Internet Society Virtual Peering Series - Central Asia, 13 Jul 2021

Previous Meeting Next Meeting

⏯

youtube image

►

From YouTube: Серия виртуальных пирингов - Центральная Азия # 2

Description

13 июля 2021 года Internet Society, RIPE NCC и Euro-IX организовали второе мероприятие серии Virtual Peering Series - Центральная Азия.

Это мероприятие было посвящено тому, почему точки обмена данными в Интернете важны для региона, преимуществах их создания и как развивать сообщества операторов для достижения общей цели.

ДИНАМИКИ
Нишал Гобурдхан, аналитик по интернет-инфраструктуре, Центр обмена пакетами (PCH)
Ставрос Константара, сетевой инженер, Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX)
Талант Султанов, соучредитель и председатель кыргызского отделения Интернет-общества
Мичуки Мванги, старший директор по Интернет-технологиям и развитию, Internet Society

МОДЕРАТОР
Ваан Овсепаян, специалист по внешним связям (Кавказ и Центральная Азия), RIPE NCC

СЛАЙДЫ
https://isoc.app.box.com/s/rs5dgn38frhyvl6wid71n54txq372exz

СКАЧАТЬ https://archive.org/details/vpsca-2

ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
https://www.internetsociety.org/events/virtual-peering-series-central-asia/vpsca-2/

A

Hello, dear members, dear colleagues, welcome you at the second Archer series event: queering service, central asia and, as you know, I want to introduce this event and how it was in general, created I. Am the director By old ties between Central Asia and the Caucasus organize a paradise princess from the event was created jointly by organizations aisa the edge of the x euro pension in order to promote peeling, establishing communication guns, let's say so: Central Asia and help our colleagues Central Asia for deployment. Here these networks of such connections.

A

We are very helped by our colleagues and partners.

A

Amciq facebook now bake and such helps. We'll talk more about this later. Thanks to our sponsors, I would like to ask you to be active. There will be 3 more events in this series, September, well,. Maybe it will be forgiven topics about regulation of the internet, and but today we make a very good presentation sides of thousands and in the process we will have the opportunity, put discuss a topic, one that will rise in this presentations and understand what we need specifically in the Central Asia of the poet in the dark.

A

We have a lot of speakers here. There are a lot of panels becoming there be free in your questions as it were start and so raise your hands. We we will definitely give you the opportunity, speak out and communicate in the point of view.

B

Well then, good afternoon, to all gathered, my name is not shulga bardan and I am an analyst By. The kirov interface with the house package is non-profit organization main, which is located in california, and we help. Development.

B

exchange We have been dealing with Internet traffic since 93 and dns systems, but this presentation is about don't stop and if you want got by information about our company contact me I will provide you additional information. But what are you see on this slide? I think you all familiar with this picture.

B

Haida dot org. This is the source where I got it here is the picture. What it looks like Internet I, don't know when I look at this picture and I don't understand a bunch, any lines that supposedly connect people. But how do we think about the internet? How we imagine it as ordinary people who use their pool every day? This is how we present it. There are Internet networks on different levels that are interconnected. These internet networks work like this, that they provide transit traffic through each other.

B

What is called and on at the basic level,. You know everything very well. These are local ISPs. These are those companies that sell access to internet in your area and ISPs. They go to another ISP for more high level, which cover immediately several cities or provides Internet services at the national level. But usually there is limited to one first level: region: ISPs are providers to, or company which is already engaged in traffic at the international level. It is global ISPs.

B

We call them that 14 companies now at the moment in the world of first-tier ISPs and what unites all these providers. Basically the same thing because we want access the internet. If you find it at the very bottom of this chain food chain, then you pay for transit traffic every month end every quarter at the end of every year. You must come to the ISP and pay for their services and accordingly,. Thanks to this, you get access to the Internet, and this is the one.

B

The model in which we grew up- everyone is not used to. Everyone knows how she is work, and actually they have such a model used to get internet access. However, ticket 25 back the next process started ISPs have begun to realize that they can save money by the fact that they will be transit. Traffic will not be transferred to a higher level use international long distance networks will directly work each other. These lilac curves are just still connection between internet provider, no more low level, I.e.

B

they started realize that such a way is more dummy fast and cheap. And, accordingly, did not start work with each other directly and now the internet looks like anyone could is in the form in which we we know this here. This is the flower in the center This . exchange for Internet traffic and all other internet providers are working through it.

B

I have already used two terms: let's define it a few times these two terms, so that everything is clear, understood what was at stake, I think that a single conceptual apparatus will allow us clearly understand what is being said. There is transit, there is peeling and the simplest concept I want up to you to convey then the following transit.

B

An agreement is an agreement that signs signed between two parties, where one party pays the other side to crank out the amount of money for provision of Internet access in limited volume and transit agreements are usually sign between exchange points, Internet traffic and aa peer-to-peer agreement. They are free for operators that is, in other words,. No money flows not at does not provide peeling image want. You can then read more about it. All my slides will be available, but in transit it's paid and peeling is free.

B

What remember and peeling is free, I still once I want to emphasize, but on the other hand, you must invest in development, internet infrastructure when I say free diaper. This means I'm talking about relationship between two interested parties.

B

So what regarding internet service providers, three main ways: method of transferring data between the Internet networks, and if you are big ISP and you have a client, a cat in your network who wants chat with a client in the same network, then this is the best situation for you winning situation, because if you its such a big green trend provider, as shown, this stock is from the left side of the client from the client from right side, clients left side pays you, for example, a dollar and a client which is shown on the right side.

B

Too, pays you a dollar for internet access And. As a matter of fact, network network should work this your single task. There is nothing complicated, no and in the end, you earn 2 dollars it's great for you, as for the internet provider, so this is the first scene of the view.

B

Your client wants to chat with another to your own clients, however,, none internet provider, not so much grains to cover the whole world, the whole globe and remember I- am you showed the graph, I said that now 77 thousand 77,000 Internet networks, of which the whole internet is global? So for so that your network can communicate with another network. You must connect to someone else's network and what was until now known model is through transit. Transit network networks are then connected us to the global internet situation.

B

Now it's changing. Yes, you see green provider to green green customers with us left side, right side, red providers, red client and 1 transit. Wear want to give birth to the network of networks can be a few. And what do we see here? Red and green networks to make money on their clients? But actually it is theirs business model they provide access to their customers on the Internet,.

B

But since there is no direct connection between green and red ISP, they are forced to go to the transit network and, as a result, do not pay transit provider osiris and set like some money and in As a result,. They receive money from customers, but at the same time, pay transit networks and, most importantly, on what I wanted sharpen your mind. This they get profits. The next dollar minus, what they pay: transit network, that is, one minus x, a it's less than 2 dollars. Anyway. The next situation is more advantageous.

B

The same the same 2 networks are the same two provider. However, they work through same exchange, point Internet traffic or after several it is not so important, and here is the difference. Next, since they're peeling through internet traffic exchange point, they are each other. A friend is not paid any money for the exchange, traffic and green and red network receive by dollar from own clients, but so how do they not pay each other any money? Because there is no commercial agreements between red and green provider. They save a dollar that is the biggest ralph.

B

Is here what they have profit dollar? So it turns out three scenario: 2 dollars, unit minus x, I so how this word will turn out and the last one is dollar, respectively, any national. The network will always strive to earn 2 dollars yes,, but the main task of any business is to make a profit, and people want to make as much money as possible. But it's not practical for one internet provider x try to cover the whole globe respectively. Literate networks, huge literate providers- always I, will strive to increase revenue.

B

Your profit, if you can't earn $2, then next on rationality step is to earn just a dollar. They dollar cons, accordingly,. It is necessary to maximize peering number number of peels, and this is what you will have to do sooner or later start doing, because there are three the main way to provide traffic between different networks of different providers and we use exchange points. Internet traffic is very much today will talk in more detail about . exchange, however, I want to convey to you next thought.

B

exchange, Internet traffic, this physical infrastructure, now giant switches are building or there a whole series, a whole range of switches, Basically, they are switches., allow you to earn extra money will provide and full and benefits of other speakers will be about it to speak in more detail. I have listed main benefits, won't now talk about them in detail, because I already said later at your leisure read my presentation where these points are traffic exchange. Yes, all over the world.

B

I By the way, I found this one this morning found this map of the world with dots here, __ ], by the way to sow. no,. This one hangs map for twenty-fifth years in the western europe, in the usa and in brazil at most number of points in exchange for the metro traffic to other countries are still lagging behind and the rest of the world is lagging behind.

B

Why she, and by the way, it's okay, you in fact, Internet traffic exchange points are located in the countries of the largest of the largest population and, most importantly, where, and when to build exchange points for the Internet will be devoted to this second part of my presentation, well,. Actually, me I want to take a little break and the task very important question to our experts, for why do the gods need peeling? Please? Yes,.

A

Why do we need pepper and ask.

A

The issue of reducing Express is economic expediency. You question national security question, a question of performance, economic development. Why pepper and here such a question- and let's discuss this a bit question your opinions? Why do we need at all before have me hollande.

C

Let me start and then them be colleagues pick up my name talent. I connected to from bishkek when a country republic paint a.

D

Share on a colleague sheet.

A

C

Launched online oxide.

A

Bar audience, I.e. why the participants in general,, we need Central, Asia, perry, well,. A lot of people say that Well, we already don't know the connection before some. Why do you need peeling with everyone, for example,, or why do we need peeling principle,? Then it means you need about talk about this in more detail. If we have, there is no answer to this question. Why do we need a bearing at all fringe bahroma perrin needed to reduce the cost of the boarding school and to reduce fringe delays? Wanna speak questions janna from tajikistan.

A

He, yes, he actively participate in all activities. Industries fringe.

E

Us reggiano flag. Thank you! Imagining 100g cyst at workin, u operator megaphone tajikistan and here on about peeling, based on experience, I, can to say that peeling is very useful, very important.

F

E

Part internet connection between providers within the same country there between neighboring countries, because first for those countries that are there with tabs- yes exactly here, which are the endpoints and they don’t let them pass further about transit, transit, internet internet connection for them very expensive and therefore, when there is no kirin voices and connect with others, jar providers. Other countries, then for tof reach from point a to point. A in one country, point b in another country necessary get out through there. Some European countries there through some Russian country, particular give central asia.

E

What that finish seems to increase the cost of this traffic is also this peeling reduces delays between between resources. For example, we have we for example,, we have a border with China and we are on, but unfortunately we do not have peeling reunification with china, so us necessary in order to achieve resources. Chinese resources, us gotta, get out there in transit through this entire central Asia to Russia there and there to Europe or can reach China through America. What?

E

If there was a direct connection, we could linger there until 56 there millisecond to walk, and now there she is, it gets to 400 again 500 milliseconds. This is one of the highlights need change. Thank you.

A

Thank you fringe and I behold. The talent began. Talk to him in my technical problems were talents, I hear you.

C

I hear I hear you, I hear you perfectly.

A

C

I wanted to quickly talk about our experience started launching a couple of years ago, Internet them than the Ferghana Valley dispute. We.

A

Don’T hear you we don’t hear from and vice versa, I can.

C

A

C

Yes and when we we started, the internet toxin is standing with us when the country was one of the most expensive Internet services in the region and in the world and challenge in order to reduce the cost internet features for residents Ferghana Valley,. We decided that it was necessary to launch a point city osh. U how to stop such feature. We about how geographically divided into series. We had one internet check point in the north of Bishkek. It existed for about 2 for almost 20 years.

C

He has been the only country, but when we started run index and point country began.

B

To appear new and.

C

Now already several xp work in just not many of them are private, say no independent above, but guess it good for astana market and think for this time, and the price is very strong, get all the ballads on the internet and the quality has improved, and that is very good. Thanks to the support of the internet society npc, we spent a lot here. Trainings and technical country capacity also increased.

C

This is what I wanted to share thanks. Thank.

A

You talent, aziz, wanted to speak aziz, gold, baev, hello,.

D

Everyone I said in Russian,, I, too,, as it were, presents with some creativity, but in I am currently doing xp development in uzbekistan generally supposedly. traffic exchange is very improves. Kazan such a digital lose countries to some extent information security, especially if xpb is combined with rendered to the leasing of international services, root servers and, as part of this activity, Uzbekistan. We are developing points on traffic sns aix, which designed to help improve, and this is the connection we are already at. The stage of both says launch.

D

A couple of ready-made servers is airat is fruit and we're on 10 all the time sing together. There are multiple servers together with right, key and root, and thus this is generally how to do it.

D

Stability becomes Asia as a whole.

D

Connectedness expression, as the president of the most optimally responds to what is . traffic exchange region thanks thanks.

A

Aziz, we have more question to Talgat still wanted to act as a soldier good.

F

Afternoon colleagues, talgat brazenly baev Kazakhstan I'm in the past, here are ours. Meeting there one gentleman wash out Russia spoke on the account of the fact that in Kazakhstan is prohibited by law. I, don't think so. I'm still finding out could not ask this question because I contacted the ministry digital develop and there, and so on. Well, I still haven't received an answer, I'll come I. Think you, gentlemen, really look. Everything you say is correct.

F

Xp allows you to improve connected to the internet, thereby increasing its stability. optimize packet, routing, But, considering historical conditions.

F

Kazakhstan is a hub for Central Asia, that is,, almost all the paths of the internet go through to seem there and Of course, here's what I'm suggesting first., given the raipo here to the temple, and so you 1, I contacted explore to conduct some study. How routing is going between the countries of the central from themselves? Does traffic leave us? kyrgyzstan and tajikistan seem whether he enters there through Europe or through Russia and conduct such a study? It would be in I. Think it's interesting here are colleagues I thought everyone would be interested once in?

F

Second well, Kazakhstan is natural hub and, although colleagues are not always happy, probably the fact that how our Kazakh internet service providers, what conditions exhibits, especially our Kyrgyz colleagues,, but nevertheless it is a fact. So if we talk about aix, nickel, Central Asian, then natural, of course it must be positioned in Kazakhstan. It seems to me- and- and here some way from here- it's Central Asian, an employee who would be good to adjust. She could play a big role for us thanks.

A

Bail very interesting question: we raised about legal regulation back in more detail on for sure on next step, 5 because well very, it is important that she is in the center of Asia, now give more statuses share thoughts stavros! Please! Yes,.

B

Excellent excellent, thank you very much for that that they invited to this very interesting event, very interesting discussion. Well.

B

In addition to all those benefits which have already been mentioned in the previous speakers, I would also like to mention the following internet exchange, point fact: traffic and the development of such points for traffic. Localization increases stability, Internet and the current eco-system Internet. It is chaotic, and even more so adidas adidas still going on a few types of attacks occur every minute all over the world,. Many customers start suffer due to the fact that transit traffic is forwarded and route ziru and because it raises their costs, and sometimes customers have to go to.

B

They have to take extreme measures generally to reduce Consequence disadvantage. Refuse routing was completely refuse traffic. However, if you do peels and if the traffic transfer through local points traffic exchange, it will allow you provide at least some traffic and route packet data packets to its customers,. It will increase the resilience sustainability of the Internet infrastructure, adidas such from Chinese hackers or brazilian. No matter you can still locally via ISPs, provide customers Internet access, while the client does not even have anything notice. You will only see this routing in europe.

B

We are with this constantly collide. Internet traffic exchange points plays very important role in traffic localization, all traffic, halo, colin and yet the end customer is provided with everything, services and Internet access without any. The same applies to problems in the United States and other regions to additional benefit from the month and include more and benefits for local communities. When you do peeling through dots, Internet traffic exchange, then you get additional benefits.

B

When we exchange point in korasau deployed about fifteen years ago, then the internet quality of the locals was very good low and because all traffic, even between local providers, went through miami consequently,, the delays were huge And.

B

Now the quality of the internet is significantly increased for the local community in corasau and I just occupied in that sweeps. Internet traffic exchange for korasau know what I'm talking about. We invited all the young, local, ISPs and representatives small networks. We told them about. Everyone indicated the advantage of peeling. They started masha diesel traffic through peeling, correspondingly minimized prices at this significantly improved the quality Internet connections. In addition, google global pass.

B

We are there too deployed through local providers, it improved the quality of the internet, some Internet services and were additional research has been carried out and they showed how these two steps they were important to local community is, as I wanted, to give one of the examples. I think that will happen in the future the same in those regions where we will be wreckage, deploy . internet exchange abruptly the same applies to countries.

B

Central Asia seems to me that the local communities by the local community and top will go hand in hand, because the quality Internet connections will improve and speed. It will also increase for me on this. Thank you very much stavros. We already got out a bit from the schedule. No show please keep going thanks. Yes, sorry.

A

Likes dislikes hearts, if you liked the content or performances we have here, rivers, a chance, not forget, prevented a sale.

B

Thanks well, here is the life cycle of the internet with ISP's point of view, communicate mainly with the Internet providers,, but this model will be touch. Any network operator operator and I would now like to quickly run through these slides and tell about what the life cycle looks like if there is no peering here, the traditional model in which we all are familiar with the Internet provider. This internet provider serves its customers and accordingly, he buys transit traffic, most likely a single provider of transit and sooner in total,.

B

This provider will not be located within your country, apply to major transit provider from in more developed industrial countries with it all started, and the Internet came to all countries in this form such a model glitch.

A

Son out of the oven and pass what.

B

Do we see on this slide here? We see that you are already working as an internet provider as an exchange office. Yes, it turns out such an exchange office for national currency, because you sign contract in dollars in euros in rubles. Don't know in what currency you sign.

B

This is all with an external provider, while you sign a huge amount agreements with clients who are in your country and respectively,. These agreements signed in local currency know when you have local currency, so you aggregated this customer base at the same time, sign with them usually short-term contracts, and essentially you local currency, translate into canada, hard currency that you pay to an external provider. South Africa is a good example for the last 10 years and we currency well our national currency by compared to other major currencies depreciated a lot.

B

So if you live in a developing country me to tell you about how devaluation of the currency and more, if in the long term, take and look at the curve, then you understand payment to an external provider becomes more and more headaches because you receive money in local currency pay in hard currency, freely convertible currency. So are you probably now you see what you think generally bears?

B

We came about peeling, listen and traffic exchange channels, a he will tell about the economy here,, but this fundamental things really because, in addition to all benefits that have already been mentioned, yes, this and content, localization and free exchange, and so on and so on in the foreground. Although we very often forget about this factor, is the following: This retention mechanism, maintaining the exchange rate of the national currency, a it is very important for developing countries, life cycle, internet network.

B

Paul, a new provider appears transit for reservations, well, you're on at the output. You get two things. First, this is a reservation. If one ISP something breaks, you can switch to transit provider 2, and this will allow you to provide uninterrupted internet access customers,. This is what is meant by reservation, but at the same time, in independent, whether you understand it or not, get more extra advantage return.

B

The advantage one more thing: when another transit appears provider, you shorten the route, access to Internet resources, but simple, imagine a simple example: there is a cloud where you are written. You are the internet provider transit network, one very simple situation. Yes, here is just one route to you need to access the internet. I don’t know some kind of search engine,. This is cloud a and social network. It respectively, a cloud of b numbers here. Absolutely random here is the amount the number of nodes through which your traffic must pass.

B

In order for you to got access on 5 and 7, it turns out conventions 12, respectively 2, about on you resource. Therefore, middle route for your client is 6 6 knots. I understand that this is a simplified simplified example, but nevertheless, patience I will get to the main message. So here is the average average route average route for your client.

B

It will be 6 if you add a second transit network, then most likely it will work with other networks with other exchange points and the trend is traffic,, so the route will be other and the cost of routing will be the other, respectively, is now yours network,. There are two ways to access the resource that I told you yes here by . for other things being equal,, your network will be use the cheapest and most fast route.

B

Well, and if you are coming back to our boss example, the smallest the number of nodes, respectively,, you go this way, which I highlighted with color and accordingly, you have. The middle route, will be shortened and will already be consist of 4 nodes on average.

B

This is again a simplified example,, but nevertheless it demonstrates well a very simple thing that concerns the Internet, and this is a fundamental thing which is very important for your network network provider users in automatic mode, because the technologies are appropriate used in networks because they drink dating technology won't now and discuss, and so on. Therefore, network technology is focused on ensure minimum delay. According to your client, too, would like to have a quick and cheap route is very important concept. Why?

B

Because, when we we reach 3 parts of the life cycle of Internet networks, This single point, Internet traffic volume in country, what happens? User content and networks will optimize everything for content to reach you the shortest path? And ideally this path should go through a single national internet traffic exchange. Point word: single on wrong is better through the first through the first exchange point: Internet traffic. If you have more content, if there are more paths, routes, users will use them anyway. Capital will not flow out of the country from your country to a developed country.

B

I I am an economist by education, pretend that I know what peeling is pdp and for twenty-five years. I have pretend that I know what peeling is and without the jeep, however, at the level at the price and strategists need to develop traffic exchange points, because it helps prevent capital flight from your country to other countries in which exchange points have already been created.

B

Internet traffic, what's going on when you have already reached the level when the network about Internet providers have grown to to such an extent that you do not just end users as customer base, a city becomes your ultimate users, that is, you become already network service, provider,, etc. this is actually the question that I would like to address. Our experts I would like to discuss this in more detail. When I get to the end of this section like this, and do I like the example because I they help to visualize everything.

B

Let's, let's break down a simple concept.

B

This is the concept we use every single day, but maybe you just she didn't imagine it that way, routing with minimal delay, and here it is described as data packets transported between different networks. Why? The hotpot of this is being used hot, potato analogy, because when it's hot so that it doesn't burn your hands and tossing from one hand to the other and the traffic is forwarded in a straight line, take into account the minimum delay again.

B

We have two networks, red and green red client who wants to forward this green client, and if we have two exchange points, internet traffic as it will be route. This traffic see red client wants to transfer to the green client data will move accordingly from left to left to right, respectively data packet sends to red Internet provider, that is, your network, because the red client pays red internet provider for essentially for access to the Internet for transit traffic red at the red network.

B

There are two two options, because he is this: the provider is connected to two points of exchange. Internet traffic on numbers, 1 and 2 is not respectively. By default. There are two options, you can or 1 minus I put an end to transfer traffic. Well, remember our analogy with hot potatoes, yes, it’s necessary to transfer how, as quickly as possible from one hand to another so as not to review, do not get burned.

B

Therefore, red ISP in the near the point is thrown by the rafik, that is, to xp one red ISP decides that sends this packet to the exchange point intercom number one respectively, green pro green network sees what the data packet came and how responsible trend provider it receives from the point exchange for number one.

B

This data is transited back over more long route, doesn't matter. There is a short and a long route return. Transit green network goes through long route and further data packet already sent to the customer. Actually it only half of the operation required for to ensure the operation of such a model,. But you, you know very well that all our Internet operations this and receiving receiving data according to how the other package will go. Data from green from green client green. He now wants to direct something to red red customers respectively.

B

Sends data to green ISP ISP work on the same model, the same solution as the red ones, I.e. on the shortest route.

B

A data packet is sent by analogy with hot potatoes respectively, trying to get rid of the data packet like as soon as possible and green ISP sends data packet to data exchange, point at number two and then red the network picks up from there to the return in transit,, respectively, the client and communicate with each other. The internet works.

B

Everyone is happy, everyone is happy, but now, let's look at it from the point of view costs 2 ISP two points traffic and if they acted separately, then they would have to int and invest in infrastructure development to stand by the ends: infrastructure and payment routers at each exchange, point plus more shots, this photo and so on and so on. In this In, a very simple example, we see the following, since both providers are connected to two points of exchange and to far and near then they can justly share expenses.

B

Green provider to receive money from the client can invest in this development. Same goes for infrastructure, red ISP, such model works great and so on, and so on. As a matter of fact, here, full 7, 3, fair sharing of costs that are borne by ISPs I, talked about that peeling is not free and fun because you want to manage your networks, but in fact it is so if you ISP, then you anyway will invest in the development of the network to pay specialists for maintenance is in in any case,.

B

You need to do it in __ ]. We say so. The effectiveness of the Internet depends on the implementation of the following principle, and if there are two exchange points and if both partners are connected to these exchange points, the traffic will go exactly along the shortest way. Naturally, like this, how the Internet will develop- and this will be true even for everyone,, but the conclusion sounds like I'm up to stayed real. What if we don't have two exchange points and I came to this conclusion?

B

Cities of the country and the whole economy which have not yet created exchange points. Internet traffic put themselves in uncomfortable position, because, if u you do not have your own exchange point Internet traffic in local context turns you capital from the country you enter well, and here is a small picture, for that is all visualize here. Imagine you green web and you don't have your own internet traffic exchange point?

B

Yes, you will always pay for the longest route for a long circuit, no matter where this franc to amsterdam or to london, you you will, you will pay for the long distance trunk connection, and here is the provider with the other side will always have lower cost will always be occur, and actually, if you own, is missing. exchange Internet traffic in the region,, then you will always pay for backbone connection: how to escape from how to get out of this vicious circle this model and how to make it so that providers could work directly.

B

First, you need to have several points at once: exchange traffic and ideally have nearest exchange point to pay for less less route. Well- and that's me like it here, this equation started the thing. First, I shaved, I'm joking of course,, but the most important thing memorize this speed equation, multiplied by the distance is yours: cost is your cost and when you you will build your networks. Remember this in principle,.

B

If everything was in full-time format, happened, I would ask you the following question: which of your customers would like, so that the speed of Internet access in Internet was lower? Who needs who needs slow access? I. Ask everyone in All I ask is questions in service in one Caribbean country, swimming pool, I was told, I would like to clients had slow access to Internet, but in other countries everyone thinks that people want everything, bigger and faster, respectively higher speed and plus more for less money.

B

You already see two bottleneck in one equation with one hand, up speed up, another country needs to reduce costs, and not you have to be seven spans in the forehead to realize that the only variable in which you can work it is essentially distance is what we need think about how to shorten the distance for, in order to cut your costs, the money you pay for content or for gaining access to those networks in which will allow you to reach this content, drawing new ganu and other experts and hopes, and now it will turn out fruitful discussion.

B

Please thank you.

A

Very much our translator are transporting boats yes,, and we have an interesting question. Question flog and duct get out of this vicious system how to build a local national to the system and from making us have a good content, local content, because we right or other regions according to soviet space, let's say use mostly content, which is not generated by us as attract international participants and as if minimize our costs, connection, think dear participants. Here's a question by the way, here's an interesting one at the expense, 1 1.

A

The most question is which national we have content in central countries Asia or we don't use YouTube anymore. I, know the bull mail.ru. We have some national comfort national server, which we would like it will be possible to call upon which may be interesting for all regions, state of an.

C

A

Of course, please.

C

Me first wanted by content and then I changed a little your run to the same story by content, especially during coffee. We understood that this is a very big problem, especially educational content. Boarding schools in kazakhstan started a lot of work on it and launched a project called or boxing. 20, where we create. We create educational content in the local language because, yes, there is in Russian. If do you know english? There is a huge amount of educational content English, but in rat language, which is very much in demand in rural regions.

C

Very few, and now we are over these video of my years. I will write a link where possible will see what we are working on. I also changed mine. A bit programs just indicator continued discussions that he held interfered with talked about.

C

And here I am just giving examples that we have cooperation between Internet service providers or mobile operators are very limited here on. You can see in the pictures that there are three mobile operators cost three basic stations on one hill or three ISP pulls out the cable and each builds his own table between them left corner, I.e. no such cooperation to put at least one stop together. Each puts up his post and pulls his each cable builds its own tower, hangs up his athens and spends until electricity.

C

Also on separate electric poles that you don't stand that is, this cooperation between operators and lends itself to a rational explanation. There is an economy, we mean that we all rational players, sometimes beauty and for alexpilot.

C

It is in Kazakhstan that it is so big question how a Dad will be all ISPs sit down together at the same table and, as it were, share infrastructure and leader alekseich point latest.

D

Photos because of this, a lot of selka.

C

Will still become like it doesn't have access to the internet because somewhere there are three basic stations in one place and somewhere else, no grandfather, two.

A

Cables go lunch.

C

At all, no thanks thanks.

A

Talent, well, this question by the way, refers to the regulator to probably sharing sharing in about structures, not only whole structures, but also not about structural, for example, electrical networks, other public- maybe yes, this is a question that different people have countries, decide differently, of course, and you might as well ask about it interfered with our other speakers as they see how this issue is solved, in others, countries, at least by all means to this question back in September, because again, this is one of the the most fundamental question in the center anozie.

A

That's exactly access to the structure shall we say, and access to physical infrastructure is very important on the other sides,. You very correctly noted that that, while the species has access to public resources such as educational resources, resources, state bodies, they it has become very important and I know that some Central Asian countries back to the legislative regulator. Us level was recommended by the provider or was direct so to speak way to provide access to these resources.

A

She herself was in the Caucasus in other regions, so about the content. Talent shared reference. How how? How do you think everything what other shelves are there for development? Here? Are the networks,? Please put it again. Our issue, foreign participants, are the same. For example.

A

Interfered with this question applies, for example, sat or refers to network operators, I.

B

Will see Misha Misha kipa raised his hand, well, I I think he will answer this question bears of this word. Thank you very much. Thank you. Very much did not go for introducing me and for the fact that they gave me their word,. So what about foreign participants here must be understood following is the added value which will bring each network to the point of exchange Internet traffic.

B

For this reason, interconnection therefore peeling so important, I'm talking about on the basis of cooperation, experience mixed major, the last 10 years we've been there developed ecosystems and when people reach construction., Internet traffic,, but I don’t think that magic wand, they traffic, will skyrocket. Naturally, on this never happens in practice., it is necessary to understand the role of not only physical infrastructure cats, that is this and fiber optic. Yes, yes, switch bring. U so on so on. You need to understand how important is the role communities,. They must understand that created ecosystem.

B

What is possible in it work and you all separately play a very important role in the development. Further growth of your regional networks- and very often everyone ignores this- is the role of communities and networks content delivery, respectively. The question is how to create own content locally, all begins with the understanding that we are them mind. The ambassador are local. What services are already provided locally, which are not available on internet traffic exchange points. Many countries.

B

The government has not yet digitized so far, so you, for example, you can help him to the government of your countries have digitized. This will allow developing its public services. You networks and traffic exchange points. What previously not digitized. Now two hundred to three hundred thousand services have been digitized digitized. It creates, creates itself by own content, delivery networks and, moreover, that traffic is increasing, but also demand increased use. Increased the number of users is growing, so you don't have to go there..

B

The office can be accessed remotely to data via the Internet, via some resources beyond banking services. This is another good example of traditional banks were the first to go digital and now mobile applications appears. This means that everything banking services available now via app thanks to digitalization accordingly,. All these services will be go through exchange points, Internet traffic,, this will again increase traffic will increase local users. Next, there is a huge corporate market.

B

The number of companies that traditionally did not even consider exchange points, Internet, traffic, because,, again,, not digital, didn't digitize, your business make them digitize and you will even more traffic through exchange points, Internet traffic, these plus more educational educational content networks.

B

Often such networks did not have access to exchange points by the way in some countries, even there are no networks for training and educational content. Engage scholars of the scholarly community tell him about what this is a convenient way. It will increase traffic by your exchange points. Therefore, networks, ecosystems, ecosystems can be developed, and we see that a huge number innovation is now taking place in the field. Content creation radiation used to be used by others, ways: Internet access and content delivery.

B

Now it's all done through Internet traffic exchange points and for example, in Central Asian countries in Russia. Now more and more traffic is coming through exchange points,, for example, all sorts of sweepstakes put up during euro 2021 plus we watched all euro games 2020. It is through the Internet that they TV, so it increased the traffic plus. All these sweepstakes, too traffic was increased by all these components.

B

You have to link, it will allow you to develop and the exchange points themselves and content networks, and now we come to next question: how attract foreign players and foreign networks, foreign networks themselves, will come and give you two things. First hindered talking about what networks would also like to get customers and in your markets, so they will work through your exchange points and individuals and legal entities By the way, I'm, not just talking about networks.

B

content, but also about the network operators. They will also come to your market,, of course, required regulator to good legislation, for so that foreign networks can take advantage opportunity to enter your market come here for peeling and not for that to sell your services and if, if they're, just for peeling comes you, you can because they don't need a license. No, they will build their own soda infrastructure and, if right there Peeling will start. Then you are wrong, of course, the main milestone which will be required for the development of your ecosystems.

B

The following exchange points will enable foreign players participate in the development of the model guide. For example, there is a dot operator through . pancakes in kenya. Maybe there c Uzbek colleagues to cooperate and tell them about how they want their. The builders were bargaining for it to allow increase transparency in the future and I, as an interested party, will it is natural to do everything in order to it was convenient for me to come to work later through to the exchange point. Therefore, at the level communities.

B

moments of traffic, work, I already said that for such communities to establish and develop, this will allow you to end up with an ecosystem, build further grow and develop as a result you have, and traffic will increase through exchange points and so on,. Thank you all for that.

A

I, just would like more in power on content on sing. How to convey the word here. I would like more raise. One poll, for example, we're talking about fringe, for example, said that the state should allow exp to be interested in its development.

A

We are talking about permissive, how to say permissive part, and there is only more the part that more support for the state sent, for example, the same xp sp connect to x and because it's important for the state, if our countries Central Asia, is it or not, and how do you think it might be important or not?

A

F

Again good afternoon, colleagues I wanted to say about the content, but it's clear what hardly Central Asian content will arouse great interest outside of central asia. One should be realistic. Even such countries like European major countries like France or Germany, they did not create anything for such sites and portals that would be very would have such worldwide popularity that is, in fact,. There is probably several islands somewhat more correctly major such content providers of countries before that,, first of all,, the usa English-speaking audience.

F

Flour, then naturally, but this one is such a thing is closed to China,, but also in our territory of the CIS is probably the largest Russia. Is the content provider examples of such popular content? I can just bring our Kazakh, but let's say we have such a singer bright, laughter on? U tube. She has over about 130 million views for central I think this is a very good result. and we have others like that. Performers of the popular dimash tam kairat nurtas they have 50 to 20 million there. Views on you tube is.

A

Clear immediately throws links so that we too viewed on. U.

F

Tube, I often list you all these performers. Ladies, let's.

A

F

Post, it now 50 to several tens of millions views on youtube in a clear and such in Central Asia. We will not create too and channel them water, something like that YouTube or here I, give such an example now about the casino and the problems with it, with online learning really on us from you arose. Kazakhstan is such a problem, I think that in other countries may have something similar board.

F

When in schools we have several million children go to school and during the pandemic we have a year and a half children studied online schools were closed and and but almost all schools were closed from in mainly used from zoom form. Servers are located in america. Naturally, external channels were overloaded and in in the end, the Azuma gave it up. Some was a replacement, not very good.

F

Let's say just issued the ectaco control this diary before such so nozomi, when with it, schoolchildren were given just something like they gave the task to e-mail performed there by the same e-mail, mail or some place handed over to the teacher to complete the task. Because of what we didn't have there were no internal servers here: videoconferencing software that based on local servers, load sludge and the outer channel, that is,. It is still again says that besides xp I need a little, I go beyond xp.

F

You need to create the same servers for the same local content, especially here pandemic, as I understand. It, is not going to still quickly ending, so that's all soon enough will be enough relevant and except for xp. You need to create those the same server to him immediately. Let's say moodle, which are very popular used in educational community around the world, and this module servers can be placed locally better in the cloud.

F

Let's say some a major provider like Kazakhtelecom is I, say it myself, that is, like this another moment, besides xp, naturally expert, it's clear, that's all, and the last thing I wanted say: that's our colleague's talent in my opinion, said that there is a problem in Kyrgyzstan there is remote village access to Internet in these remote communities. Paragraphs is very difficult. This is a problem.

F

Clear everywhere exists, even in the most developed must be strange,, but we have kazakhstan twentieth year last year that is, the program ended, well,, how approves our ministry of digital program development, 250, +, I.e. settlements with with a population of 250 or more it's a fairly small town point and before them before all should have been brought to 1 a little Kazakhtelecom. An optical cable had to be brought and then already distributed there by mobile by the way, I wanted to offer.

F

By the way this world is not so mouse wifi, this one such a project was offered but I have. Why then, did not go through the rap war in Europe quarrel, shocked? Oh well, it's like I, just k the word had to, and here we have the situation such with remote settlements. I I think it's probably a little better than other countries of our region, well,. Here we have. This is the situation all on this layer. We finish the speech.

A

Thank you very much talgat before we, let's move on to the next part, Finally,. Let's say that I would like to ask a question, so they think about.

B

A

Speakers and after we finish answering again or but it's in basically not even sleeping and frame content provider may have questions and the people who interacted content providers.

A

Whether there is a advantage at work with pms work with work on entirely by operators, e.g. yes, that is, if to put gray hair if preferable, whether paste for them is stronger in xp than u operators, and please can you answer this question at the next session and now hindered please forward by the way, change the question from what arises, because that those providers that are definite the will of the content so to speak, work with content provider. This is facebook itself, google, they already put their sat there and there is no more reason.

A

Big, then singer participate in xp interfered. Well, thank.

B

You very much Well I, don't agree with the last one.. I am responsible for three points exchange in your country, but oh well, I'll go over the slides first and then we can return to the discussion. The question you asked,, so what do we have occurred before 2019 internet growth every time every 11 months twice and in 2020 when the pandemic broke out coronavirus well,? Now it's even difficult determine the growth rate and how much Internet for 2022, respectively, when see such an exponential pace, growth 1 by 1 is simple, which you ask yourself.

B

This is how to scale such growth and usually how everything is scaled. First, you need to understand that there are several elements to be covered, gotta work and that's about it. Designing the entire process It's, not just about exchange points., Internet traffic about all elements, ecosystems, some of them. We already mentioned repeatedly well, the exchange has already been said a hundred times. However, you have to understand. What. exchange. Internet traffic is very important element. This vicious circle modernization there are still local contours, meaning if internet local trin providers cannot access exchange points.

B

Therefore, local contour needed, if you have fast and fiber only in big cities, and you don't have backbone national network. You can't do anything even if you will be created. exchange Internet traffic I will not now detail dwell on each element. Vaper is that our time is already ends and secondly,. You can download the slides on leisure to study it on the slides right. There describes each of these step by step. elements that are needed as Structural elements want it again emphasize no, not only exchange points.

B

Internet traffic is those elements which will allow you to provide economic growth which in turn necessary for the development of exchange, points traffic, but here's the digital to the system, which everyone says is also necessary, create domestically at the national level, and besides, I want to immediately note that legislation also plays a very important role, because legislation describe how you will deploys all this structure and as far as I understand the following event of our peeling series: 1 form we will discuss legislation.

B

I regulator, q, more in detail, well,, and the main conclusion that I I would like to convey to. You sounds like the following way: . Internet traffic exchange is not a panacea, and this is just one of the elements you build yourself an exchange point, and then you will expect explosive growth if it is not pass. You start asking the question again and where there is no growth,, you need to understand what this The system is complex and consists of different elements. They are constantly changing, but on in fact,, this equation is complex.

B

Decide why I think it's a circle virtue is not a vicious circle is closed and precisely vicious, namely the circle of virtue, but because this cycle is usually takes about 2 years in 2 years you have completely updated and muscles. exchange and local loops and national networks, and so on so on. In the end, you, you are coming back., where it all started an endless circle of married and circle virtue,. But this system should look like this, of course, more elements than 5 initial ones which you originally showed.

B

But when you within your system, you will spend analysis and see which components have you have and what else needs to be built. This will be a good starting point: accordingly,. You need to be able to control scroll and a list of things to do so that all these components are lined up and then you could I don't want to upgrade now go into details, because we will have a separate discussion on this dedicated, however, on what now I would like to stop and that required for deployment exchange.

B

Point operation, Internet traffic, because after all, it's basic basic yo pray. My the motive of today's meeting, I have already said: What I am responsible for three points of traffic exchange in my country for many years, I have media stockings, not only in South Africa,, but in general, throughout different countries. Deal with these issues, And five main elements that are reflected in this slide from my point of view are fundamental and the same now I will not go into detail on them, spread because the experts our do it first.

B

This leadership and I believe that the community is m to o non-profit organizations is the most the best option to be used for deployment and dots. internet traffic exchange points. Unfortunately, we now live in the world when many start to build dots traffic exchange for profit. I, don't like this idea and I. Don't I like this kind of philosophy when they say that traffic exchange is something. What do you need to make money on those points, exchanges that I promote on the contrary,?

B

They are based on the fact that they will absolutely free for those interested sides, because if people start earn money and create added value at exchange points That, such as things like tech support or new equipment or fiber operation, different points. All all all this money will be from your pocket. These you to me. Of course you can say: yes, you didn’t interfere at all. You know what you're talking about,, but you live in general in another, not in that world, but in Johannesburg, their analysis 25 years ago was absolutely nothing like this city.

B

Now you see, we were asked the same ones, the same questions as will develop traffic exchange points as we will attract employees and specialists and I already said people need to be created community yankoo, and we will of course understood that we are at the very bottom food chain. If we don't tackle, the old flower of the exchange is for us, then make another.

B

While there will be money for this is to take over 25 years we have developed quite an attractive model, and now large chains externally to us come invests in infrastructure and further fright this structure in order to transfer content from our country. Remember I showed you how short and long route, and only the last, for several years, we have convinced the network externally content to come to South Africa, that's how it is works. In fact they are the only one.

B

The cost that they bear external content networks is to stretch cable hair from one city to another. Why do I think that it is necessary to create community n to a because n, to a gives you time, people by the way we even free hair cables. New points: why? Because now more and more of that professionals understand the importance of . Crap, it's not only latency reduction, it's not only local content. Development is and additional economic benefits.

B

Therefore, if you take it together, if you create a community m, someone will be much easier to attract investors,. This is actually mine recommendation for you. You have to think about how so that . they worked for you make money with this money. As for neutrality, well,, of course, neutral location is the most perfect option, because there are examples of what soda which different operators are used. This is the same best exchange point. It's all fine. However, you need to understand that there are not so many even in the whole world.

B

There are not so many of them, so I think the consensus is more important. Concept than costs are not necessary, build a neutral here. If you, if well, that you need it. exchange,, for example, northwest african country decided they needed it. sharing. They borrowed two million dollars from World Bank built data center. The wrong decision is now large exchange points that started with pantry in the hotel. Of course, I can about for a long time to talk about it. Only time already ending so here is. The exchange.

B

Point should be with those places in which we not networks will be ready to work,, but for this requires consensus, consensus, always more important than pro n k, locations and I already mentioned m x. He always seeks to reduce costs. We even have a saying the main task of exchange points is to reduce average transfer cost per beat.

B

Accordingly, if you artificially will inflate the cost of transfers, scored if you take too big money from operators of Internet providers, but then again,, if you have 10 peer nodes, you will take them. Money, then, will employ specialists to pay them salary. In the end, it's people, but because people will refuse your services points.

B

Further equipment thousand provides free switches. A and juice also represented a free server. But if you have three interested the parties are there: they are ready to work, With . exchange, please you can already, and not only don't try to create make money from it and . exchange should contribute to the development, your local community and do not think that you drive a point of exchange and then everything will shoot,. Although there is such a concept, help clothes field of miracles, approach, field of miracles does not work in relation to exchange points,.

B

You first need to get consensus on what it's about all countries in any part of the world. Major country with.

B

Low dense population, population density, or vice versa, large countries with high density population,, the most important thing is reach a consensus and then vocal level will be peeling if there will be no peeling. and sharing with you never shoot and no good will not therefore invest in development. The development of the local itself is the most important, but I like the last one.

B

The offer on this herd is written there that we all, as operators, compete on commercial level,, but actually it fundamental goal of our work for make money because we compete commercially,, but we cooperate on technical. We work on a technical level,, even with main competitors and like this competing cooperation, allows we develop points of exchange it in the fee to me further to ensure growth, own activities, but will not talk about what is possible. Traffic must be allowed through . exchange. Already, a number of experts on this have spoken for example,.

B

Is it not a cast service? Validators are a number of services, no matter. The most important thing is how to do it to . exchange became a showcase of what you technically have competently, and there are communities and technical. We actually have opportunities volunteers who work at the point: exchange They.

B

Themselves are looking for such services and again as an award, receive free dinner, and you must actively think about how else Can I improve something like this model. I would recommend you to develop points exchange. What could go wrong, but in fact, I already said that it can go not so it's cost can thumbs up and no need to. Let this happen anymore.

B

You don't have to think of anything wheel, because this exchange points simple thing and if she starts to work, then further already, you can cover all different cities, different settlements, and this is necessary. Think when you optical fiber, already stretched between different cities well, and we were given for free wholesale fiber optic cables, if not represented brain nothing, it would have turned out nothing and plus more.

B

We couldn't work if we weren't given free free office space. Therefore soda can free there to give you an advantage in internet room. Internet rack, just one more fiber optics for that's all. Merge is also provided interested countries on a free basis, I.e. the community. He gives a message gives a sign that you are doing the right thing. The things we want here too in this, we are ready to help you support and no need to try to organize exclusive club is a big problem in many countries.

B

Everyone thinks, for some reason that exchange points are a closed club of inter provider in the 90s may be in early. 2000S is true. It used to be like that. But now it's not like that at all. If facebook and lie down they will come to you and say add we want through your ., sharing movie singer came out im gonna say no. Yes, of course. Yes, you say it's the same content That's. Why inclusiveness, that is, non-discrimination should observed in order to different sources of contact could through your . work.

B

If you work such a model,, then people themselves will choose with whom they will pepper and and then it will be develop eco-system which the rest of the world outside will notice will say about the need to come, invest their own money, so you can attract foreign networks and in this the ultimate goal. When foreigners come network, then your costs will be practically zero, amidu costs of accessing resources- and you don't have to put all your eggs in one- do not put the basket on one horse Of course.

B

You may find it strange such a statement, but we still have food. One proverb that goes like this exchange point way will develop in different ways,, but not we choose model according to which everyone should build. Yours.. If you can provide support to everyone is fine,. In the end, it is the community that takes the final decision on what will be required exchange in order to develop, provide services to the local community. Well If you do not get up, do not tear yourself away from the sofa.

B

If you will not develop a traffic exchange point in your region,, then only two are possible option. You will continue to pay networks. Big money for transit traffic for border well, here are a number of experts and talked about what it is from. The delay and by the way,. Here is an example with beautiful, China was, and plus this and additional costs, but, most importantly leakage, capital from the economy of your parties will happen and I think that this is not for anyone. You need, and the second option is the most viable option.

B

Again, if you don't build your own exchange, point, it's for you, someone else will do well by franchise, build an exchange point in the region and if people who are not interested in local community development builds your exchange point, it will mean they don't do it for free the rulers. At my word, they again will pump capital out of your country. You end up paying either act accordingly or pay here choice as soon as this and you decide for yourself how you will act with me.

B

That's all for now and I want to convey the word yeah well to the rest of our specialists in order to so that they can discuss those issues which I understood and that's all for me. Thank you very much. My name is no step. The bardan of my tons of mail is shown on screen. If even contact me, please can I do it too. I hope it ends when it ends viral raise I can fly central. Thank you very much and do not be sick. Very.

A

Interesting zen tation was very step by step instructions, let's say so, does how to do. Why? What not to do? And the last question we have is this element which is missing from our local to the system that would allow we do a good peeling have a good xp, so we can identify them as solve these issues, these challenges and how you think, that's what xp model more consistent, but I changed here. The question is not startups of moments,, but there at that situation in your countries.

A

This model is not the government of moscow me not that this model is not the government, but he found this model commercial or any other hybrid model like Do. You think this is your country? corresponds.

A

The point is raised. Yes, by the way that's Aziz has become the talent you worked for.

C

A

Is more in line with to that the situation that exists in your countries, countries of Central Asia how to get and Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and our feet and knees? No, if there is, you can raise the handles in.

C

Somehow we did not try to apply model of non-profit, independent and open to all who are interested could connect and, of course, we still worth working on the model sustainability,. We are very pleased that we could get support from internet society global on building. This xp is not really liked interfered where he said what was needed. Islands build consensus on top speed. Of course, we went a little bit at all and still wanted to add one point and on a question that interfered a little earlier.

C

They want whether people are cheap on or slow internet and for amassed off story. Interfered adaba want come on situation in Kazakhstan we have the cheapest mobile internet world after israel, according to official statistics in the country 110 and.

B

At the same time, he is one of.

C

The slowest world there is and the fact it turns out- we choose a cheap one for a very Slow internet Thank. You.

A

Girim and then stavros and divide both kirovs. Please knock.

G

Good afternoon, everyone to the participants, my name is Aigerim. Both kirov I represent association about herbal communication And. Regarding the question, vahana want to inform you what's on the site, our association functioning. traffic exchange, how it functions: 2, variation on non-profit and commercial on a non-commercial basis,. We are entitled use point our members on not on commercial basis, all any other subjects who wish would like more note that our . traffic exchange, but one of the major points which operates in the Kyrgyz Republic as far as I know, new others.

G

There are no such large ones, well,, apart from the point and on traffic that ours has ours. A member of the Alcott Company, which has interaction with Moscow time, is how interesting our our .. It is local, and so we are in order to develop and exit. But in order to be able, we offered access to the international idea here literally last year in within the framework of the fit partnership program,, which implemented by jay-z.

G

We promoted the idea to interact with deutsch x, whom she is one of global points, xp, but the reason I interact with what motivated us example in the Central Asian region. Each republic has its own.

G

And, well,, kazakhstan, its russia on its own, and there was an idea why there is no regional such a single single point, which would unite all our xp and we we suggested we already sort of set up xp rack contact offered two options either so that they create their point in one of countries of the post-Soviet space, and we could all connect to it either. On collaborative example, we have on territory of kyrgyzstan to create such a regional point,, but this idea is now as if frozen agreed.

G

We have within the framework of the governing bodies here at us such a situation today. Thank.

A

You and girin than go to the status of another, such supplementing. The question you have here in these two models have been delivered.

G

I'm, just like putting a lawyer out of my bell towers outlined the situation. Okay,.

A

Thank you, balls are also under our arm, stavros, come to you and then the balls tanks.

G

Cook father, thank you.

B

Very much vaughan and back to your previous question n k, a m sex up too yingkou and me looks like this model. Non-Profit, non-profit use of exchange points is good model, especially for developing countries And, when that exchange point is only in its infancy. Let's say: history shows that if people start working together to solve technical problems, if they are together solve problems of which there are a lot initially arises,, it contributes. Then joint work and interfered here demonstrated the circle of virtue, and you have to understand. What. exchange is not.

B

The only element is just one of the elements is probably the simplest need to solve other problems and optical fiber and shared space, well,, plus a model guide, legal, framework,, etc. then all these components are necessary work through and that's just after that. Internet traffic exchange will be develop and grow, and if people work on the non-profit on the non-profit models, when they talk to each other and trying to solve problems, and while they simultaneously through government push initiatives, this allows them to implement faster ideas and back to amciq history.

B

When many years ago, 35 years ago to our company was founded, we then solve simple technical problems. For example, the netherlands, connect to the usa will be on by across the atlantic. Ocean was the first problem, and then we started think about how resources share own therefore, and was was created . exchange once I am sex in order to be effective use resources. After this, then everything turned into a full-blown exchange point I, don't say that the commercial model is bad, for both other model has its own advantages and shortcomings.

B

However, history shows that if you initially cooperate with each another,, then at the output you will get much more benefits for different community offices lot. I have there is such a comment on the previous discussions. Thank you very much, stavros balls. Thank you very much logan for what gave me the opportunity comment on a number of issues which which previous is previous speaker. The speaker raised not a stavros, but aigerim. So that's about the creation regional exchange points, Internet traffic that could be connect national exchange points.

B

We has also been discussed many times discussed such a model in their region, and we have never had such an approach shot and for several reasons we did not achieve success in the first place. Concerns internet traffic exchange points absent understanding of what is regional. exchange. There is no such definition and that must do . exchange to become regional.

B

Why? Because . exchange brings together providers or networks that operate on one market. You have several outlets exchange in one market, there is even in separate cities. Several separate independent exchange points that are there divided. The districts. exchange works in in the interest of the community. No, no such concepts, even as national. exchange. There is just a concept. exchange. When you start using terms like original and national there global . exchange, then it introduces people. This is especially misleading, delusion politicians who decide that concern cyberspace.

B

They immediately begin to think about and can mean local . exchange connect to regional original national, national, marina cial league. Not so exchange points are not working For in order to work with each other. Some kind of non-disposable knots and hindered in his presentation said that . exchanges should not compete with with their members because they are just then stop using the services, and why would they cooperate with a competitor unless the price goes down access,? So you need to remember this and of course, this question arises repeatedly will occur.

B

Therefore, there is nothing surprising in this. Be surprised if it comes up again. When you talk to people who make a decision about cinema and space, don't have to put them in delusion can be bilateral basis,. You must convey to them. This very important thought you owe them explain how the exchange point works. Why? Why is there no need there? Some sort of kotova hierarchy build and why, at the exchange point it is necessary to build only then when there is demand there is at least three operators. 3 providers should be Thank. You.

A

G

A

G

Was he noted that well, not now there is no regional xp? I I understand in the title. It's simple usage is like this find fault with terminology. Now existing euro x, isn't it regional I was.

A

A failure at once what is not But.

G

The name is an.

A

Association association, we have ran. Please question you question such a euro x. Is it not a regional xp? We.

B

Have euro x maybe she will answer this question, but is a regional association which unites exchange, point operators and this just a platform on which they can share experiences and knowledge. Some questions in africa we have fx and dx and then Asia-Pacific in office to america it's x. Well, I think the budget is over, explain in detail what the euro is x, to clarify everything.

A

G

B

Very much for asking really euro a x is association of association exchange points and we are not a point. Exchanges have never been. exchange internet traffic and it really is a platform for members in which includes a number of exchange points and they share information, knowledge and smell requests if needed. I hope, I answered your question.

G

Thank you,, I, understand,, I'm kind.

A

Of like a bay intimately familiar with euro x is also an old lady and rice is not some kind of virtual say there. It really gives an association the opportunity to develop an expert that is, she helps and help to help on the search to carry partners, for example,, the army,, the entire Armenian. She helped with equipment, scarecrow, __, ] his x and helped with the equipment. Oms expo muse equipment, e.g.

A

the same programs management, e.g. manager, acquaintance this program and helps to install and Also many questions are being discussed to help become expeed. That is aero-x real structure. Who can help our region too bet a good model alexey this the model was really working.

A

We have another one again, oh.

G

No left I took.

A

I would like to ask one more question here, dear participants,. What topics would you wanted them to be revealed next session, because why are we making these rejection sessions an end in itself? We really want expect which is in your region or which are not yet available region. They would be the best they would be sustainable and we want to help you with this issue and if Do, you have any questions,, I'm sure I know that there are questions about the regulator to us.

A

Try to answer this question, but if you have any questions that would you like us to reveal, would you invite speakers partners for this event and she will sometime in September, we will inform you in advance, just write or raise about it hand and say we will write down. But apart from cinema controller example, except let's say, the rationale is what we have questions.

H

A

H

First of all, thanks for the organization, regular organizing collection from our countries, experts on xp issues, as you know,, we have been here for several years. How. Are we discussing this issue, this year? softly,? No matter how stupid it sounds. Thanks go. The internet is very began to develop rapidly in country broadband in big cities. It's just fine develops and the providers themselves have already arrived to with the idea of . The beginning is to discuss what x pi needs to be created, and there was such a question at first.

H

Yes, there is guys young start-ups who wanted. Would this thing start to take the lead on yourself and the first question that came a Are there? Any organizations or some institutions that can help with technical resources.

H

Administrative organizational base, skills and knowledge that would probably be important not for other countries where I already exist here for our our country, for example, here at the initial stages, material and technical base, yes, with where to start where to go yes for some help, if needed, if at all such structures, yes,.

A

Thanks, do you remember there autumn and from tajikistan, and questions are worn essentially to the fact that in fact, there is no xp and there is either if such resources but I myself know such resources. But yes, if our speaker question you want now for sure, we also talked at the last event about this max. Maybe you want on this question answer max from when I myself I will answer for months.

A

Look there. We noted that's what helps __ ] Very aisu equipment who interfered no longer plaintively there. It is reported that api seich can help and please write to him directly to his e-mail, and he can. He can help with this issue. There is oh juice, which helps __ ] tova equipment helps helps. Not only network equipment can be help, also For relevant premises.

A

Air conditioning equipment do not know solar panels and all there is help from the participants euro and, for example, the first network equipment to whom it was a worm and thank you very much yura x also helped us in particular, and six helped us gave us servers network equipment, but we also helped the local community, let's say so, because what to get something from Europe or America,, but we won’t say it's long, but for the initial so say that they want to be in the same room put their network, it can be taken certain equipment, though, on loan, so to speak.

A

Operators fools local class urns. Now there is a program, then we don't have. There was such a program now program moment.

A

According to this cake program, you can visit us apply trunk program, but in general I would say if you have a desire, help from players and worldwide love games, let's say local players,. It's for sure will helps the walker. If you are in this direction,, then any of our contacts, I.e. me and juice and ira x, and to sow the other princess of ours partners. They will definitely help you otherwise 100% refer to any of us. We are ready, even if we are what you are not.

A

We can help that our partners for sure help and pixel with fled. Thank you, write, ran, too, ran dogs and rice.. If you have questions about aid associations, I know for sure that they are all ready to help all our partners. We also thanks everyone thanks to all participants, thanks to everyone, speakers, and thanks, in particular, to our sponsors, for what we were able to these activities.

A

Organize it facebook, it's flexo, psycho This. This is am six many thanks to our sponsors, thanks to our partners from euro x-ice internet sites well and settles thanks kishan. Is he there now or not hishama? Also, thanks for being him endured, this world is also guardianship interfered here. Thank you very much again once and thanks to our translator for very good translation, tasty with humor. Thank you is there anything else? You want to say guys. The organizers are our other, even max no darkness.

B

Side, nothing to add I I don't want to. Thank you very much. Thank you and many thanks to our experts.

A

Contact for all these questions will be collecting until September until next us our session, which we will announce in advance. Thank you all, and goodbye.