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Description
Building the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain for 2023 - Ben Taylor, LedgerDomain
UCLA and LedgerDomain were accepted as part of the DSCSA Pilot Project Program, which was launched by the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) enhance the safety and security of the drug supply chain. The pharmaceutical supply chain relies on paperwork and manual transcription from one system of record to another. Many medicines go out in bulk and are divided until the dispenser counts the patient’s drug into an amber bottle. The challenge for the 21st century is to reduce suspect or illegitimate product while ensuring patient data security.
The pilot project focused on the enhanced requirements for package-level tracing and notification that go into effect in 2023 to comply with the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA). It assessed system requirements for a successful implementation on a larger scale, including identifying, flagging, and preventing the distribution of suspect and illegitimate products.
At the heart of this effort was a last-mile mobile application that helps deliver lifesaving medications to babies at the famed Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. UCLA is one of the nation’s preeminent research and academic medical centers, currently ranked #7 best hospital in the US. UCLA Health dispenses across the spectrum of large medical centers as well as ~200 small clinical settings, with an annual spend over $250 million on commercial product.
During this talk, Ben Taylor will discuss the significance of blockchain to the pharmaceutical supply chain in the coming decade, and core outcomes from the FDA study. He will also discuss why Hyperledger is critical to enterprise-grade blockchain applications, and key challenges that the Hyperledger community faces in the areas of governance and orchestration.
----
Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use
Case Studies: https://www.hyperledger.org/learn/case-studies
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Learn about Hyperledger Membership: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/join
#Hyperledger #HyperledgerGlobalForum2020 #Blockchain
A
Hi
I'm
Ben
Taylor,
we'll
start
in
a
minute,
but
if
I
could
get
a
show
of
hands
how
many
people
here
are
primarily
interested
in
the
healthcare
angle?
Can
you
show
me
your
hand
and
how
many
are
more
interested
in
the
supply-chain
angle
and
you
show
your
hands
so
pretty
balanced
and
yeah?
That's
fine,
yeah
and
then,
in
terms
of
this,
has
been
logged
in
as
a
business
track
talk.
How
many
people
here
thought
they
were
going
to
a
business
track
talk
and
how
many
people
thought
they
were
going
to
a
technology
talk?
A
A
A
The
pharmaceutical
supply
chain
is
an
underperforming,
old-style
paper-based
supply
chain,
and
there
was
a
law
passed
about
10
years
ago
to
try
to
pull
it
kicking
and
screaming
into
a
more
modern
era,
and
initially
people
thought
that
they
might
do
that
with
advanced
new
technology
like
email
and
that
has
turned
out
not
to
really
meet
their
needs.
And
so
the
FDA
came
to
the
public
about
a
year
ago
and
asked
for
newer
approaches.
A
So,
as
we
said,
FDA
called
for
pilots
and
what
they
wanted
us
to
do
was
to
try
to
understand
to
what
extent
counterfeits
illegitimate
drugs
expired
drugs
we're
continuing
their
way
through
the
system,
all
the
way
to
the
patient
where
they
might
be
introduced
and
how
you
might
get
a
sense
for.
What's
going
on,
there
have
other
issues
in
the
supply
chain.
They
were
outside
the
scope
of
this
study,
that
included
drug
recall,
drug
shortages
and
a
variety
of
other
things
to
put
in
perspective.
How
many
of
you
are
treated
within
the
US
healthcare
system?
A
A
So
again,
it's
surprising
that
we
don't
talk
about
this.
There's
certain
topics:
I
want
it
to
surface
today
that
don't
get
talked
about
very
much
in
our
community
and
it's
a
mystery
to
me
why
we're
gonna
sit
through
another
presentation
on
zero
knowledge
proof
when
we
can
actually
talk
about
real
business
problems.
A
So
right
now
everybody
has
their
own
relational
database
and
there's
really
no
way
to
keep
people
from
spoofing
each
other
there,
man
in
the
middle
attacks
and
that's
why
some
people
this
last
year
went
to
pick
up
a
bottle
of
oxycontin
and
got
a
bottle
of
advil.
Instead,
someone
had
swapped
it
out
on
them
and
tricked
them
and
it
never
was
caught,
and
this
sort
of
stuff
goes
on
all
the
time.
So
this
is
the
law.
A
Dscs
a
is
called
drug
supply
chain,
Security
Act,
it's
a
new
federal
law
and
the
big
phrase
here:
interoperable
system
so
interoperable
system.
Many
of
us
in
this
room
would
read
that
is
blockchain
based
system.
It
doesn't
have
to
be,
but
clearly
that
old
Deathstar
model
of
my
relational
database,
your
relational
database
and
a
fax
machine
between
them
is
not
going
to
work
because
you
have
to
go
through
your
nine
hops
from
UCLA
all
the
way
back
to
Biogen
in
24
hours
and
people
aren't
picking
up
their
emails.
A
So
we've
got
three
years
to
get
it
to
interoperate
we're
supposed
to
be
working
today,
but
interoperation
is
three
years.
So
where
did
we
focus
as
we
talked
about?
This
is
obviously
UCLA's
Forte
from
the
technician
who's
getting
the
drug
into
the
pharmacy.
To
the
cart
to
the
practitioner
through
to
the
patient
and
I
want
to
scope
it
out,
for
you
have
any
of
you've
ever
been
to
pharmacy
in
a
large
Medical,
Center.
A
The
main
pharmacy
is
the
size
of
a
Costco
and
outside
is
a
whole
fleet
of
trucks,
waiting
to
drop
refrigerated
gear
and
so
under
DSC
si
they're
gonna
have
to
scan
the
barcode
on
every
one
of
these
deliveries
coming
in
and
every
dose
and
that's
what
it
looks
like.
So
this
is
spin
rasa.
This
is
a
star
of
our
show.
A
B
In
three
years,
under
the
drug
supply
chain,
Security
Act
the
US
pharmaceutical
supply
chain
will
be
brought
together
by
an
electronic
interoperable
system
to
identify
and
trace
prescription
drugs,
as
are
distributed
throughout
the
country
selected
by
the
FDA
for
the
DSCs.
A
pilot
project
program,
UCLA
health
and
legerdemain
joined
forces
to
create
Brewin
chain
a
block
chain
based
Ellucian
designed
to
track
and
trace
changes
in
drug
custody
performed
mandated.
B
Dsc,
shx
and
interoperate
with
trading
partner
branch
chain
was
tested
with
real
data
in
a
real-world
setting
at
one
of
the
busiest
hospitals
in
the
United
States
from
the
receiving
Bay
to
patient
administration,
caregiver
scan
the
drugs
a
unique
2d
barcode
using
the
Bruin
chain
mobile
app.
This
makes
it
possible
to
track
the
drug
through
the
pharmacy
at
the
stockroom
level,
with
every
transaction
logged
on
the
blockchain
during
its
journey,
the
drug
passes.
B
A
series
of
checks
until
it's
administered
to
the
patient
Bruin
chain
is
also
designed
for
exception,
handling
under
D
s,
CSA
and
gs1
requirements.
Each
barcode
contains
important
information
about
the
drug
when
caregivers
scan
the
barcode.
This
information
is
automatically
extracted.
New
barcodes
are
routed
to
a
trading
partner
for
verification
and
the
drug
is
held
back
from
being
administered
at
any
time.
The
prescriber
can
view
the
progress
of
the
drug
through
the
pharmacy
into
the
clinic.
B
The
trading
partner
can
either
verify
the
drug
or
indicate
that
there
is
a
problem
such
as
a
potential
counterfeit
trading
partners
can
be
provided
with
a
real-time
data
stream
on
where
their
drug
is
and
when
that
unit
has
been
dispensed
and
even
administered.
If
a
drug
is
found
to
be
suspect
at
any
point,
it
is
stickered
and
physically
quarantined.
B
If
human
review
reveals
a
high
risk
of
illegitimate
e
Bruin
provides
all
the
data
needed
to
notify
the
FDA
and
trading
partners
if
the
drug
is
verified
as
authentic
the
prescriber
gets
a
green
light
and
can
now
administer
with
confidence
beneath
the
surface.
Bruin
chain
passes
messages
and
tracks
changes
in
custody
between
six
different
roles.
B
Here's
a
quick
look
at
the
system
architecture,
including
the
docq
seal
framework
in
a
rack
ulis
notification
service
by
combining
block
chain
with
commercial
off-the-shelf
technology
Bruin
chain
makes
it
possible
to
track
and
verify
drugs
in
a
busy
hospital
or
neighborhood
pharmacy
with
Bruin
chain.
Doctors
and
pharmacists
have
a
powerful
new
tool,
helping
them
in
their
mission
to
get
the
right
drugs
to
the
people
who
need
them.
A
Okay,
so
one
of
the
things
I
want
to
talk
about
is
just
to
go
back
over
what
you
just
saw
and
think
about
some
of
the
things
that
hyper
ledger
fabric
does
out
of
the
box.
It's
really
we've
been
members
here
for
four
years
we've
been
building
since
the
O
six
release,
we're
not
on
2.0.
Yet
this
is
all
available
to
you
in
1.4,
but
it's
a
really
terrific
and
powerful
workflow
engine,
and
that's
really
where
the
value
is.
A
This
idea
that
you
know
it
seals
the
data
better
or
whatever,
that's
really
good
stuff,
but
in
real
life.
If
you're
trying
to
build
a
terrific
application,
the
excitement
is
really
in
the
flows
and
what
I
want
to
drag
your
attention
to
here
is
in
the
supply
chain.
World
you've
got
the
solid
arrows
where
you're
working
with
the
physical
flow
and
then
you've
got
those
lighter,
Brown
arrows
where
you've
got
a
data
flow
and
all
of
this
stuff
is
inside
of
our
system.
You
really
have
to
work
to
get
your
user
stories
right.
A
You
have
to
get
your
privileges
right.
You
have
to
get
your
roles
right.
All
this
stuff
was
all
inside
the
iPhone.
Everybody
got
a
different
look,
so
only
the
doctor
can
administer
the
drug.
Only
the
pharmacists
can
dispense
the
drug
right.
Everybody
knows
that.
But
again,
all
of
this
stuff
is
enforced
and
enhanced
with
the
hyper
ledger
framework.
It's
really
terrific
for
that,
and
so
we
had
six
different
actors
with
muscle
message
formats
and
remember
what
you're
looking
at
here.
A
A
happy
path
because
everything
is
existing
in
the
digital
world,
but
when
you
pull
in
the
real
world,
you
could
have
these
sad
path.
Things
crop
up
very
quickly
and
you've
got
to
be
able
to
manage
this
process
with
your
workflow.
How
do
you
do
that
and
you've
also
got
to
manage
the
workflow
in
the
real
world?
I
was
showing
this
to
my
friend
from
IBM.
Earlier
you
saw
the
flash,
but
these
quarantine
stickers.
A
So
what
did
we
learn
for
the
FDA
would
repair
the
barcode
scanning
with
an
iPhone?
Was
a
hundred
percent
effective
with
commercial
off-the-shelf
technology
that
hyper
ledger
fabric
based
system
was
able
to
track
everything
at
UCLA
to
the
refridgerator
level?
This
is
a
refrigerated
product.
We
ever
tell
them,
which
refrigerator
was
in
anywhere
on
campus.
A
That's
how
closely
they're
monitoring
this
stuff.
Dr.
Shay
would
rather
look
at
the
inventory
on
his
iPhone
than
look
in
the
refrigerator,
because
the
iPhone
will
tell
him
with
hyper
ledger.
Was
this
already
verified
by
Biogen?
Is
the
expiration
date?
Good
is
a
good
drug?
Is
it
ready
to
go
all
that
informations
right
at
his
fingertips?.
A
Now
people
talk
about
blockchain,
why
it's
important
blah
blah
blah?
Let's
come
back
to
what
it's
doing
in
supply
chain.
What
it's
really
doing
is
when
you
Fedder
eight
relational
databases,
all
you're
doing
is
lumping
together
a
bunch
of
things
that
don't
agree
with
the
blockchain
you're,
removing
the
double
counts
and
you're
filtering
out
the
bad
transactions
at
the
go.
A
That's
what
you're
really
doing
and
then
you're
driving
the
whole
supply
chain
into
a
real-time
collaboration
and
you're
enforcing
ground,
truth,
okay
and
then
what
we
do
is
we
robotic
aliy,
initiate
private,
escalating
notifications
and,
of
course
that
sets
the
stage
for
machine
learning
other
features
to
operate,
and
why
do
you
do
that?
Because
you're
able
to
know
that
you
got
a
single
version
of
the
truth
so
again
explicitly
defined
no
wasted
computation?
A
A
There's
a
lot
of
talk
today
about
governance.
We
feel
very
good
about
it,
but
you
have
to
make
sure
you're
making
it
work.
So,
in
terms
of
hyper
ledger
fabric,
we
use
the
components
and
orange
out
of
the
box
plain
vanilla.
One
dot
X
will
eventually
migrated
to
2.0,
but
I.
Don't
think
that
a
newbie
has
to
worry
about
migrating
to
2.0
for
another
two
years.
The
one
dot
X,
despite
some
of
the
things
that
you've
heard,
is
a
highly
performant
system
works.
A
A
What
I
don't
mention
here
is
offworld
credentials
again,
that's
another
thing
that
people
will
probably
start
making
more
use
of
in
hyper
ledger
fabric.
Today
most
of
us
are
logging
directly
into
the
system.
This
one
did
that
for
the
most
part,
but
of
course
you
can
use
tokens
and
other
approaches
to
use
offworld
credentials,
which
I
think
is
going
to
be
important.
So
again,
hyper
ledger
is
a
great
starting
point.
We
added
four
additional
components.
A
We
orchestrate
and
set
up
all
of
our
net
works
with
a
product
that
we
call
F
dot.
Then
we
have
an
app
server
that
runs
it
and
the
big
thing
that
we
add
that
basically
gives
us
what
I
would
call
a
layer.
2
functionality
is
docu,
seals
are
reusable
framework
for
secure
storage
offline,
and
then
we
use
a
rack
ulis
to
do
our
Oracle
work
to
check
things
off
the
chain
and,
as
I
said,
the
key
thing
there
is
once
you
get
the
data
dumped
on
to
private
collections,
which
again
we
use
in
this
instantiation.
A
A
A
So
that's
how
we
ran
it,
and
so
again
it's
a
trade-off
that
everybody
has
to
think
about.
We
talked
about
this
upstairs
earlier,
so
we're
probably
if
I
remember
correctly,
we're
using
four
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
lines
of
hyper
ledger
fabric
right
out
of
the
box.
It's
a
very
powerful,
very
performant
system.
You
can
do
great
stuff
with
it,
but
if
you're
gonna
do
something
with
a
lot
of
roles,
supply
chain,
real
world
validation,
exception
handling,
that's
probably
another
two
hundred
fifty
thousand
lines
of
code-
and
this
is
a
big
team
effort.
A
So
this
is
not
kid
stuff.
You
can
do
the
pilot,
but
if
you
want
to
write
an
iPhone,
app
and
Swift
have
some
designer
build
you
something
that
a
doctor
will
actually
use,
which
is
hard,
get
everything
to
work
on
the
inside
set
it
all
up,
I'm
thinking,
it's
probably
seven.
Eight
nine
person
team
crank
something
out
like
that,
not
because
it's
necessarily
that
huge,
but
it's
a
wide
range
of
skills
and
I,
think
that
in
the
community,
we're
not
always
super
forthcoming
about
this
stuff.
A
A
So
again,
summary
wrote
ahead.
For
us,
hyper
ledger
has
a
flexible
modular
design.
We
pick
and
choose
what
we
need.
It's
got
the
backing
of
great
industry
players,
a
very
healthy
developer,
community,
terrific
documentation
and
then
the
trick
as
we
talked
about.
Is
it's
really
hard
to
get
an
end-to-end
understanding
of
what
you
need
to
get
done,
build
all
that
stuff
and
get
it
all
working
together?
There's
a
lot
to
it
and
again
there
seems
to
be
still
some
issues
around
governance
and
orchestration,
and
why
is
that?
It's
very
hard.
A
We've
worked
in
a
lot
of
consortium
situations,
it's
very
hard
to
get.
We
had
21
fortune,
500
companies
and
one
of
our
consortium.
We
couldn't
get
them
to
sign
a
two-page
NDA.
So
it's
not
really
a
hyper
ledger
thing.
It's
a
community
thing.
It
takes
a
lot
of
oomph
to
make
these
things
work
and
something
like
a
highly
regulated
industry.
You
might
shy
away
from
normally
it
can
be
helpful.
So
that's
the
kind
of
storyline.
A
B
Actually
have
a
full
size
table
version
of
that
and
what
we
did
is
we
built
a
game
board
without
arrows
first
and
we
brought
it
into
UCLA
and
they
push
the
boxes
around
the
game
board
and
agree
that
that
was
how
they
did
it.
And
then
we
added
the
arrows
and
then
we
sent
the
game
board
to
our
developers
and
they
coded
for
that
and
we
tried
it
out
and
we
had
to
make
a
few
adjustments,
but
that's
exactly
how
they
typically
do
it.
So
it
comes
in
two
UCLA's
receiving
dock.
A
B
Operation
out
of
switzerland,
so
we
decided
that
we
didn't
really
feel
great
about
making
them
members
of
the
blood
team
instance,
and
so
our
team
developed
a
completely
new
and
proprietary
approach
to
build
an
oracle
into
our
system.
To
get
that
information
and
I
think
it
was
a
terrific
thing.
I
think
it
has
more
applicability,
but
again
I
wouldn't
want
to
say-
and
this
is
where
I
want
to
be
really
careful.
B
B
That's
done
the
same
thing.
We
compare
notes
with
them,
but
if
you
don't
need
that
level
of
performance,
there's
more
stuff
off
the
shelf,
you
can
use
that
has
more
of
a
job
at
flavor
to
it
right.
So
you
got
to
decide
kind
of
what's
right
for
you,
but
yeah.
That's
how
we
ended
up
solving
that
one
and
it'll
be
interesting
to
see
on
the
next
iteration
how
we'll
tackle
it.
B
We
believe
that
more
people
will
be
invited
to
enjoy
enjoy
the
blockchain
experience
over
time
in
these
communities
early
on
I'm,
not
so
sure
how
why
we
widely
we
were
gonna
roll
it
out.
You
know
in
your
heart
that
there's
a
lot
of
people
out
there
that
believe
everybody
should
be
on
every
blockchain,
but
that's
a
really
dead-on-arrival
concept
with
most
of
our
stakeholders-
I'm
good
with
it.
But
it's
not
a
popular
thing
in
the
fortune.
500.
B
B
B
Hundred
times
a
week,
Biogen
was
surprised
at
how
much
they
wanted
the
data
once
they
got
used
to
getting
it.
So
initially
we
only
sent
them
sort
of
the
failed
data,
but
they
clicked
quickly
realized
that
they
wanted
to
see
all
the
data
which
was
nice.
You
know
it
says
that
transparencies
and
thing
that
people
would
like
in
real
times
what
they
would
like.
B
From
an
enterprise
standpoint-
yes,
yes,
so
I
mean
inside
of
UCLA,
there's
a
whole
bunch
of
different
people,
but
they
all
roll
up
to
UCLA
same
thing
with
Biogen
we're
interacting
with
a
lot
of
people
at
Biogen.
But
it's
just
one
company,
obviously,
and
so
to
your
point.
You
know
next
with
our
next
goal
is
to
blow
it
out
to
all
200,000
sk
use
and
model
it
for
all
73,000
pharmacies
and
to
show
people
how
the
whole
product
would
scale.
B
A
B
B
Find
that
to
be
a
very
interesting
thing
to
solve,
so,
yes,
I
mean
there's,
everybody
has
to
do
all
of
this
stuff,
but
making
sure
that
Pfizer's
warehouse
has
Pfizer
product,
and
it
is
not
that
interesting
and
for
us,
you
know,
figuring
out
so
UCLA
supports
800
clinical
studies.
They
have
the
UC
system
which
works
together
is
a
billion
dollars
in
annual
drug
Buy,
and
it's
coming
in
from
all
sorts
of
places.
You'd
be
amazed
at
what
comes
in
there.
So
for
us
that
was
really.
The
ultimate
challenge
is
the
last
mile.
B
You
know
if
you
have
a
thermodynamics
background,
you
know
which
way
entropy
goes,
and
so
you
know
the
last
mile
is
really
where
you're
running
into
you
know
all
of
the
entropic
errors
and
problems
that
you
would
expect.
That's
what
we
thought
that
the
real
value
was,
but
you're
absolutely
right.
Eventually,
both
of
you
I
think
are
making
the
same
point.
You
want
to
encompass
the
entire
supply
chain.
B
I
think
that
there's
some
interest
on
the
part
of
players
like
IBM
and
others
to
go
all
the
way
back
to
the
api's
right,
I'm
searching
to
use
this
jargon
but
to
the
ingredients
right
back
in
China
or
wherever
people
are
thinking
about
that
with
coronavirus
like
where's
my
drug
coming
from,
and
so
you
want
to
sweep
all
the
way
through.
Then,
as
I
said,
you've
got
200,000
SK
used
to
track.
You've
got
73,000
pharmacies,
so
there's
a
lot
to
do
and
I
wouldn't
minimize
anybody's
effort,
but
that's
what
we
decided
to
tackle.
B
We
thought
it
was
the
most
interesting
and
I
think
that
the
FDA's
goal
now
is
to
try
to
figure
out.
You
know
what's
coming.
Our
hope
is
that
they'll
realize
that
a
lot
of
the
winning
projects
we're
on
hyper
ledger,
which
I
think
would
be
a
huge
win
for
our
community.
That
would
be
one
of
our
hopes
and
our
second
hope
would
that
they
would
recognize
that
it's
not
really.
B
Versus
email,
you
know
that's
what
we're
really
tackling
here,
and
so
people
are
always
saying
to
me:
Ben,
couldn't
you
solve
this
with
a
relational
database
and
I
say
you
mean
a
roach
motel
and
it's
like
no
and
it's
like
it's
not
really
the
same
thing
with
a
blockchain
system.
You
really
have
a
high
level
of
notifications
and
real-time.
B
B
B
B
The
US
FDA
is
guiding
a
soft
endorsement
towards
gs1,
so
I
think
everybody's
headed
in
that
direction
and
then,
in
terms
of
the
actual
issue
I'm
going
to
parse
your
question
two
ways.
So
every
saleable
drug
package
at
this
point
should
have
a
2d
barcode
and
it
should,
you
know,
likelihood
be
gs1
compliant
and
that's
what
we
saw.
B
Us
Europe
India
keep
going
yeah,
it's
India's
ahead
of
us
now,
I,
don't
I
can't
tell
you
how
there's
I've
heard
things
but
I
mean
I,
don't
know
if
they're
all
the
way
to
bright
in
terms
of
being
able
to
do
it.
But
India
is
a
couple
years
ahead
of
us.
Europe
is
probably
a
year
ahead
of
us,
so
there
is
an
issue
around
this
definition
of
saleable
unit,
though,
and
it's
no
big
deal
for
UCLA,
they
don't
really
care.
B
So
some
of
the
things
come
in
with
barcodes
I
mean
their
units
of
like
they
look
to
us
like
cases
of
24.
But
you
know
if
you're
a
UCLA,
you
buy
the
cases,
but
for
a
smaller
pharmacy
it's
a
little
bit
tricky.
You
wonder
if
they're
breaking
bulk
earlier
and
when
it
arrives
they're,
maybe
they're
not
getting
a
barcode
cleanly.
So
somebody
bar-coded
it
at
some
point.
But
then
it
gets
unwrapped
at
some
point
and
you
lose
it
and
even
at
UCLA
there's
an
issue.
There's
a
group
called
Jayco.
B
A
B
The
benchmark
ready
for
this
you're
sitting
down
benchmark
for
that
week
with
the
FDA
was
five
units
and
we
handily
exceeded
it.
The
doctor
informed
us
he's
very
dedicated
UCLA
as
a
group
incredibly
dedicated.
These
kids
are
all
dying
of
a
horrible
disease
and
he
wanted
them
to
have
a
good
Christmas,
so
he
brought
in
everyone
ahead
of
the
Christmas
break,
to
get
their
dose.
B
So
that's
a
great
question:
I!
Don't
believe
that
that
meta
question
has
been
settled
for
the
long
term
right.
So,
in
fact,
I
was
talking
to
the
IBM
guys
earlier
about.
You
know
how
they
thought
this
might
unfold,
and
you
know
it's
anyone's
guess.
Supposedly
the
US
government's
not
gonna
own
the
network,
it's
going
to
be
an
industry
supported
network,
whatever
that
means
and
I
haven't
seen
any
hard
data
I'm
originally
from
the
securities
industry,
and
we
had
a
lot
of
rules.
Five
year
rule
seven
year,
rule
custody
rule
blah
blah
blah.
B
It
was
all
kind
of
laid
out
here.
It's
not
as
clear
to
me
how
that's
gonna
work
out
over
time,
but
I
do
think
it'll
be
I,
think
the
steps
coming
it's
gonna
come
a
lot
faster
than
you
think,
but
for
UCLA
it's
more
about
today.
You
know
these
kids
are
dying,
they're,
keeping
everything
on
a
sheet
and
running
around,
and
we
came
in
the
first
day.
B
They'd
lost
three
doses:
four
hundred
thousand
dollars
down
the
tubes
and
they're
running
around
trying
to
figure
out
where
they
are
because
the
refrigerator
had
broken
overnight
and
they
had
to
get
moved.
So
those
are
the
kinds
of
things
where
you
know
it's
a
it's
tricky
today
to
manage
a
pharmacy
of
that
size
and
everything's
done
today,
as
you
can
imagine,
not
even
at
the
lot
level.
Just
you
know
rough
inventory,
so
this
will
really
be
terrific,
for
them
be
terrific
for
the
patients,
that's
where
the
value
is
immediately,
but
yes,
auditability.