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From YouTube: Hyperledger Member Webinar: Blockchain and Drug Supply Assurance in the Coronavirus Era
Description
With the rise of COVID-19, need for real-time drug supply chain assurance has never been more pressing. While healthcare leaders and front-line workers rally together and fight this disease, we believe that a blockchain-based solution capable of tracking therapeutics, test kits, vaccines, and ventilators is necessary to accelerate their efforts to protect the public.
As part of a peer-reviewed study commissioned by the US FDA and published in Blockchain in Healthcare Today, a Hyperledger Member LedgerDomain and UCLA Health joined forces to deploy and test BRUINchain, a last-mile blockchain-driven solution used by real caregivers to help deliver lifesaving medications. The study is among the first of its kind to reveal exactly how blockchain could save pharmacies billions of dollars in labor and safety stock costs alone.
Along with several key takeaways on the use of commercial off-the-shelf technology in a busy pharmacy, this study and ongoing research point to ways that blockchain can help bring a new level of stability and security to the health landscape.
Slides are available here: https://www.hyperledger.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/LedgerDomain-Hyperledger-July-2020-Webinar.pdf
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Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
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#Hyperledger #Blockchain
A
Marta,
thank
you
very
much
and
welcome
members.
We
too
are
a
member.
We've
been
a
member
of
hyper
ledger
now
for
almost
four
years
and
having
been
there
since
the
very
beginning,
it's
exciting
to
see
the
growth
and
the
vibrancy
I
was
on
brian
behlendorf
asked
me
anything
earlier
this
week
and
I
was
very
excited
to
learn
that
they're
now
targeting
hyper
ledger
fabric
2.1
as
a
stable
release.
A
So
if
we
can
go
forward,
as
Marta
said,
feel
free
to
ask
questions
in
the
Q&A
box
and
I've
got
Alex
cold
and
also
from
legerdemain
here
to
help
me
answer
these
questions.
So
let
no
further
ado,
let's
jump
in
and
see
if
we
can
get
through
this
I'm
gonna
move
relatively
quickly,
but
you
can
always
come
back
and
ask
questions
if
I
was
less
than
clear.
Thank
you.
A
So
this
is
the
ledger
domain
team.
As
we
said,
we're
members
of
the
Linux
Foundation
a
hyper
ledger
project
and
in
particular
we
have
a
focus
on
regulated
industries
and
healthcare
and
gs1
is
an
important
standard-setting
body
in
that
area.
The
regulator
for
most
of
healthcare
in
the
u.s.
is
the
FDA
and
there's
similar
regulatory
bodies
all
over
the
world
that
we
have
to
adhere
to
and
I
think.
A
One
of
the
big
things
that
we
want
to
mention
on
the
team
side
is
that
obviously
it
takes
a
complete
group
to
build
a
really
great
hyper
ledger
application.
It's
not
just
a
blockchain
story.
I
think
people
will
get
really
wrapped
up
in
blockchain,
I
think
which
is
appropriate.
It
is
great,
but
at
the
same
time
you
know
we're
using
many
many
relational
technologies.
Many
many
other
technologies
to
deliver.
The
complete
stack
and
I
think
that
you
have
to
have
a
very
deep
and
rich
group
to.
In
order
to
do
that.
A
On
the
pharmaceutical
side,
you
can
cut
it
up
a
couple
of
different
ways:
there's
more
traditional
therapeutics
that
are
like
pills
and
then
there's
devices
and
that's
a
common
break
and
then
separately,
there's
those
that
are
being
readied
and
tested
for
the
market.
Those
would
be
what's
called
clinical
studies
or
a
clinical
supply
and
then
there's
the
commercialized
products
and
we
work
on
all
of
the
above
and
so
as
an
example.
This
is
a
project
that
we
did
with
the
clinical
supply
block
chain
working
group.
A
We
worked
with
Pfizer
IQ
via
UPS
Merck,
UCLA,
health,
GSK,
thermo,
Fisher,
Biogen,
and
all
of
us
together,
worked
on
the
clinical
supply
chain,
and
the
idea
that
they
have
here
is
that
the
number
of
studies
has
dramatically
increased
over
the
years
and
one
of
the
things
to
know
about
healthcare
that
makes
it
a
little
bit
different
from
other
businesses.
Is
it's
highly
fragmented?
A
So,
even
though
Pfizer
is
one
of
the
very
biggest
companies,
they
may
only
have
6%
of
the
business
globally
and
even
though
Pfizer
is
a
very
important
company,
if
you
were
at
UCLA,
you'd
be
doing
700
studies
and
maybe
30
of
them
would
be
Pfizer
studies.
And
so
the
idea
is
that
it's
a
very
collaborative
world,
the
healthcare
world,
even
though
its
competitive
and
the
idea
is
to
try
to
deliver
on
a
collaborative
environment
and
obviously
blockchain
with
its
privacy.
Preserving
elements
is
a
great
way
to
do
that
and
we
engendered
a
lot
of
trust.
A
A
The
focus
today
is
on
a
more
recent
project
called
brew
and
chain
and
brew
and
chain
was
a
project
that
we
did
with
UCLA
and
Biogen,
where
we
did
a
pilot
for
the
US
government.
The
US
FDA
is
trying
to
generate
ideas
for
an
interoperable
system
that
will
track
all
the
drugs
in
the
u.s.
within
three
years.
This
is
an
ongoing
project.
It's
been
going
on
for
seven
years
already,
and
it's
been
in
the
works
since
probably
for
15
years,
and
so
what
we
did
was
we
offered
up
a
blockchain
based
product.
A
A
Ours
was
one
of
the
few
that
was
actually
tested
live,
but
again
there
was
a
lot
of
interest
and
then
we
all
showed
our
results
to
FDA
and
they're
going
to
be
issuing
a
report
on
that
to
Congress
in
the
u.s.
here
and
they're,
going
to
be
hosting
a
public
meeting
for
everybody
to
see
so
essentially
we're
all
in
the
mix.
A
Here
we
were
not
the
only
hyper
ledger
fabric
project
IBM,
who
you
may
know,
was
also
on
hyper
ledger
fabric
and
the
partners
included
Walmart,
which,
as
you
know,
is
on
the
hyper
ledger
board
Merck
our
Biogen
UCLA,
who
is
also
a
hyper
ledger
member.
So
a
really
good
representation
and
I
would
say
that
it's
a
big
win
for
the
hyper
ledger
community
and
we're
really
in
the
mix
here.
A
So
what
is
the
challenge
that
we're
talking
about
today?
There's
no
shared
global
database,
and
so
you
really
don't
know
how
many
fakes
there
are
out
there.
Everybody
says
the
same
thing
that
when
they
study
this
there's
so
many
fakes
in
other
countries,
so
European
people
will
say
there's
so
many
fakes
in
Africa
and
American
people
will
say
there's
so
many
fakes
in
Europe.
Everyone
wants
to
believe
that
supply
chain
is
a
little
bit
better,
but
we're
all
worried
that,
in
fact,
there
are
a
lot
of
fake
drugs.
A
The
drug
we
studied
spin
rasa
is
a
hundred
thousand
dollars
a
dose,
the
little
tiny
vial
one
hundred
and
twenty
five
thousand
dollars
and
to
the
untrained
eye.
It
looks
like
water,
and
so
how
do
you
know
that
it's
real
and
so
criminals
are
able
to
spoof
do
man
in
the
middle
and
this
patchwork
of
these
different
databases
means
nobody
really
knows
for
sure
where
their
drug
came
from
and
where
it
went.
A
A
So
this
is
the
timing,
so
you
can
see
that
it's
been
a
slow
burn
every
year
another
group
has
to
be
bar-coded.
Another
group
has
to
prove
out
that
they're
following
things
and
we're
all
targeting
this
year
and
2023
to
have
everything
completely
ready
at
this
point.
Everyone
is
supposed
to
be
doing
the
right
thing
inside
their
four
walls.
A
What
do
we
mean
by
that
verification
is
when
you
confirm
that
the
drug
is
really
a
real
drug,
presumably
with
the
manufacturer
or
somebody
they've
designated.
The
other
checks
would
include,
you
know,
is
it
expired?
Is
it
a
legitimate
bar
code?
Is
it
match
the
drug
that
it
looks
like?
All
of
those
sorts
of
things
are
very
important.
A
The
other
thing
is
to
flag
any
double
counts.
The
double
counts,
in
our
mind,
are
specifically
focused
on
counterfeits.
The
presumption
is
that
a
counterfeit
er
is
going
to
just
make
a
knockoff
or
a
duplicate
of
an
existing
drug,
but
if
you've
already
got
it
in
the
system,
you've
got
to
block
the
second
one
or
the
third
one
or
the
fifth
one.
The
trick
for
us
in
hyper
ledger
land
is
the
following.
If
you
think
about
a
Bitcoin
model,
Bitcoin
is
a
fully
digital
system.
A
All
that
matters
is
that
hyper
ledger
fabric
or
sawtooth
or
whatever,
is
doing
what
it's
supposed
to
do.
In
the
case
of
the
supply
chain,
I
want
to
be
crystal
clear
on
this
point.
The
real
world
is
always
correct
and
it
always
will
be
correct.
The
digital
representation
must
be
able
to
be
adjusted
so
that
it
truths
up,
and
so
obviously,
you're
gonna
have
to
think
for
a
moment
about
how
that's
gonna
work.
A
We've
done
this
so
that
we
can
provide
real-time
inventory
and
quarantine
at
the
refrigerator
level
at
UCLA,
but
we
can
also
help
them
address
any
challenges
that
they've
got
because,
of
course,
if
there's
a
counterfeit
product
digitally
it
wants
to
believe
it's
a
real
product
or
we
know
you've
got
to
decide
which
is
which
and
what
you're
gonna
do
about
it.
We
mentioned
this
escalation
to
thirty
nine
eleven.
If
we
believe
something
really
bad
has
happened,
and
it's
just
not
a
mistake.
A
It's
got
to
be
reported
to
the
FDA
and
the
other
stakeholders
through
this
form.
Thirty
nine
eleven.
So
let's
talk
a
little
bit
first
data
science
is
always
super
important
library.
Science
is
always
super
important.
Blockchain
is
a
transaction
system.
Hyper
ledger
fabric
is
a
transaction
system.
What
are
you
transacting,
and
so
in
this
case,
for
our
pilot?
C
Caregiver
scan
the
drugs
unique
2d
barcode
using
the
Bruin
chain,
the,
while
this
makes
it
possible
to
track
the
drug
through
the
pharmacy
at
the
stockroom
level,
with
every
transaction
logged
on
the
blockchain
during
its
journey,
the
drug
passes
a
series
of
checks
until
it's
administered
to
the
patient.
Bruin
Chen
is
also
designed
for
exception
handling
under
DSC
to
say
and
the
gs1
requirements.
Each
bar
code
contains
important
information
about
the
drug
when
caregivers
scan
the
barcode.
This
information
is
automatically
extracted.
C
New
barcodes
are
routed
to
a
trading
partner
for
verification
and
the
drug
is
held
back
from
being
administered
at
any
time.
The
prescriber
can
view
the
progress
of
the
drug
through
the
pharmacy
into
the
clinic.
The
trading
partner
can
either
verify
the
drug
or
indicate
that
there
is
a
problem
such
as
a
potential
counterfeit
trading
partners
can
be
provided
with
a
real-time
data
stream
on
where
their
drug
is
when
that
unit
has
been
dispensed
and
even
administered.
If
a
drug
is
found
to
be
suspect
at
any
point,
it
is
stickered
and
physically
quarantined.
C
If
human
review
reveals
a
high
risk
of
legitimacy,
Bruin
chain
provides
all
the
data
needed
to
notify
the
FDA
and
trading
partners.
If
the
drug
is
verified
as
authentic.
The
prescriber
gets
a
green
light
and
can
now
administer
with
confidence
beneath
the
surface.
Bruin
chain
passes
messages
and
tracks
changes
in
custody
between
six
different
roles
by
combining
blockchain
with
commercial
off-the-shelf
technology.
A
Before
we
go
forward,
I
just
wanted
to
recognize
the
UCLA
team.
They
were
really
really
amazing.
That
was
dr.
Paresh
a
at
the
very
end
using
the
iPhone
that
was
connected
to
the
Bruin
chain
backend,
and
that
was
Jess
and
will
the
head
pharmacist
and
the
head
of
procurement
for
the
pharmacy.
He
on
the
front
end,
and
really
you
know
when
you're
mapping
out
these
processes.
A
You
really
really
need
to
have
an
expert
who
knows
every
angle,
every
corner
case
to
help
you
through
this
stuff
and
figure
out
how
you're
gonna
model
all
of
these
things.
And
what
are
we
modeling?
Really,
let's
talk
about
what
we're
doing
here,
you
take
the
basic
block
chain,
you
put
the
supply
chain
angle
on
it,
and
then
you
vascularized
it
with
deep
learning
and
notifications
so
that
you
can
do
the
whole
package.
What
does
that
include?
In
our
case,
all
the
inputs
are
coming
through
the
barcodes
we've
got
to
connect
to
legacy
systems.
A
In
this
case,
that's
the
Biogen
trace
link
system
that
keeps
track
of
all
the
individual
barcodes
for
verification.
On
their
end,
all
the
data
has
to
be
countable,
meaning
we're
gonna
show
a
inventory
to
UCLA,
and
so
we
have
to
be
able
to
count
up
the
barcodes
just
to
be
clear.
You
know,
you'll
get
some
people
get
very
excited
about
zero
knowledge,
proof
or
something
else.
You'll
find
that
many
blockchain
formats
are
not
amenable
to
counting
hyper
ledger
fabric
in
its
base.
A
Form
is
that's
a
differentiator
for
the
positive,
but
if
you
use
certain
fancier
techniques,
you
can
end
up
washing
that
out
again.
The
big
thing
is
to
block
and
remedy
bad
transactions
and
flag
out
of
spec
aggregates.
What
do
we
mean
by
that?
Essentially,
if
you
get
a
bunch
of
expired
drugs,
it
tells
you
that
you've
got
a
freshness
problem
in
your
supply
chain.
You
want
to
cluster
those
expired
drugs.
Of
course,
you're
always
gonna
get
the
occasional
one
that
you
need
to
block.
A
Also,
if
you
aggregate-
and
you
count
all
the
drugs,
you
should
be
able
to
get
a
sense
of
whether
there's
a
shortage
or
not,
and
then
again,
if
you're
clustering,
the
kinds
of
problems
that
you
have,
you
then
absorb
an
again.
The
first
problem
is
not
always
the
big
problem,
but
the
second
one,
it's
sort
of
like
a
cockroach.
A
If
you've
got
one
or
two,
you
know
you've
probably
got
a
lot,
and
so
the
idea
is
to
raise
these
issues
to
the
risk
management
plane
and
get
a
sense
for
what's
going
on
and
we
use
machine
learning
robots
to
help
us
with
that,
and
the
biggest
issue
is
what
we
call
multifaceted,
client
perspectives
and
we'll
talk
about
that.
A
little
bit
more
in
a
minute.
A
A
A
We
were
running
on
AWS
and
in
our
white
paper
we
you
can
find
out
a
little
bit
more
about
everything
else
that
we
built-in.
So
what
is
going
on
with
hyper
ledger?
Obviously
we
got
the
flexor
flexible,
modular
design.
That's
legit!
It's
not
really
that
it's
just
modular,
but
you
can
actually
use
the
components
that
you
want
and
because
it's
open-source
you
can
tweak
the
ones
that
you
need
to
tweak.
It's
got
the
backing
of
major
industry
players.
Obviously,
iBM
has
been
huge
in
hyper
ledger
fabric.
A
Obviously
Intel's
been
a
big
hyper
ledger
supporter
over
time.
Clearly,
we've
got
a
healthy
developer
community,
always
looking
to
get
healthier
great
documentation,
and
the
problem,
however,
is,
as
I
said
at
the
beginning,
to
develop
an
end-to-end
understanding.
You
need
a
couple
guys
who
are
really
all
over
hyper
ledger
fabric.
You
need
people
who
can
help
you
put
all
of
the
other
outboard
apps
on
there.
The
smart
contracts
are
a
matter
of
a
lot
of
interest.
A
I,
don't
know
that
that's
the
hardest
part
by
any
stretch,
but
you've
got
to
make
sure
the
data
science
matches
up
for
hyper
ledger
in
general
and
for
the
blockchain
community,
even
more
in
general.
Obviously,
there's
still
a
lot
of
issues
around
governance
and
orchestration,
who
gets
to
update
a
smart
contract
who
gets
to
add
a
member.
These
things
are
all
arranged
pretty
well
within
hyper
ledger.
We've
added
some
other
features
ourselves,
but
it's
also
getting
all
the
people
to
agree.
A
So
what
are
we
doing
here?
As
we
said,
hyper
ledger
is
an
outstanding
starting
point
for
enterprise
communities.
We
had
four
additional
components
that
we've
built
the
fabric,
DevOps
toolkit
to
sort
of
spin
it
up
the
SDK,
so
we
have
an
intermediate
client.
That's
talking
to
the
ultimate
client.
The
the
docq
seal
is
the
actual
client
framework
that
we
use
and
that's
also
who's
talking
to
the
hyper
ledger
private
collections,
and
then
we
use
our
oculus
for
interoperating
between
the
blockchain
and
the
outside
world.
That's
our
machine-to-machine
connection,
and
so
what
we've
done?
A
In
addition,
everybody's
got
their
own
choices.
So
what
we
did
was
we
strictly
write
the
server-side,
a
hundred
percent
in
golang
and
we'll
use
that
SDK
to
t
be
able
us
to
deliver
a
multi-threaded
experience
and
again
we're
not
a
heavy
channels.
User
were
a
heavy
private
collections
user.
So
that's
what
it
looks
like
again.
The
orange
is
the
standard
out
of
the
box
hyper
ledger.
The
blue
are
the
additional
things
that
we've
added
to
make
it
work
a
little
bit
better
for
us
and
to
meet
our
goals.
A
Obviously,
we
target
highly
regulated
industries
where
the
privacy-preserving
elements
are
critical,
not
just
at
the
member
level
but
at
the
transaction
level,
and
then
we
have
our
application,
specific
architecture
that
sits.
On
top
of
that
we
are
very
I
phone
oriented.
Certainly
in
our
initial
steps
and
in
our
pilots,
we
try
to
push
the
iPhone
there's.
Nothing
special
with
respect
to
the
iPhone
in
terms
of
hyper
ledger
and
I.
A
Don't
believe
that
Apple
has
a
particular
role
to
play
today
in
hyper,
ledger:
I'm,
surely
we'd
love
to
get
them
more
involved,
but
for
us
it
provides
a
nice
end-to-end
security
model
that
our
customers
can
more
easily
work
with.
Obviously,
your
blockchain
fans
are
gonna
be
excited
to
see
something
that
looks
like
a
blockchain.
Most
of
our
users
are
looking
for
a
consumer
e-type
app
that
they
feel
comfortable
with
out
of
the
box.
A
So
what
were
our
learnings
and
outcomes?
The
barcode
scanning
on
the
iPhone
was
a
hundred
percent
effective.
The
refridgerator
level
inventory
was
available
for
every
drug,
so
you
knew
exactly
which
refrigerator
when,
in
this
huge
pharmacy
that
everything
was
in,
we
were
able
to
track
expiration
dates,
verify
the
barcodes
and
inspect
for
signals
of
physical
problems
and
we've
been
verified
with
the
manufacturer
Biogen
and
we
automatically
flag,
double
counts
and
suspect
transactions.
And
then
the
big
thing
is.
A
We
notified
the
colleagues
about
all
of
this
going
on,
and
you
can
look
this
up
in
blockchain
and
healthcare
today.
I'll
give
them
a
little
plug
here.
They
are
an
outstanding
Journal.
It's
peer
reviewed.
They
gave
us
a
bit
of
a
hard
time
on
every
point,
but
you
know
that
what
you're
seeing
there
has
been
very
carefully
embedded
and
that's
one
of
the
ways
that
I
think
you
can
demonstrate
to
your
customers
and
prospects
that
you're
really
serious
about
delivering
something
of
quality
on
the
right-hand
side.
A
We'll
talk
about
another
way
that
we
did,
that
a
live
demo
with
I
think
close
to
a
hundred
people
in
our
industry,
and
we
actually
ran
the
system
in
real
time
with
Splunk
Splunk.
Another
hyper
ledger
a
community
member.
That's
a
tremendous
friend
and
what
Splunk
enabled
us
to
do
in
real
time
is
to
show
how
fast
everything
was
running
so
obviously
for
the
drug
industry
in
the
u.s.
we're
talking
about
five
billion
transactions
a
year
and
that's
about
a
billion
and
a
half
what
we
call
saleable
units
in
America.
A
This
is
not
true
in
other
countries
as
much.
We
still
take
big
bottles
at
the
pharmacy
and
break
them
down
to
little
bottles.
The
big
bottle
has
the
barcode
on
it,
and
so
you
don't
end
up
with
quite
as
many
transactions
to
count
about
a
billion
and
a
half,
that's
about
five
million
a
day
or
eighty-seven
a
second,
but
that's
just
at
the
retail
level.
Obviously
each
drug
goes
through
a
couple
of
hops,
starting
with
the
manufacturer
to
the
wholesaler.
A
So
what
we
were
targeting
was
about
two
hundred
and
fifty
per
second
now
you're
gonna
hear
people
say
again
and
again
and
again
to
you
that
blockchain
is
slow,
bitcoin
is
slow.
Hyper
ledger
can
be
slow
by
going
to
multi-threaded
by
making
sure
that
we
kept
the
extra
stuff
off
the
blockchain,
we're
hitting
340
transactions
per
second
here
we
show
it
at
329.
A
For
us
we
cut
that
in
half,
because
we
actually
have
two
blockchain
transactions
for
every
pharmacy
transaction
and
I
want
to
be
clear
about
that.
As
you
add
abstractions
on
the
blockchain
and
you're
writing
back
and
forth.
Again
and
again,
you
end
up
bogging
yourself
down.
We
actually
have
12
different
layers
of
abstraction
in
our
application,
but
what
we've
done
is
to
pull
as
many
as
we
could
off
the
blockchain.
A
We
really
only
need
that
one
right
to
the
blockchain
in
order
to
make
it
all
work
together,
and
so
the
idea,
then,
is
we're
down
to
two
blockchain
transactions
for
every
pharmacy
transaction.
In
other
words,
a
pharmacist
would
see
this
as
a
completed
transaction.
We
had
to
check
the
blockchain
twice
on
the
left-hand
side.
What
we've
done
in
the
meantime,
if
you
remember
the
test,
was
just
spin
Raza.
A
It
was
just
one
drug
we've
now
expanded
that
to
100,000
different
drugs,
two
hundred
thousand
different
packages-
you
can
see
I'm
the
jiff
there
that
we
pull
from
the
barcode
all
the
information
that
you
need,
plus
the
Med
guide
and,
in
addition,
we
check
a
master
database
that
we
built
for
expiration
extension.
Some
drugs
during
Kovan
will
get
an
extra
six
months
and
any
recalls
and
then
an
updated
package
insert.
So
if
they've
added
something
to
the
Med
guide,
we
get
the
new
one
overnight.
So
these
are
our
building
blocks.
A
Content
wise
that
we
need
for
flagging
and
for
3911.
So
what
would
this
look
like?
If
you
were
to
build
it
out?
We
did
it
at
UCLA
and
Biogen.
So
that's
you
could
say
you
know
one
purple,
one
and
one
dispenser.
What
would
the
entire
network
look
like?
This
is
what
it
would
look
like
in
our
minds.
Each
of
the
big
wholesalers
would
have
their
own
org.
A
The
manufacturers
would
not
have
to
be
blockchain
participants
because
we
can
just
fish
out
each
of
their
barcodes
individually.
Obviously,
we
need
a
master
certificate
authority
and
an
order
to
make
everything
run,
and
then
each
org
obviously
has
its
own
peers,
its
own
private
data
and
its
own
CA
for
its
members.
Okay,
so
that's
just
fair
amount
of
complexity.
I
see
a
question
on
the
line.
A
I'm
gonna,
answer
that
one
and
say
that
way:
we
do
it.
We
have
our
chief
software
architect
who
thinks
about
these
bigger
picture
issues
and
how
they're
gonna
work
together.
We
have
our
key
machine
learning
and
docu
Co
frameworks
lead,
who
manages
all
of
the
thinking
run
there,
and
then
we
have
a
DevOps
guy
who
actually
keeps
everything
up
and
running
in
real
time.
And
so
yes,
it's
an
implementation
detail
to
figure
out
how
many
orange
you
need
how
you
set
them
up.
A
How
the
memberships
are
done,
then
there's
a
whole
effort
around
making
sure
that
each
of
the
individual
users
types
is
supported.
So
in
our
case
you
remember,
we
had
a
doctor,
we
had
a
pharmacist,
we
had
a
technician,
all
of
those
people
had
their
own
role
to
play
and
they
got
different
screens
and
then
we
had
a
manager
who
had
to
resolve
any
problems.
A
All
right,
so,
let's
talk
about
COBIT
for
a
minute.
Cobit
is
really
laying
bare
how
the
supply
chain
is
struggling.
It's
been
struggling
for
years,
it's
been
held
together
with
tape
and
and
and
and
post-it
notes,
and
so
this
helps
us
focus
on
that.
In
addition,
there's
more
and
more
drug,
that's
gonna
have
to
go
direct
to
patient
in
certain
situations
and
so
I
think
it's
going
to
be
a
really
challenging
environment.
A
I
was
already
going
to
call
this
morning
about
identity,
and
so
I
would
say
that
we're
seeing
a
tremendous
move
in
this
direction,
there's
also
some
individual
effort
by
individual
pharma
companies.
I
can't
talk
about
all
of
these
things,
as
I
mentioned
earlier,
the
FDA
is
quite
serious
about
maintaining
privacy
and
confidentiality
of
participation.
A
A
The
FDA
had
their
FDA
modernization
plan
yesterday
that
they
reviewed
with
the
public
I
was
on
that
call,
and
they
were
quite
open
about
their
support.
I
thought
you
can
judge
for
yourself
and
individual
farmers,
I
would
say,
are
obviously
looking
to
find
ways
to
meet
that
a
regulatory
burden
and
we'll
just
have
to
see
how
it
goes.
But,
yes,
we
have
a
very
active
ongoing
dialogue.
A
So,
ultimately,
where
are
we
taking
all
of
this
chain
code
portability?
Blockchain
Federation
people
are
looking
to
integrate
the
data
and
integrate
various
different
block
chains,
we're
looking
for
more
robust
models
and
standards
for
organizations
more
permissions,
more
roles,
I
think
hyper
Ledger's.
One
of
our
real
advantages
is
we
have
very
nice
role
based
access,
I,
think
that's
terrific.
It
has
served
us
very
well
and
I'd
encourage
you
to
take
a
look
at
it
and
then,
of
course,
more
analytics
on
chain
data.
You
saw
us
use
Splunk,
we
think
Splunk
is
terrific.
A
You
can
see
on
the
sponge
blog
that
we've
got
exactly
how
we
used
it.
One
of
the
things
I
would
say
is
that
we
use
flow
Splunk
as
a
full-stack
approach,
meaning
you
know
it's
not
just
transaction
speed.
We
use
it
for
debugging.
That
kind
of
thing.
Obviously
we're
gonna
keep
upgrading
the
next
to
the
next
generation
crypto
models,
and
we
need
to
do
a
better
job
with
integrating
with
enterprise
systems
like
ERP
and
mes
so
notionally.
A
So
another
question
on
the
line
about:
how
do
we
maintain
the
privacy,
as
I
mentioned,
we're
heavy
users
of
private
collection
so
that
each
of
the
organizations
that
transacting
is
keeping
their
transaction
information
in
private
storage
and
we're
only
hashing
to
the
blockchain?
And
then
we
also
have
the
role
based
access,
because
there's
a
lot
of
privacy
needs
inside
of
organizations
as
well.
We
are
not
big
users
of
channels.
We
think
channels
are
great
when
you
have
participants
that
are
doing
unique
things
with
one
another,
as
opposed
to
unique
transact.
A
So
you
know,
essentially,
if
you
think
about
something
basic
like
payment
terms,
and
you
say
you
wanted
to
capture
payment
terms.
Presumably
in
the
industry,
that's
important,
everybody
has
payment
terms.
You
know.
Channels
are
great
when
somebody
has
something
that
they
track
or
something
that
they
do.
That's
completely
separate
that
they
just
do
with
one
other
person
question
from
mr.
Simpson
on
the
line.
A
Do
we
believe
that
the
end-to-end
process
for
drug
supply
is
similar
to
other
industry
supply
chains
like
food
supply?
And
are
there
lessons
learned?
Yes,
there
are
our
friends
at
IBM:
have
a
food
supply
chain.
They
tried
to
move
that
model,
the
use
the
food
supply
chain,
which
they
call
food
trust
over
to
the
drug
side.
They've
reported
to
us
that
it's
not
so
easy.
A
We've
never
tried
that
we
have
built
a
lot
of
individual
components
that
would
be
easy
to
repurpose
I
think
the
biggest
challenge
is
really
the
data
model
and
each
industry
has
its
own
data
model.
Its
own
practices
I
think
there's
a
lot
to
learn
there,
the
biggest
one
being
this
idea
that
you
really
have
to
understand
the
difference
between
a
data
transaction
and
a
real
transaction.
You
have
to
handle
it
differently
and
you
have
to
have
exception
handling,
that's
really
core.
A
So
in
our
case,
for
instance,
if
you
think
about
a
standard
supply
chain,
if
alex
is
the
morning
warehouseman
and
I'm
the
afternoon
warehouseman,
if
alex
takes
in
a
new
bottle
of
drugs
and
in
the
afternoon
I
release
it
to
a
pharmacist,
we
know
that
the
warehouse
was
plus
one.
It
was
minus
one,
so
there's
no
net
change
in
all
blockchain
systems.
Out
of
the
box.
Alex's
wallet
is
plus
one
and
minus
minus
one
that
doesn't
make
any
sense
in
the
sub
by
chain
world
it
has.
A
A
A
Our
job
is
to
deliver
products
and
services
that
our
customers
want.
Personally,
nothing
would
make
me
prouder
than
if
we
were
able
to
extend
the
ability
to
check
drugs
all
the
way
to
the
consumer,
but
the
law
in
this
case
only
requires
that
it
goes
to
the
pharmacist,
and
so
we
have
shared
with
FDA
we've
shared
with
our
customers.
That
would
they
could
offer
this
all
the
way
down
to
their
individual
customers.
It's
something
we
would
love
to
see.
But
again,
the
biggest
thing
for
us
is
to
is
to
deliver
on
what
our
customers
need.
A
B
A
A
To
put
an
asset
on
the
blockchain
and
and
a
countervailing
10
cent
paid
out
for
anybody
to
take
assets
off
the
blockchain,
so
in
other
words,
if
you
retire
an
asset,
you
get
some
money
and
if
you
put
up
an
asset,
you
take
some
down
I,
don't
know
if
I
would
call
that
a
token,
because
I
think
we're
just
talking
about
regular
to
US
dollars,
but
we
could
always
arrange
it
in
a
token
site.
You
know
it
can
be
implemented
in
a
token
style
model
with
a
fab
token,
or
something
like
that.
A
But
again
those
are
very
much
customer
decisions.
I
see
a
question
on
the
line.
How
could
this
be
implemented
in
low
and
middle
income
countries
where
the
supply
chains
not
really
documented?
This
is
really
important.
There's
a
perception
that
certain
countries
are
so
advanced
and
other
countries
are
not
and
I
would
tell
you
that
I,
don't
think.
That's
true
anymore.
A
You
know
essentially,
there's
people
with
iPhones
or
Android
phones
and
there's
billions
of
those
people,
and
so,
if
you
looked
at
our
system,
you
would
see
that
we're
running
on
AWS,
which
you
can
get
almost
anywhere
you.
We
ran,
we
can
run
all
of
this
for
the
whole
us
on
three
or
four
servers,
and
then
everyone
else
could
be
on
a
phone
and
nowadays,
I.
Think
of
every
country
has
phones
and
that's
that's
our
whole
thing.
A
Many
more
of
these
traditional
industries
are
worried
about
abuse,
and
so
they
actually
want
to
identify
people
who
are
asking
too
many
questions
and
aren't
big
customers
in
real
life.
Who
would
act
as
a
controller
of
the
network
to
allow
a
members
to
participate,
the
way
we're
organized
and
it's
what
I
call
the
membership
cascade
is
common
to
hyper
ledger?
The
orgs
would
definitely
be
a
big
administrative
person
at
a
big
company,
so
Pfizer
or
McKesson,
or
one
of
these
guys
would
have
an
org.
A
They
would
then
decide
about
which
of
their
employees
would
go
on.
So
Pfizer
has
a
hundred
and
thirty
thousand
employees
they've
told
us
that
they
want
two
hundred
of
those
people
on
this
system.
That's
up
to
them,
and
so
in
our
case
there
are
some
somebody
who
has
to
manage
membership
of
the
smaller
player.
So
every
little
pharmacy
also
has
to
be
on
board
and
we're
working
on
that
now.
How
do
we
May
image
that
participation
there
are?
A
Those
who
are
fans
of
did
zoom
I
can
look
those
up,
there's
a
different
number
of
different
ways
to
manage
those
identities
and-
and
we
have
our
own
thoughts,
but
that's
exactly
right
and
I
assume
that's
what
bhisma
is
talking
about
on
the
identity
certs,
what
I
would
call
dibs
distributed
IDs.
All
of
these
things
are
part
of
the
process
and
then
on
the
consumer
side
they
might
be
able
to
access
blockchain
data
of
certain
datasets
without
identity
at
all.
We
can
just
left
them
query,
but
not
right
so
I
over
time.
A
We
see
sort
of
five
levels.
One
of
the
people
at
our
firm
might
be
the
SIS
administrator
and
they
have
they
don't
have
access
to
any
of
the
private
transactions,
but
they
provision
the
orgs
and
the
new
smart
contracts.
Then
you
have
the
Oregon
minused
grader,
who
manages
the
role
of
that
company,
their
peers,
their
members
and
signs
off
on
any
changes
to
the
community.
A
Then
you
have
the
regular
members
that
have
their
roles
and
they
would
be
provisioned
by
their
org
and
they
will
be
able
to
do
transactions,
and
then
you
might
have
some
people
that
are
just
able
to
access
data
or
provide
what
we
call
oculus
query
answers
without
being
full
members.
Does
that
make
sense
marta?
How
are
we
doing
that
time?
How
many
more
questions
can
we.
C
B
Is
in
the
chat,
so
what
are
what
can
manufacturers
do
internally
to
better
prepare
and
meet
future
requirements
that
come
from
such
Leger
developments?
In
the
end,
three,
and
just
a
comment
from
Daniel
Daniel,
a
great
point
about
the
developing
countries,
after
needing
less
stripping
away
of
the
infrastructure,
sometimes
easier
to
start
on
a
cleaner
slate?
Yes,.
A
A
This
is
a
topic
that
I
regard
as
really
being
the
hot
topic.
Now
of.
Is
your
identity
embedded
in
your
application
in
your
community,
which
is
what
we
did
here
or
are
you
using
what
I
would
call
a
floating
wallet
or
did
as
a
route
to
sort
of
kick
things
off?
Those
are
all
important
questions.
I
think
you'll,
see
that
hyper
ledger
has
a
number
of
different
projects
going
on
I'm
sure
Marta
can
fill
you
in
more,
but
there's
Indy
and
Basu,
and
all
these
things
there's
so
many
ways
to
do
this
stuff.
A
Trace
link
is
just
starting
to
get
into
serialization
and
they
did
an
FDA
pilot
and
they
have
their
own
perspectives
on
where
it's
going.
I
think
that
all
of
us
are
looking
to
work
together
now
to
try
to
identify
the
roots
of
a
new
solution.
I
think
it's
true,
although
I'm
not
gonna
speak
for
trace
link,
I
would
tell
you
that
it
was
publicly
reported
that
trace
link
was
also
on
hyper
ledger
fabric,
so
you're
thinking
we're
on
hyper
ledger
fabric
IBM's
and
hyper
ledger
fabric
trace
link
president
leads
on
hyper
ledger
fabric.
A
A
I
was
just
careful
about
that
phrase.
There's
really
nobody
who
controls
the
net
network,
and
so
if,
if
dr.
Victor
Dodds
of
ledger
domain
is,
is
quote-unquote
controlling
the
system
administrator
job,
he
can't
see
anyone's
transactions
and
we
call
it
a
lights-out
model.
All
he
can
do
is
provision
new
orcs
and
to
update
the
smart
contracts
right
and
so
by
himself.
You
really
can't
do
much
of
anything
and
that's
how
we
like
it
and
so
there's
a
perception.
A
The
people
have
from
the
old
days
that
the
administrator
can
do
anything
and
write
over
anything
and
change
any
data
and
nobody's
any
the
wiser.
You
know.
Hyper
ledger
has
some
great
fail-safes
that
keep
us
from
doing
that,
and
we've
definitely
sort
of
enforced
that.
Well
thanks
very
much.
This
was
awesome.
A
Memory
meeting
is
a
great
opportunity
to
meet
other
members.
It's
a
great
time
to
join
ahead
of
the
member
meeting
for
those
who
can
either
consider
membership
and-
and
hopefully
we'll
see
you
all
there
it'll
be
terrific
and
I
think
it's
a
we're
celebrating
a
very
great
anniversary
here
at
hyper
ledger
this
year
and
it's
a
great
time
to
join
thanks
so
much
Martin
for
hosting
and
I'm
going
to
turn
it
back.
Thank.
B
A
B
You
Ben-
this
was
brilliant.
I
heard
you
speaking
before,
but
if
you
are
still
one
of
the
better
presenters
I
know
and
coming
up,
we
have
webinars
every
two
week
well,
every
first
and
third
Wednesday
of
the
month,
so
first
Wednesday
of
July,
we
will
listen
to
do
tea
labs
talking
about
their
course,
the
use
case
with
Walmart
on
improving
margins,
visibility
and
transparency
throughout
the
supply
chain,
and
then
at
the
beginning
of
August.
We
actually
had
a
project
webinar,
first
of
them,
of
the
project,
webinars
that
we'll
be
hosting.
B
So
for
those
of
you
who
are
a
bit
more
techy,
and
this
will
be
a
good
update
on
better
roadmap.
What
is
coming
up
and
what
are
the
current
solutions
if
you
are
hungry
for
more
content,
we
have
all
of
the
recordings
of
sessions
that
happened
at
Raju,
Global
Forum,
so
please
go
visit.
Our
YouTube
channel
add
to
watch
the
videos
or
watch
the
recordings
and
download
their
presentations
and
please
do
get
involved.
If
you
all
have
any
questions,
if
you
have
any
ideas,
email
us
go
to
the
chat,
go
to
the
mailing
lists.