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From YouTube: Internet Society Board of Trustees Meeting 138 - Day 1
Description
Internet Society Board of Trustees Meeting 138 - Day 1
18-19 November 2017, Singapore
Agenda available here: https://www.internetsociety.org/board-of-trustees/meetings/138/
A
A
A
Okay,
perfect.
So
we
have
posted
the
the
proposed
agenda
on
the
on
the
web.
So
everybody
should
be
aware
of
that.
Any
agenda-
bosh,
okay,
perfect
I,
think
yeah
no
I
mean
we
can
do
it
tomorrow
for
tomorrow's
agenda,
so
yeah
today's
agenda
I
think
it's
good.
Okay.
So
without
further
ado,
I
would
like
to
move
to
point
number
two
on
the
agenda,
which
is
the
document
resolutions
that
we
have
approved
by
a
vote
since
our
last
board
meeting,
and
for
that
I
would
like
to
get
our
secretary
John
to
talk
about
that.
B
Thank
You
Gonzalo
under
our
under
our
Revised
Rules,
since
these
were
all
either
approved
unanimously
or
they
were
approved
not
unanimously,
but
but
the
people
who
but
the
they
were
all
either
approved
unanimously
or
they
were
approved
and
by
majority
and
the
people
who
didn't
vote
for
them
endorsed
them.
So
we
we
do
not
have
to
approve
them
again
and
since
everybody
has
seen
all
of
these
resolutions,
I'm
not
going
to
read
them
all
I'm,
simply
going
to
tell
you
which
ones
they
were.
B
There
was
one
resolution
to
authorize
creation
of
the
Internet
Society
Foundation,
which
is
in
several
sections.
There
was
another
resolution
to
appoint
the
members
of
the
2728
2017-2018
nominating
nominations
committee,
which
I
had
to
correct,
but
is
but
the
version
you
see
it
should
be
the
correct
one
and
we
approve
the
the
after
lengthy
negotiations,
the
I
sock,
PIR
operating
procedure.
And
finally,
we
approve
the
pa.
Our
2018
budget
and
Kevin
already
has
the
list
of
who
voted
for
which
and
who
abstained.
A
A
Know
about
them
exactly
that's
important!
Okay!
Thank
you,
John!
So
moving
to
the
third
point
in
our
agenda,
we
are
very
happy
because
this
time
we
have
to
celebrate
a
lot
of
new
chapters
and
a
lot
of
special
interest
groups.
So
we're
gonna
have
a
resolution
to
welcome
for
welcoming
them
all
and
let
me
list
the
I
mean
read
the
whole
list
of
new
chapters
on
new
six,
so
we're
gonna
be
welcoming
the
Dominica
chapter,
Guyana's
chapter
Illinois,
chapter
Mumbai,
chapter
Namibia,
chapter
st.
Vincent
and
the
Grenadines
chapter
u.s.
A
New
Mexico
chapter,
so
those
are
the
top
we
are
welcoming
and
then
two
new
special
interest
groups,
the
cybersecurity
and
the
internal
things.
Six.
So
we're
gonna
pass
this
by
acclamation
and,
as
I
said,
we
are
very
happy
to
have
such
a
you
know,
active
community
and
so
many
new
initiatives.
So
let
me
basically
I
mean
please
join
me
in
passing
the
resolution
by
automation.
A
C
You
very
much
Gonzalo
and,
as
you
have
seen,
we
have
already
appointed
members
of
the
nomination
committee.
That's
in
the
resolution
that
it's
referred
a
few
minutes
ago.
Well
so
far
we
have
already
issued
the
call
form
for
applications
for
the
new
members
of
the
Board
of
Trustees.
It
is,
there
is
a
text
that
has
been
published
in
English
and
I
translated
into
Spanish,
and
also
the
call
for
applications
is
in
the
ice-sub
website.
So
I
personally
have
been
promoting
it
in
in
our
new
networks
in
Latin
America
in
Spanish,
also
in
English.
A
C
A
Good
yeah,
that's
a
good
point
yeah.
If
anyone
can
basically
approach
Olga,
if,
if
you
have
kind
of
you
know
the
possibility
and
and
the
willingness
to
do
that,
okay,
excellent!
Thank
you.
The
next
point
on
the
agenda
is
point
number
five,
which
is
I
mean
it
has
two
purposes
on
hans-peter.
The
chairman
of
our
Governance
Committee
will
drive
this
point
so
has
Peter
the
floor.
Is
yours?
A
D
The
Governance
Committee
sofa
has
accomplished
one
of
this
at
least
one
of
his
tasks,
which
is
bringing
together
some
guidance.
It's
called
nomination
committee
guidance
from
the
Governance
Committee.
It
summarizes
expectations
to
the
nomination
committees
over
a
few
years.
It
summarizes
her
Amasa
points
and
it
was
distributed
to
the
board
some
times
this
week.
I
think
so,
and
it's
a
guidance
it's
still
open
for
discussion.
It's
always
open
for
improvement.
It
should
be
always
kept
as
a
let's
say
recommendation:
that's
it's
not
hard
rules.
Most
of
it
are
recommendations.
You
should
look
at
this.
D
A
A
A
E
A
D
Their
second
point
you,
our
second
point,
is
Cal
work
still
on
the
way
or
current
very
convert.
In
the
background.
That's
two
topics,
its
summarized
on
the
broad
portal
or
Bob
work
area
and
avoding
I,
promised
last
time
from
the
governance
committees
that
we
are
looking
actively
at
three
different
systems
and
setting
up
test
run
for
this
meeting
and
I'm
very
set
disappointed,
I'm,
not
sure.
D
What's
the
right
word
that
we
didn't
reach
to
this
point
and
Kevin
did
a
lot
of
work
and
set
up
one
of
the
examples,
after
trots,
very
thorough
screening
of
the
systems
and
writing
a
report
of
it,
we
selected
one
Kevin
set
up
a
dummy
version
of
information,
including
agenda,
bla,
bla,
bla
and
everything
and
we
tested
it
in
several
runs
and
had
to
decide.
I
think
it
was
last
week
was
a
week
before
this
work.
D
G
Just
as
hans-peter
said,
the
first
product
wallet
showed
very
well
in
the
demonstration
phase
it
it
did
not
satisfy
requirements
when
we
were
in
the
trial
phase.
So
we've
identified
a
second
product
and
we're
scheduled
to
trial
that
hans-peter
and
I
week
after
next
so
we
hope
to
have
a
portal
available
for
the
boards
used
by
the
end
of
this
year.
D
The
easy
this
first
two
points:
the
next
one
is
work
we
have
in
front
of
us
or
we
still
have
not
yet
complete.
We
need
some
more
input.
The
Governance
Committee
will
meet
later
this
afternoon
and
before
starting
working
on
these
three
topics,
I
decided
in
conjunction
with
talking
to
condado,
that
it
might
be
useful
for
the
committee
to
get
some
input.
Some
straw
poll
some
early
in
order.
D
Indication
that
the
whole
board
is
sinking
in
sleaze
in
those
three
topics,
so
we
can
decide
where
we
can
go
deeper
and
where
we
can
go
into
the
whole
thing.
Then
I
would
summarize
those
three
topics
in
revision
of
the
code
of
conduct
for
trustees,
number
one
number,
two
Board
of
Trustee
compensation
or
redemption
or
whatever
the
right
words
are
in
this
case
and
board
of
trustees,
travel
and
involvement
policy.
D
These
are
the
three
things
and
we
have
now
relatively,
let's
say,
foggy
code
of
conduct
for
trustees.
I
would
like
to
rewrite
it
in
a
little
bit
more
fancy,
concise
fashion
and
and
at
some
my
exams,
perhaps
following
the
things
we
had
in
the
recommendations
already,
because
part
of
it
is
nothing
but
announcement
of
the
code
of
conduct
for
trustees.
D
The
compensation
saying
there
is
an
existing
paper
which
was
done
during
not
previous.
But
what
is
a
pre
previous
round
of
governance
committees,
which
has
a
clear
message
and
rechecking
if
it's
necessary
to
reopen
it
and
the
travel
in
and
involvement
policy
is
something
which
is
relatively
new
on
our
and
on
the
covenant
committees
table
and
we
could
just
get
it
short
feeling
of
the
room.
How
things
are?
A
D
A
Hear
a
little
bit
more
okay!
Thank
you!
Hands,
Peter!
So
let's
talk
about
that
before
and
you're
right,
I
mean
from
my
conversations
with
trustees.
I
know
that
this
is
kind
of
like
a
a
topic
where
different
trustees
have
different
opinions,
so
so
I
think
getting
a
straw
poll
to
see
where
people
are
I
think
it
would
be
useful
for
you
guys
to
to
talk
and
a
Governance
Committee.
So
I
agree.
It's
a
useful
thing
to
do.
A
Just
so,
for
the
record,
I
I
sent
the
policy
that
we
are
following
for
the
ITF
appointed
trustees
to
the
to
the
list,
so
you
have
seen
it,
but
for
the
sake
of
the
of
the
public,
so
the
ITF,
when
they
appoint
the
the
trustees
for
in
this
case,
which
are
appointed
actually
by
the
IAB.
The
expectations
is
that
ITF
appointed
trustees
don't
get
any
remuneration.
A
So
in
that
sense
is
the
same
thing
for,
like
you
know
the
liaison
that
they
appoint
to
icon,
for
example,
to
the
icon
board
and
different
other
liaison
positions
and
empower
people.
So,
in
that
sense,
I
know
for
a
fact
that
you
know
people
coming
from
the
ietf
community
basically
have
a
you
know
clear
view
of,
like
you
know
not
accepting
remuneration,
but,
but
you
know
I
mean
the
board.
Also,
of
course
includes
you
know,
eight
more
trustees,
so
I
think
it
would
be
nice
to
get
a
straw
poll
before
we
get
a
straw
poll.
C
You
one
solid
I,
think
you
has
better
for
poor
explanation.
I
really
had
no
special
opinion
about
that
until
last
year
that
we
went
through
I
was
part
of
the
non
comb
that
was
chaired
by
Alice
and
I.
Tried
I
talked
to
many
people
in
the
region,
trying
people
that
I
thought
could
suit
for
for
being
a
board
member,
and
especially
during
the
IGF
in
Guadalajara
in
my
region,
the
the
the
feedback
that
I
for
many
people
I
know
that
could
be
very,
very
good
candidates
for
for
being
a
board.
C
Member
of
this
organization
was
that
it
was
a
lot
of
time,
investment
and
and
no
remuneration
for
that
time,
so
that
for
them
it
was
no
incentive
to
participate
which
I
thought
then
I
realized
that
compensation
could
be
an
issue
for
some
people
that
are
especially
independent
professionals,
lawyers
or
engineers
or
other
other
professions.
That
could
take
time
from
there
from
from
their
job
and
they
have
no
compensation,
especially
perhaps
in
developing
regions,
so
that
that's
something
that
I
had
no
in
mind.
C
F
Now
the
discussion
we
had
was
that
these
people
would
feel
I
would
say
disenfranchised
in
being
not
able
to
stand
up
and
run
for
the
board
if
they
were
good
candidates.
I'm
just
giving
an
example
of
one
country,
and
then
the
discussion
was
whether
the
board
should
actually
consider
that
as
budget
travel
policies
of
you
taking
time
to
come
to
a
board
meeting,
then
you
will
actually
somehow
get
remunerate
you
for
those
extra
days
of
travel
that
you're
taking
off
work.
F
I
realized
these
examples
are
rare,
but
they
may
exist
and
that's
the
reason
that
was
the
gist
of
the
discussion
we
had.
Then
I
realized
that
appointees
from
the
ITF
would
never
take
a
compensation,
and
we
also
discussed
that
this
compensation
would
be
taken
up
by
discretion
of
people
who
really
need
it
that
it
would
not
be
abused.
So
I
was
just
wondering
whether
this
item
could
actually
become
an
item
of
the
trustees
budget
policy,
rather
than
the
compensation
of
the
trustees
for
serving
on
the
board
as
they
keep
mentioning.
F
F
A
F
People
from
Pacifica
would
probably
have
to
take
much
more
longer
than
anybody
else.
That's
why
I'm
demonstrating
they
need
to
have
to
take
two
days
or
three
days
to
get
a
boat
which
goes
only
once
a
week
to
the
nearest
airports
to
get
to
the
airport
where
they
have
to
take
a
flight
to
wherever
we
have
a
meeting
any.
A
It's
a
normal
term,
but
I
will
explain
it's
just
an
unofficial
vote
that
you
know
it
doesn't
have
any
official
validity,
but
it's
just
to
sense.
The
the
you
know
to
test
the
water,
let's
say
so:
I'm
gonna
be
asking
two
questions.
Following
up
on
on
the
series:
clarity,
clarification
like
you
know:
what
would
trustees
think
of
compensation
policies
so
basically
getting
money
for
being
a
trustee
and
the
second
will
be
what
would
people
think
about
a
per
diem
type
of
you
know
travel
compensation
allowance,
so
the
first
one.
A
What
would
people
think
Trustees
think
about
you
know
considering
compensation
for
the
board.
So
sorry
yeah
that
that
was
going
to
say
so
he's
gonna,
be
you
know
yes,
I
mean
we
should
we
should
consider
that
no
I'm
completely
opposed
to
that
or
abstain,
which
means
you
know,
I
don't
have
any
information
or
I
would
like
to
think
more
of
that.
Just
I
mean
I
just
want
to
give,
because
to
be
clear.
This
is
discussed
in
the
Governance
Committee,
so
I
just
want
to
give
hands
Peter
a
bit
of
like
you
know
sense.
A
If,
if
it's
something
that
you
know
the
trust
trustee
supposed
well,
maybe
you
can
give
it
lower
priority,
because
it's
very
clear
if
it's
something
that
the
twelve
trustees
approved,
maybe
you
can
give
a
higher
priority
because
it's
it's.
You
know
it's
more
likely
and
keeping
in
mind
that
you
know
to
pass
any
resolution.
You
need
at
least
seven
trustees,
which
is
a
majority,
so
I
think
this
is
a
type
of
feedback
you
would
like
to
have
in
order
to
prioritize
the
discussions.
Is
that
a
fair
summary?
A
Okay
so
which
trustees
would
be
in
favor
of
considering
at
general
compensation
for
trustees?
Please
raise
your
hands
and
that's
to
Glenn
and
Olga.
Well,
it
then
I
can
ask
you
visually
or
you
can
speak
up
whenever
you
want,
which
trustees
basically
would
be
opposed
to
having
a
conversation
for
four
trustees.
Please
raise
your
hand,
which
is
one
two
three
four
five,
six
seven
seven
on
eight,
so
a
trustees
and
yeah
I
think
I
got
valid
and
then
who
would
abstain,
hands
Peter,
yeah,
we're
missing
one
okay,
so
to
to
to
abstain.
A
Eight
against
two
in
favor,
the
well
I.
Don't
think
we
need
to
capture
that,
but
yeah
you
need.
You
did
capture
that
right.
Yes,
since
it's
informal
yeah,
we
don't
have
to
okay,
Astro
Paul,
the
second,
the
SoCon
straw
poll.
I,
would
like
to
get
as
I
said,
following
up
on
this
race
distinction,
because
I
think
is
and
is
like.
Who
would
be
you
know
or
who
thinks
that
you
know
the
Governance
Committee
should
consider
giving
that
per
diem
for
trustees
that
they
travel.
A
H
A
A
Well
it
six
so
six
in
favor
and
who
abstains,
which
I
mean
I'm
included
as
well
like,
depending
on
the
details,
but
I
think
it's
worthwhile
for
for
for
the
Compensation
Committee
to
to
consider
it
so
who
abstains
so
one,
two,
three,
four,
five,
six
and
and
I
think
no
it
will.
Somebody
wants
to
vote
no
yeah.
Okay.
So
do
you
have
information?
You
need!
Thank
you,
okay.
So
the
next
topic
was
their
code
of
conduct.
A
D
Is
a
code
of
conduct
is
still
on
improvement.
Ice
I
would
like
to
continue
working
you
and
says,
following
the
recommendations
part
so
I
would
really
like
to
invite
everybody
to
have
a
look
over
it
during
the
next
one
to
three
weeks
and
give
some
feedback
to
us
to
the
Governance
Committee.
To
follow
this
later
on
so
to
us,
leaves
to
the
last
thing
which
is
coming
up
over
the
last
weeks
is,
let's
say,
a
renewal
of
the
Board
of
Trustees
travel
policy.
D
We
have
an
existing
policy,
which
has
a
clear
our
relatively
clear
rules
which
have
relative
hard
limits.
What
to
do
to
go
to
the
board,
tell
the
board
what
you
are
doing,
and
it's
only
that
trustees
might
receive
travel
funds
or
travel
support
if
they
are
requested
to
do
so
by
staff
or
Casey
directly
and
I.
Believe
we
have
an
implicit
number
of
two
that's
limited
to
a
small
number
of
events
per
year.
D
Some
know
several
trustees
asked
me
or
asks
the
Governance
Committee
to
reviews
his
policy
and
open
it
up
and
on
the
extreme
side,
it
should
be
a
policy
for
the
board
to
educate
board
members
by
allowing
some
more
supporting
Sam
going
to
events
in
the
ability
to
do
things
for
the
board.
But
there's
a
wide
range
and
again
questions.
A
A
We
are
not
discussing
that,
so
we
are
discussing
things
like
trustee,
going
to
a
conference
to
give
a
talk
on
behalf
of
Pfizer,
just
to
be
clear
and
also
to
summarize
I
think,
there's
two
distinct
points
of
view,
at
least
that
I've
heard
from
from
you
and
if
I'm
missing
something
please
you
know
add
up
to
that.
So
one
thing
is
to
go
and
represent.
I
saw
on
an
event.
A
I
I
mean
thank
you
for
bringing
this
up.
I
wasn't
ready
to
discuss
it
openly,
but
now
that
it's
brought
up
so
I'd
like
to
bring
it
up
to
be
open
and
I.
Think
it's
important,
given
the
fact
that
the
board
is
manager
governed
by
a
group
of
people
who
are
strategically
located
or
positioned
to
give
an
opinion,
because
occasionally
I
reflect
on
history
of
the
ISO
board.
I
see
that,
while
in
the
past
it
was
much
much
more
more
technical,
driven
and
ideas
and
in
this
history
of
I
saw
as
years
past.
I
The
policy
aspect
of
it
has
become
more
and
more
relevant
and
the
recent
years
have
resulted
in
a
number
of
important
global
events,
including
the
IGF,
for
example,
not
only
the
international
one,
but
also
the
regional
ones
etc.
And
it's
important
in
my
opinion
that
if
board
members
aren't
aware
of
what
happens
on
that
IGF
as
much
as
possible
being
closely
networked
within
the
communities
that
are
meeting
at
these
events,
it's
bringing
in
some
sort
of
say,
lack
of
opportunity
to
pursue
and
personal
capacity
level.
I
It
means
that
as
much
as
possible,
we'd
like
to
also
know
the
environment
ecosystem
as
individual
member
members
not
necessarily
actually
give
a
speech
or
a
present
I
thought,
but
as
much
as
improve
our
own
capacity
and
understanding
the
current
trends
in
the
internet
ecosystem,
understanding
that
various
active
players
of
the
field
and
position
positioning
ourselves
seeing
I
saw
from
a
different
lens
from
outside
as
well,
because
otherwise
it
might
turn
out
to
be
an
echo
chamber
that
we
need
in
the
world
events
only
and
not
necessarily
in
a
broader
context.
Thank
you.
Thank.
C
You
Gonzalo
and
thank
you
were
late.
I
fully
agree
with
what
you
said.
I
would
like
to
add
something,
especially
in
original
events.
The
original
teams
are
small
and
if
the
presence
of
the
eyes
of
the
organization's
is
limited
to
the
staff,
which
are
doing
a
great
job
and
and
the
staff
is
really
a
small
team,
it's
also
usually
the
same
people
going
to
different
regional
meetings,
so
adding
participation
from
the
board
could
broaden
the
perspective
and
the
the
image
that
we
send
to
the
regional
activities.
Thank
you.
A
Okay,
thank
you.
Okay,
I,
don't
see
any
any
hunt.
Okay,
so
let
me
kind
of
summarize
also
I'm
hands.
Peter
was
pointing
into
the
existing
policy
so
that
we,
we
kind
of
you,
know,
get
on
the
same
page
and
give
some
guidelines.
So
on
the
on
the
let's
call
it.
You
know
representing
I
sock
on
on
events.
We
discussed
that
last
year
and
the
the
basically
well
conflict
of
interest
or
or
if
you
want
to
call
it
optics
like
the
optics
issue,
we
we
want
to
avoid.
Is
that
the
the
basically
the
CEO
needs
to?
A
Basically,
you
know
I
mean
handle
that,
but
having
a
trustee
ask
the
CEO
to
to,
in
this
case,
Kathy
to
go
somewhere.
It
creates
a
conflict
because,
basically,
you
are
overseeing
management
and
management
basically
will
have.
You
know
not
an
incentive
to
basically
put
in
to
deny
this
type
of
request.
So
it's
problematic.
A
That's
why
we
we
talk
about
this
self
disclosure
policy
which
we'll
be
discussing
the
board,
which
is
basically
nowhere.
We
could
say
hey
this
makes
sense,
or
this
doesn't
make
sense.
At
the
same
time,
we
had
these,
as
Peter
said
implicitly
made
like
you
know:
two
trips
in
a
year
would
be
reasonable
more
than
that
would
not
be
reasonable.
A
So
I
don't
know
if
people
think
that
you
know
the
limit
is
too
low
or
the
limit
is
too
high
or
or
it
makes
no
sense
for
the
board
to
discuss
or
it
has
to
be
discretionary
to
to
the
trustees.
So
what
are
they
in
the
open
issues
there,
because
I
understood
I
mean
that
does
the
current
policy
right.
So
if
we
are
having
this
discussion,
I
understand
that
someone
wouldn't
agree
with
the
current
policy.
If
we
all
agree,
I
mean
we
just
can't
move
on
and
yeah
Olga
just.
C
A
clarifying
question:
you,
you
said
that
my
understanding
is
that
a
trustee
could
express
interest
and
participate
in
an
event.
Of
course
you
can.
The
organization
can
sin
yes
or
no,
and
of
course
it
depends
on
how
many
times
or
have
have
this
trustee
participated
in
other
events
in
representation
of
Isaac,
so
I,
when
you
say
there
is
a
conflict
in
asking
the
the
see.
No.
A
That's
so
I
didn't
yeah,
so
the
conflict
we
we
talked
about
last
year
was
that
let's
say
I
express
interest
and
I
said
Kathy.
I
would
like
to
go
to
the
IETF,
because
I
actually
do
I
serve
work
there.
So
yeah
Kathy
would
could
push
back
and
say
no
because
you
know
I,
don't
think
that's
reasonable,
but
most
likely
she
would
say,
I
mean
yeah
go
because
we
are
overseeing
her
performance.
A
So
in
that
sense
you
know
it's
basically
natural
to
just
you
know,
give
you
know
whatever
request
and
and
that's
why
I
mean
usually
in
all
companies
they
have.
This
type
of
you
know
rules
for
avoiding,
basically,
no
people
overseeing
your
performance
to
get
let's
say
something
from
from
your
subordinates.
So
is
this
type
of
it's
not
a
conflict
of
interest,
but
I
mean
I,
don't
know
which
term
to
use,
but
but
is
that
type
of
issue
we
talked
about
last
year?
A
J
Somebody
was
requesting
the
floor
out.
Richard
I
was
just
gonna,
speak
up
in
favor
of
the
current
policy,
which
seems
to
me
to
be
pretty
reasonable
and
strike
a
good
balance
between
making
trustees
available,
enabling
I
sought
to
leverage
the
trustees
all
the
same
time,
avoiding
these
conflicts.
Okay,
thank
you.
Richard.
F
A
That's
a
very
good
point
and
that's
why
I
think
that
having
so
so
Mike,
my
my
own
opinion.
Actually
when,
when
Hans
Peter
said
this,
an
implicit
limit
in
two
trips
I
would
actually
make
the
limit
explicit,
because
I
think
that
would
remove
most
of
the
of
the
discussions,
because
if
we
understand
that
look
I
mean
up
to,
you
are
super
likely
to
get
it
well
approved.
So
there's
no
need
to
discuss,
and
you
know
that
the
third
trip
is
very
likely
to
get
rejected
until
I
mean
unless
there's
a
very
good
reason.
A
K
I
took
advantage
of
that
opportunity
now
and
I
thank
the
board
for
the
opportunity
to
be
here
for
the
IETF,
limiting
it
to
only
to
may
not
be
prudent
in
certain
circumstances.
I
think
it's
question
of
situation
say
are
very
important.
Events
coming
up
that
that
we
should
be
at,
and
perhaps
that
person
has
done
their
Lyme
they've
done
their,
but
the
fact
that
other
people
can't
go
so
I
think
we
need
some
latitude
absolutely.
K
And
and
I
I
think
using
common
sense
should
be
encouraged.
I
fully
agree,
I'm,
not
even
moving
my
mouth
and
he's
speaking
I
guess
what
I'm
thinking
of
is
the
person
or
is
that
the
right
person
to
go?
You
know,
do
they
have
the
skill
sets
and
they
represent
the
organization?
Well
to
be
there
that
that
that's
a
critical
piece,
that's
may
not
be
part
of
it,
but
I
think
I
just
want
to
throw
that
into
the
mix.
Then.
A
That
was
basically
what
this
area
was
pointing.
Also
to
that
usually
it
was
staff,
basically
asking
the
trustee
we've.
Basically,
you
know
the
right
skill
set
or
whatever
you
you
say
so
so
maybe
you
know
hans-peter
in
the
in
the
community.
You
want
to
refine
that
to
to
basically,
you
know,
I,
don't
think
we
have
time
to
discuss
it,
not
to
explain
what
we
mean
by
by
Pat.
Actually,
so
that
that's
a
very
good
point,
then
you
want
it
to
point.
F
A
L
I
just
didn't
want
to
I
was
gonna,
say
what
Glen
says.
This
is
on
staff
too.
There's
some
of
you
who
are
experts
in
your
area
and
the
staff
really
admires
and
sees
a
terrific
use
for
you
out
there
to
go
and
speak
to
what
you
know
so
I
think
some
of
that
you're
seeing
and
you're
indifferent
and
you
are
in
different
areas
of
expertise.
So
we
have
to
discipline
ourselves
as
well
and
I.
Think
that's
something
we
can.
We
should
take
into
consideration,
but
I
do
think
that's
how
this
happens.
L
A
And
let
me
talk
a
bit
about
a
Richards
comment
because
actually
I
mean
I'm
coming
from
from
the
same
point.
Actually
so
so
we
cannot
forget
that
there's
an
opportunity
cost
right,
so
we
have
as
a
board.
We
have
a
strategy,
we
have
focus
areas
and
let's
face
it,
the
number
of
cycles
that
we
can
all
spend
on
board
work
are
limited.
So
when
a
board
member,
instead
of
being
working
on
our
focus
areas,
is
traveling
to
some
it
eggs
to
give
a
presentation,
there's
an
opportunity
cost,
because
board
work
is
not
being
done.
A
So
in
that
sense,
if
we
need
to
send
a
board
member,
you
know
twelve
times
in
a
year
because
he's
an
expert
or
something
he
should
probably
be
I
swap
stuff.
So
in
that
sense
or
a
consultant
or
something
not
a
board
member.
So
in
that
sense,
let's
not
forget
the
opportunity
cost,
because
I
mean
the
board
member
just
to
be
super
clear.
Their
role
is
to
advance
the
focus
area
of
the
board,
and
you
know
it's
great
that
we
can
help
the
organization
in
several
ways.
A
I
think
the
limit
of
two
is
kind
of
like
a
nice
trade-off,
but
if
this
goes
extreme,
you
know
more
than
two
three
whatever
it's
it's
not
reasonable
right,
so
we
would
be
talking
about
what
is
the
role
we
want
to
perform.
So,
having
said
that,
this
is
like
about
representing
Isaac
and
the
capacity
building
thing
I
think
we
could
easily
include
it
into
this
limit.
So
you
could
say
you
know
AI
want
to
go
to
the
idea,
because
I
want
to
learn
so
I
would
be
at
least
personally
completely.
A
I
A
A
Why
I
pointed
that
it
was
brought
up
to
you
and
I
think
that
was
a
really
good
point,
because
exactly
because
of
that,
because
he's
not
capturing
the
current
policy,
so
I
think
we
should.
You
know
yeah
cut
tree
and
thanks
for
bringing
it
up
because
I
think
it's
a
really
good
point.
If,
like
that,
you
know
there's
these
two
types
of
traveling
and
we
should
capture
both.
So
so
please
work
with
hands
Peter
so
that
you
know
something
that
makes
sense
gets
captured
in
the
new
policy.
A
D
A
One
less
comment
that
maybe
I
mean
for
people
to
understand:
I
mean
the
reason
I
think
it's
reasonable
to
talk
about
trips
instead
of
talking
in
terms
of
dollars
or
Euros,
is
that
we
have,
of
course
a
policy
regarding
you
know,
travel,
so
in
that
sense,
I
mean
that
policy
sets
a
limit
on.
You
know
how
much
a
trip,
cost
and
I
think
the
guidelines
are
clear.
So
in
that
sense,
I
think
it
makes
sense
to
talk
in
terms
of
trips
are
supposed
to
seek
number
of
dollars
if
that
works
for
everyone.
Thank
you
hospital.
A
Do
you
get
what
you
want
it?
Okay,
I
can
only
say
thank
you
for
the
input
and
we
have
some
work
to
do
excellent.
Thank
you
and
yeah,
and
you
guys
have
a
meeting
of
the
Governance
Committee
this
evening.
Where
you
can,
you
know,
flesh
out
a
bit
and
work
on
the
details
that
that's
perfect
Thank,
You,
Hans,
Peter,
okay,
moving
on
to
point
number,
six
on
the
agenda,
which
is
the
approval
of
the
amendment
of
the
Audit
Committee
chapter
in
order
to
to
basically
address
the
compliance
committee,
so
John,
please,
oh.
B
You
pretty
much
you,
you
yeah,
you
pretty
much
said
that
the
I
stock
has
set
up
a
an
internal
compliance
committee,
run
by
run
run
by
Sandy,
which
will
deal
with
the
internal
internal
compliance
issues
and
it's
the
standard
governance
thing
once
a
year.
They
will
communicate
to
the
Audit
Committee
what
they
have,
but
they
have
discovered.
So
we
need
to
edit
the
audit
committees.
B
Charter
and
I've
already
talked
to
her,
and
we
already
have
seen
I
think
we
you
don't
know
how
many
outstanding
issues
do
we
you're
going
to
do
it
and
go
take
portes.
So
I
guess
this
is
resolution.
2017
xx,
the
amendment
to
the
Audit
Committee
charter
resolved
that
the
board
approves
an
amendment
of
the
Audit
Committee
charter
as
presented,
which
states
that
the
committee
shall
exercise
oversight
over
a
compliance
committee
composed
of
isolux
senior
management.
I
would
move
that
okay.
A
M
A
Okay,
thank
you.
So
so
the
the
next
item
on
the
agenda
is
the
acceptor
report.
But
since
we
are
a
bit
ahead
of
the
schedule,
maybe
we
can
do
a
bit
of
agenda
bus.
So
we
have
a
resolution
later
this
evening
about
the
approval
of
the
of
the
PIR
two
additional
contract.
So
since
we
had
a
meeting
I,
don't
think
we
would
need
the
a
five-minute
executive
session
I
had
scheduled.
Would
everyone
be
comfortable
voting
on
the
resolution
right
now?
J
A
B
Is
approved,
PIR
additional
contracts
resolved
that
the
board
hereby
approves
additional
yeah
resolved
that
the
board
hereby
approves
additional
contracts
between
PIR
and
affiliates,
as
presented
for
a
term
of
one
year
and
I
was
notice.
That
I
would
note
that
we
discussed
this
with
the
PIR
Board
and
they
had
no
objection.
Okay,.
A
So
I
assume
you,
you
moved
on.
Okay,
so
Joe
moves
hurry
seconds.
So,
as
this
has
to
do
with
with
money,
I
will
basically
well.
We
will
pass
the
resolution
by
protocol.
So
I
will,
you
know,
start
with
Waleed
and
then
in
this
order,
so
the
options
is
voting.
Yes,
no
or
abstain.
So
well
it
yes,
Glenn!
Yes,
Hans
Peter,
yes,
Alice!
Yes,
Hiro!
She,
yes
Shawn!
Yes,.
H
A
C
A
J
A
C
A
A
So
I
would
like
to
thank
you
guys
for
having
come
here,
and
this
is
something
that
we
we
are
doing
it
usually
when,
when
we
have
board
meetings
in
different
parts
of
the
world
where
we
have
local
chapters-
and
it's
been
a
really
great
experience
to
understand
what
you
guys
are
up
to
and
what's
going
on
in
the
different
regions,
that's
also
another
region-wide
reason
why
we
are
rotating
our
our
board
meetings
and
we
go
to
different
regions.
So
we
are
looking
forward
to
seeing
what
you
guys
have
to
present.
So
please,
okay,.
N
Great
thank
you
for
having
us
here.
My
name
is
Brian.
I
am
the
program
chair
for
the
local
internet
society
Singapore
chapter.
The
current
president
of
Benjamin
is
a
cybersecurity
expert
in
this
period
of
time
is
really
busy
for
him.
You'll
hear
about
it,
because
Singapore
is
really
in
the
midst
of
revamping
its
cyber
Sutra
in
producing
its
cybersecurity
framework,
so
he
apologizes
that
he
can't
make
it
and
so
I've
been
passed
to
deliver
this
report.
N
I
just
wanted
to
show
you
who
the
office
bearers
are
currently
so,
as
I
said,
Benjamin
is
the
current
president.
The
vice
president
is
uncle.
Uncle
uncle
is
Tara.
Yes,
so
uncle's
our
vice
president
Uncas,
a
lecturer.
He
teaches
law
in
one
of
the
poly
techniques
and
we
have
our
secretary
who's
here.
Sofia
Sofia
is
also
an
academic
with
the
National
University
of
Singapore,
and
we
have
our
treasurer.
Sangeeth
was
not
here.
Sanjeev
is
in
the
IT
industry.
We
have
our
education
chair,
j.j
is
with
Amazon
Cloud
Services
program
chair.
N
That's
me,
Brian
I'm,
a
lawyer.
In
practice
we
have
a
few
other
roles.
Our
webmaster
is
Roland
Turner
he's
a
data
protection
officer.
We
have
our
international
liaison
professor
humpin,
who
are
also
an
academic
it
with
the
Nanyang
Technological
University,
and
we
have
our
honorary
auditor.
Mr.
Harish
Bali
needs
no
introduction
yep,
and
so
you
see
that
we've
been.
F
N
N
N
We
had
a
good
facility
out
in
NTU
are
supporting
us,
so
it's-
and
we
were
a
note,
so
does
well
then
the
next
thing
please
okay.
So
this
is
something
we
tend
to
do
a
lot
of
often
Singapore
a
lot
of
education
and
advocacy
work
and
what
we've
discovered
is.
If
we
are
quite
blessed
in
Singapore,
we
have
quite
a
number
of
ping
tanks,
so
there's
people
out
there
doing
research
on
specific
topics.
This
topic
was
on
the
use
of
internet
in
election
politics.
N
Most
other
groups
in
Singapore
will
never
take
this
topic,
but
we
are
open
for
that,
and
so
we
found
a
group
of
people
who
had
done
research
on
that
and
we
got
them
over
to
present
so
quite
a
unique
topic
on
how
the
internet
affected
the
politic
the
political
elections
that
happen
in
Singapore,
okay.
So
next
one,
the.
N
Terms
of
information
spreading
in
terms
especially
of
how
the
political
parties
were
beginning
to
use
or
the
different
ways
in
which
they
were
using
Internet
and
whether
I
guess
the
essential
question
that
everybody
wanted
to
know
how
big
of
an
effect
was
the
internet
on
the
political
result.
I
said
a
lot
of
echo
chambers
or
is
it
you
know
real
sentiment
on
the
ground,
so
very
interesting.
N
Research
done
from
a
Singapore
angle,
okay,
so
next
one,
we
tend
to
also
do
a
lot
of
feedback
sessions
for
the
government
in
the
sense
where
the
government's
looking
to
change
some
laws,
and
we
see
it
as
part
of
our
role
to
help
collect
the
feedback
from
the
ground,
especially
if
it
involves
the
Internet
community
to
some
extent,
and
so
this
one
was
done
on
proposed
amendments
to
a
Copyright
Act.
The
amendments
that
were
proposed
were
actually
fairly
white.
The
entire
Copyright
Act
was
out
for
change.
N
Well,
if
I
recall,
we
had
like
you,
have
to
split
the
amendments
among
five
lawyers
got
them
in
to
explain
each
portion
and
then
try
to
collect
their
feedback
all
at
one
go.
So
that's
something
something
else:
we
tend
to
do
a
lot
and
that's
something
with
it
last
year.
Next
slide,
please
so
cybersecurity
as
I
mentioned
before
Singapore's
in
the
midst
of
putting
it
at
cybersecurity.
N
Legislation
been
is
in
the
thick
of
it
he's
the
point
person
to
in
one
of
the
think,
tanks
to
collect
all
that
feedback
for
the
government,
and
so
we've
been
quite
active
in
going
out
explaining
to
our
members,
explain
to
even
we
have
a
lot
of
non-members
turning
up
for
these
sessions
to
provide
feedback
on
how
the
cybersecurity
act
will
affect
them
or
whether
it's
been
done
properly.
So
that's
been
quite
active.
We've
also
been
involved
with
consultations
with
the
proposed
regulator.
N
I
think
Harish
himself
personally,
in
also
so,
we've
been
doing
quite
a
lot
of
that
work
in
next
one,
please
yeah.
So,
as
you
can
see,
we
did
a
couple
of
sessions.
I
think
we
did
three
in
all
last
year.
So
what
are
the
unique
things
that
we
found
was
in
Singapore?
We
have
a
membership
of.
You
know
hovering
between
30
40
50
people
when
we
started
combining
if
other
groups
in
this
one
we
combined
with
the
Singapore
Computer
Society
and
the
national
trade
union
Congress,
yet
I
think
about
hundred
and
twenty
people.
N
Turning
up
for
that
so
before
that,
our
reach
was
actually
increasing.
Y
on
our
official
membership
to
this
and
I'll
speak
a
little
bit
about
this
wider
network
later
on.
Ok,
next,
one,
okay!
So
going
on
and
hit
with
our
our
now
partnership,
our
our
joining
the
NTUC
Network
we
get
invited
to
events.
I
think
J
spoke
at
this
event
on
disruption.
N
N
Next,
we
also
tend
to
do
quite
esoteric
topics,
not
the
usual
kind
of
stuff.
You
see
on
the
Internet
Society.
This
one
was
on
disruptive
urban
planning.
So
it's
about
technology
interfacing
with
urban
planning
via
we
got
in
professor
forum
from
an
architectural
background,
and
he
was
actually
sitting
in
Scotland.
He
did
this,
so
we
did
this
over
webinar
that
opened
this
to
the
other
chapters.
Ok,
good!
Next
one.
N
We
do
have
a
lot
of
conferences
that
are
open
in
Singapore.
So,
as
you
know,
this
week
was
also
fin
tech
festival.
Aside
from
IETF,
there
is
a
big
con
exhibition
known
as
communication,
and
we
get
invites
to
also
provide
speakers
for
that.
So
we
had
a
couple
of
guys.
A
Benjamin
in
this
case
was
talking
about
developments
in
cyber
law.
So
again
we
have
a
very
big
audience
for
that.
N
There's
a
big
thing
in
think
about
going
on
about
trying
to
get
our
union
members
who
ordinarily
might
not
be
interested
in
issues
on
the
internet,
but
since
disruption
is
going
to
affect
everyone,
issues
like
cyber
wellness,
cyber
security
start
coming
in
and
so
they're
providing
speakers
to
walk
through
these
new
groups
or
people
to
talk
to
them
about
this
issue.
So
that's
very
much
in
line
with
our
aim
for
education.
He
next
one
okay
here
begin
again
have
the
cybersecurity
act.
So,
as
I
said,
we
did.
N
We've
done
quite
a
number
of
different
items
on
this
next
one.
Okay,
so
for
this
year
we've
already
done
inter-community
2017.
We
also
took
part
in
fin
tech
type
event
called
ensure
bite
and
I
think
we
were
planning
to
take
part
in
the
AIS
asian
internet
symposium,
but
that
hasn't
taken
place
yet
so
those
are
some
of
the
plans.
There
are
a
couple
of
other
plans
that
we
are
looking
at
for
this
year,
so
cyber
security
remains
a
theme
that
will
continue
for
this
year.
N
The
second
thing
is:
we
are
aware
that
there
are
plans
by
various
countries
to
start
introducing
digital
text.
Attacks
on
e-commerce
and
I.
Think
you
think
this
is
an
impact
on
both
small
businesses
that
are
beginning
to
use
the
Internet,
as
well
as
users,
in
terms
of
accessibility
to
arrange
our
products,
especially
they're
carried
by
small
and
medium
enterprises.
They
probably
stopped
carrying
those
products,
so
we
think
that's
that's
an
issue
that
should
be
going
out
there.
N
The
union
has
found
that
the
Congress
has
found
over
time
that
most
of
the
working
population
in
Singapore
has
now
moved
into
non-unionized
positions:
inning
you're
professionals,
your
managers,
your
your
engineers,
your
technicians
and
so
more
people
qualify
not
to
be
union
members.
Then
union
members,
so
a
couple
of
years
ago
they
decided
that
they
need
to
group
all
the
so
called
p.m.
ETS
together
because
they
now
serve.
N
N
One
of
them
be
an
engineer
now,
but
your
job
will
require
perhaps
a
huge
amount
of
computing
knowledge,
maybe
some
knowledge
of
databases,
some
sub
knowledge
of
analytics
and
so
the
need
to
cut
across
other
specialisms.
Other
fields
of
study
or
maybe
are
the
less
informal
fields
of
study
becomes
important
and
that's
where
the
I
saw
plays
a
role
because
we
tend
to
be
a
bit
less
structured.
We
are
not
really
here
to
protect
professions,
we're
not
really
here
to
prove
push
a
profession.
N
We
are
really
here
to
push
the
availability
of
knowledge
for
the
betterment
of
humankind,
and
so
we
yeah
a
lot
more
flexible.
We
tend
to
be
a
lot
more,
the
cutting
edge,
then
most
professional
organizations,
so
we
serve
quite
a
good
function,
and
this
really
allows
us
to
get
exposed
to
a
huge
number
of
people.
The
entire
professional
network
in
there
is
currently
at
about
300,000
people.
So
all
our
activities
not
get
blasted
out
to
those
300,000
people
and
that's
why
we
get
a
much
better
turnout
than
our
own
membership
size.
N
So
I
think
there's
a
lot
of
promise
in
that.
At
the
same
time,
the
leadership
of
the
local
ISO
chapter
will
get
invited.
We
have
been
invited
to
some
of
the
smaller
meetings
where
they
get
out
the
political
leaders
to
explain
some
of
the
government
issues
and
we
get
direct
contact
with
them.
There's
a
lot
of
worry
about
the
issue
of
jobs
and
disruption,
and
so
now
we're
the
forefront
are
providing
our
input
on
that
and
I
think
that's
also
something
that
I
saw
wishes
to
have
for
a
lot
of
its
chapters
day.
N
We
have
some
kind
of
level
of
engagement
with
the
regulators
and
we
are
seeing
to
make
ourselves
available
to
provide
that
level
of
input.
So
you
know
I'm
hopeful
for
the
future
that
that
will
continue
so
far,
I
think
we've
committed
ourselves
quite
well:
we've
been
very
supportive.
We've
been
providing
very
valuable
feedback
on
what
we
feel
the
internet
user
group
in
Singapore
would
look
at
various
issues
so,
and
people
have
found
that
useful.
So
they
continue
to
engage
us
and
to
get
our
view
that
III
think
that
that's
a
good
step
for
the
future.
N
Another
thing
that
I
wanted
to
cover,
which
I've
not
put
on
the
slides,
was
an
issue
that
a
couple
of
us
worked
on
quite
intensively
and
that's
when
a
huge
number
of
Singapore
users
were
sent
letters
by
lawyers
regarding
downloading
and
it's
a
it's
a
touchy
issue,
because,
yes,
downloading
illegal
movies
is
wrong.
But
there
is
also
you
know:
issues
like
whether
the
remedy
sought
were
appropriate,
whether
the
method
sought
in
getting
their
information
and
sending
them
are.
N
The
months
were
appropriate
and
the
local
chapter
here
felt
that
we
had
to
get
sufficient
information
out
to
help
any
users
that
were
faced
with
this
issue.
Some
adequate
help,
because
a
lot
of
them
were
unable
to
secure
adequate
legal
advice.
So
Haresh
in
renewal,
Benjamin
myself,
we
played
quite
a
key
role.
In
first,
we
recorded
a
video
that
mimicked
the
entire
system.
N
The
entire
process
Haresh
made
a
complaint
against
the
lawyers
for
overreaching,
and
we
also
provided
some
technical
advice
in
some
of
the
cases
that
went
and
I'm
happy
to
announce
that
we've
at
least
managed
to
raise
that
profile
in
the
eyes
of
the
public
and
so
far
as
far
as
we
know,
no
users
have
been
wrongly
accused
of
downloading
material.
So
everyone
looks
quite
happy
and
I
think
that
gets
us
a
good
profile
within
the
community
and
the
people
agree
that
we
of
some
utility
so
and
that's
important,
I
think
other
than
that
Sophia
Jade.
N
C
Thank
you
very
much
for
the
presentation
and
I
commend
you
for
for
your
hard
work.
How
I
would
like
to
know
how?
How
do
you
relate
with
the
members
of
your
chapter
if
you
have
newsletters
or
if
you
do,
meetings
for
the
full
membership
just
to
share
it?
Some
experience
with
our
chapter.
We
have
members
from
the
city,
but
also
a
continuous,
a
large
country,
so
we
have
members
from
the
interior
and
we
also
have
members
from
other
countries
in
the
region.
So
sometimes
it's
hard
to
get
a
strong
link
with
all
of
them.
N
With
us,
so
how
do
we
keep
in
touch
with
the
membership
so
that
I
think
the
three
primary
ways?
One
we've
got
a
Facebook
page
going,
but
that's
mainly
entertainment
picture
value.
We
have
also
an
email
blast
going
out
so
automatically
to
the
whole
group
about
anything
that
we
feel
the
entire
group
needs
to
know.
It's
we're
a
bit
fortunate,
because
Singapore
is
not
that
big
a
place
so
45-minute
commute
basically
gets
you
from
one
place
in
Singapore
to
any
other
place
in
Singapore,
and
so
it's
quite
easy
to
get
together
to
get
people
together.
N
N
Haresh
has
kindly
or
opened
his
office
for
most
of
them,
so
he
had
to
have
a
lot
of
meetings
at
his
office
and
I
said
we
said:
leave
you
also
have
our
meetings
NTUC.
They
are
all
downtown
location,
so
we're
quite
fortunate
to
be
have
this
resource
and
you
know
I
think
I
charge
a
very
low
rate
on
no
or
for
free.
So
that
has
helped
us
quite
a
lot.
I
think.
H
N
We
certainly
see
the
flow
of
new
blood
and
maybe
that's
a
function
of
Singapore,
because
a
Singapore
is
quite
an
open
country.
So
we
have
a
lot
of
people
joining
the
chapter
because
simply
because
they've
moved
into
the
country
and
they've
been
a
member
in
another
chapter
somewhere
and
so
they're
looking
up
for
the
chapter,
so
we
they're
naturally
getting
that
that
kind
of
talent
coming
in
they're
already
familiar
with
the
whole
iStock
set
up,
and
so
you
know
they
made
themselves
available
so
that
that's
really
helpful.
N
In
addition,
I
think
we
also
have
more
and
more
people
who
are
beginning
to
learn
about
us
and
identify
us.
That's
helped
a
lot
because
I
think
right
now
we
get
a
fair
amount
of
queries
from
the
press,
the
press.
When
there's
an
internet
issue,
do
they
always
want
to
hear
the
view
from
the
Internet
users
and
really
you
know,
I'm
sure
in
Singapore,
as
well
as
in
many
places.
There
is
no
other
group
who
can
say
we
are
a
group
of
Internet
users,
organized
group
of
Internet
users,
except
for
I
sock.
N
So
are
we
getting
a
fair
amount
of
press
quotes
that
they
put
in,
and
so
members
of
the
Executive
Committee
will
get
quoted
in
a
press
day
that
again
gives
us
an
additional
visibility,
attracts
new
members
into
the
chapter,
and
so
we've
been
fortunate
I
think
it's
personally
my
view
for
every
organization.
It's
it's
quite
essential
to
have
a
constant
rotation
of
people,
the
same
girl
of
people
there
does
you
know
all
the
time
in
doing
the
same
thing
tends
to
get
stale
quite
quickly.
N
So
by
rotating
that
you
know
you,
you
ensure
that
you
get
a
lot
of
fresh
ideas
in
and
haven't
really
quite
seen
the
effects
of
a
lack
of
community
I.
Don't
think,
we've
seen
that
and
I
think
that's
partly
because
the
previous
committee
members
tend
to
still
remain
involved
in
some
capacity.
We
get
them
to
be
involved
in
some
capacity
and
so
that
that's
helpful
for
continuity,
but
yeah.
L
Yes,
thank
you
so
much
for
such
a
good
presentation,
I.
Think
I
was
we
were
here
three
years
ago
and
I.
Remember
then
the
chapter
gave
a
I
think
every
maybe
was
the
head
of
the
chapter
at
the
time
and
I.
Remember
thinking
my
goodness
how
smart
you
are
and
you're
still
smart,
you're
still
one
of
my
favorite
groups,
because
you're
thinking
all
the
time
about
you
know,
what's
next
I
think
being
here
in
Singapore
to
your
points,
it's
a
open.
L
It's
an
open
society
and
you
get
to
do
a
lot
of
this
work
in
a
pretty
spectacular
way.
When
I'm,
looking
at
all
the
chapters
that
are
in
this
region,
it
I
wonder
about
how
you
can
share
what
you're
doing
in
your
the
kind,
the
kinds
of
things
you're
pursuing
are
being
pursued
all
over
the
world
right
in
here
in
this
region,
they're
particularly
important
you've
gone
through
three
consults
on
cyber
seat.
Cyber
security
and
I
suspect.
You
have
now
a
lot
of
knowledge,
I'm
wondering
whether
you
are
using
the
internet.
L
N
He's
why
I
would
admit
we
haven't
really
thought
about
that.
But
I
agree.
If
you
I
think
in
Singapore
we
tend
to
be
what
I
call
the
bird
Park
and
let
me
explain
a
lot
of
countries,
including
Singapore,
build
the
bird
pocket
at
the
edge
of
the
country,
and
the
idea
is
that
if
you
know
something
goes
wrong,
there's
some
kind
of
you
know
nuclear
fallout.
N
You
know
poison
gas
attack
when
the
birds
start
falling,
then
you
realize
that,
and
so
Singapore
is
kind
of
like
the
bird
park
for
the
Internet,
because
we
tend
get
the
advance
issues
in
the
internet
a
bit
before
the
rest
of
the
countries,
partly
because
we're
connected,
maybe
because
we
are
suckers,
but
we
certainly
see
ish
issues
like
you
know.
Singapore
is
right
at
the
forefront
of
cybersecurity
because
we
are
one
of
the
most
hit
countries
or
the
most
targeted
countries.
N
You
seem
to
get
all
these
downloading
issues
because
we
are
you
download
a
lot
and
we
are
fairly
rich,
so
no
straight-up
target.
So
we
tend
to
get
most
of
these
advanced
issues
before
the
other
countries
and
you
should
be
opening
and
sharing
our
experiences
with
them.
Should
they
arise,
and
so
that's
certainly
a
thought.
I
think
you
know
the
consulate.
N
To
think
about
how
we
can
then
extend
that
meet
the
resources
available,
what
we
do
try
to
do
is
every
consult
that
we
do.
We
try
to
stream
that
or
record
that
and
then
put
that
on
so
at
least
that's
available,
but
I
think
making
available
also
the
other
experiences
if
they're
not
recorded
even
they're,
recorded
they're.
Still,
you
know
metadata
under
that
that
we
can
share.
We
should
think
about
how
we
can
then
share
that
kind
of
knowledge.
Well,.
L
I
would
be
very
curious
whether
you
could
pull
off
a
kind
of
mini
inter-community.
Can
you
imagine
just
you
know
in
your
region,
which
is
quite
large.
It's
not
like
you're
all
cuddled
together,
but
you
I
think
we
have
quite
a
number
of
chapters
in
this
region
and
it
would
be
just
fascinating
and
you
could
rotate
leadership
on
some
things.
You
know
and
get
smarter
and
smarter
and
then
help
us.
The
other
regions,
I.
N
N
A
A
Jokes
aside,
I
mean
thanks
a
lot.
It's
it's
I
mean
really
good
to
see
you
now
snapshot
of
what
you
guys
have
been
doing,
and
oh
yeah
I
mean
some
new
ideas
to
maybe
try
and
check.
You
know
what
could
be
possible
because
that
that
sounds
yeah
actually
I
mean
potentially
useful.
Absolutely
okay,
so
thank
you
very
much.
I
mean
please
stick
around
because
the
idea
is
to
have
also
some
social
time
with
you
guys.
I
A
You
Willie
okay,
so
we
had
a
really
good
presentation
by
the
Singapore
chapter
and
we
had
a
break
with
them
to
socialize
a
bit
and
get
to
know
them
a
bit
better
and
and
I
think
that
was
useful.
So
now
we're
in
point
number,
eight
of
the
agenda
and
in
the
inter
community
meeting
that
we
had
a
couple
of
months
ago,
we
were
saying
that
you
know
our
idea
is
to
strengthen
our
regional
operations
and
as
part
of
that,
we
we
already
met
our
regional
team
in
in
Kenya.
A
Last
time
we
went
there
and
and
I
think
the
whole
board
thought.
That
was
a
really
great
experience
to
know
our
you
know
regional
operations
there
to
know
a
bit
more.
You
know
what
they
were
doing
so
so
we
thought
you
know.
Organizing
something
similar
now
that
we
are
here
in
Singapore
would
be
would
be
great.
So
we
have
our
team
here,
and
you
know
you
have
90
minutes
to.
Let
us
know
you
know
what
you
have
been
up
to
so
rest.
Please
thank.
O
O
O
O
O
I've
asked
all
the
teams
to
speak,
so
you
get
to
hear
from
them
directly,
instead
of
me
typing
on
for
an
hour
and
a
half
and
the
plan
basically
is
they'll
each
cover
things
that
they're
doing,
but
there's
not
a
bit
of
what
else
the
region
is
doing
as
well,
so
Kevin
could
I
have
the
first
slide,
so
just
a
snapshot
of
what
the
region
looks
like
for
us
in
numbers.
Basically,
so
we
have
about
31
percent
of
the
global
individual
members
who
reside
in
this
region.
Oh
say
that
they
reside
in
this
region.
O
We've
had
about
15
percent
year-on-year
growth,
that's
been
relatively
steady,
it
fluctuates
between
about
15
to
18.
So
last
year
was
over
80
and
15%
growth.
We
have
22
chapters.
The
most
recent,
of
course,
is
from
India
from
Mumbai
and
just
prior
to
that
we
have
got
a
son
come
along
so
which
I
think
was
quite
interesting.
As
you
all
know,
a
lot
of
turmoil.
How
would
he
is
so
being
able
to
assist
them?
I
think
it's
been
quite
useful
as
well
and
we'll
see
what
we
can
do
with
them.
O
Going
forward
chapter
members
just
over
seventeen
and
a
half
thousand.
Of
course
not
all
individual
members
belong
to
a
chapter.
So
it's
a
subset
and
organizational
members.
We
have
twenty
in
the
region
as
well,
so
it
is
also
relatively
healthy
and
that's
been
fairly
constant
between
fifteen
and
twenty
over
the
years.
O
Singapore
course
is
our
spiritual
home
for
the
APEC
team
being
the
hub
of
the
region
and
we've
been
operational
here
since
2011,
we
have
a
very
close
relationship
with
a
lot
of
Singaporeans,
including
of
course
Harish
on
the
board,
but
as
well
with
EDB,
which
is
the
economic
development
board,
who
were
quite
instrumental
in
helping
us
establish
our
operations.
Here,
the
team
itself
is
spread
across
the
region.
There
is
Noel
who's
based
in
the
Philippines
there's
Naveed
who's
on
zoom'.
Today,
he's
based
in
Pakistan
there's
off
table
whose
base
in
Australia
they
super
she's
who's.
O
O
We
have
Olivia,
so
Olivia
is
actually
not
an
employee
she's,
a
part-time
contracted
to
us,
but
I
thought
I
would
acknowledge
the
fact
that
she
actually
does
a
lot
for
I
saw
including
way
beyond
what
we
you
know
what
we
remunerated
here
for
so
she
I
would
call
her
an
integral
part
of
the
team,
although
I
should
just
put
the
disclaimer
she's,
not
actually
an
employer,
so
she's
she's
a
part-time
contractor.
We
of
course
have
two
board
members,
also
in
the
region
saki-san
and
Harish
in
Japan
and
Singapore
respectively.
Next
slide,
please!
O
O
The
main
members
of
the
team
and
he's
telling
me
he's
catching
up
to
us.
You
know
sir
next
slide,
please
excite
again
so
I
wanted
to
give
you
an
idea
for
what
the
region
is
May,
a
straight
off
as
I'm
sure
you
all
know.
Half
the
world
lives
in
this
region,
half
though
in
fact
more
than
half
the
world's
economy,
now
with
China
and
India
and
Japan,
really
taking
off
in
many
ways
is
in
the
region
but
as
well.
Geographically,
it's
also
half
the
world.
O
It's
most
people
don't
realize,
because
when
you
look
at
the
whole
map,
you
know
it's
dependable
way.
You
look
at
it
from
its
cue
in
a
very
different
way,
when
you
see
the
top
right-hand
box
that
I've
put
out
with
that
right
angle,
arrow
pointing
to
it
that's
the
Pacific
Ocean
and
that's
actually
30
percent
of
the
Earth's
surface.
If
we
took
all
the
continents
of
the
world
and
we
took
Greenland
as
well
and
we
throw
it
into
the
Pacific
Ocean,
there's
still
space
left.
O
So,
just
to
give
you
an
idea
of
how
vast
that
ocean
is-
and
you
know,
Asia
Pacific
and,
of
course,
is
the
Asia
side
of
it
as
well,
which
is
quite
significant
in
itself.
Another
bit
of
trivia,
which
and
I
may
be
saying
something
you
already
know
Australia
is
bigger
than
the
continental
US
in
terms
of
geography.
So
when
you
fly
from
Sydney
to
Singapore,
for
example
before
now,
if
ours
you
see
the
flag
of
Australia
and
then
this
is
2
and
1/2
hours
3
hours,
you
go
over
Southeast
area
and
up
in
Singapore.
O
So
just
the
vastness
is
interesting,
my
friend
off
table
who
is
Pakistani
by
origin,
but
he
lives
in
Australia.
Now
we've
been
doing
some
work
in
Pakistan
setting
up
IXPs
and
so
on.
When
he
has
to
travel
to
Pakistan.
It
takes
him
20
hours
to
travel
there.
Of
course
it
takes
us
12
hours
to
go
to
the
west
coast
of
the
u.s.
from
Sydney
but
20
hours
to
get
to
Pakistan.
So
again,
just
to
give
you
an
idea
next
slide,
please
hope,
sort
of
late.
O
You
know
I
once
said
the
foundation,
but
then
it
just
made
you
realize
you
know
we
sometimes
tend
to
forget
looking
at
maps
and
moving
going
to
countries
and
how
big
places
are
one
of
the
challenges
we
of
course
have
in
the
region.
You
know
it's
a
large
region,
lots
of
more
than
half
the
world's
languages,
it's
very
diverse.
Getting
the
places
is
hard.
O
You
know
you
we
heard
from
the
Singapore
chapter
before
on
how
they
have
to
deal
with
the
cutting
edge
of
issues,
but
in
this
region
we
have
all
sides
of
that
spectrum
right.
We've
got
the
most
advanced
countries
like
Singapore
in
Japan,
for
example,
but
at
the
other
end
of
the
spectrum,
with
what
countries
like
North
Korea
have
got.
Laos
and
Myanmar
Burma
used
to
be
in
that
category
as
well,
but
of
course,
they
have
gone
ahead
and
leaps
and
bounds
after
the
reforms
in
that
country.
O
But
the
fact
remains
if
the
spectrum
is
huge
and
that
sometimes
force
presents
to
be
a
challenge
because,
as
you
can
see,
we're
a
team
of
five
that
covers
this
region,
we
have
to
be
very
dynamic
and
how
we
approach
things.
We
tend
to
have
the
need
to
know
far
more
than
what
we
normally
would
have
to
know
in
a
similar
position,
a
role
somewhere.
You
have
to
understand
the
cultural
nuances.
We
have
to
understand
the
historical
context.
Sometimes
when
we
go
into
a
country,
you
know
why
are
things
the
way
they
are?
O
Why
do
they
react
to
certain
things?
Why
are
they
so
insistent
on
doing
things
a
certain
way
you
know
so
this
geopolitical
issues,
this
historical
context,
cultural
issues,
so
it
becomes
quite
interesting
sometimes,
but
you
know
I
think
I
would
speak
on
behalf
of
the
team
to
say
that
this
is
asia-pacific.
We
are
this
region
and
we
love
this
region.
That's
why
we
do
what
we
do.
O
I
think
everyone
on
this
team
puts
in
a
lot
of
hours
and
effort
and
passion
in
trying
to
make
things
for
ISIL,
but
that's
a
thing
also,
because
we
also
believe
in
what
I
so
kids
and
what
it
does
and
and
what
it
you
know
what
the
Internet
has
done
for
the
world
and
so
much
more
yet
to
come.
So
I
just
wanted
to
reiterate
that
at
this
juncture,
I
also
want
to
call
us
the
fact
that
you
know
you'll
see
a
lot
of
things
we'll
talk
about
today.
O
Some
of
you
may
be
on
our
newsletters
and
so
on.
We
see
the
activities
we're
doing
throughout
the
year.
You
know
all
that
cannot
and
when
all
these
folks,
this
team
of
mine
do
what
they
do.
You
know
it's
not
about
me
it's
about
these
guys
who
make
it
happen
so
I
just
like
take
our
as
that.
You
know
it's
the
team
that
makes
it
happen
and,
of
course,
there's
other
parts
of
ice
up
as
well,
which
pitch
in
to
help
us
to
do
what
we're
able
to
do
and
then,
of
course,
we've
our
chapters.
O
You
will
see
that
when
we
start
talking
up
why
the
work
we
do,
the
chapters
are
actually
an
integral
part
of
nearly
everything
we
do.
The
chapter
workshop
yesterday,
the
Singapore
chapter
made
a
very
significant
part,
including
doing
the
closing
the
privacy
workshops
we've
had
in
other
parts
of
the
region.
Similarly,
the
Hong
Kong
chapter
hosted
one
and
digital
accessibility
workshop.
The
Jakarta
chapter
hosted
that
so
so
we
won't
make
specific
references
to
check
this,
because
the
work
we
do
is
with
chapters
not
as
something
we
do
on
the
side.
O
So
I
just
wanted
to
also
make
that
quite
clear.
One
of
the
tools
that
we
developed
internally
within
the
team
that
this
used
to
be
an
internal
to
you
know
the
three
for
first
sitting
in
a
room
deciding
what
does
this
region
face?
What
are
the
challenges?
You
know,
we
would
like
to
think
we're
smart
enough
and
clued
in
enough
to
figure
that
out,
but
we
also
realized
that
the
lead
reading
is
to
die
was
in
to
vasts.
O
So
we
started
doing
this
survey,
which
cited
life
as
I
said
as
an
internal
informational
tool
for
words
which
would
put
out
to
our
community.
So
roughly
three-quarters
of
the
responses
come
from
our
member
community
and
about
a
quote
that
comes
from
non-members
and
basically
what
we
ask
them
to
do
is
you
know,
tell
us:
what
are
the
issues
that
you
see
you're
facing
acceptor
acceptor
in
the
region?
So
we
now
call
it
the
survey
of
Internet
policy
issues
in
Asia
Pacific,
but
four
years
ago
we
started
life
very
differently.
O
We
realize
it
when
we
started
talking
about
these
things.
At
other
events,
people
saying:
okay,
we
have
the
report,
we
say
well,
no,
because
it's
something
we
use
internally.
I
said
no.
No,
we
want
to
see
your
report,
so
we
started
publishing
it.
So
you'll
see
that
on
the
ass
of
website,
now
it's
available
what
we've
done
start
coming
out
very
well,
but
for
the
past
four
years
we've
actually
put
up
what
the
top
post
issues,
people
that
have
identified
since
2014
and
you'll
see
that
at
least
two-thirds
of
them
have
remained
the
same.
O
When
the
security
issues,
access
connectivity
issues
and
privacy
has
always
been
there
as
well
for
this
year
for
2017,
cyber
security
was
number
one.
Access
was
number
two
and
funnily
enough.
Trust
in
excess
are
the
two
things
I
shock
focuses
on.
So
you
know
that
again
was
a
sanity
check
for
that.
Yes,
you
made.
The
right
decision
is
the
right
buckets
we
should
be
looking
at,
and
then
data
production,
connectivity
and
privacy
of
course
came
in
is
they
are
the
three
on
that
list?
O
I
mean
if
you
haven't
seen
this
we'd
be
happy
to
send
it
out
to
the
board
or
get
in
touch
with
us
we'd
be
happy
to
give
that
to
you.
I
think
it's
interesting
reading,
if
you
want
to
you,
know,
get
a
snapshot
of
what's
happening
on
the
region
and
I
know
we
had
40
economies
this
year
with
over
two
thousand
respondents,
so
the
region
is
too
big
to
claim
that
that
represents
the
whole
region,
but
I
think
it's
a
nice
summary
kind
of
snapshot
that
we
get
from
that
before
I
hand.
O
You
all,
of
course,
know
about
the
community
community
networks
program
that
I
serve
is
near
doing
at
the
global
level,
but
we
actually
started
that
off
in
2010
in
Asia,
so
we've
been
doing
it
for
over
seven
years
now
it
has
won
two
international
awards,
one
including
one
from
our
friends
at
ITU,
which
is
quite
nice
one.
They
gave
us
that
recognizing
the
fact
that
it
does
make
a
difference
and
an
impact
on
the
ground
and
the
second
award
was
from
an
organization
called
public
affairs
Asia,
which
is
about
media
engagement
and
policy
engagement.
O
So
again,
two
very
different
organizations
gave
us
through
those
two
words:
the
difference
between
this
project
and
how
we
brought
this
to
life.
Was
you
know,
throwing
in
building
connectivity
dropping
in
a
network
is
easy.
You
know
it's
tribulus
of
these
days,
but
it's
what
people
do
with
that
connectivity
when
they
have
it
and
that's
where
we
put
a
lot
of
focus
in
so
it
you
know.
Yes,
we
deploy
the
infrastructure,
but
that's
a
very
small
part
of
what
we
do.
O
What
is
actually
about
is
you
know
what
contents
and
services
do
people
need
to
be
able
to
use
that
infrastructure
and
to
better
their
lives?
You
know
improve
socio-economic
development
and
so
on
so
know,
there's
digital
literacy.
We
do
as
an
example.
We
teach
in
some
instances,
we've
taught
there
macro
intrapreneurship
skills,
we've
helped
them
bring
their
handicrafts
and
autocratic
crafts,
arts
and
crafts
online,
so
they
can
sell
it
digitally
without
going
through
a
middleman.
You
know-
and
you
know,
each
location
has
been
somewhat
different
in
how
that's
been
addressed.
O
There's
lots
of
literature
with
Brad
on
this,
these
little
stories,
little
snapshot
so
again,
if
you're
interested
in
that
I'd
be
happy
to
send
that
out
to
the
board-
and
you
may
have
already
seen
some
of
that
actually
and
one
very
big
thing
we
focus
on
was
women.
Empowerment
in
much
of
the
much
of
this
workforce
has
happened
in
South
Asia,
as
you
know,
there's
cultural
conditions
and
historical
issues
and
contexts
that
come
into
play,
which
sometimes
don't
really
empower
women
to
be
able
to
reach
their
full
potential.
O
So
one
of
the
key
focus
areas
for
us
always
has
been
that
women,
empowerment
angle,
the
other
issue,
of
course,
this
and
I
those
who
wear
the
omec
meeting
I
said
that
there
as
well
and
I'll,
say
it
again
today
in
some
parts
of
the
region,
you
know
being
born
a
girl.
Would
she
let
the
disadvantage
of
the
day
you
were
born
so
this
year?
What
we've
done
is
that
we
have
in
in
one
of
the
sites
and
with
one
of
our
partners
and
with
the
involvement
of
the
government,
actually,
which
is
quite
nice.
O
Yeah,
but
you
know-
and
you
see
the
girls
soul
focused
on
what
is
being
told
to
them.
The
idea
is
to
help
supplement
their
math
science
and
things
they
learn
in
as
part
of
normal
curriculum,
but
it's
not
teaching
them
what
they
already
learned.
So
we've
partnered
with
a
local
educational
institution
which
had
developed
some
supplementary
education
tools
for
kids.
O
So
this
is
what
we're
trying
out,
and
the
idea
is
that
in
two
years
from
now,
we
hope
to
be
able
to
measure
what
performance
improvements
has
happened,
but
it's
again
trying
to
ensure
that
those
girls
have
that
great
opportunity
which
they
don't
have,
because
they
need
to
go
straight
back
to
home
and
do
whatever
they
need
to
do.
But
this
gives
them
an
opportunity
to
expand
their
learning
a
little
bit,
so
we
do
have
a
login
to
what
them
do
an
instruction.
Of
course
it
happens
in
Pakistan
time,
but
everyone's
interested.
O
O
So
let
me
talk
about
those
two
pitches
on
the
right
hand
side,
so
they
sketchy
on
the
top
and
there's
me
at
the
bottom
there,
when
the
kids
were
told
that
you
know
these
are
the
people
who
have
brought
you
Internet
and
and
the
world
of
YouTube
and
Google
and
Facebook,
and
all
that
they
went
simply
nuts.
On
the
bottom
picture,
you
see
me
standing
with
the
camera.
O
One
of
the
classrooms
where
we've
outfitted
the
school
and
you
see
all
those
kids-
it
allows
new
girls,
as
you
can
see,
sitting
very
patiently
waiting
for
the
end
of
the
computer.
They
get
10
minutes
during
lunch
time,
each
they
time
each
other.
They
get
upset
if
the
other
ones
taken
11
minutes
and
there's
a
bit
of
tussle
and
hustle.
But
you
know
it
was
so
nice
to
see
that
you
know
what
does
it
mean
for
them?
O
You
know,
and
sometimes
we
I
think
in
the
world
we
live
in
and
that
work
we
do
we
get
a
bit
complacent
and
not
realizing
or
how
something
like
that
makes
such
a
big
difference
at
the
most
rural
and
remote
places
of
the
world.
And
of
course
the
same
is
all
across
the
region.
It's
not
just
Asia
right.
There
are
the
regions
in
the
world
which
have
similar
circumstances,
so
it's
great
to
see
very
quickly,
see
a
little
van
in
the
middle
picture.
O
There
that's
our
latest
project
that
is
in
a
place
called
cut
in
Rajasthan
India
Oh
in
Gujarat
India.
Actually
so
it's
a
desert
area
that
region
produces
I,
think
it's
60
or
70
percent
of
India's
salt.
So
it's
a
salt
mining
area.
The
problem
is
the
people
who
mined
that
salt
who
have
been
doing
it
for
hundreds
of
years,
don't
exist
in
the
census.
Okay,
so
for
the
Indian
government,
these
people
don't
exist
technically
they're
a
nomadic
group.
O
So
when
the
rains
come
the
whole
area,
floods
and
they
move
out
when
the
monsoon
season
is
gone,
they
move
back
in
to
mind
the
salt,
because
they're
nomadic
in
that
respect.
The
whole
family
moves
with
them
when
they
go
and
they
now
go
from
place
to
place
in
this
big
desert
area
to
mind
the
salt
and
then
move
on
to
the
next
one
and
the
next
one
and
the
next
one.
O
The
kids
don't
have
an
education
because
they're
just
tagging,
along
with
the
parents,
filling
the
sex
with
salt
and
whatever
they
need
to
do
so
with
some
of
our
local
partners
and
I
actually
read
about
this
going
on
a
plane
and
they
talked
about
the
beauty
of
Kutch.
But
right
at
the
bottom
of
that
article
was
this
thing
about
this.
You
know
there's
the
passing
mention
of
these
people,
who
are
nomadic
and
doing
exist
in
the
census.
So
I
took
your
friend
of
mine
and
I
said.
O
That
is
sitting
on
a
camera
tripod,
because
you
know
we
try
and
be
frugal
in
how
we
do
stuff
that
camera
tripod
is
then
wound
around
to
try
and
locate
the
signal
because
our
back
hole,
you
know,
depending
on
where
the
van
is
we
go
to
see
our
antenna
right
and
that's
how
we
do
it,
so
it
is
using
very
you
know
whatever
we
could
find
locally
to
build
it,
because
it's
also
a
desert
and
highly
salt
salt
climate
is
full
of
salt,
so
things
start
to
corrode
very
quickly.
So
that's
an
interesting
project.
O
It's
just
going
to
its
final
stages
now
and
we
hope
to
put
out
some
literature
on
that
early
in
the
new
year.
So
I'm
sure
that's
something
you,
as
the
board
may
very
well
want
to
talk
about
as
you
travel
the
world
and
do
the
things
you
do
and
how
we
can
will
make
a
difference
in
all
sorts
of
conditions.
Next
factious
right,
so
I
will
now
stop.
Thank
you
for
listening
to
me
for
a
while
and
I
will
hand
over
to
the
youngest
kid
on
the
block.
P
Thank
You
reg
and
thank
you
all
of
you
for
giving
me
the
opportunity
to
speak
so
in
terms
of
the
region.
As
I
read,
explain
it's
really
vast.
We
have
so
many
islands
that
are
literally
disconnected
from
each
other
and
and
the
region
is
extremely
diverse,
linguistically,
culturally
and
ethnically,
and
and
that
brings
a
lot
of
challenges
and
a
lot
of
new
opportunities
next
slide.
Please
one
of
the
regions
is
the
for
one
of
the
four
regions
in
South
Asia,
where
we
had
the
majority
of
the
chapters.
P
Eleven
chapters
and
twenty
thousand-plus
members
out
of
them.
13,000
are
part
of
the
chapters
and,
if
you
look
at
the
internet,
penetration
is
really
low,
28%
and
goes
all
the
way
down
to
eleven
point:
seven
percent
in
Afghanistan
all
the
way
higher
to
thirty
eight
point:
four
percent
and
that's
really
really
less
in
Bangladesh
and
the
mobile
penetration,
as
you
can
see
in
most
of
these
regions,
really
high
is
100%
in
a
Sri
Lanka.
Our
next
slide
please
and
the
Southeast
Asia.
P
The
population
is
648
million
and
we
have
five
chapters
in
the
region
and,
as
you
can
see,
the
entrance
penetration
is
really
high
in
most
of
these
places
and
and
the
mobile
part
of
the
mobile
penetration,
the
intern
penetration
is
also
really
high,
and
the
mobile
penetration
in
the
region
is
more
than
100
percent
next
slide.
Please.
P
Oceania
is
is
one
of
the
most
challenging
regions
for
us,
because
most
of
these
places
are
literally
disconnected
from
each
other.
They
have
very
unique
cultures
and
everything
and
they
all
speak
different
languages.
Also,
some
of
the
most
poppin
again,
for
example,
has
world's
largest
most
like
distinct
languages
in
the
region
and
and
that
kind
of
brings
a
lot
of
challenges.
P
We
had
just
one
chapter
for
the
Pacific
Islands
and
when
in
Australia,
Australia
kind
of
is,
is
really
taking
up
when
it
comes
to
the
internet
penetration
when
the
islands
is
really
really
low,
so
the
average
might
look
really
really
really
good
68%
and
the
mobile
penetration
is
100%.
But
if
you,
when
you
look
when
you
take
out
Australia
and
New
Zealand,
it
comes
down
to
really
really
less
next
slide.
P
Please
in
East
Asia
is
again
really
challenging
for
us
for
us,
because
we
only
have
one
chapter
in
Taiwan
and
we
don't
yet
have
any
chapter
in
China
and
the
population
is
really
high.
1.6
3
billion
the
internet
penetration
is
also
quite
high,
and
the
mobile
penetration
most
regions
are
really
really
had
most
mostly
more
than
100
percent,
and
the
average
is
is
again
really
have
138
percent
next
slide.
Please,
and
after
would
be
speaking
about
the
internet,
landscape.
Q
Hello,
everyone
I,
am
a
stop
Siddiqui
for
those
of
you
who
are
not
familiar
with
me.
First
time
meeting
most
of
you,
so
thank
you
so
much
for
giving
me
this
opportunity
so
I'm,
just
taking
further
to
what
Raaj
explained
about
the
region.
So
I'll
just
talk
about
further
the
internet
development
in
this
region.
So
next
IP,
as
I,
explained
like
a
root
of
the
2/3
of
the
population
of
the
world,
lives
in
this
region
and
it's
just
vast
region.
Q
So
no
wonder
we
have
the
problem
of
capacity
and
that's
why
new
submarine
cables
are
coming
in
at
quite
rapid
rate
rate,
but
the
problem
is
still
like.
Capacity
is
the
biggest
issue.
We
have
a
30%
growth
in
this
region
in
terms
of
new
submarine
cables
and
it
is,
is
expected
to
grow
up
to
40%
in
next
five
years
and
there's
been.
There
are
some
very
interesting
facts
about
this
region.
No
wonder
the
biggest
region
in
terms
of
the
capacity
this
still
transatlantic,
but
the
next
is
intra
Asia.
It's
not
trans-pacific.
Q
Q
This
is
a
very
interesting
slide
it
it's.
So
you
can
see.
We
still
have
our
large
population
using
2g
networks
here,
but
the
trend
is
changing
quite
rapidly,
so
it's
from
2g
to
3G
and
then
for
gene.
So
if
you,
if
you
focus
on
the
headline
heading
at
the
moments,
mobile
first
mobile,
only
region
as
I,
said
that
there
are
problem
with
the
connectivity
and
the
access
technology
and
that's
what
we
saw
in
our
surveys
in
in
the
last
three
four
years.
Q
Q
If
you
all
know
what
happened
on
11th
of
November
in
China,
that
was
the
single
single
sale
day
in
China
started
by
Alibaba,
and
if
you
know
the
stats,
they
did
twenty
five
point:
three
billion
sale
in
24
hours.
Well,
we
all
know
about
Alibaba,
but
on
a
side
line.
What
happened
there
is
another
company
called
JD,
so
JD
dot-com
dead,
nineteen
point,
five
billion
sale
as
well.
Q
So
that
is
the
amount
of
sales
you
can
generate
from
one
country
and
it
is
still
very
specific,
very
concentrated
in
China,
most
of
the
sales
was
in
side,
china,
otherwise
to
25
countries
and
territories
were
involved
in
this
is
but
still
people
within
the
China
were
buying
it
and
just
to
on
a
very
unrelated
note,
just
to
throw
an
idea.
So
what
people
were
buying
in
China
from
outside
was
a
very
different
kind
of
stuff.
They
were
buying
multivitamins.
Q
They
were
buying
baby
food
if
they
were
buying
baby
pampers,
so
they
were
buying
from
China
and
this
all
these
stats
were
listed
by
Alibaba
themselves
and
from
China
people
were
buying
woolen,
clothing,
sweaters,
cardigans
and
mobile
phones,
of
course.
So,
and
they
did
one
point
four
eight
billion
predictions,
that's
the
huge
amount
of
transaction
you
can
do
in
one
day,
that's
again
a
world
record
by
all
standards.
So
this
is
the
number
of
this
is.
Q
This
is
the
capacity
we
are
talking
about
in
this
region
and
it
states
only
China
next,
so
that
was
the
connectivity
and
number
of
transaction.
Now,
let's
talk
about
the
ipv6,
which
is
quite
dear
to
us
and
me
for
for
for
quite
many
years
now,
not
a
very
good
number
so
far,
but
things
are
changing
in
our
region.
If
you
take,
if
you
talk
about
the
Asia,
it's
still
it's
around
fifteen
percent,
not
more
than
that,
but
it's
changing
quite
rapidly.
Q
Q
They
launched
their
services
last
year
and
they
were
ipv6
only
and
they
change
the
course
of
whole
Asia
in
just
one
go
so
now
in
the
assets
on
in
the
map
all
around
the
world,
that's
its
own
second
number
out
right
after
Belgium,
so
they
have
the
maximum
number
of
ipv6
user
in
the
whole
world
and
respect
to
the
with
respect
to
the
Asia.
Nobody
else
is
doing
a
good
job
as
India
is
doing
the
next
one
is
Japan.
Of
course
they
have
a
very
steady
growth
and
they
are
doing
remarkably
well.
Q
All
across
the
region
we
have
Thailand
and
Malaysia
catching
up
on.
The
other
side
is
Oceania.
Even
if
you
look
at
the
Oceania,
the
map
Australia
New
Zealand
is
green,
but
it
is
relative
to
the
region.
So
if
you
look
at
the
global
map,
Australia
is
still
fifteen
percent
and
New
Zealand
is
still
less
than
fifteen
person,
but
in
the
Oceania,
because
these
are
the
two
countries
doing
anything
in
ipv6.
So
that's
why
they
are
green
next
slide
please
and
go
back
to
the
previous
Manik
yeah.
Q
Just
give
you
one
more
thing
is
to
to
cater
this
problem
that
the
ipv6
deployment
is
very
low
in
the
region.
We
have
conducted
multiple
ipv6
workshops
and
as
a
result
of
that,
it
is
still
not
quite
quantifiable
at
the
moment,
but
as
a
result
of
that,
we
have
seen
multiple
operators
deploying
ipv6
in
their
code
and
into
their
axis,
and
we
have
seen
that
trend
all
across
the
asia-pacific
region.
We
conducted
three
workshops
early.
We
supported
multiple
five
to
six
workshops
indirectly,
and
we
are
focusing
on
the
train.
Q
The
trainer
program,
because
then
you
can
quantify
the
numbers
of
workshop
attendees
and
how
it
works
out
next,
please
so
this
is
this
is
the
project
we
did
in
Asia,
Pacific
region,
I'll,
explain
this
project
first
and
then
I'll
give
you
an
idea
that
why
we
did
it
so
it
it
maps
all
the
existing
IXPs
in
the
region.
So
all
the
blue
dots,
all
the
blue
markers
are
the
existing
IXPs
in
the
region
so
and
on
the
right
side,
it
gives
you
the
name,
the
number
of
members
and
whether
they
are
neutral
or
commercial.
Q
And,
of
course,
what
is
the
bandwidth?
What
what?
What
how
much
bandwidth
they
are
exchanging
within
the
internet
exchange.
So
this
is
these
are
the
blue
lines,
blue
markers,
the
red
markers,
are
those
places
where
we
think
there
should
be
an
IX
and
why
we
think
there
should
be
an
IX
it's
on
the
basis
of
number
of
people
living
in
that
city
or
region.
So
in
a
very
common
sense,
if
there
are
1
million
people
living
in
a
city
with
a
mobile
phone
era,
penetration
rate
of
70,
80,
90
percent
I
think
it's
not
rocket.
Q
Next
slide,
please,
okay,
so
why
we
did
it
so
there's
there's
an
organization
called
you
and
s
cap
s.
Cap
s.
Cap
is
economic
and
social
commission
for
Asia
Pacific.
This
is
a
union
UN
organization.
Last
year
they
started
an
initiative
called
ap
is
asia-pacific,
intimate
information
superhighway
and,
as
part
of
the
AP
is
master
plan.
They
had
four
pillars,
so
one
was
connectivity.
Second
was
traffic
and
network
management.
Q
Kurt
was
IRA's,
is
broadband
for
all
as
part
of
the
second
pillar,
the
main
focus
was
the
deployment
of
internet
exchange
point
in
the
region,
so
the
biggest
issue
was
okay.
Fine,
that's
your
focus,
but
they
should
be
deployed
right,
so
you
need
to
map
it,
and
so
initially
we
started
using
the
existing
maps,
because
there
are
many
maps
available
as
we
speak,
but
the
problem
will
be
found
with
all
the
maps
the
existing
map
number
one.
The
data
was
outdated
number
two,
so
they
put
everything
they
found
on
the
Internet.
Q
We
sell
there's
an
IX
there,
so
he
said:
okay,
fine,
there's
an
IX
here.
You
can't
actually
cross-check
it
if
there
is
an
IX,
so
we
found
so
many
false
markers
all
on
account
all
across
the
map
which
many
web
sites
believe
there
was
an
IX.
So
we
said:
okay,
fine!
If
you
cannot
cross
check
it,
we
Co,
we
won't
consider
it
an
IX.
Q
Second,
there
was
no
demarcation
between
commercial
and
neutral.
From
our
perspective
and
from
the
United
Nations
has
kept
initiative
perspective.
They
were
looking
at
the
neutral
axis,
only
we-well
commercial
eye
axis
in
IX,
but
we
were
focusing
on
the
neutral
ones.
So
we
decided
to
come
up
with
this
solution
and
said:
okay,
fine.
Q
We
will
do
it
ourselves
right
and
we
will
do
it
for
the
AP
is
and
we
will
be
able
to
map
it
or
across
the
region
and
will
give
a
picture,
and
the
picture
was
not
very
nice
and
people
were
surprised
even
with
the
case
of
India,
where
there's
so
many
axes
we
realize
well,
there
are
some
more
axes
are
required.
In
Japan
we
found
out
that
there
they
are
all
in
concentrated
in
most
of
the
bigger
cities
like
Tokyo
and
Nagoya
Osaka,
and
that's
it
Australia
New
Zealand.
Q
They
were
pretty
much
covered,
but
if
you
can
see
the
map,
if
we
think
there
are
ten,
there
should
be
ten
I
axis
and
if
they're
less
than
10,
then
it
it
gives
you
a
heat
map
and
other
than
few
countries.
Everything
is
is
quite
a
rainbow
color,
so
we
need
a
lot
of
X's
in
the
region
and
now
we
will
focus
on
those
regions.
Only
and
now
we
have
some
markers
and
we
have
given
the
presentation
to
the
chapters
to
verify
all
the
data.
R
Aftab,
so
when
we
talk
about
policy,
internet
policy
in
Asia,
Pacific
and
policymaking,
and
lawmaking
in
particular,
we
find
that
a
lot
of
the
countries
do
prioritize
cybersecurity
over
other
issues
in
the
region.
A
lot
of
this
has
to
do
with
issues
around
national
sovereignty.
Unfortunately,
these
issues,
this
motivation-
is
also
fueling
internet
surveillance
in
the
region.
This
is
especially
true
for
the
political
volatile
areas,
so
in
India,
for
instance,
we
see
that
a
lot
of
the
content
blocking
is
happening
in
the
northern
part.
R
The
disputed
areas
with
Pakistan
on
the
upside
we've
also
seen
government's
becoming
more
proactive
in
trying
to
narrow
the
national
divide.
Sorry,
the
digital
divide-
this
happens
in
this
is
occurring
in
in
different
forms,
whether
incentivizing
operators
to
roll
out
infrastructure
through,
say
refunds
on
their
licensing
fees
or
trying
to
get
them
to
contribute
through
universal
service
fees
or
investing
in
it
themselves
weathers
forces
that
they
have
so
in
the
Philippines,
for
instance,
where
I
come
from
this
year.
R
Yeah
this
year
we
enacted
a
public
Wi-Fi
law
and
currently
in
the
Philippines,
the
chapter
is
also
working
on
getting
an
open
access
bill
passed
in
in
Congress.
A
lot
of
the
the
drivers
for
for
getting
the
getting
people
connected.
Oh
I
should
actually
talk
about
net
neutrality
first,
so
the
issue
of
net
neutrality
has
been
particularly
salient
in
recent
years,
particularly
due
to
the
efforts
to
get
people
connected.
R
So
some
of
you
may
have
been
following
the
the
big
issue
in
India
last
year,
where
a
Facebook
tried
to
roll
out
actually
launched
free
basics,
which
gave
people
sites
access
to
some
sites
and
some
applications
and
some
of
the
services,
but
some,
but
not
others.
So
what
happened?
Was
this
caused?
Quite
a
like
a
massive
uproar?
There
were
a
lot
of
protests,
very
public
protests
about
it,
which
resulted
in
the
regulator
actually
taking
a
formal
stand
in
favor
of
net
neutrality.
R
At
the
moment
we
are
seeing
that
a
lot
of
the
countries
in
the
region
are
focusing
more
and
more
on
taxation,
particularly
of
over
the
top
players.
Now
this
is,
this
is
they're
targeting
the
the
Facebook's
and
the
Google's
of
the
world
and,
of
course,
with
the
backing
of
the
telco
industry.
Indonesia,
for
example.
Here
try
to
do
this
bye.
R
There
was
a
proposal
to
get
these
big
companies
to
physically
locate
in
Indonesia
just
so,
they
can
extract
some
revenue
from
them
and
some
of
the
motivation
from
that
comes
from
the
need
to
roll
out
more
infrastructure.
They
need
to
get
more
money,
and
so
they
can
roll
out
more
infrastructure
for
more
Internet
infrastructure.
R
So
this
this
renewed
drive
to
get
people
online
is
all
part
of
what
we
can
say
is
there's
a
lot
of
excitement
to
build
the
digital
economy
in
the
region,
and
people
government's
know
that
the
pace
by
which
and
the
speed
by
which
they
can
get
the
services
rolled
out
and
actually
get
people
to
adopt
them
is
largely
relies
on
how
much
local
expertise
they
have
on
the
ground,
which
means
building
people's
digital
skills,
but
also
on
how
many
people
actually
connected
to
the
Internet.
It's.
I
R
This
is
not
surprising
at
all
because,
as
afterbuzz
already
mentioned,
there's
a
lot
of
economic
growth
and
a
lot
of
and
a
lot
of
a
lot
of
the
countries
of
the
region,
but
also
we
have
very,
very
big
markets,
so
I
think
Southeast.
Asia
alone
is
a
market
of
600
million
people.
So
we're
talking
about
big
markets
here
and
next
slide,
please.
R
So
these
trends
are
also.
We
also
see
them
as
strengths
and
opportunities.
We
have
a
young
and
tech-savvy
population.
We
have
governments
that
are
now
seeing
more
and
more
the
linkage
between
the
use
of
ICTs
and
social
economic
development.
Now
what
we're
doing
one
of
the
things
that
we're
doing
in
this
regard,
I
think
I
have
already
touched
on.
R
R
So
one
of
the
good
results
of
having
of
trying
to
enable
having
trying
to
create
this.
This
echo
system
is
the
emergence
of
businesses
of
local
online
businesses.
Now
these
businesses
are
becoming
innovators
in
their
own
right.
We
see
grab,
for
instance,
grab
famously
grabbers,
for
those
who
may
not
have
encountered
it
grab
is
like
the
uber
Southeast
Asia.
It's
actually
based
in
Singapore
over
on.
Oh
sorry,
so,
grab
pioneered
the
motorbike
service.
R
Is
the
cargo
motorbike
equivalent
of
the
car,
and
that
is
because
a
lot
of
cities
in
Asia
suffer
from
really
really
bad
traffic
congestion?
So
I've
done
this
one's
actually
from
my
house
through
the
airport,
on
a
work
trip
with
my
suitcase
at
the
back
and
then
clinging
to
the
guy
as
well.
But
it
really
gets
you
through
the
traffic.
Otherwise
I
would
have
never
made
it
through
the
airport.
R
Another
example
pioneered
the
cash
on
delivery
service,
so
but
the
majority
of
consumers
in
asia-pacific,
don't
have
a
credit
card
and
another
company
that
has
tried
or
a
lot
of
service
that
has
tried
to
address.
Another
aspect
of
that
is
easy,
paisa,
so
easy
paisa
is
now
the
third
largest
mobile
banking
system
in
the
world,
so
it
was
pioneered
by
Telenor
in
Pakistan,
where
I
in
in
a
lot
of
developing
countries
as
well.
R
In
asia-pacific,
you
see
that
the
majority
of
the
population
is
unbanked,
so
it
answers
a
very,
very
salient
need,
so
just
to
point
out
that
these
businesses
actually
a
lot
their
sex.
A
lot
of
the
success
can
be
attributed
to
mobile,
so
I.
Don't
think
a
lot
of
these
business
would
have
been
possible
without
mobile.
Next
slide
me
also:
another
facet
of
the
success
of
these
businesses
is
that
they
actually
try
and
answer
a
particular
need
within
their
communities
within
the
country
or
within
the
region
itself.
R
What
we
try
to
do
I
mean
we're
quite
a
small
team,
but
what
we
try
to
do.
What
we
try
to
do
in
the
last
year
and
a
half
anyway,
is
to
try
and
facilitate
and
see
what
the
real
issues
are,
what
the
specific
issues
are,
and
we've
tried
to
do
that
through
the
issue
paper,
so
we've
released
15
so
far,
and
these
papers
have
been
cited
in
numerous
meetings,
ITU
meetings,
not
by
us
but
by
other
people.
R
R
G
Q
Q
Q
Relationship
building
in
Asia
Pacific
takes
a
lot
of
time
actually,
but
once
you
reach
to
that
level
of
trust,
you
can
really
make
a
lot
of
impact
and
I'm
happy
to
share
that.
These
organizations
consider
internet
society
as
a
trusted
partner.
Now
so,
for
example,
they
not
only
invite
us
to
share
our
opinion
during
their
events
and
conferences,
but
now
we
also
have
that
status
where
they
approach
us
and
consult
ask
for
their
world
programs
plans
and
puja
strategy
this
year,
asia-pacific
tele
community,
which
is
the
regional
arm
for
ITU
in
Asia
passive.
Q
Q
That's
kind
of
an
impact
that
we
were
able
to
make
through
our
relationship
building
in
asia-pacific
last
year,
ESCAP
as
after
was
mentioning
in
during
his
talk,
accepted
our
offer
to
host
the
regional
internet
and
development
dialogue
in
Bangkok
and
I
think
this
was
a
very
rare
occasion
where
a
UN
agency
accepted
and
hosted
a
regional
conference
for
an
external
organization,
some
other
organization.
As
you
can
see,
the
i2
regional
office,
they
approached
us
and
a
GSM
F.
A
Q
So
so,
this,
like
I,
was
telling
about
some
of
the
relationships
and
and
and
and
partnership
that
we
have
developed
in
asia-pacific
and
I
was
saying
that,
in
addition
to
these
organize-
and
we
also
work
closely
with
some
of
the
commercial
organizations
like
Telenor
and
some
regional
civil
society
organization
like
APC
next
slide,
please,
okay,
so
this
slide
is
a
next
slide.
I'll
talk
about
our
work
priorities
now
when
we
define
our
work
priorities
in
asia-pacific.
Q
Of
course,
we
consider
the
organizational
priorities
of
Internet
Society,
but
what
we
also
do
is
that
we
all
treat
you
our
community
and
we
try
to
gauge
their
pulse
and
take
their
advice
on
what
should
be
the
things
that
will
be.
You
should
be
doing
now.
This
really
helps
us
to
answer
why
we
do
what
we
do
in
asia-pacific.
So
the
regional
Internet
policy
survey,
as
Raj
mentioned
in
the
initial
slide,
is
one
of
those
key
tools
that
we
use
in
asia-pacific
to
take
advice
from
our
community.
Q
That
includes
our
members,
our
chapters
and
also
external
partners
to
see
what
should
be
our
world
parities
in
asia-pacific.
Over
the
past
few
years,
access
and
Trust
have
been
listed
and
advertised
by
our
community
as
the
key
priority
and
that
very
much
resonates
with
our
all
world
priorities
of
the
Internet
Society.
Q
Now
these
community
networks
are
getting
popular
around
the
region.
So
if
we
with
our
partner
in
India,
the
digital
empowerment
foundation,
have
pioneered
this
regional
conference
to
bring
people
from
all
sides
of
asia-pacific
and
discuss
and
exchange
knowledge
and
expertise
around
community
networks
over
the
past
18
months
or
so,
we've
been
working
on
digital
accessibility
and
I'm
happy
to
share
that.
Q
There
have
been
some
emotional
stories
as
well
I
think
we
were
very
fortunate.
You
know
to
work
with
the
Internet
Society,
which
gave
us
an
opportunity
to
to
you
know
to
work
with
people
with
disabilities.
Some
of
the
impact
that
we
were
able
to
make,
for
example,
in
Pakistan
the
car
of
Pakistan,
for
the
first
time
in
the
history,
has
included
a
special
chapter
and
pressing
the
needs
of
persons
with
disabilities
in
the
upcoming
IT
policy.
So
I
think
that's
a
big
landmark
for
the
people
in
Pakistan,
especially
the
person
with
disabilities.
Q
We
at
the
moment
are
developing
the
toolkit
that
will
include
some
of
the
actions
that
could
be
considered
by
the
developers
and
also
by
the
policy
makers
in
asia-pacific
and
beyond.
If
we
do
technical
outreach,
supporting
the
the
network
operator
groups
and
within
this
technical
outreach
agenda
is
one
of
our
main
emphasize
now,
almost
a
48%
of
the
population
in
asia-pacific
are
women
and
unfortunately,
in
some
and
many
parts
of
Asia
Pacific,
they
don't
get
that
opportunity
to
to
come
on
a
global
of
regional
stage
and
build
up
their
capacity.
Q
So
that
was
something
that
we
have
given
a
key
focus
of
bringing
a
woman
into
the
technical
discussions
and
the
detective
additional
forums
like
apricot
this
year,
we've
been
able
to
support
more
than
70
people
as
part
of
different
fellowships.
That
includes
stand-up,
which
is
the
South
Asian
network
operator
group
and
apricot,
which
is
the
biggest
technical
forum
for
asia-pacific.
Q
We
are
also
working
on
leadership
development,
providing
online
training,
especially
on
Internet
governance.
That
is
something
that
we
do
in
collaboration
with
our
Internet
leadership
team,
since
we
have
in
forum
which
is
our
online
platform,
so
we
provide
course
five
five
weeks
course
to
fellows
to
the
regional,
Internet
Governance
forum
and
also
a
PITA,
which
is
the
asia-pacific
Internet
Governance
Academy,
an
event
that
happens
in
South
Korea.
Q
We
advocate
for
on
policy
and
vegetables
through
some
of
the
work,
for
example,
the
issue
papers,
some
of
the
studies
that
we've
been
doing,
and
also
through
our
speaking
and
country
engagement.
Nobody
talked
about
country
engage
but
I'll
just
like
to
highlight
the
work
that
we
did
back
in
2015
in
need,
but
when
the
country
had
was
hit
by
a
massive
earthquake,
together
with
our
chapter,
we
were
able
to
provide
a
lot
of
support
to
the
to
the
community
in
the
affected
areas.
Q
Next,
like
this,
oh
I
just
missed
this
last
point
about
the
Internet
Governance
forum,
the
National
IGF
and
the
school
on
infinite
governance
that
we
support,
know.
As
rod
said.
Most
of
our
work
includes
chapters
as
as
integral
part
in
South
Asia
alone.
There
are
five
schools
on
internet
governance
that
just
happened
in
the
last
two
years
and
all
five
of
them
are
actually
led
by
our
chapters.
So
that's
a
big
impact
that
goes
through
our
chapters
back
to
the
community.
Q
When
we
discuss
about
the
situation
and
the
position
of
Internet
governance
discussions
in
asia-pacific,
we
also
support
the
the
regional
asia-pacific
Internet
Governance,
for
and
in
that
as
well.
We
are
giving
a
lot
of
emphasize
to
embrace
the
diversity,
especially
through
a
giving
opportunity
to
women
and
girls,
to
get
participation
and
say
out
their
opinion
on
Internet
governance
in
these
schools
and
regional
forums.
Next
slide,
please
now
under
trust
this
year,
privacy
has
been
our
main
focus
area.
We
did
sub
regional
workshops
in
all
the
four
sub
regions
in
Asia
Pacific.
Q
S
A
Q
Q
Before
I
get
fries
again,
okay,
so
I
was
talking
about
the
online
PVC
workshops
and
I
was
saying
that
Maul
and
Raj
probably
can
share
more
details
on
that.
The
Asia
internet
symposium
is
one
of
our
flagship,
even
that
we
do
in
Asia
Pacific
it's
something:
it's
not
a
hold
a
conference,
a
half-day
conference
talking
on
a
tropical
issues
which
is
aligned
with
the
local
needs
of
the
country.
Most
of
these
symposiums
are
hosted
by
our
chapters.
Q
This
year
we
did
one
in
Vietnam.
In
fact,
that
was
our
first
event
in
Vietnam
and
it
was
not
easy
to
actually.
You
know
it
took
us
some
time
to
build
the
relationship
and
unhappy
that
we
were
able
to
do
this
event
around
cybersecurity,
which
is
kind
of
a
sensitive
issue
in
terms
of
Vietnam.
But
the
government
was
our
partner.
Q
We
had
the
Vietnam
infinite
Association
as
a
partner
we
were
featured
in
their
national
television
as
well,
and
some
of
the
colleagues
during
that
even
told
us
that
this
is
the
first
time
that
such
kind
of
discussions
and
dialogues
have
been
arranged
in
Vietnam,
the
collaborative
approach
towards
security,
our
collaborative
security
framework
led
by
our
technology
teams.
We
advocate
and
promote
it
within
the
region.
Q
Q
But
because
of
that
dialogue
that
we
were
able
to
organize.
There
was
a
policy
launched
earlier
this
year
by
the
government,
and
the
industry
is
very
happy
next
slide.
Please,
so
some
are
first
sampling
of
our
activities,
particularly
this
year.
Next
slide
is
ITF
awareness
now
in
asia-pacific.
Most
of
you
might
know.
Q
Japan
and
China
are
the
two
main
leaders
in
terms
of
developing
open
standards,
and
we
realized
that
there
is
a
lot
of
need
to
outreach
to
over
community
in
the
other
sub
regions
in
Asia
Pacific
and
try
to
promote
the
young
internet
engineers,
the
students
to
know
about
IETF
and
start
advising
or
start
working
on
internet
drafts.
The
last
year
we
did
16
workshops
with
more
than
thousand
participants
in
Indonesia,
Philippines
and
Singapore,
which
is
the
Southeast
Asia,
and
this
year
we
have
carried
out
similar
exercise
in
South
Asia
in
Sri,
Lanka,
Bangladesh
and
Pakistan.
Q
So
far,
there
have
been
three
internet
drafts
which
have
been
produced
because
of
this
outreach
program
in
Asia
Pacific
and
two
of
the
fellows
one
from
Bangladesh
and
one
of
from
Pakistan
were
actually
at
the
ITF
Singapore
through
the
fellowship
that
they
got
through
this
program.
The
digital
accessibility
workshop
this
year
we
did
in
Indonesia
and
Sri
Lanka
with
our
partners
chapters
and
dramaturg
in
Qi.
Q
For
this,
this
workshop
again
inviting
industry
and
government
and
person
with
disabilities
and
software
developers,
and
we
were
told
that
such
kind
of
dialogues
have
never
happened
in
jakarta
and
again,
there
were
a
lot
of
emotional
things
happening
when
I
was
talking
with
the
person
with
visual
impairment
hearing
impairment,
but
they
were
all
very
happy
and
out
of
that
workshop,
this
is
what
I
have
learned.
So
if
you
want
to
slap
people
who
are
mute
and
who
cannot
speak,
this
is
actually
their
sign
language
for
a
clap.
Q
The
we
moderated
the
IT
course
the
one
that
I
was
telling
you
earlier
through
the
in
forum
for
the
a
PR
ITF
and
a
pika.
We
had
60
plus
participants
from
20
plus
countries
during
these
courses
and
the
previous
e
workshop
that
I
just
mentioned
in
my
previous
slide.
We
did
in
India,
Philippines
Singapore
and
when
you
are
to
this
year
with
partners,
including
in
national
critic,
for
these
media
chapter
government,
agencies,
etc,
etc.
Q
I
still
have
one
more
slide.
Sorry
mapping
online
child
protection,
so
this
is
one
of
the
the
work
that
we've
done
over
the
past
16
months
or
so
it
includes
best
practices
across
11
economies
in
Asia
Pacific
just
two
days
ago,
had
a
discussion
with
ITU
and
I
was
told
that
ITU
is
working
with
ASEAN
comment.
The
Southeast
Asian
garments
to
come
up
with
our
regional
framework
and
also
the
national
framework
on
child
on
protection.
So
I
do
was
give
this
know.
Q
If,
if
we
have
done
something
on
this
topic
and
when
I
shared
that
we
have
done
the
study
mapping
11
economies,
ITU
has
offered
us
to
work
with
them
both
on
the
national
level
and
also
to
partner
on
setting
up
a
regional
framework
for
child
on
protection
in
Southeast
Asia,
which
is
supposed
to
happen.
Next
year
we
have
partnered
with
a
pinic
dot.
Asia
and
I
can
to
form
our
APEC
Alliance
for
school
and
academies
of
Internet
Governance.
Q
Q
So
this
year
we
have
formed
this
regional
alliance,
so
we
can
streamline
our
funding
and
we
can
optimize
our
resources
to
the
Internet
governance,
schools
and
dialogues
in
Asia
Pacific,
the
ixp
mapping
project,
which
after
has
informed
about
this
year,
we
helped
Pakistan
and
Papua
New
Guinea
to
set
up
on
neutral
IXPs,
which
is
followed
up
with
the
IXP
mapping,
project
and
I.
Think
this
it
was
my
last
slide
over
to
you
Rajesh
and
again,
and
thank
you
very
much
everyone
for
this
opportunity.
O
Okay,
thinking
of
eight,
so
during
the
beginning,
if
you'll
recall
I
mentioned
about
how
we
have
these
cultural
nuances
in
the
region,
right
and
now,
South
Asians
in
particular,
are
very
renowned
for
something
when
they
start
talking.
They
don't
stop
so
I
told
Naveed
here
15
minutes
ago.
This
is
taking
half
an
hour.
So
if
I
told
him
half
an
hour,
he
would
have
taken
an
hour.
So
you
see
how,
after
the
things,
I
have
to
deal
with
in
this
region
right.
O
So,
as
you
can
see,
you
know,
we've
done
quite
a
bit
of
work
this
year.
You
know
we
could
spend
the
whole
week.
If
you
wanted
talking
about
what
we've
done
and
what
new
things
we
would
like
to
do.
Of
course,
we
look
forward
to
the
board
support
in
making
it
all
that
happen
in
the
next
few
days,
so
that
we
can
do
some
great
stuff
next
year.
O
Sorry,
previous
slide,
sorry,
so
just
a
very
quick
snapshot
just
to
give
you
an
idea
of
what
the
ear
looked
up
looked
for
was
thus
far.
We've
been
active
in
25
economies.
That
means
we
physically
visited
25
countries
in
reading
to
do
stuff.
The
stuff
could
be
whole
bunch
of
things,
projects
on
the
ground,
speaking
engagements,
etc,
etc.
O
We've
had
50
what
I
would
call
high-level
speaking
engagements
if
I
counted
all
these
speaking
engagements,
we
had
it
because
it
is
200.
There
are
30
events
and
activities.
We
have
directly
done.
Who
directly
means?
You
know
it's
using
our
resources
in
partnership,
obviously
sometimes,
but
these
are
direct
involvement
if
I
counted
the
non
direct
involvement.
That
number
goes
up
to
over
100
there's
3,000
people
we've
trained
in
some
way
from
throughout
the
course
of
the
year
we
technical
training,
we
policy
based
training,
internet
schools
of
governance,
etc,
etc.
O
So,
but
you
know,
as
I
said
earlier,
I'm
proud
of
this
team,
the
reason
we
can
do
all
this
is
because
this
team
works
together.
You
know
they
take
responsibility
and
they
just
go
on
go
ahead
and
do
things
you
know
they
don't
question.
They
say
we
just
got
to
do
stuff
next
slide,
please.
This
should
make
James
happy
from
the
comms
perspective.
O
Media
is
a
very
key
part
of
what
we
do,
as
you
can
see
from
those
logos.
We've
been
in
just
about
every
major
publication
in
this
region
this
year,
so
back
up
post,
which
is
a
very
famous
newspaper
in
the
region,
The
Straits
Times,
here
in
Singapore,
of
course,
and
interestingly
enough
this
year,
we've
made
the
news
in
China
very,
very
often,
I.
O
Think
if
I
remember
correctly,
we
had
30
or
different
pieces
in
China
alone
this
year
from
the
stuff
we
did,
Kathy
and
I
were
in
China
earlier
this
year,
of
course,
after
and
Lucy
Shanghai
with
I/dd,
they
liked
us
so
much
they've
actually
signed
an
MoU
with
us
to
cross-promote
our
events
and
all
that
for
no
money.
Of
course,
it's
a
it's
just
an
agreement
we
had
with
IEG
South
Asia.
You
know
we
are
on
online
platforms.
We
were
on
TV
and
I
will
mention.
O
He
was
in
TV
in
Vietnam,
apparently
that
was
like
a
10
minute
segment.
He
was
on
TV.
He
had
no
idea
what
they
were
talking
about,
but
they
kept
him
flashing,
his
picture
and
taking
his
interview.
So
god
knows
what
he
said
and
what
they
interpreted.
That
is,
but
he
was
on
national
TV
in
Vietnam,
so
I
don't
know
a
lot
of
blogs
cover
covers
quite
a
bit
so
and
I
just
want
to
stress
the
fact
that
you
know
it
media
think
we
can
work
better
with
media.
O
It
can
be
a
really
important
partner
for
us,
and
you
know
cultivating
the
relationship
is
very
important
as
well
now
we
know
we've
gone
out
and
reached
out
to
the
media,
but
now
what
we're
seeing
is
they
keep
on
reaching
back
to
us
as
well
asking
us
for
commentary
asking
is
for
positions.
Of
course
we
don't
always
engage
depending
on
what
the
topics
I
on
you
know
where
we
stand
on
those
things,
but
you
know
I
think
this
is
healthy.
O
This
slide
for
me
is
a
healthy
indication
of
an
ox
visibility
which
is
increasing
in
the
region
and
due
to
these
articles
you
know
other
people
start
contacting
us,
which
is
what
really
the
end
game
is
for
us
right
next
slide.
Please
please
keep
in
touch
with
us.
We
are
you
Asia,
Pacific
team
website,
Twitter
email
address.
We
do
two
other
things
in
the
region
which
my
find
of
interest
so
on
the
lab
bottom
left-hand
side
is
a
stupid
page
that
we
curate.
O
So
here
we,
you
know
very
selectively,
take
issues
and
things
that
are
happening
in
the
region
which
have
been
published
by
media,
and
we
highlight
it
here-
and
we
know
this
quite
a
few
subscribers
to
that
page,
because
they
keep
on
telling
us
that
you
know
you
haven't
updated.
You
haven't
posted
anything
last
week,
so
it
keeps
us
on
our
toes
as
well.
So
if
you
want
a
quick
snapshot
of
what's
happening
in
Asia
across
the
region,
please
visit
our
stupid
page.
O
We
have
a
regional
newsletter
that
goes
out
and
I
must
thank
Jim
for
pointing
it
out
at
the
omec
meeting
that
you
know
he
said
it
is
a
good
newsletter,
so
I'd
invite
you
to
have
a
look
at
that.
We
run
an
event
section
in
that
newsletter,
which
people
find
very,
very
useful
and,
as
I
said
at
the
omec
meeting,
we
have
certain
governments
and
governmental
organizations
in
the
region
which
rely
on
our
newsletter
to
promote
their
events,
and
if
it's
missing,
they
get
quite
upset
about
it.
O
We
do
have
a
chapter
piece
in
every
newsletter,
so
there's
a
chapter
spotlight.
There
is
an
editorial:
they
do
the
meal.
One
of
the
team
does
there's
a
couple
of
guess
articles
and,
of
course,
if
you'd
like
to
contribute
a
guest
article,
it
would
be
very,
very
happy
to
have
something
for
you
having
Horatius
done
when
in
the
past
prior
to
being
on
the
board,
I
think
so,
please.
We
really
welcome
contributions
from
from
your
perspectives
on
that
next
slide,
please!
O
U
Y
Z
AA
S
AC
AE
AF
O
O
Some
of
you
may
have
recognized
some
of
the
faces
in
those
videos,
so
there's
some
people
from
our
chapter
community
there's
also
the
Pakistan
regulator,
the
chairman
of
the
regulator,
there's
also
a
guy
who's
worth
over
100
million
dollars
whose
focal
force
there.
So
it's
a
spectrum
of
people,
nurses,
teachers,
doctors,
kids
and
we
all
we
ask
them
to
speak
in
the
local
languages.
Just
to
also
give
an
idea
in
the
hardy
western
region
is
so
how
you
found
it
useful.
This
little
picture
you
see
here
with
that
big
smile
on
that
kid.
O
This
is
having
one
of
my
favorite
pictures
of
recent
times.
That
is
our
site.
I
was
talking
about
that
site
where
we
run
the
Venn
around
the
desert.
So
it's
one
of
the
kids
from
that
nomadic
community
and
when
that
picture
was
sent
to
me,
you
know
just
the
look
on
his
face.
He'd
just
been
given
a
tablet
with
a
video
on
it,
and
that
was
his
reaction,
and
luckily
there
was
a
cameraman
there
who
captured
that
that
picture
you
know
and
that,
just
that
big
smile
on
his
face
it.
O
A
Thanks
I
mean
just
we
were
commenting.
That
is
nice,
that
you
know
all
the
holes
I
mean
we
got
to
hear
the
whole
team,
so
you
know
what
you
guys
are
doing
in
your
respective
sub
area,
so
that
was
actually
I'm
very
nice.
We
have
time
for
a
couple
of
questions.
If
any
trustee
is
one
or
comments
a
hospital,
it's.
D
More
comments
and
a
question
when
I
met
Raj,
roughly
nine
and
a
half
years
ago,
I
was
wondering:
how
can
one
single
man
manage
to
cover
such
a
huge
region
like
you're
each
missed
now
now,
with
your
team,
I
understand
it
a
little
bit
more,
but
I
still
can
only
say
thank
you
and
I
I
admire
your
work
in
sis
region
making
so
many
good
things
and
it
I
think
it's
great.
Thank
you.
AH
Here,
oh
she,
this
is
technical
thing.
You
are
doing
your
data
showing
us
the
infrastructure
part
not
only
about
interest
exchange.
The
recent
you
know
advanced,
economical
country,
including
Singapore
or
Tokyo
or
Beijing,
is
going
to
change
from
the
IXP
to
of
pride
peering,
as
well
as
the
interaction
or
inter
connecting
among
the
data
centers,
so
that
carbonyl
research
would
be
very
important
because
of
the
change
of
the
apology
of
the
internet
itself.
AH
From
the
viewpoint
of
you
know,
digital
economy,
the
key
person
now,
for
example,
in
Japan,
is
not
like
IXP,
but
you
know
neutral
data
center
provide
robot
in
the
tribe
peering,
so
that
will
not
be
differencing
into
your.
You
know,
numbers
or
few
years.
Of
course,
there
you
know
under
the
briefing
country
emerging
country
is
based
on
you're
using
effectively
the
IXP.
Q
Thank
you
Roshi
for
pointing
it
out,
I'm,
absolutely
correct,
and
the
thing
is:
there
is
no
concept
of
neutral
data
center
in
most
of
the
countries
in
in
our
region,
but
it
is
changing.
I
live
in
Australia
and
it's
it's
a
complete
different
landscape.
Things
are
moving
in
Singapore
and
Japan,
and
Hong
Kong
as
well.
But
the
thing
is:
we
strongly
believe
that
where
there
is
no
concept
of
neutral
data
center,
IXP
is
a
starting
point
at
the
neutral
point
where
you
can
say
about.
Q
A
L
So
I
want
to
congratulate
you
all
you're,
a
small
but
mighty
team,
and
a
very
impressed
at
how
sophisticated
you
are
in
the
understanding
both
of
the
technology,
the
area
and
then
the
policy
concerns
which
are
global
in
nature.
But
you
do
a
very
terrific
job
of
understanding
how
they
play
out
in
this
region.
You
can
also
help
us
with
how
really
I
believe
Asia
frankly,
what's
going
on
here
is
about
to
change
the
rest
of
the
world.
You
are
the
engine
for
growth
right
now
in
the
world.
L
The
sophistication
that
you
all
demonstrate
with
respect
to
using
the
technology,
understanding
the
policy
concerns
and
actually
coming
up
with
some
ways
to
address
them
is
actually
quite
impressive
and
I
think
we
want
to
make
sure
that
we
use
your
strengths
for
the
rest
of
our
staff
as
well.
So
really
that
was
a
terrific
job.
There
was
a
lot
of
material,
but
you
demonstrated
a
real
understanding
of
what's
happening.
So
congratulations
and
congratulations
to
you.
Raj.
M
M
I
just
want
to
record
my
thanks
to
you,
know
Raj
and
team
for
doing
an
awesome.
Job
and
I
do
engage
with
with
them
every
now
and
then
I
just
want
to
also
probably
ask
the
question
which
you
know
it
could
be
the
big
elephant
in
the
room,
that
of
China,
although
you
did
put
them
as
a
population
as
part
of
a
pack,
but
we
don't
have
much
really
in
terms
of
ability
to
engage
with
them
yet
I
guess.
M
O
So
our
approach
to
China
has
been
that
you
know
we
can
not
engaged
so
we
need
to
engage.
You
know,
I
mentioned
Cathy
and
I
were
this
year
and
we
spent
a
lot
of
time
engaging
with
not
just
the
internet
community
as
it
were,
but
people
I
mean
you
know,
walking
the
halls
talking
to
media,
so
many
media
interviews.
You
know
a
lot
of
those
stats
have
quoted
about.
We
were
in
the
media,
so
much
and
the
interesting
thing
was:
you
know
what
they
wanted
to
talk
to
us
about.
O
Okay,
there
was
some
sensitive
issues,
but
they
were
all
so
a
lot
about
innovation,
but
growth.
Where
is
the
digital
economy
heading?
So
I
think
you
know,
our
protest
has
fine
speak.
You
and
I
have
that
soft
engagement.
We
have
organizational
members
in
China
as
well
that
we
work
very
closely
with
Huawei.
Is
one
and
I
had
a
great
conversation
yesterday,
with
the
day
before
yesterday,
with
our
friend
from
Huawei?
Who
was
he
at
the
ITF
meeting
and
then
there's
a
posse
and
they
could
whom,
with
whom?
We've
done
many
things
in
the
past?
O
You
know
we
did
a
rural
connectivity
project
outside
Beijing
many
years
ago.
We
wanted
to
do
another
one
this
year,
but
the
demand
is
change.
The
rules
and
now
foreign
organizations
cannot
do
projects
in
China.
The
money
cannot
come
from
outside
I,
don't
know
we
had
the
school
identified,
the
equipment
identified
and
at
the
last
moment
the
Ministry
said,
but
hang
on
that's
a
foreign
entity.
Sorry
cannot
so
so
there.
Those
are
the
challenges
we
also
have
to
deal
with.
There
has
always
been
interest
to
have
chapters
in
China.
O
As
you
know,
the
Internet
Society
of
China
is
quite
strong,
quite
visible
and
over
time,
they've
also
evolved
in
what
they
do
and
understanding
they
have
in
the
community.
So
what
we
have
been
doing
right
now,
we
have
a
very
close
relationship.
In
fact,
I
nearly
get
an
email
every
week
from
someone
at
the
Internet
Society
of
China
or
know
about
something
or
other,
so
that,
in
the
background,
I
think
we
are
continuing
that
engagement.
Now,
how
visibly
and
publicly
we
can
engage
I
mean
that's
something.
O
L
I
should
be
there
about
a
two-year
recurring
a
second
year
plan
for
engagement,
Olaf
I,
think
twice
that
we
started
on
sort
of
a
technical
technical
level
to
talk
with
some
of
the
higher
level.
Raj
has
been
there
all
along
in
the
team,
but
it's
been
very
purposefully,
low-key,
but
I
think
we
all
think
that
it's
we
gotta
up
our
game,
we're
just
not
sure
what
that
ought
to
look
like
and
it.
L
AI
It's
more
a
comment
than
a
question:
that's
a
first
of
all.
I
would
like
to
thank
again
the
the
board
for
the
opportunity
to
present
our
operation.
I
work
in
in
your
different
meetings
like
this
is
very
useful,
has
been
a
change
that
that
we
value
very
much
also
to
say
that
the
relating
with
what
has
Peter
already
say
this
is
a
huge
vision,
is
really
impressive.
AI
So
those
are
just
some
examples
of
the
of
the
recognition
of
Internet
Society
in
the
in
the
region,
such
huge
region
that
we
have
been
serving
with
a
very
small
team.
We
have
a
strengthening
already
the
team
this
year
and
base
it
on
the
hopefully
way.
If
you
approve
the
the
work
plan
for
2018,
we
we
plan
to
open
two
more
positions
in
the
region
in
2018,
and
we
also
have
the
intention
to
open
an
extra
position
in
2018.
AI
A
You
Raoul,
okay
and
yeah
I
mean
at
that
point
that
that
conversation
will
come
to
the
board
and
and
yeah,
but
our
intention,
as
I
said
before,
is
clearly
to
to
empower
their
regions
and
provide
more
resources.
So
yeah
with
with
respect
to
how
much
I
mean
that's
something
we
need
to
discuss,
but
but
definitely
I
mean
that
that's
something
that
is
on
on
our
on
our
table.
Right
now,
yeah,
okay,
we
need
to
wrap
up
one
last
question.
A
Actually,
because
we
are,
we
are
I
mean
at
the
same
time
as
we
give
more
power
to
the
to
the
regions.
We
were
wondering
you
know
how
much
right
now
you
have
this
cross
communication
between
regions,
so
I
you,
sir,
in
best
practices
or
you
who
seldom
talk
to
each
other.
What
is
their
current
situation.
O
So
we
have
so
the
regional
bureau,
directors
Salaam
being
the
newest
addition,
so
she
she's
very
new,
of
course,
but
the
rest
of
us
have
been
with
us
of
phone
number
fees.
So
there
was
now
at
first
and
Sebastian
came
Fredrick
sort
of
in
a
different
role.
Then
I
came
on
board,
so
you
know
we
have
this
understanding
between
us,
which
I
think
is
very
strong.
Now,
if
you're
saying
do
we
get
into
a
room
every
quarter
or
something
and
look?
No,
we
don't
because
we
use
the
internet
to
do
that.
Instead,
so.
F
O
Example,
for
this
week,
I've
had
two
of
my
regional
bureau
colleagues
terminating
over
signal,
because
one
professor
signal
and
the
other
professor
whatsapp
and
asked
him
to
be
the
guy
in
between
on
issues
and
things
so
that
collaboration
does
exist,
but
it
may
not
be
in
in
a
manner
you
expected
that
you
know
we
meet
physically.
You
just
don't
have
the
time.
O
This
is
to
what's
happening,
there's
also
stuff
that
happens
an
email,
obviously
and
there's
also
what
I
would
call
bilateral
collaboration
between
regions,
for
example,
Europe,
and
we
do
a
lot
of
things
a
Frederic
was
over
in
the
region.
In
fact,
you
attended
the
Singapore
sceptre
AGM
as
well,
where
we're
talking
about
GDP
are
things
as
part
of
the
consultation.
You
know
the
with
the
Sebastian
in
lac.
You
know
the
Caribbean
and
the
Pacific
have
a
lot
of
commonalities.
O
So
we've
had
many
discussions
on
that
with
his
team
as
well,
and
then,
of
course,
with
APEC.
Tell,
for
example,
which
is
based
out
of
Singapore.
But
of
course,
is
the
Pacific
Rim
there's
a
lot
of
cross
collaboration.
That
does
happen
and,
of
course,
the
community
networking
project
which
was
born
in
Asia.
Now
it's
global
for
ourselves.
So,
yes,
we.
O
L
We're
moving
toward
this
campaign
thing,
so
mister
you're
in
charge
of
that
with
your
buddy,
so
I
think
that's
the
push
right
so
these
taking
over
the
leadership
of
that
entire
thing,
with
Raj
as
leading
with
Sally
and
then
with
each
of
the
regional
directors
as
head
of
one
of
those
campaigns,
so
I
think
you're
gonna
see
more
and
more
and
more
of
it.
I
was.
A
M
One,
that's
one
of
the
things
that
I
have
already
discussed
with
the
yeah
come
individuals
we
get
the
names
correct
is
Lisa
and
Tosca,
so
they
would
be
sending
me
information
regarding
the
work
that
have
already
done
or
undertaken
before
Eric
left
in
terms
of
the
skill
sets
the
kind
of
areas
that
they
need,
help
with
in
the
board
to
make
sure
that
they
can
do
a
good
job
as
well
as
other
kinds
of
criteria
that
they
were
looking
at.
So
here
they
promised
to
give
it
to
me
by
you
know
next
week.
M
M
What
other
things
they
need
and
what
else
can
we
help
them
to
move
this
15
for
so
I'm,
trying
to
once
I
get
that
in
addition
to
the
being
on
the
PR
committee
and
come
from
from
us
to
see
what
we
need
to
do
to
build
up
that
capacity
for
them
and
I
want
to
try
and
get
this
kicked
off
in
early
January
to
move
forward.
So
that's,
basically,
the
update
I
have
right.
Okay,
thank.
A
B
M
A
Yeah.
Okay.
Thank
you.
Okay,
excellent!
Thank
you,
so
so
that,
basically,
because
we
agreed
not
to
do
any
more
agenda
topic
for
today,
so
we're
gonna
close
the
public
part
of
the
meeting,
and
we
will
be
moving
into
executive
session
for
ten
minutes
so
that
we
prepare
for
tomorrow
and
everybody
understands
Oh
your
homework
for
the
evening
and
everything.