organizations
to
a
non-profit
world.
C
So
so
the
notion
that
any
one
corporation
could
introduce
a
product
or
service
that
could
that
that
could
turn
enough
levers
and
dials
to
to
write
all
of
the
the
the
distorted
incentives
and
so
on
is
simply
unrealistic
and
there's
many
important
ways
that
we
need
to
collectivize.
Our
thinking
and
our
action
and
standards
is
one
of
those
ways.
Burgeoning
vibrant
global,
open
source
communities
is
another
one
of
those
ways.
Those
are
you
know
those
have
models
for
convergence
as
well.
C
So
I
think
that
it's
it's
it's
critical
in
my
industry,
from
a
healthcare
and
life
sciences
perspective
as
well,
because
for
any
one,
private,
for-profit
company's
solution
to
actually
reach
adoption
and
scale.
It
actually
has
to
prevent
vendor
lock-in
in
parallel,
because
our
industry
will
will
reject
a
solution
that
would
that
would
repeat
the
kind
of
pain
that
they've
experienced
with
with
vendor
lock-in
in
in
previous
paradigm
shifts
of
technology.
So
it's
vital
that
that
we
have.
We
have
we
create
flexibility
and
choice
and
mobility,
even
as
we
defend
our
proprietary
value,
propositions.
E
B
E
So
so
I
can
go
first
right,
you
know.
So
if
you
look
at
the,
if
you
look
at
the
evolution
of
the
the
blockchain
platforms
right,
I
mean
we
started
with
the
public
blockchains
and
then
when
we
are
looking
at
an
enterprise
level
right,
so
this
hyperledger
hyperledger
came
at
at
the
beginning,
and
so
we
see
a
you
know
more
brains
coming
to
quicker
convergence.
You
know
so
that
the
technology
actually
gets
adopted
very
quickly,
but
at
the
same
time
some
big
names
like
martin,
said
some
big
names.
E
Are
you
know,
standing
behind
it
to
support
that?
That's
exactly
the
the
combinations
you
know
these
days
and
people
looking
people
looking
at
it,
especially
in
blockchain.
It's
not
like
a
one
company
is
working.
It's
a
technology.
I
mean
the
blockchain
is
for
an
ecosystem
right
there
are
in
the
blockchain.
Is
for
a
if
you
look
at
you
know.
Multiple
companies
are
working
to
together
scenario.
So
in
such
scenarios
we
find
that
the
the
open
source
kind
of
a
environment
where
good
companies
are
backing
up
a
solution
works
very
well.
B
F
Yeah,
I
I
think
I
think
it's
helpful-
to
share
a
little
bit
of
our
journey
from
that
point
of
view
again
by
comparison
to
the
rest
of
the
panel,
I'm
on
the
business
and
strategy
side,
and
so
my
audience
typically
is
not
the
technician
right.
It's
not
on
the
technical
side
and
I
have
to
figure
out
a
way
to
go
down
the
other
path
of
that.
So
between
that
and
the
logistics
environment.
All
that
here's
how
we
got
to
that
point.
F
We
certainly
didn't
come
to
that
conclusion
initially
and
then
back
in
from
there
in
our
own
journey.
You
know,
as
as
all
of
us
have
talked
about
blockchain
to
media
and
to
you
know,
panels
and
interviews
and
conferences
back
when
we
were
all
still
traveling
and
all
those
kinds
of
things
we.
You
know
what
we
all
saw.
So
if
you
go
back,
you
know
you
kind
of
did
the
five-year
thing
I've
actually
got
on
conference
material,
I
kind
of
go
back.
F
Here's
the
last
five
years
in
60
seconds
right,
you
know,
hey
it's
bitcoin,
we're
all
going
to
get
rich,
hey
we're
going
to
treat
it
like
the
internet.
Hey:
hey,
hey,
what's
blockchain
and
all
the
rest
of
those
kinds
of
things
our
journey
has
kind
of
followed
that
same
pattern,
which
is
we
you
know
most
people
early
on.
I
think
we're
treating
blockchain
like
the
internet,
which
is
we
can
get
a
few
smart
folks
we
can
get
together.
We
can
sign
non-disclosures.
F
We
can
lock
people
in
a
room
and
kind
of
slide
pizza
under
the
door
until
they
come
out
with
something.
And
then
you
know
traditionally,
in
that
case,
fedex
would
slap
a
logo
on
it
and
put
it
out
to
the
into
the
world
right
and
as
a
proprietary
product.
Well,
that
logic
may
work
for
5
or
10
or
50
or
100,
or
maybe
even
a
thousand
entities,
but
the
friction.
The
the
complexities
of
that
relationship
won't
scale.
We
don't
believe
in
global
commerce.
F
So
at
global
commerce
level
it's
a
hundred
thousand
or
multiple
hundreds
of
thousands
of
entities
down
to
a
bicycle
delivery,
company,
and
so
the
fork
in
the
road.
From
our
point
of
view
and
our
journey
was,
does
that
scale?
Yes
or
no?
We
believe?
No,
we
believe
we
hit
a
wall
at
that
point
from
a
global
commerce
point
of
view.
On
the
contrary,
if
you
could
hang
an
open
source
license
on
the
threshold
of
this
now
virtual
global
door,
you
know
apache
or
mit,
or
something
and
say
are
you
okay?
F
Could
you
use
that
and
if
the
answer
is
yes
come
on
in,
we
believe
it
just
scaled
globally.
So
that's
a
non-technical
way
of
what
heather
and
others
have
just
described,
but
we
we
don't.
It's
not
an
altruistic
thing
from
our
point
of
view
we're
in
business
to
be
in
business.
Certainly,
that's
not
the
point.
F
The
point
is
we
don't
think
it
will
scale
without
that
we
think
there's
going
to
be
an
open
foundational
layer
and
then
there
will
be
all
kinds
of
proprietary
things
on
top
much
like
my
android
phone
or
whatever
the
case
may
be,
so
it
wasn't
an
altruistic
thing.
It
was
a
long
journey
that
led
us
to
some
conclusions
and
from
that
I'm
incredibly
proud.
Our
cio
rob
carter
has
been
in
the
position
for
many.
Many
years
came
out
a
year
and
a
half
ago
at
the
blockchain
revolution,
global
conference
and
calmly
said.
B
You
mentioned
two
interesting
examples
of
how
things
have
changed
over
the
last
five
years.
One
can
be
summed
up
in
one
word,
which
is
scale
five
years
ago.
We
were
talking
about
proofs
of
concept
and
prototypes
and
pilots
and,
to
a
large
degree,
we
still
are,
let's
be
honest,
but
increasingly
we're
we're
we're
talking
about
live
implementations
that
are
looking
at
problems
associated
with
scale.
The
second
thing
you
mentioned
that
I
think
is
really
interesting.
B
Is
that
your
cio
knows
what
a
blockchain
is
and
has
you
know
an
informed
perspective.
Five
years
ago
the
c-suite
was
not
paying
attention.
This,
the
c-suite
at
big
companies
was
not
paying
attention.
Blockchain
was
happening
in
basements
in
skunk
works,
hidden
off
in
the
dark
corners
of
enterprises.
People
didn't
want
to
talk
about,
that's
changed
and
it's
changed
rapidly
in
the
last
two
or
three
years.
B
I
think
I'd
love
to
open
it
up
and
just
kind
of
hear
an
exchange
of
ideas
between
the
panelists
of
what
you've
seen
that
most
has
changed
since
you've
gotten
involved.
It
could
be
from
technical
issues
that
you're
overcoming
to
demands
of
your
users,
your
audience
regulatory
issues.
What
is
the
the
the
single
biggest
difference
between
blockchain
now
and
blockchain
five
years
ago?.
C
Could
I
jump
in
on
that
one
michael
yeah,
so
so
just
to
kick
it
off
the
the
thing
that
immediately
comes
to
mind
for
me
is
that
if
we
think
about
the
conversations
we
were
having
in
blockchain
say
2015
16
even
into
17,
the
the
whole
focus
of
the
discussion
was
on
blockchain
as
a
discrete
technology
and
digging
into
all
the
intricacies
of
what
it
was
and
wasn't
and
needed
to
be,
and
so
on.
The
biggest
single
change
that
I'm
observing
right
now
is
that
it's
it's
entirely
about
convergence.
D
But
they're
like
blockchain
has
to
be
part
of
some
of
that
infrastructure,
and
so
it
makes
it
very
easy
to
be
able
to
to
talk
ab
in
those
terms,
and
it
also
on
thinking
about
that.
That
systems
level
is
the
power
of
peer-to-peer,
which
I
think,
five
or
ten
years
ago,
with
something
seen
very
much
as
a
grassroots
or
and
not
as
something
where
that
can
power
business.
And
I
think
that
that
has
changed
a
lot.
B
D
Yeah,
I
think
I
think
it's
probably
similar
to
what
what
happened
in
the
internet.
I
think
that
brian
probably
can
speak
a
lot
more
to
it
is
that
people
were
having
a
really
hard
time
explaining
what
the
internet
was
and
as
a
as
because
it's
somehow
invisible,
but
it's
a
but
it's
a
vector
that
connects
things
and
when
we
talk
about
systems,
it's
it's
it's
not
it's.
D
The
total
is
more
the
sum
of
the
parts,
so
you
need
to
be
able
to
explain
what
connects
those
discrete
objects
and,
and-
and
so
I
think
that
it
helps
people
visualize
that
and
that
that
itself
requires
an
infrastructure,
requires
the
trust
between
those
those
parts,
and
so
I
think
it
also
helps
with
business
model
ideas.
The
internet
produced
in
the
academic
world
a
whole
shift
in.
We
didn't
even
talk
about
business
models
before
the
internet,
but
eventually
we
had
to
explain
how
do
you
sell
something?
D
D
E
I
just
start
to
add
two
centers.
Now
I
see
a
three-way
transit
transition
happening
right.
I
mean
when
I
joined
early
days.
Blockchain
was
just
bitcoin
right
now,
people
will
say:
oh
that's
just
bitcoin
right,
I
mean
second
as
a
as
a
services
company,
the
second
thing
transition.
We
see
that
now
people
come
to
us
tell
us.
E
I
need
a
blockchain
right
now
they
just
come
back
saying
I
want
to
put
blockchain
in
my
solution
right
I
mean
they
never
used
to
say
what
solution
it
is,
but
from
there
in
the
last
one
year,
what
you've
got
to
see
is
like
a
clear
understanding
of
business.
Value
of
blockchain
is
coming
up
to
people.
You
know
as
an
example.
Now,
nowadays,
people
don't
come
to
us
says
I
need
a
blockchain,
but
they
come
up
with
a
you
know,
more
innovative
ways
of
doing
new
business
like
right.
E
You
know
that
it
could
be
as
an
example.
Real
real
estate
asset
organization
and
people
now
coming
with.
You
know
those
kind
of
business
cases
to
us.
So
so
we
see
a
an
understanding.
Level
of
people
has
increased,
especially
you
know,
because
blockchain
requests
both
technology
as
well
as
business
and
there's
a
good
understanding
of
business
is
happening
now,
michael.
F
Can
I
weigh
in
yep
so
back
to
martin's
points
I
I've
spent
many
years
in
process
improvement
and
in
quality
and
in
strategy.
My
brain
connects
dots,
I'm
not
on
the
technical
side,
I'm
on
the
business
and
strategy
side,
but
my
brain
connects
dots
and
most
businesses
are
simply
just
a
series
of
processes
and
one
of
the
graphics
one
of
the
visuals
that
I
use.
I
just
pulled
off
the
internet,
which
is
a
bunch
of
people
handing
sandbags
to
each
other
in
a
flood
scenario
right.
F
So
if
we
envision
that
you've
got
multiple
people,
I
hand
it
to
you
you
hand
it
to
heather
blah
blah
et
cetera,
et
cetera,
but
that's
that's
a
business
process.
That's
an
analogy,
a
metaphor
for
a
business
process.
Basically,
so
so
part
of
the
discussion
around
blockchain.
That
he's
referring
to
where
we
are
now
thinking
differently,
is
that
certainly
we
can
use
blockchain
as
a
process
improvement
involvement
right.
So
if
there
are
this
many
steps
in
that
process,
and
if
I
eliminate
one
of
those
steps,
that's
a
huge
percentage
improvement.
F
F
You
know
people
ask
all
of
us
all
these
questions
all
the
time.
Well,
what
happened?
What?
If
blockchain
just
doesn't
come
about?
What?
What?
If
it's
just
all
hyphens?
I
would
argue
that,
no
matter
where
it
goes
from
here,
it
has
already
changed
the
world.
It
has
already
changed
the
way
we
are
able
to
think
of
issues
and
contemplate
and
consider
and
freeze
us
up
to
go
wait
a
second.
If
you
can
do
that,
then
why
not
this
and
et
cetera,
et
cetera,.
A
Yeah,
I
think
you
know
the
parallels
to
kind
of
earlier
days.
I
I
remember
an
earlier
day,
specifically
of
open
source
software
and
some
degree
the
the
internet
kind
of
ring.
For
me,
it
used
to
be
that
we'd
have
to
make
the
case
for
wise
why
a
piece
of
open
source
offer
could
be
dependent
upon
commercially
by
collections
of
organizations.
A
Just
you
know
by
itself,
and
then
an
even
higher
challenge
was
convincing
them
that
they
there
was
value
to
them
and
actually
feeding
the
whatever
bug,
fixes
and
contributions
and
such
back
into
a
pool.
Now
that's
become
a
much
easier,
more
commonplace
kind
of
thing.
People
understand
companies
understand
why
they
do
that,
but
the
whole
web
2.0
cycle
was
about
companies
saying
we
want
to
be
platform
providers.
We
want
to
be
the
uber
of
this
or
the
airbnb
of
that
getting
vc
funding
to
say,
hey.
A
We
want
to
be
this
central
infrastructure
and
dlt
technology,
blockchain
technology
kind
of
says
you
don't
have
to
do
that.
You
can
take
a
collection
of
organizations
with
a
common
interest
in
sharing
information
and
conducting
transactions,
and
you
might
need
a
lightweight
governance
kind
of
organization
to
help
facilitate
that.
But
no
one
has
to
own
the
center
of
that
and
play
god
in
the
center
of
that
ecosystem.
And
that's
that's
a
revelation.
That's
still
something
that
a
lot
of
companies
are
not
getting,
but
I'd,
say
a
big
difference
between
now
and
five
years
ago.
A
Is
that
no
longer
feels
like
a
like
an
alien
concept
or
an
impossibly
idealistic
concept?
Now
that
people
can
map
that
to
oh,
no
there's
consortia
in
all
of
these
different
industries,
who'd
been
doing
standards
and
and
and
such
who
now
can
be
a
governance
organization
or
perhaps
new
kinds
of
organizations
around
these
blockchain
activities
and
that's
more
accepted
and
normal
than
than
this
pie
in
the
sky
kind
of
idea
from
five
years
ago.
B
All
of
the
effort
were
laid
bare
by
covet
19.
and
all
of
a
sudden,
you
were
seeing
people
rushing
with
their
sandbags
to
try
and
shore
up
the
walls
of
the
global
supply
chain
and
many
many
other
areas.
I'd
like
to
open
it
up
to
the
whole
group
to
ask
if
you
could
shed
a
little
bit
of
light
on
both
the
positive
ways
and
maybe
some
of
the
negative
ways
that
covet
19
has
changed.
The
way
that
your
organization,
your
customers
or
you
personally
are
dealing
with
blockchain.
C
I'll
jump
in
here
I'd
like
to
react
to
that
by
first
building
on
something
that
dale
was
was
commenting
on,
and
I
would
summarize
it
by
two
categories
of
value
creation,
one
optimization
and
a
second
transformation,
and
we
can
see
opportunities
in
covet
19
for
optimization
and
we
have
new
transformative
possibilities
that
are
that
are
also
being
created.
I
think
that
one
thing
that
hasn't
been
mentioned
yet
is
that
there
is
an
emerging
discipline
that
is
made
possible
by
this
technology
and
I'll
I'll
name
it
and
call
it
applied.
C
Behavioral
economics,
which
gives
us
the
the
first,
the
first
collective
human
infrastructure
by
which
we
could
hypothesize
about
some
set
of
incentives
in
a
complex
system.
We
could
implement
a
model
and
then
iteratively,
adapt
and
optimize
to
what
we're
actually
seeing
in
the
complex
system
that
that's
a
that's
an
optimization
case
that
that
has
extraordinary
potential
and
we
talk
so
much
about
distorted
incentives.
As
being
the
reasons
why
the
healthcare
and
life
sciences,
industry
and
its
data
silos
are
so
so
so
distorted
and
polarizing
in
in
the
way
that
they
engage
one
another
longer
term.
C
C
Yeah
so
with
covid,
we've
got,
let's
say
the
first
half
of
the
of
the
covid19
problem.
Space
is
oriented
around
around
supply
chain
around
around
ppe
around
the
the
brittleness
in
those
supply
chains
and
the
inability
to
have
visibility
and
transparency
to
real
world
information.
Real
world
evidence
immediately.
C
Those
those
were
problem
spaces
that
we
would
have
been
able
to
make
a
massive
impact
on
the
pandemic.
If
our
whole
blockchain
world
and
healthcare
had
been
able
to
move
forward
faster,
the
frankly
the
we
missed
the
deadline
in
terms
of
being
able
to
realize
those
value
that
value
in
real
time
at
the
beginning
of
the
pandemic,
and
it
will,
however,
affect
us
on
on
taking
future
epidemics
and
preventing
them
from
turning
into
pandemics.
I'm
confident
of
that.
B
C
C
Ultimately,
it's
not
blockchain
at
the
center,
it's
the
human
being
at
the
center
and
a
new
class
of
infrastructure
that
facilitates
that
human
being
it
being
able
to
aggregate
and
curate
and
ethically
monetize
that
information
about
themselves.
That
is
constantly
expanding,
so
I'll
pause
there,
but
that
transformation
of
of
the
person
in
the
center
and
their
empowerment
and
their
freedom
and
their
privacy
and
their
agency
is
at
the
heart
of
a
huge
constellation
of
health
care.
And
life
sciences
relevant
use
cases.
D
And
I
I'm
happy
to
continue
michael
on
on
sort
of
at
least
my
my
reaction
to
covet,
unlike
heather.
In
some
sense,
my
work
focuses
on
the
earth
system.
Like
that's,
that's
in
my
in
my
centers,
like,
let's,
let's
not
destroy
this
climate's,
a
key
part
of
that
and
I
think,
there's
been
three
aspects
to
to
how
kobet
affected
our
work
on
climate.
The
first
one
is
quite
quite
straightforward.
At
the
beginning
of
the
year,
australia
was
on
fire.
Climate
was
the
important
news
of
the
year.
D
D
What
happens
afterwards,
which
is
the
economic
impact
that
it
has
is
we
have
to
create
jobs?
We
have
to
create
green
jobs,
tackle
climate
and
job
creation.
At
the
same
time,
of
course,
climate
change
and
the
transformation
of
our
entire
energy
infrastructure
is
the
most
interesting
new
deal
we
can
have.
We
have
to
rebuild
our
infrastructure,
but
we
also
have
to
rebuild
our
digital
infrastructure,
there's
a
lot
of
remote,
green
friendly
jobs,
and
so
that
that's
a
that's,
an
important
horizon
ahead.
Infusing
both
challenges.
E
Hi,
michael
just
to
reflect
from
cheney
right,
so
we
have
a
solution,
called
trust
your
supplier
in
the
procurement
space
right.
So
this
is
a
digital
identity
of
a
supplier
that
can
be
cross
utilized
across
a
multiple
buyers.
So
we
had
the
solution
running
and
when
the
in
the
march,
when
this
code
hit
united
states
right,
so
the
supply
chain
is
one
typically
when
pandemic
such
thing
happen.
The
supply
chain
is
one
get
hits
first,
so
hospital.
E
We
found
hospitals
struggling
to
procure
quality
and
essential
ppa
equipment
and
the
mostly
the
available
availability
was
uncertain
and
we
had
quality
in
questionable
and
you
know,
supply
the
trust
and
supplies
of
the
roadie
and,
like
heather
said,
since
we
had
a
platform
available
with
us,
you
know
we
and
ibm
immediately
joined
together,
say
that
how
do
we
improve
the
trust
in
this
ppe
procurement?
So
we
had
the
trust
of
the
supplies
in
the
first
year,
supply
solution
and
availability
and
inventory
available
in
ibm
sterling
solution.
E
So
we
jointly
leveraged
these
two
put
together
a
rapid
supplier
connect
and
introducing
the
market
and
within
six
weeks
more
than
500
buyers
and
suppliers
started
buying.
That
right
I
mean
using
this
platform
so
which
gave
us
the
the
confidence
that
a
few
things
one.
The
trust
is
the
paramount
important
factor
when
a
such
pandemic
happens
right.
You
need
to
have
system
and
trust
does
not
come
not
from
the
blocks
unit.
You
need
to
have
the
ecosystem
created,
so
we
had
a
companies
like
don
and
brought
suit.
E
We
see
that
you
know
all
levels
from
enterprises
to
government
and-
and
we
see
that
the
the
people
in
the
past
looked
as
an
example
voting
using
blockchain
they
they
were
very
hesitant.
Now
they
started
looking
at
that,
we
have
seen
people
looking
at
vaccine.
You
know
track
if
even
there
is
a
case
came
to
us
saying
that,
like
you
know,
track
the
the
food
delivery,
you
know
how
much
traffic
it
has
increased.
You
know
put
a
blockchain
solution
so
that
you
know
they.
E
They
wanted
a
trust
in
the
system
right,
so
opening
the
borders
was
another
example
like
came
to
us.
Like
you
know,
when
people
crossing
the
border,
they
wanted
to
show
a
trusted
certificate
of
code
clearance
right.
So
so
we
see
an
increasing
adoption,
digitization
and
more
focus
on
on
blockchain
with
cover.
That's.
B
E
Because
people
are,
we
don't
want
people
to
travel
during
this
pandemic
ride.
We
don't
want
people
to
come
and
stand
in
the
line
at
the
same
time,
especially
remote
traveling.
In
this
very
specific
case
which
came
to
us,
was
they
don't
want
people
still
voting
from
the
phones,
but
they
could
go
to
like
you
know,
small,
so
many
different
location,
even
outside
their
state,
an
example
is
one
state
is
voting.
You
know,
I
don't
need
to
go
back
that
state.
E
B
F
Yeah,
I
I
want
to
go
back
to
the
to
the
the
original
question
here
was
around
covet
and
some
of
the
changes
and
things
like
that.
As
I
said
earlier,
my
brain
connects
dots,
so
we
connect
into
the
fork
in
the
road
which
we
don't
think
global
commerce
scales,
which
led
us
to
open,
which
open
is
inevitable
right,
which
led
us
to
the
cio
all
those
kinds
of
things,
but
that
concept,
which
is
the
longer
we
focus
on
individual
profits
and
proprietary
solutions
around
here.
F
I
think
we
think
it
actually
slows
down
the
adoption
of
blockchain.
So
it's
not
altruistic
it's
a
this
is
the
way
to
go,
and
if
we,
the
quicker,
we
can
all
work
together
to
do
that.
We
think
that
accelerates
all
kinds
of
things
that
led
me
to
a
word.
I've
been
using
for
a
couple
of
years,
which
is
coopetation
and
coopetation.
Initially,
you
know
we
had
to
have
conversations
with
the
legal
team.
Wait
a
second,
that's
an
anti-trust
discussion.
F
No,
it's
not
there's
hard
fast
lines
with
antitrust,
we're
not
going
to
get
anywhere
close
to
that.
That
is
not
the
point
here.
It's
simply
michael
and
dale
heather
and
dale
and
others
finding
out
it's
not
about
where
we
compete,
it's
about
where
we
can
agree
and
there
and
that's
a
big
space
right.
We
could
all
talk
about
safety.
We
could
all
talk
about
a
number
of
things.
From
that
point
of
view.
F
One
of
the
examples
that
I
mentioned
in
our
previous
call
is
that
we
are
part
of
a
an
association
called
the
global
express
association
that
only
has
three
members
fedex
ups
and
dhl.
Almost
nobody
knows
that.
However,
we
all
agree.
Where
can
we
agree?
We
are
certainly
competitors,
but
where
can
we
agree?
We
can
agree
that
reducing
friction
across
borders.
F
We
win
our
customers
win
and
global
trade
also
wins,
and
so
a
tangible
example
of
that
is
that
last
year,
a
year
ago,
we
worked
on
a
position
paper
together,
the
three
of
us
that
we
for
blockchain
and
emerging
technologies
that
we
provided
to
world
customs
organization
and
later
to
world
trade
organization.
So
that's
a
tangible
example
where,
where
can
it's
not
where
we
compete?
It's
where
we
can
agree.
So
where
can
we
agree?
That's
an
example
of
that.
However.
F
Now
we
pivot
into
the
into
the
virus
right
so
a
year
ago,
you
and
I
could
have
been
arguing
across
the
back
fence.
You
know
in
long
island
or
whatever
the
case
may
be
about
our
favorite
sports
teams
or
about
something
else
that
makes
may
have
seemed
important
at
the
time.
But
in
the
big
scope
of
things
we
very
quickly
found
out
a
few
months
later
was
not
at
all
important,
so
coopetation
or
this
shared
purpose.
F
Where
is
a
shared
purpose?
And
now
we've
been
talking
about
that
now
we
all
dropped
everything
and
we're
no
longer
arguing
about
the
celtics
or
the
this
or
whatever
the
example
might
be.
Now
we're
all
working
together.
We're
instantly
dropping
everything
to
pick
up
that
sandbag
or
in
this
case,
to
work
through
finding
ppe,
legitimate
and
authentic
ppe
by
the
way
that
brings
watching
back
into
that
or
ventilators
or
many
many
many
other
things.
And
so,
while
I've
been
using
co-op
petition
as
a
blockchain
reference,
primarily
it
is
absolutely
not
limited
to
blockchain.
F
F
But
it's
a
broader
concept.
Again,
as
I
would
say,
blockchain
is
a
technology
discussion,
but
it's
not
only
a
technology
discussion
and
a
lot
of
what
we've
been
talking
about
right
now
is
really
cultural.
It's
not
really
the
technology,
it's
not
in
the
r
d
department,
it's
the
broad
focus
of
who
are
we
as
good
corporate
citizens.
And
what
else
can
we
do
by
working
together
and
we're
seeing
that
play
itself
out
real
time
in
the
copen.
B
B
I
appreciate
that
taking
a
cue
from
dale
on
on,
you
know,
working
with
competitors,
and
you
know
that
this
isn't
altruistic.
You
must
have
one
of
the
broadest
perspectives
of
what
competitors
working
together,
looks
like
in
the
blockchain
world
and
you've
been
conducting
that
complicated
interaction
between
competitors
for
five
years.
B
A
That's
a
really
good
question,
and
I
and
I
do
sometimes
refer
to
what
I
do
and
other
other
peers
of
mine
at
the
linux
foundation,
who
are
leading
these
other
projects
as
nerd
diplomats,
because
at
one
level
it
is
about
helping
the
developers
figure
out
how
to
work
together
and
which
is
it
has
its
own
challenges.
You
know
as
a
developer
when
you've
got
a
clear
concept
of
what
you
want
to
build.
A
You
sometimes
don't
want
to
deal
with
the
noise
of
having
to
like
take
a
lot
of
people's
other
voices
into
account
or
have
to
read
up
on
what
somebody's
already
built.
So
sometimes
you
end
up
building
something
already
something
somebody
that
already
is
built,
but
but
there
are
ways
to
to
deal
with
that,
and
it's
about
driving
common
purpose
amongst
the
developers
and
and
actually
the
good
developers,
don't
want
to
reinvent
the
wheels
they
want
to
build
upon
what
other
people
have
done,
so
finding
them
empowering
them.
A
Giving
them
courage
to
to
kind
of
participate
publicly,
which,
in
2020
participating
publicly
in
an
open
source
project,
is
a
little
more
fraught
than
it
was
when
I
got
started
in
1995
the
the
risks
of
being
wrong
and
and
having
somebody
see
that
you
were
wrong
feels
a
lot
more
real
than
back
when
it
was
just
a
couple.
You
know
what
felt
like
a
couple
thousand
of
us
on
the
internet.
A
Well
and
they're
huge
right,
because
you
know
that
forms
essentially
your
alternative
cv
right.
You
know
people
these
days
if
you're
a
developer,
your
github
history
is
far
more
important
than
your
linkedin
profile,
so
that's
that's
one
level
of
it
and
that
can
help,
certainly,
and
especially,
if
you're
shown
as
a
developer,
to
be
positive
in
your
communications
and
collaborating
with
other
people
that
reflects
well
on
your
employment
prospects.
So
so
all
those
cases
can
be
made.
A
But
it's
also
really,
when
you've
got
someone
very
passionate
about
how
to
build
a
thing.
How
do
you
get
them
to
share
that
passion
and
find
room
in
that
passion
for
for
other
people,
especially
ones
they're,
not
sitting
like
close
to
or
don't
work
with
at
the
same
company,
but
but
that's
a
both
a
science
and
an
art
and
then
the
second
tier
is
really
getting
the
companies
back
to
your
original
question
to
find
common
cause
and
work
together,
and
you
know
blockchain
does
that
kind
of
inherently
right?
A
Most
use
cases
do
involve
these
multi-party
kinds
of
processes,
taking
middlemen
out
of
the
equation
for
sure,
but
also
kind
of
standardizing
and
routinizing.
A
lot
of
things
that
today
have
resisted
digitalization
because
of
the
resistance
and
trust
right.
So
we
have
members
in
hyperledger
that
represent
healthcare
companies
and
banks
and
end
user
organizations,
and
we
found
that
bringing
them
in
and
having
them
tell
stories
and
having
them
meet
each
other
and
and
meet
with
the
technology.
A
Companies
in
a
more
neutral
field
is,
is
a
way
to
pierce
through
some
of
these
competitive
concerns,
so
much
so
that
you
know
with
hyperledger.
We
focus
very
much
on
the
the
the
software
and
left
it
up
to
everyone
else,
to
build
their
own
networks
and
and
go
and
and
and
kind
of
figure
out
how
to
put
these
pieces
together
around
specific
use
cases,
but
we're
starting
to
see
a
call
to
participate
as
kind
of
a
governance
authority
on
some
of
these
networks
in
the
long
term.
A
We
put
up
a
page
to
talk
about
this
and
how
you
know
modeling,
not
just
after
how
the
linux
foundation
has
built
these
communities,
but
also
how
organizations
like
icann
or
the
the
ca
browser
form
which
manages
the
tls
root
infrastructure
are
practicing
this
kind
of.
What's
the
smallest
thing
we
can
all
agree
upon,
so
we
can
build
a
bigger
network
together
and-
and
we
think
that's
pretty
important
as
to
be
connected
to
issue
in
in
many
of
these
industries.
So.
C
You
know
what
michael
I
just
have
to.
I
just
have
to
interrupt
and
say
brian,
if
you
were,
if
you
were
a
political
leader
on
capitol
hill
driving
positive
bipartisan
policy
change,
you
would
be
so
amazingly
effective
your
leadership
style
in
those
those
kinds
of
polarizing
discussions.
I'm
just
saying
you
may
should
you
know,
reconsider.
A
B
B
D
I
I
I
going
back
to
the
kobed
situation
and
obviously,
in
my
case,
earth
and
climate,
the
challenges
are
actually
attractors
to
interoperability
solutions,
so
they're,
actually
helping
drive
them
more
than
anything
else,
so
they're
in
some
sense,
the
the
macro
challenges,
the
let's
say
the
borderless
challenges
are
are-
are
pushing
us
to
drive
the
interoperability
solutions.
That's
one.
One
thing
that
I
think
is
is
encouraging
in
some
sense
and
the
climate
space.
D
Of
course,
every
carbon
or
co2
molecule
that
we
pump
out
it
doesn't
doesn't
derive
from
a
of
a
border.
It
all
ends
up
in
the
atmosphere.
It's
a
single
jurisdiction
that
we
all
share.
So
how
do
we
manage
that?
And
at
the
same
time
we
have
companies
that
have
obviously
one
have
their
permissioned
registries
and
permission
accounting
and
the
inventories
at
the
national
level
and
the
unf
triple
sea
level.
D
C
Blockchain
has
a
discrete
technology,
independent
of
other
of
other
technologies,
you're,
absolutely
correct
jerry,
but
when
it's
converged
with
zero
knowledge,
cryptography
and
also
hardware
based
confidential
computing
modalities,
such
as
represented
by
the
confidential
computing
consortium,
also
under
linux
foundation,
those
those
combinatorial
processes
where
the
data
itself
is
in
tightly
coupled
off
chain,
storage
and
compute
infrastructures
that
are
also
part
of
a
new
infrastructure
layer,
I'm
not
necessarily
talking
about
in
enterprise
systems
and
then
one
other
one.
Other
quick
point
is
with
respect
to
interoperability.
C
I
think
I
think
it's
important
as
we're
conceptualizing
private
blockchain
networks
to
to
not
build
great
big
giant
new
silos
and
that
the
there
is
a
role,
a
critical
role
for
neutral
public
infrastructures
in
the
form
of
public
blockchains
that
aren't,
and
it's
not
a
competition
between
private
versus
public.
There
are.
There
are
certain
capabilities
and
discoverability
that
is,
that
is
critical
and
possible,
with
a
neutral
public
blockchain,
a
permissionless
blockchain
that
can
allow
discoverability
and
onboarding
of
private
networks
that
could
be
conceived
of
as
sidechains.
C
Those
private
networks
also
have
to
have
hierarchical
relationships,
and,
regardless
of
the
protocol
and
interoperability
of
the
protocols
themselves,
that
way
of
conceptualizing
how
those
networks
need
to
work
and
be
able
to
roll
up
to
something
neutral
in
public
is
is
a
critical
mental
model.
I
think.
B
Great
answer
great
question:
jerry:
if
you
want
to
do
any
more
research
on
this
you're
looking
for
zero
knowledge
proofs,
do
a
google
search
for
zero
knowledge
proofs
and
look
into
that.
It's
really
counter-intuitive,
but
I
think
to
heather's
point.
There
are
some
technical
breakthroughs
and
honestly
some
mathematical
breakthroughs
that
might
go
far
beyond
blockchain
and
might
not
be
fully
appreciated
for
decades
that
are
resulting
from
this
industry
and
particularly
from
that
space.
So
do
do
your
research
there,
jerry
great
question,
moving
on
patrick
asks.
B
What
paul
I
love
this,
because
I
I
I
love
the
idea
of
audiences
getting
involved
and
of
of
readers
getting
involved.
So
what
policies
can
local
citizens
start
advocating
for
to
their
local
municipal
governments
to
ensure
effective
implementation
of
these
new
and
emerging
business
models?
To
reiterate
what
policies
can
local
citizens
start
advocating
for
for
this
emerging
business
model
dale
go
for
it.
F
Yeah,
it's
a
great
question
and,
as
I
said,
the
process
improvement
and
the
connect.
The
dots
thing
helps
me
do
two
things.
One
is
drill
down
into
the
depths
of
that
question,
but
basically
one
of
the
things
that
I've
learned
and-
and
is
I
can't
ignore
at
this
point-
is
the
luxury
that
I
have
to
work
for
a
company
that
goes
to
220
countries
and
territories.
So
essentially
our
default
position
from
blockchain
and
many
other
things
is
essentially
the
international
space
station
and
from
that
level,
there's
no
fedex.
There's
no
industry,
there's
no
borders.
F
So
data
knows
no
borders
right
from
that
point
of
view,
so
it
gets
to
the
broad
concept
the
broad
point
of
this
question,
but
yet
you
know
how
do
you?
How
do
you
address
it
locally?
I
think
the
answer
is
both
I've
been
involved
with
multiple
states
in
the
u.s
that
are
trying
to
solve,
for
that
tennessee
had
an
effort.
We
started
a
couple
of
years
ago
working
through
that
to
try
to
understand
how
do
you
get
some
combination
of
academia,
big
business
and
government
to
work
together
again?
Where
can
we
agree?
F
The
coopetition
piece
kind
of
a
thing:
where
can
we
agree
and
that
gets
you
to
economic
development?
It
gets
you
to
jobs
which
gets
you
to
the
academia
piece.
What
classes
are
we
providing?
What
skills
are
we
providing,
etc,
etc?
I
also
worked
earlier
this
year
with
south
carolina
there's
a
number
of
people
in
the
u.s
that
are
all
trying
to
solve
this.
F
From
that
point
of
view,
and
one
of
the
challenges
is,
we
don't
really
still
have
a
single
definition
at
the
u.s
government
level,
right
we're
working
with
u.s
customs
department
of
homeland
security,
fda,
there's
a
number
of
people,
but
even
at
that
level
we
haven't
solved
it
yet
so
there's
there's
a
lot
of
movement
going
there
locally.
I
think
one
of
our
challenges
for
this
group
in
this
audience
is
just
defining
blockchain
right.
We
all
had
different
definitions
of
blockchain
but
locally.
F
It's
it's
even
a
wider
spread,
probably
in
terms
of
what
is
it,
and
how
do
we
do
that,
so
I
would
identify
people
whether
that's
a
local
congress
person
or
whatever
that
may
be
to
to
bring
that
up
to
get
those
things
up.
If
you
take
a
look
at
the
50
states,
there's
a
number
of
initiatives
that
are
working
their
way
through
legislation
right
now
that
are
either
already
there
for
wyoming
and
many
other
states
or
are
coming
up
to
there.
B
B
I've
always
been
excited
at
the
idea
of
seeing
what
coders
do
who
were
born
into
a
blockchain
world
to
a
degree.
You
know
us
adults,
you
know
we're
all
rushing
to
learn
this
with
quasi-hardwired
brains-
and
you
know,
even
the
most
open-minded
of
us
are-
are
still
learning
a
second
language.
Blockchain
natives
are
going
to
attack
these
problems
completely
differently
than
us
and
so
to
end
things
with
a
student
question.
B
A
Sorry
I
had
done
mute.
I
yeah
I
I
I
I
all
the
great
developers
that
I
know
have
been
largely
self-taught.
You
know,
even
if
they
took
classes
in
college,
even
if
they
you
know,
had
some
formal
training
they
they
approached
from
a
linguistics
point
of
view
or
from
a
you
know,
even
an
artistic
point
of
view,
but
a
lot
of
them
were
the
ones
who
you
know
saw.
E
E
You
know
your
fundamentals
right
right,
so
the
blockchain
is
just
just
like
you
know.
If
just
like
another,
you
know
platform
you're
learning
right,
but
but
if
you
have
the
fundamentals
right,
it's
very
easy
for
you
know
and
learn
something
new
and
we
hire
people
with
the
good
fundamentals.
We
don't
specifically
look
for
blockchain.
F
Oh,
I'm
incredibly
excited
I'm
incredibly
optimistic
about
it
again.
I
would
tell
you
the
world:
is
these
business
processes
you
don't
have
to
whether
you're
a
developer
or
a
business
student,
whatever
the
case
may
be?
If
you
can
understand
those
processes,
trust
me.
I
agree
with
the
creative
discussions
that
brian
and
others
just
had
you'll
figure
this
out
you're
going
to
find
a
way
to
do
it
better
more
efficiently,
using
blockchain
and
other
emerging
technologies,
and
I
can't
wait
to
see
how
you
do
that.
So
what
are
you
waiting
for?
Let's
go.