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From YouTube: The Social Mobile Leap: Report Summary by Lee Rainie
Description
The Social Mobile Leap: How Digital Connectivity Affects Emerging Economies. - Report Summary by Lee Rainie, Pew Reserach Center (2/3)
Mobile Internet usage is quickly becoming a primary means of access in many developing countries. The Social-Mobile Leap event on Mar 7 2019 formally launched Pew Research Center’s new study 'Mobile Connectivity in Emerging Economies' on mobile phone usage and its social impact in 11 countries worldwide. The participating countries include Colombia, India, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, Tunisia, Venezuela and Vietnam.
PLAYLIST: https://bit.ly/smleapvid
REPORT: https://pewrsr.ch/2C7ewA4
TWITTER: #socialmobileleap http://bit.ly/socialmobileleap
Hosted by Internet Society and Pew Research Center at the Microsoft Innovation & Policy Center in Washington DC
A
Thanks
so
much
mark
thanks,
Katie
and
Bethany
from
the
internet
society
for
making
this
happen,
this
is
kind
of
a
like
a
perfect
event
for
a
few
research
findings.
We
share
data.
You
will
be
overstuffed
with
data
by
the
end
of
my
presentation
and
then
there
are
smart
people
who
can
tell
you
maybe
what
the
data
means
and
I
love
it
when
we
do
the
sort
of
to
step
in
that
direction.
A
We
get
funding
from
other
foundations,
but
a
large
share
of
our
funding
comes
from
the
Trust's,
we're
a
non-profit,
we're
nonpartisan
and
we
don't
make
recommendations
that
that
is
sort
of
the
secret
sauce.
A
few
I
would
be
a
firing
offense
if
I
told
you
what
I
thought
personally
about
these
data
and
if
I
gave
you
my
own
personal
interpretation
of
what
was
going
on.
A
That's
why
we
call
ourselves
actually
a
fact
tank
instead
of
a
think
tank,
because
we're
in
a
different
line
of
work
from
the
people
who
work
at
think
tanks
and
try
to
promote
ideas
and
aggressively
solve
problems.
That's
not
the
business
we're
in
pew
research
center.
Since
the
year
2001
has
been
doing
global
surveys.
A
lot
focused
on
geopolitics,
the
reputation
in
the
United
States,
the
reputation
of
other
major
powers
in
the
world.
A
How
people
are
thinking
about
the
global
economy,
and
things
like
that
and
since
2011
has
been
also
doing
some,
some
big
broad
work
on
benchmarking
technology
adoption.
But
since
2001,
when
this
work
began,
we've
done
interviews
in
a
hundred
and
eight
different
countries.
I'm
going
to
be
talking
about
eleven
of
those
countries
that
we
work
in,
but
we
every
year
have
major
surveys
that
also
deal
with
other
kinds
of
issues
and
I
would
commend
them
to
you
if
you're
interested
in
those
kinds
of
issues.
A
So
what
I'm
talking
about
today
is
his
work
that
we
did
in
11
emerging
economies.
We
did
it
last
fall
into
into
December.
We
interviewed
over
all
28,000
122
folks,
so
that's
about
2,500
people
plus
or
minus
in
these
countries,
they're
face
to
face
interviews,
unlike
a
lot
of
the
work
that
we
have
done
in
the
United
States,
looking
at
how
the
Internet
has
had
social
and
political
and
economic
impacts
here,
which
was
done
both
with
phone
surveys.
A
You
get
a
margin
of
error
in
some
of
these
findings
and
a
lot
of
the
data
I'm
going
to
be
talking
about
is
median
data,
so
we've
taken
together
these
11
countries
and
picked
out
the
median
point
of
where
they
stand
on
various
issues,
as
well
as
we're
listening
what's
going
on
in
individual
countries,
but
I
want
to
make
sure
you
understand
that
we're
knocking
out
talking
about
an
average
of
everybody.
We
interviewed
it's
it's
it's
based
at
the
country
level
for
medians.
A
We
also
did
and
and
really
learned
a
tremendous
amount
of
surveys
in
four
countries:
Kenya
Mexico,
the
Philippines
and
Tunisia-
and
we
did
this
before.
We
did
the
actual
surveys
and
got
exactly
what
researchers
want
out
of
that
process.
We
got
insights
into
vocabulary
literally
how
people
talk
about
this
stuff,
which
made
us
adjust
so
our
question
language.
At
times
we
got
an
earful
about
some
of
the
real
stressors
that
are
current
in
people's
lives
related
to
especially
to
politics
and
information
policy
and
stuff.
A
And
if
you
want
to
read
along,
you
can
use
your
phones
and
I
won't
take
offense
if
you're
looking
down
instead
of
looking
at
me
or
looking
at
these
screens,
one
of
the
most
interesting
part
of
the
process
was
literally
to
pick
which
countries
we
were
going
to
do.
It
was
always
my
dream
that
the
work
that
we
would
do
launching
this
expansion
of
our
work
in
the
global
community
would
focus
on
emerging
economies
because
I.
A
My
hypothesis
was
that
when
you
hand
someone
a
device
that
connects
them
to
other
people
in
other
parts
of
the
world
and
not
go
through,
maybe
the
the
the
process
of
getting
a
wired
computer
and
things
like
that.
A
certain
kind
of
extra
magic
occurs
in
that
moment,
where
you
haven't
necessarily
had
a
gradual
introduction
to
connectivity.
You've
had
an
abrupt
one
and
it
might
sort
of
change
the
way
people
think
about
their
social
relations.
It
might
change
the
way
they
think
about
their
neighbors.
A
It
might
change
the
way
they
think
about
their
families
and
opportunities
on
the
economic
front,
so
I.
So
that's
why
we
picked
eleven
emerging
economies
to
do
this
work.
As
you
can
see,
we
did
it
in
Colombia,
Mexico,
Venezuela
India,
the
Philippines
Vietnam
Jordan,
Lebanon,
Tunisia,
Kenya
and
South
Africa,
so
we
and
we
they're
all
middle-income
countries
under
the
definitions
used
by
the
World
Bank.
A
One
of
the
things
that
we
tried
to
explore
with
people
was
their
migration
status,
both
if
whether
they
come
into
the
country
from
somewhere
else
or
had
family
members
go
somewhere
else,
but
also
internal
migration,
had
they
moved
from
the
countryside
to
the
city
or
moved
away
from
their
home
village.
We're
going
to
put
out
other
reports
related
to
that,
but
it
turns
out
that
one
of
our
hypotheses
is
is
really
interestingly
confirmed
when,
when
you
have
one
of
these
devices
it
changes
the
relationship
you
have
with
your
old
village.
A
The
differences
among
people
who
have
different
devices
turned
out
to
be
an
interesting
thing.
We
also
wanted
just
diversity
in
the
country,
so
you
can
see
from
that
list.
We've
got
four
regions
of
the
world,
covered
different
population
structures,
different
economic
structures,
different
political
circumstances
and
some
ways
those
are
reflected
in
the
data.
A
We
also
wanted
countries
that
had
a
variety
of
connectivity
conditions,
both
their
competitiveness
and,
just
generally,
what's
available
in
those
countries
felt
like
an
important
variable
to
us
and
we're
going
to
be
exploring
that
again
in
in
the
subsequent
reports
that
take
a
particularly
hard
look
and
a
deep
dive
into
digital
divide
issues.
So
here's
what
we
learned
in
these
in
these
11
countries,
just
from
a
from
an
adoption
standpoint
of
the
main
technologies
we
were
looking
at
you
know,
amazingly
96%,
have
some
kind
of
access.
A
You
know
it's
a
it's
a
consequential
share
of
the
population
and-
and
it
was
one
of
the
interesting
variables
we
looked
at-
we
also
captured
in
this
data,
something
that
we've
seen
in
other
data
that
have
been
captured
by
our
partners
in
the
global
survey.
Work
that's
done
around
the
world.
Smartphones
are
advancing
quite
rapidly
in
the
broad
population
of
emerging
economies,
but
also
in
these
economies
too,
and
this
is
like
the
perfect
slide
that
that
validated
our
notion
that
getting
diversity
in
device
connected
connections
and
device
usage.
A
So
we
asked
about
seven
different,
specific
kinds
of
social
media
sites
and
messaging
app
sites,
and
if
you
said
yes
to
any
one
of
these
seven
devices
and
in
some
cases
the
next
slide
will
show
you,
people
had
multiple
accounts
in
them.
But
if
you
said
yes,
you
are
counted
as
a
social
media
user
and
it's
an
amazingly
powerful
story
to
where
a
meeting
of
64
percent
of
the
people
in
these
countries
are
some
kind
of
social
media
or
mobile,
app
user.
There's
great
variants.
A
You
know
I'm
stretching
from
Lebanon
at
the
top
to
India
at
the
bottom,
but
the
rise
of
social
media
and
these
cultures
is
as
dramatic
in
some
respects
as
the
rise
of
phones
and
here's.
Here's
a
story
that
was
so
interesting
to
see
because
the
American
story
is
a
little
bit
different
as
we've
measured
it
as
we've
watched
social
media
grow
in
this
country.
We've
watched
people
expand
the
number
of
accounts
that
they
have,
so
they
do
Facebook
for
certain
things
and
Twitter
for
certain
things
and
Instagram
for
other
things
and
and
stuff
like
that.
A
In
these
cultures
that
level
of
complexity
shows
up
in
countries.
You
know
the
people
who
have
three
or
more
devices
are
have
a
larger
decent
share
of
the
population
and
a
bunch
of
places,
but
it's
much
more
common
to
just
use
one
or
two
and
in
some
cases
not
use
any
of
the
social
media
accounts
at
all.
And
if
you
look
at
that
column
that
the
third
column
from
the
left
of
one
where
people
say
that
they
only
use
one
social
account.
A
We
ask
the
follow-up
question,
which
is
which
one
is
it
and
in
those
in
those
places
where
people
are
only
using
a
single
account,
it's
sort
of
divided
between
Facebook
and
whatsapp,
about
which
that
single
account
is
the
other
thing.
That's
sort
of
clear
in
our
data
and
it's
it's
it's.
A
very
consistent
story
with
the
developed
world
story
is
that
social
connectivity,
the
rise
of
smartphones
and
the
rise
of
social
media
almost
go
hand-in-hand.
Ninety-One
percent
of
smartphone
owners
are
social
media
users.
A
A
That
are
that
our
colleagues
that
the
the
Global
Attitudes
division
of
pew
have
looked
at
there's
been
a
flattening
of
internet
use
in
developed
countries
that
you
know
it's
consistent
with
American
findings.
You
see
this
in
Europe,
you
see
this
in
advanced
Asian
economies
and
the
rise
of
of
Internet
connectivity
in
emerging
economies
is
actually
narrowing
the
gap
between
emerging
economies
and
advanced
economies
there.
Now
our
latest
data
show
that
a
median
of
60%
of
folks
use
the
internet
across
these
cultures.
A
Mobile
connectivity
is
a
big
part
of
that
story.
Here.
The
the
nation
level
data
that
reflect
that
you'll
see
you
know
India
and
Kenya,
and
the
Philippines
and
Tunisia
have
a
somewhat
different
story
from
Jordan,
Lebanon,
Mexico
and
places
like
that
and,
and
the
rise
of
smartphones
has
been
a
big
part
of
that
increasing
slope
of
the
curve
in
the
11
countries
that
we
were
looking
at.
A
For
that
connectivity
and
our
American
data
I
mean
one
of
the
things
that
we
would
love
to
do
in
the
next
survey.
If
we
ever
do
this
is
to
get
more
deeply
into
that
story
in
America
or
in
other
developed
countries.
There
are
some
ways
that
people
who
have
a
smartphone
only
relationship
to
the
Internet
feel
at
deficit.
A
They
they
don't
necessarily
think
that
they
can
do
all
the
things
that
the
internet
enables
them
to
do
relatively
quickly
relatively
efficiently
relatively
easily,
when
they're
doing
it
on
a
small
screen,
maybe
sometimes
with
a
slower
connection,
and
things
like
that.
We
don't
know
that
story
here,
but
it
would
be
a
really
interesting
thing
to
explore
because
it
just
it
seems
intuitively
like
it
it
that
might
be
the
case.
A
So
that's
the
adoption
story
on
the
three
main
dimensions
of
technology
and
we
took
away
we're
highlighting
a
number
of
things
in
the
report
here
here
are
sort
of
eight
of
the
main
things
that
we're
saying
so.
The
first
point
is
that
when
we
ask
people
about
the
broad
impact
of
phones
and
social
media
on
them
personally
and
on
their
cultures
generally
as
a
rule,
just
as
they
do
in
our
series
in
America
people
say,
the
benefits
to
me
are
greater.
A
Some
more
people
say
that
they
have
benefits
deriving
from
these
things
then
say
they
have
benefits
deriving
from
social
media.
So
at
the
personal
level,
this
stuff
really
works.
People
really
like
it.
They
see
as
you'll,
see
in
later
slides.
They
see
they
get
a
lot
of
advantage
of
advantages
out
of
it,
but
social
media
is
still
you
know.
A
A
high
number
more
than
majora,
more
than
50
percent,
say
that
it
brings
benefits
to
their
societies,
but
that
number
is
smaller
than
the
number
of
people
who
say
that
on
the
median
in
these
countries
that
they
get
a
personal
benefit
out
of
it,
and
here
serves
the
gap
a
country
by
country.
In
each
of
these
things,
it's
particularly
pronounced
in
Jordan
and
Colombia,
less
so,
but
still
importantly
in
Tunisia
in
Mexico
and
the
Philippines
and
less
so
in
these
other
cultures,
I
just
have
pointed
out
Venezuela.
A
First
of
all,
it
was
amazing
to
me
that
we
could
actually
do
a
great
survey
in
Venezuela.
We
had
a
brave
vendor
there
and
we
had.
We
had.
You
know
just
a
wonderful
experience,
capturing
a
society,
that's
in
great
turmoil
at
the
moment,
and
one
of
the
signposts
of
that
turmoil
is
that
Venezuelans
more
than
anyone
else
in
this
survey,
don't
really
see
not
nearly
as
many
of
them
see
that
they
derive
any
kind
of
benefit
personal
benefit
or
that
there
are
benefits
in
the
culture
and
that's
represented
by
that
sort
of
bottom
line
there.
A
Now,
when
we
get
to
this
sort
of
the
Internet's
good,
for
me
not
maybe
is
good
for
society.
There
was
one
of
the
focus
group
folks
whose
Facebook
is
the
window
into
that
insight.
Saying
has
brought
a
lot
of
advantages
for
our
society.
However,
it
is
also
effective,
decided
in
a
negative
way,
just
like
anything
which
can
be
used
for
good
and
bad
social
media
at
broad
negatives
and
positives
for
people
that
recurring
thought
that
all
of
these
technologies
sort
of
have
the
same
profile
is
illustrated
in
that
in
that
quote.
A
The
other
powerful
takeaway
from
from
these
findings
is
that
as
good
as
people
feel
about
the
role
of
the
Internet
in
their
lives
and
the
role
in
their
culture,
they're
real
worried
about
their
kids,
and
there
are
a
number
of
ways
that
we
captured
this
in
the
survey.
79
percent
are
very
concerned,
14
percent,
or
someone
can
certainly
ask
about.
Should
people
be
worried
whether
chill
about
children
being
exposed
to
harmful
or
immoral
content
when
they
use
their
mobile
phones?
A
63
percent
said
just
as
a
straight
verdict:
mobile
phones
have
had
a
bad
influence
on
children
in
their
country
and
54
percent
said
the
Internet
has
had
a
bad
influence
on
the
children
of
their
country.
Here,
here's
how
consistent
these
data
are
when
they,
when
the
question
was
how
bored
should
people
be
about
exposure
to
immoral
or
harmful
content
for
their
children?
A
It
was
just
a
resounding
vote
of
concern
that
folks
have-
and
there
was
an
interesting
exchange
in
the
Philippines
focus
group
that
that
sort
of
Illustrated
how
this
is
sort
of
a
multi-pronged
concern
in
people's
lives.
So
one
of
the
participants
said
children
usually
play
with
gadgets
the
most
and
are
exposed
to
radiation
and
experiencing
seizures.
That's
what
I
heard
so
there's
a
lot
of
concern
about
the
sort
of
physical
impact
of
this
stuff,
but
they
don't
necessarily.
A
That
was
a
entirely
settled
issue,
but
immediately
in
response
to
that
a
woman
said
also,
instead
of
playing
outside
they're
busy
with
their
gadgets,
they
are
no
longer
able
to
socialize
with
their
kids,
so
they're
worried
about
the
content
that
kids,
who
are
exposed
to
they're
worried
it
may
be
physical
impact
and
they're
worried
about
social,
social
fallout
from
kids
being
more
focused
on
their
screens
or
on
the
devices
rather
than
the
world
around
them.
So
what
do
parents
do
about
this?
And
what
do
people
do
about
this?
A
They
are
a
fairly
vigilant
about
you
know
watching.
What's
what's
going
on
so
652
percent
of
parents
who
have
children,
so
it's
just
a
subsample
of
our
population
said
they
try
to
limit
the
time
their
child
spends
on
the
phone
and
fifty
percent
said
they
monitor
what
their
child
is.
Looking
at
or
doing
on
the
phone.
There
are
places
in
particular
where
the
emphasis
on
monitoring
children
is
far
more
pronounced
than
it
is
on
monitoring
themselves.
A
A
lot
of
people
said
that
they
are
actually
trying
to
limit
their
own
time
on
the
phone,
but
they
were
much
more
concerned,
particularly
in
Lebanon
and
Jordan,
about
what,
how
much
time
their
kids
were.
Spending
on
the
phone
and
trying
to
enforce
rules
related
to
that.
We
also
on
the
monitoring
question.
They
also
were
more
likely
to
monitor
their
kids
behavior
than
they
were
their
spouse's
behavior,
but
there's
there's
sort
of
a
story
about
new
kinds
of
social
surveillance
that
are
in
these
data.
A
A
We
asked
a
battery
of
questions
about
negative
impacts
of
the
internet.
You'll
see
that
we
also
asked
about
positive
effects
of
the
internet
and
again
sort
of
in
that
leftmost
column.
You
can
see
children
being
exposed
to
immoral
or
harmful
content
that
people
were
convinced
that
their
societies
ought
to
be
worried
about
that
a
median
of
79%
so
that,
as
you
saw
in
the
other
slide,
but
then
they're
worried
about
a
range
of
other
things,
they're
worried
about
identity
theft
and
exposure
to
false
and
incorrect
information.
A
That
number
becomes
particularly
interesting
when
I
will
report
a
little
bit
later
on
that,
even
as
people
are
worried
about
exposure
to
incorrect
information,
they
also
say
at
the
at
the
personal
level.
These
devices
have
allowed
them
to
get
information
and
news
more
readily
more
efficiently,
more
completely
than
they
had
than
they.
Then
they
had
when
life
before
they
had
their
phones.
They
worry
about
mobile
phone
addiction,
even
as
you'll
see
in
a
later
slide.
They
also
talked
about
the
many
way
in
positive
ways
that
they
think
about
their
phones.
A
They
worry
about
harassment
and
bullying
and
they
fewer
than
half
or
just
around
half
48%
of
median
say
losing
the
ability
to
communicate
face-to-face.
That
sort
of
juxtaposition
opposed
with
other
findings
that
people
sort
of
say
these
new
devices
in
my
life
93%
say
they
helped
me
communicate
with
people
afar.
So
there's
this
kind
of
tension
in
people's
relationship
to
these
two
I
swear.
Sometimes
they
can
very
well
articulate,
but
some
of
the
benefits
are,
and
they
can
equally
well
articulate.
A
My
favorite
question
battery
in
this
survey
was:
he
asked
people
that
gives
their
okay
well
I,
call
it
their
emotional
inventory
about
their
phones,
and
we
asked
him
whether
it
ties
them
down
or
frees
them,
makes
them
waste
time
or
helps
them
save
time,
whether
they
don't
always
need
it
or
couldn't
live
without
it
and
you'll
see
that
you
know
more
people,
then
then
not
say
it
frees
them
rather
than
ties
them
down
and
helps
them
save
time.
But
then,
when
it
comes
to
D,
is
it
essential?
A
It's
do
you
feel
like
you
can't
leave
home
without
it
or
they're,
more
likely
to
say
I,
don't
I,
don't
always
need
it.
I
I
can
live
without
it
in
certain
ways
and
32%
comedians
said
that
they
couldn't
live
without
it.
These
are
the
the
country
level
data
on
this,
and,
what's
so
beautiful
about
this
slide,
is
it
plays
out
differently
in
so
many
ways
in
different
cultures,
the
one
consistent
pattern
was,
and
they
don't
always
need
or
couldn't
live
without
is
that
they're?
A
So,
in
a
way
that
just
speaks
to
how
these
devices
have
insinuated
in
themselves
into
the
rhythms
of
people's
daily
lives,
we
asked
about
this
is
the
sort
of
positive
battery
of
questions
about
attribute
to
the
phone,
and
you
can
see
that
a
median
of
93%
that
they
they
their
phones,
helped
them
stay
in
touch
with
those
who
live
far
away.
79%
said
they
get
information
about
important
issues,
even
as
they
worry
about
fake
news
and
false
information,
and
that
kind
of
stuff
63%
says
it
helps
to
make
a
living.
A
Sixty-Two
percent
said
it
helps
them,
concentrate
and
get
things
done,
which
also
is
a
cross
pressured
with
an
addiction
issue
and
and
and
other
other
sort
of
dimensions
that
they
worry
about,
and
58
percent
said
it
helps
them
communicate
face-to-face
now.
Well,
there
are
also
some
data
later
on
in
here.
That
did
a
of
people,
not
necessarily
a
high
majority,
but
a
share
of
people
are
kind
of
worried
about
what
these
devices
do
to
family
cohesion,
but
yet
they
will
it
in
in
the
sort
of
grand
question
about.
A
Does
it
help
your
communication
with
others
or
not?
They
say.
Yes,
including
you
know,
off
the
phone
and
off
the
device.
This
is
how
this
plays
out
in
different
countries.
What
is
so
striking
is
that
you
know
the,
while
all
the
readings
are
very
consistent,
except
maybe
for
the
concentrate
to
get
things
done
and
communicate
face-to-face
they're,
just
sort
of
interesting
patterns
to
this
again
in
separate
focus
groups.
People
talked
about
this
in
general
terms.
Communication
is
much
more
efficient.
A
You
are
more
interconnected,
whether
with
your
relatives
or
world
world
affairs
and
one
of
the
men,
we
in
our
focus
group
in
Mexico
people
meet
less
because
of
their
phones.
People
use
telephones
to
express
themselves
to
avoid
face-to-face
discussions,
so
there's
a
sense
that
it's
enabling
in
one
set
of
circumstances
and
may
be
socially
harmful
and
other
kinds
of
circumstances.
A
Then
we
asked
a
series
of
questions
about
a
variety
of
sort
of
big
dimensions
of
society:
the
the
impact
that
increasing
use
of
mobile
phones.
That
was
our
question
language
increasing
use
of
mobile
phones.
How
much
has
it
affected
these
dimensions
of
life
and
even
as
they
worry
about
children,
and
even
if
they've
got
a
lot
to
say
about
the
the
things
that
are
on
their
minds
about
the
impact
on
children?
They
education
is
the
topmost
thing
that
they
say
is
the
beneficiary
of
increasing
use
of
mobile
phones.
A
Similarly,
in
the
economy,
local
culture
and
family
cohesion,
there's
a
little
less
support
for
the
idea
that
you
Rison
uses,
help
civility
and
politics,
and
then
there
the
concern
about
children
and
as
well
as
as
well
as
physical,
health
and
morality
show
up
as
things
that
people
are
fairly
concerned
about
I'm,
going
to
show
you
two
slides
here,
I'm
going
to
show
you
actually
back-to-back
two
slides
here,
because
it's
it's
in
a
picture,
they
did
are
impossible
to
read.
You
know
we're
not
expecting
you
to
read
them,
but
it's
a
beautiful
mosaic.
A
We've
asked
similar
questions
so
in
in
some
instances
we
were
able
to
compare
2014
answers
in
societies
to
these
questions
and
then
2018
answers
to
these
questions
and,
interestingly
enough,
as
the
Internet
has
sort
of
spread
in
mobile
phones,
while
the
Internet
in
this
case
is
spread
more
people
now
then,
four
years
ago,
we're
saying
that
the
internet,
that
increasing
use
of
the
Internet
is
a
good
influence
on
the
economy
and
a
good
influence
on
education
and
there's
sort
of
interesting
variants
and
the
answers
there.
Some
cultures
say
one
and
not
the
other.
A
But
it's
a
it's
an
interesting
pattern
in
the
data
and
it's
a
lot
more
mixed.
When
the
question
becomes
other
dimensions
of
society,
like
morality
and
politics.
In
some
cultures,
it
seems
to
be
working
for
the
better,
at
least
in
the
public
estimation
and
in
other
cultures,
especially
like
Jordan,
some
degree
Lebanon,
which
you
know
it's
pretty
lowdown
on
all
of
these
things.
A
They're
they're
not
so
interested
so
I'm
going
to
be
really
interested
in
how
our
panelists
interpret
these
findings
from
a
cultural
context,
because
there's
the
mosaic
is
in
full
evidence
here
and
different
things
seem
to
be
going
on
in
different
cultures
and,
finally,
there's
a
there's,
a
demographic
story
in
these
data.
That
is
a
familiar
one
to
you,
but
it's
important
just
to
highlight
here.
Sorry
again,
it's
a
really
dense
slide.
But
but
the
point
here
is
that
age
matters
a
lot.
A
The
younger
people
are
the
more
likely
they
in
this
case
it's
smartphone
technology,
but
we
essentially
replicated
this
work
with
all
the
other
technologies
that
we
studied
age
is
a
huge
determinant
of
whether
people
use
or
don't
use
this
stuff
class
which
we
use
a
you
know.
Educational
attainment
is
a
really
good
proxy
for
social
class.
That's
a
really
big
determinant,
the
higher
level
educational
attainment.
Someone
has
in
the
culture
the
more
likely
they
are
to
use
this
and
there's
a
really
interesting,
quite
mixed
story
on
gender.
In
some
cultures.
A
One
is
that
we're
living
in
a
McLuhan
future
with
this
man
in
Kenya,
24-year
old
man
in
Kenya
and
a
focus
group
said
I
think
mobile
phones
have
made
the
world
of
Global
Village
Marshall
McLuhan
sort
of
coined.
That
term
wrote
two
books
with
that
title
in
1960s.
He
actually
ripped
it
off
from
James
Joyce,
who
made
references
to
sort
of
Global,
Village,
II
kinds
of
things
without
using
that
exact
exact
phrase
in
Finnegan's
Wake
in
1939.
A
But
here
now
is
a
man
who's
using
that
phrase
that
the
you
know
the
one
of
the
great
futurists
of
all
time
used
long
ago
now,
it's
common
parlance
in
Kenya
and
in
some
of
the
other
places,
and
one
of
the
other
wonderful
insights
that
McLuhan
had
was
that
once
common
people
pick
up
a
phrase,
it
means
that
the
impact
of
that
media
has
already
taken
hold
in
the
culture
and
new
paradigm.
Another
new
set
of
circumstances
has
taken
hold
and
I
think
we
might
be
on
to
something,
at
least
in
some
of
the
insights.
A
We
got
into
focus
groups
there's
this
when
you
combine
social
and
mobile
in
particular,
and
when
you
think
about
these
devices
as
an
adjunct
to
your
body,
maybe
another
body
part
as
an
auxiliary
amplifier
of
who
and
what
you
are
and
the
things
you
want.
This
woman
in
the
Philippines
have
this
beautiful
line.
It's
like
mobile
phones
become
your
partner.
So
that's
the
cyborg
kind
of
way
that
I'm
thinking
about
this
and
I'm
really
interested
to
take
your
questions
and
then
hear
how
the
panelists
are
thinking
about
these
data.
Thanks.
A
A
C
Lee
you
weren't
kidding
about
how
rich
the
data
set
is.
This
is
really
exciting.
I
noticed
in
several
of
the
data
sets
that
Kenya
and
Venezuela
really
stood
out
as
having
more
people
more
positive
about
more
things.
Is
it
possible
that's
due
to
particular
applications
that
are
available
there
and
not
in
other
places,
certain
use
use
cases
like
in
Kenya
they've
got
mobile
money
everywhere,
and
so
you
don't
necessarily
have
to
use
the
internet
for
PayPal
or
venmo.
C
A
Here
and
we
don't
speculate,
that's
a
dirty
word
at
Pew
again,
one
of
those
firing
offense
words,
but
it's
you
know
clearly
in
Kenya
the
story,
as
Alice
will
describe
in
much
more
detail,
there's
just
an
energy
and
a
sort
of
culture
of
innovation
that
have
you
know
almost
very
quickly
sort
of
change,
people's
nature
to
the
state
change
people's
nature
to
each
other
in
Kenya.
That's
probably
an
interesting
thing
to
explore
there
in
Venezuela.
You
know
what
was
so
interesting
about
our
consideration
of
Venezuela
in
this.
A
In
this
data
set
was
we've
designed
the
questions
when
economic
stresses
were
foremost
in
people's
minds,
so
in
the
September
to
December,
when
we
were
filling
survey
and
the
political
crisis
has
sort
of
emerged
from
that
later
than
our
data
can
capture,
and
there
were
some-
you
know
as
we've
shared
these
data
and
talked
about
them
internally.
There's
some
sense
that
that,
as
any
culture
that
sunders
those
kinds
of
stressors
may
be,
the
Lifeline
sensibility
is
as
part
of
it
and
there's.
A
You
know
you
hear
the
news
accounts
out
of
Venezuela
about
sort
of
ad
hoc
self,
forming
communities
of
people,
sort
of
finding
relief
or
find
making
each
other's
lives
somewhat
easier.
So
we
don't
know
whether
that's
the
story
there,
the
other,
a
bunch
of
other
data
in
Venezuela,
are
much
more
sort
of
downbeat.
People
are
less
enthusiastic
and
and
unless
happy
with
it
with
the
state
of
things.
So
it's
a
it's
a
more
of
a
mixed
bag
in
Venezuela.
B
Thanks
Lee,
this
is
a
fairly
rich
data
set.
There's
one
variable
that
I
would
have
liked
to
have
seen
in
here
and
I'm
sure.
There
are
many
more
you'd
like
to
see
there,
but
the
impact
of
price,
the
cost
of
of
the
of
the
mobile
phone
system,
the
cost
of
Internet
connectivity
on
smartphones.
What
did.
A
We
didn't
ask
about
price,
particularly
we
asked
we
formed
our
questions.
We're
gonna,
get
you
a
whole
report
on
digital
divide,
stuff
in
which
that
is
going
to
be
a
centerpiece,
and
we
were.
We
went
to
school
on
a
lot
of
really
interesting
scholarship
around.
What's
called
a
metered
mentality,
the
people,
you
know
how
affordable
our
data
plans,
so
they
ever
struggle
to
get
electricity.
Do
they
have
to
shut
off
their
phones
every
once
a
while
or
go.
A
You
know
on
a
foraging
for
Wi-Fi
kind
of
things
and
there's
a
we
know
that
there's
a
really
interesting
story
in
there,
the
other,
the
other
challenge
that
we
had
in
these
data,
that
our
our
smart
methodologists
figured
out
asking
income
questions
in
Venezuela
was
a
Mokes
game.
You
know,
and
so
we
asked
about
deprivation
measures
of
deprivation,
you
struggle
to
pay
for
health
care,
food,
clothing,
shelter
and
things
like
that,
and
we've
got
some
really
rich
findings
related
to
that
that
we're
gonna
put
out
a
little
bit
later
on
mmm-hmm.
A
D
You
mentioned
beginning
that
it
almost
became
a
study
in
linguistics
when
you
went
into
the
first
four
countries
to
start
having
these
conversations
and
the
kinds
of
words
that
they
used
about
to
describe
their
their
access.
Where
we're
different
and
I'm
wondering,
if
you
can
talk
a
little
bit
about
what
kinds
of
words
they
were
using
and
how
this
plays
out
in
the
in
the
data.
How
do
you
kind
of
take
those
words
and
find
the
similar
meaning
you're.
E
E
It's
really
important
for
things
like
social
media
that
we're
using
a
term
that
connotes
the
same
thing
in
every
country,
for
example,
and
none
of
us
are
actually
experts
in
the
languages
that
the
focus
groups
were
conducted
in
with
the
exception
of
in
Kenya,
where
most
of
them
were
in
English.
But
we
we
spend
a
lot
of
time
trying
to
figure
out
whether
the
words
that
people
used
in
the
focus
groups
were
the
ones
that
we
were
using
in
translation.
E
We
relied
more
on
the
English,
obviously
because
of
our
own
linguistic
abilities,
but
we
wanted
to
be
sensitive
to
things
like
fake
news.
That
was
a
term
that
people
used
and
actually
used
in
English,
sometimes
in
the
groups.
So
we
did
want
to
be
sensitive
to
how
people
spoke
about
their
own
terms.
But
mostly,
we
rely
on
an
expert
linguistics
firm
to
help
make
sure
we're
asking
the
right
things
and
consistently
across
all
of
our
many
many
many
languages.