►
From YouTube: Integration of blockchain and O-RAN to enable the Network-as-a-Service paradigm in Beyond 5G
Description
A guest presentation at the Hyperledger Telecom Special Interest Group on April 7, 2022 featuring Francesc Wilhelmi Roca, Postdoctoral researcher at CTTC speaking about the Integration of blockchain and O-RAN to enable the Network-as-a-Service paradigm in Beyond 5G.
Resource sharing is expected to boost economic sustainability Beyond 5G (B5G) networks thanks to the introduction of trends like network virtualization and network slicing. However, enablers for truly shifting to an economy of sharing remain unexplored. In particular, resource sharing is currently tied to slow bureaucratic procedures (relying on trusted third parties) that lack the flexibility to provide ready-to-deploy functionalities and incur high operational costs. In this regard, blockchain technology emerges as a promising solution to replace traditional trust with programmable and scientific trust. Such a programmable trust will enable economically-driven management of the network, based on automatic transactions and self-executing smart contracts, where network providers operate from the cloud, to trade resources, as-a-service. To favor the integration of blockchain technologies into next-generation virtualized networks, we propose extending the baseline O-RAN architecture by introducing the programmable trust concept. The adoption of blockchain technology is expected to foster trustworthiness, automation, and an economically driven management of next-generation networks.
For anyone interested in how blockchain is being used in the telecom industry, feel free to join Hyperledger's Telecom Special Interest Group at:
https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/TCSIG/
Slides for this presentation are at:
https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/TCSIG/2022+April+Event+About+Blockchain+and+O-RAN
----
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License
Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)
B
Yeah
thanks
everyone
thanks
for
joining
today
and
so
a
little
bit
introduction
that
who
we
are
like
so
so.
This
is
telecom,
sick,
hyperledger,
telecom,
sick.
We
started
this
three
years
back
and,
and
the
focus
is
around
the
technical
and
business
level
use
cases
around
telecom
and
and
we
have,
we
started
this
guest
speaker
series,
and
today
we
have
francis
with
us
and
thanks
francis
first
of
all,
accepting
our
invitation
and
over
to
you.
A
A
Both
of
us
were
at
the
cttc,
which
is
a
research
institution
in
barcelona
in
spain,
but
now
only
me
is
working
at
hitting
the
hill
organizations
now
at
ericsson,
but
it
doesn't
matter
so.
In
today's
talk
I
will
first
provide
public
motivation
and
reaction
to
the
problem
of
network
sharing
and
how
blockchain
can
help
on
this.
A
So
this
impose
the
need
of
of
cutting
for
cutting
both
capitals
and
not
x
costs.
No
in
in
this
regard
in
front
of
this
situation,
we
find
in
one
sharing
a
promising
solution
that
would
not
only
allow
to
share
some
costs
among
operators
and
among
participants,
but
this
would
also
lead
to
a
new
ecosystem
where
we
would
have
new
players
that
could
participate
and
somehow
revolutionize
communication
systems
by
providing
fresh
and
specialized
functions
and
solutions.
A
A
A
So
before
getting
into
the
blockchain
part,
let
me
provide
some
concept
on
the
oran,
yeah,
architectural
and
framework
in
this
land.
So,
basically,
oran
is
an
initiative
started
by
the
oran
alliance,
which
is
formed
by
operators
and
vendors
in
telecom,
which
can
be
orange
tnt
mobile
phone,
it's
kind
of
telecom
on
a
very
long
list.
Nowadays,
no
and
the
primary
goal
of
the
oran
initiative
is
to
basically
to
to
lower
the
cost
of
the
network.
A
B
A
So
when
it
comes
to
to
the
integration
of
or
run
of
blockchain
into
around
networks
in
general,
I
wanted
to
highlight
these
relevant
words.
First
of
all,
there
is
a
an
architectural
proposal
that
that
wants
to
integrate
blockchain
with
or
run,
but
in
this
case
this
was
done
for
the
sake
of
for
the
purpose
of
ui
identification
and
authentication,
but
well
in
any
case,
this
is
quite
an
interesting
work
which
is
in
fact
being
discussed
to
be
included
in
a
foreign
specification
by
the
by
security
focus.
A
Second,
but
not
directly
related
to
run.
We
we
find
that
in
the
literature
there
are
significant
efforts
or
significant
efforts
were
made
to
to
use
blockchain
solutions
for
network
sharing
in
general
and
future
networks
and
third
and
more
closing
spirit
to
our
publication.
We
finance
like
blockering,
which
are
distributed
thanks
to
blockchain
technology.
A
You
know,
in
this
case
brokers
in
the
context
of
3gpp
networks
are
entities
that
provide
some
kind
of
demand,
mapping
and
kind
of
mediate
to
allow
sharing
sources
among
operators
or
other
players,
but
in
essence,
that
the
broker
is
in
charge
of
receiving
requests
for,
for,
for
instance,
resources
and
process
them
and
and
map.
These
requests
into
specific
actions
in
internet.
A
A
So
an
overall
vision
of
the
scenario
that
we
considered
is
shown
here.
In
this
example,
we
have
two
operators,
one
in
blue
and
the
other
in
in
orange,
and
these
two
operators
are
sharing
some
parts
of
the
network:
dynamically
thanks
to
the
adoption
of
iran
and
the
usage
of
blockchain
in
this
case.
No,
so
here
the
intelligent
controller
of
operator
two
in
this
example,
it
detects
that
some.
A
From
operator,
one
are
needed
in
this
case
oops
to
make,
for
instance,
graphical
steering
or
handover,
or
even
to
allocate
a
slice
to
to
to
meet
certain
qos
criteria
for
the
ue
that
we
have
here,
which
is
represented
by
a
car.
So
at
the
moment
that
operator
2
realizes
of
the
need
of
need
of
having
resources
from
other
operators,
it
will
request
them
through
through
the
blockchain.
A
Let
me
say
that
in
in
this
particular
case,
the
we
consider
that
the
the
agreements
among
operators
are
done
by
participating
in
an
auction,
but
we
also
considered
the
case
where
operators
or
providers
can
expose
their
services
in
in
a
marketplace.
No,
I
will
explain
this
in
a
moment,
so,
following
this
same
example
with
the
two
operators
here,
we
show
some
of
the
architectural
blocks
that
would
allow
the
kind
of
proposed
blockchain
enabled
network
sharing.
A
Basically,
we
have
a
set
of
organ
components
that
I
described
before,
but
there
are
also
some
new
components
for
the
integration
of
blockchain
into
all
these.
The
proposed
elements
and
interfaces
are
shown
in
red,
but
basically
there
is
an
external
blockchain
system
in
the
middle,
which
could
be,
for
instance,
a
permissioned
viper
ledger
fabric
blockchain
to
put
an
example
and
which
can
be
connected
to
to
a
marketplace
as
well,
where
an
interested
player
can
can
publish
or
acquire
services.
A
Okay,
so
to
interact
with
the
blockchain
system,
we
basically
proposed
a
distributed,
run,
sharing
blocker,
which
is
this
block
of
here
and
which
has
several
components
inside
no.
The
first
is
the
blockchain
adapter,
which
would
simply
provide
an
interface
to
to
interact
with
with
a
with
a
blockchain
system
and,
for
instance,
the
adapter
could
take
some
slash
and
convert
them
into
a
smart
contract
written
in
solidity
or
whatever
is
needed
by
the
blockchain.
A
Apart
from
that
and
directly
connected
to
admission
control,
there
would
be
an
option
engine
which,
in
this
case,
would
enable
or
put
make
or
unprocess
the
offers
for
acquiring
or
releasing
a
specific
service.
You
know
in
this
whole
architecture
and,
of
course,
using
the
example
that
I
showed
before
here.
We
sketched
the
fact
that
operator
2
in
orange
is
getting
some
part
of
operators.
One
infrastructure.
A
A
A
A
So
here
I
just
wanted
to
show
a
flow
diagram
of
the
action
and
to
somehow
illustrate
which
components
are
involved
in
it.
So
there
is
a
part
in
the
organization
that
decides
to
acquire
a
specific
service
at
the
beginning.
So,
based
on
that,
a
request
is
submitted
to
the
blockchain
new
form
in
the
form
of
a
smart
contract
and
the
smart
contract
can
be
identified
by
the
organization
of
another
operate
operator.
A
This
case,
the
operator
here
in
blue
and
based
on
admission
control,
this
operator
will
decide
to
participate
in
in
the
action
or
not
depending
on
if
it
has
the
resources
or
and
other
things.
You
know
so,
provided
that
the
action
is
successfully
done
and
this
operator
wins
the
deduction,
then
the
the
service,
the
the
service,
is
agreed
and
put
into
motion,
so
resources
are
allocated
automatically.
A
According
with
with
this
and,
of
course
with
when
closing
the
service,
the
the
payment
is
automatically
enforced.
Thanks
to
the
this
smart
contract,
this
is
basically
the
same,
but
for
the
marketplace,
so
I
think
there's
no
need
to
lose
time
with
it,
but
now
before
getting
into
their
resources
we
obtain.
A
Let
me
show
a
little
bit
the
considered
scenario
and
the
methods
that
we
have
used
so
far.
So
basically,
we
have
a
cellular
based
random
deployment
with
users
and
with
sources
distributed
among
two
for
an
activate
operators
and
in
the
setting
we
evaluate
the
action
and
the
marketplace
approaches
enabled
by
in
this
case
generic
proof-of-work-based
blockchain
system.
A
So
we
didn't
dig
into
specific
implementations
like
hyperledger
fabric
or
ethereum
or
whatever,
so
we
we
kept
this
more
theoretical
in
this
case,
and
and
well,
we
compared
that
to
the
legacy
approach
where
there
is
no
a
dynamic
exchange
of
resources.
No,
so
for
for
the
the
metrics
that
we
considered,
we
have
considered
capacity,
utilization,
user,
satisfaction
and
efficiency
in
terms
of
the
the
load
of
a
base
station
with
respect
to
the
load
that
is
requested
to
that
basis,
station,
given
the
user's
activity
and
for
user
satisfaction.
A
Let
me
say
that
we
use
this
formula
that
you
have
here,
which
basically
includes
the
perception
of
users
towards
the
service
that
they
obtain.
In
this
case.
This
is
computed
in
terms
of
their
bandwidth
allocated
to
to
the
users,
and
we
also
consider
price
into
the
equation
and
as
for
the
blockchain,
we
consider
delay
and
overhead
basically
and.
A
A
A
The
auction
and
the
marketplace
in
terms
of
the
ma
of
the
metrics
that
I
mentioned
before
so
here
we
have
the
results
in
terms
of
capacity,
satisfaction
and
efficiency
for
each
possible
number
of
operators
that
we
had.
So
basically,
we
have
two
four
and
eight
operators
that
can
coexist
in
industrial
deployment.
A
So,
as
you
can
see,
both
action
and
marketplace
solution
improve
the
legacy
case
in
in
all
the
cases,
but
notice
that
in
this
case
the
action
is
typically
more
efficient,
as
we
could
expect
and
that
the
marketplace
provides
a
higher
capacity
utilization
and
again.
This
is
because
the
offers
are
some
kind
of
discrete
so
the
offers
in
the
marketplace
I
mean
so
operators
obtain
typically
more
resources
than
needed
which
can
at
the
same
time
be
used
for
for
new
users
that
connect
to
to
the
system.
A
Okay,
so
when
it
comes
to
the
blockchain
overheads
here
we
provided
a
comparison
of
the
action
and
the
marketplace
solutions
for
each
again
for
each
number
of
operators,
and
also
here
we
consider
different
loops
in
terms
of
user
request
which
are
denoted
by
the
lambda
parameter.
That
appears
at
the
top
of
each
figure
on
the
left.
We
have
the
excel
delay
for
validating
transactions
in
blockchain
in
the
right.
We
have
the
overhead
in
terms
of
transactions
per
second,
but
the
plans
are
equivalent.
A
A
A
So
here
we
plot
the
temporal
evolution
of
the
service
perceived
by
by
the
users
on
the
premises
of
the
first
operator,
even
for
users
belonging
to
the
virtual
operators
and,
as
shown
here
in
the
legacy
case,
the
the
one
on
the
left
and
many
users
do
not
get
resources.
So
capacity
drops
very
quickly
and
very
significantly
so
was
satisfaction,
because
here
we
also
plot
satisfaction.
A
Nevertheless,
when
enabling
the
kind
of
blockchain
sharing
solution,
we
see
that
the
results
are
improved
quite
a
lot,
no,
even
when
their
base
stations
are
fully
loaded
in
this
case,
no
because
they
are
the
gray
points
indicate
that
the
mean
ps
load
in
this
case
no-
and
the
other
case
is
when
each
operator
owns
the
fifty
percent
of
their
resources
here
without
sharing.
It
is
okay,
but
satisfaction
is
not
that
good.
A
Likewise,
let
me
say
that
the
transaction
confirmation
latency
can
can
represent
also
a
critical
aspect
depending
on
the
blockchain
blockchain
solution
that
you
adopt.
In
our
case,
we
assume
the
centralized
mechanisms,
fully
decentralized
mechanisms
like
proof
of
work
which
may
incur
into
too
much
delay
and
overhead,
basically
so,
typically
for
operators,
they
would
prefer
permission
less
permissions
using
preparation
of
blockchains,
which
can
be
much
faster
and
much
more
scalable.
A
B
B
A
Yeah
in
this
work
in
particular,
we
you
used
a
kind
of
simulation
which
is
a
simple
implementation
that
we
did
in
matlab.
So
we
don't
use
the
q
model,
but
the
q
model.
We
have
been
using
this
in
other
papers,
but
only
to
characterize
the
the
keying
delay
that
we
understand
that
that
you
may
have
in
a
proof
of
work.
Blockchain
system.
A
A
B
A
B
A
Yes,
and
let
me
say
as
well,
because
I
actively
participate
and
contribute
to
itu
focus
groups
and
particular
focus
group
on
autonomous
networks,
and
we
are
working.
They
are
interested
in
fact
in
in
blockchain,
and
we
are
working
on
proof
of
concept
application
or
using
blockchain
to
kind
of
validate
these
examples
that
you
may
have
in
in
oran
and
another
intelligent
based
network
architectures.
A
So
from
from
this
part,
they
I
know
that
they
would
be
very
glad
and
honored
to
to
get
some
input
from
from
this
interest
loop
in
hyperledger
fabric,
to
provide
some
kind
of
introduction
of
the
activities
that
that
you
do,
and
these
kind
of
things
are.
I'm
aware
that
very
nice
collaboration
could
could
arise
from
there.
B
B
Yeah,
so
so
nemo
is
also
here
so
he's
also
working
on
this
network
slicing,
dropping
kind
of
things
right
and
we
have
some
papers
on
sla
and
and
decentralized
identities,
so
so
yeah
means
in
any
how
people
are
working
on
over
and
things
and
yeah
means,
because
all
things
have
come
under
linux
foundation.
So
it's
easy
to
collaborate
between
orange
man
and
if
we
can
start
something
as
a
subgroup
or
or
we
can
write
some
solution,
brief
together
with
oran
or
in
our
community.
So
that
will
be
really
good.
B
B
Nothing,
so
thanks!
Thanks
will
help
me.
Thank
you.
So
much,
and
meanwhile
thanks
yeah
christina,
is
saying
thanks.
Okay,
so
thanks
thanks
everyone
for
joining
us
today
and
and
will
help
me,
we
will
see
that
how
we
can
collaborate
further
in
hyperledger,
teleconfig
group
and
thanks
again
thanks
for
joining
everyone,
and
thank
you
for
your
presentation.