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From YouTube: NCSL Redistricting Seminar | GIS and the Data Handoff
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A
Everyone
to
the
gis
and
data
handoff
session
earlier
today
we
had
a
session
on
using
ensembles
to
look
at
redistricting
maps,
and
that
was
a
topic
that
we
would
never
in
a
million
years
have
had
on
an
agenda
10
years
ago,
or
certainly
before
that-
and
this
is
another
topic
that
would
never
have
shown
up
on
an
agenda
10
years
ago,
and
that's
because
the
use
of
gis
to
make
elections
administration
really
work
well,
is
kind
of
a
new
and
cutting
edge
topic
in
election
administration.
A
It's
my
idea-
and
this
is
my
bipartisan
at
my
core
idea-
that
working
on
gis
as
a
way
to
bring
more
efficiency
and
accuracy
to
elections
might
be
something
that
in
2021
and
2022
legislatures
might
want
to
look
at
it's
something
that
could
work
across
the
aisle.
I
could
be
wrong,
we'll
soon
know
whether
I'm
just
pollyanna
or
otherwise,
and
any
of
you
who
are
out
there
in
working
in
legislatures
or
any
legislators
yourselves.
A
If
this
is
of
interest
to
you
by
all
means,
let's
get
back
in
touch,
so
we
can
kind
of
figure
out
how
ncsel
can
support
for
today.
We
are
fortunate
that
we
have
three
experts
who
really
know
how
elections
work
and
really
know
how
this
data
handoff
from
redistricters
to
election
years
works
and
but
before
I
turn
it
over
to
you
blake.
I
do
want
to
remind
people
about
two
upcoming
events.
Of
course
we
have
the
trivia
tonight.
A
I
promise
it's
fun
and
then
tomorrow
morning
we
have
a
two-hour
session
called
constitutional
conversations,
and
this
was
first
debuted
for
ncsl
at
a
legislative
leaders
meeting
and
it
got
rave
reviews,
and
so
I
can't
tell
you
too
much
about
what
it's
going
to
be,
but
I'm
going
to
assure
you
that
the
time
is
going
to
go
by
in
a
flash
and
you're
going
to
be
glad
that
you
participated
in
that
with
that,
I
think
I've
done
all.
I
need
to
do
blake
if
you're
ready,
I'm
going
to
turn
it
over
to
you.
B
Okay,
hello,
everybody
and
thank
you
to
everybody
for
for
showing
up
near
the
end
of
the
day,
and
thank
you
also,
of
course,
to
the
team,
that's
organizing
and
to
my
panelists,
who
I
know
have
a
lot
on
their
plates
this
week
for
their
work
in
in
getting
prepared
for
this
the
the
panelists.
B
Well,
I
encourage
folks
to
look
at
the
bios
down
if
you
scroll
down
on
the
page,
there
are
links
to
bios,
I'm
not
going
to
read
through
them,
but
I'll
just
say
that
we've
got
kathy
who's,
an
expert
at
the
local
level
in
the
elections,
world
and
veronica
who's
worked
for
years
at
the
state
level
and
they'll
be
sharing
their
expertise
later,
I'm
going
to
do
a
quick
introduction
review
of
some
concept
with
some
some
concepts
with
some
visuals.
B
So
the
title
of
this
talk
is
gis
in
the
data
handoff.
If
people
could
do
the
poll,
this
will
be
right
under
your
video
there's
a
button
for
folks
to
to
do
the
poll,
and
it
should
just
take
a
moment-
don't
sweat
it
if
you're
not
sure
about
the
answer,
but
might
be
interesting
to
see
all
right.
So
from
what
I
see
now,
90
of
folks
gave
the
correct
answer.
So
that
is
the
correct
answer.
B
The
correct
option
was
c,
which
is
geographic
information
systems
and
before
we
get
into
this,
I
do
want
to
point
out
that
there
are
a
bunch
of
visuals,
as
I
mentioned,
and
I
know
that
the
the
sort
of
default
video
display
is
fairly
small.
So
what
I
would
encourage,
folks
to
click
in
the
lower
right
on
the
little
maximize
button,
and
this
way
you'll
be
able
to
make
out,
I
think
better.
B
What's
going
on
in
the
visuals,
I've
got
a
lot
to
cover,
so
I
will
jump
in
so
if
you're
thinking
about
counties,
for
example,
this
is
a
just
a
list
of
counties
from
wikipedia
in
arizona
and
if
you
can't
read
the
the
fine
print,
that's
fine,
it's
just
information
about
the
the
15
counties
that
are
there
and
I've
selected
one
county
here,
pinal
county,
and
if
this
were
in
excel,
you
just
see
the
spreadsheet,
but
in
a
gis,
in
addition
to
the
information
in
the
the
row
there
for
this
record,
you
can
also
see
a
shape.
B
So
this
folks
have
talked
about
shape
files
a
little
bit,
so
this
is
a
way
to
geographically
represent
the
county's
boundaries
and
it's
not
just
its
shape,
but
you
also
can
see
here
where
it
fits
in
arizona
and
where
that
shape
sits
on
the
planet.
It's
got
a
there's,
a
it's
a
geographic
representation
of
of
the
boundaries.
B
B
We
get
to
see
their
relationships
and
note
that
each
of
these
records
retains
the
attributes.
So
if
I
were
to
click
on
the
hospital
one
of
these
icons,
I
could
see
information
about
that
hospital,
and
this
is
where
you
really
start
to
see
the
power
of
gis.
So
we
could
start
asking
questions
of
the
gis.
How
many
hospitals
are
in
pinal
county,
which
are
they
which
county
has
the
most
or
the
fewest,
and
if
one
hospital
can't
accept
patients
where's
the
closest?
B
We
know
this
is
happening
around
the
country
right
now
we're
in
a
disaster.
What
are
the
closest
hospitals?
Things
like
that
which
population
centers
are
are
farthest
from
a
hospital,
and
you
can
also
add
in
layers
here
like
I've
added
water
bodies
and
interstate
highways.
The
list
goes
on
and
on
so
that's
just
a
very
brief
introduction
to
sort
of
how
gis
works.
B
Now,
if
we
look
at
it
in
the
elections
context
in
the
districting
context,
we've
got
arizona's
congressional
districts,
sort
of
like
the
counties,
a
table
of
of
nine
districts
here
with
information
associated
with
them,
and
then
we've
got
a
table
of
voter
information.
This
is
fictional
voters
and
obviously
not
not
an
entire
list
from
the
state
of
arizona
but
a
subset
of
voters
as
they
might
appear
in
a
voter
database,
and
you
can
see
their
street
addresses
and
precincts
there
now
for
the
districts.
We
have
the
shapes.
B
We
have
a
shape
file,
so
we
can
see
where
they
are
on
the
map,
but
in
a
typical
voter
database.
We
just
have
this
table,
we
have
addresses
and
we
have
precincts.
So,
unlike
the
hospitals
in
that
example,
the
voter
database
is
not
what's
called
spatially,
enabled
or
geo-enabled,
at
least
in
most
states
in
most
counties.
So
the
voters
can't
easily
be
represented
as
dots
on
the
map,
the
way
that
the
hospitals
were
so
each
each
address
isn't
matched
with
like
latitude
and
longitude
coordinates.
B
So
it's
not
as
easy
to
to
automatically
say
which
voter
is
in
which
district-
and
this
is
from
veronica,
one
of
the
other
panelists.
This
is
an
example
of
one
way
of
linking
voter
addresses
to
precincts
in
a
typical
voter
database,
so
we've
got
street
segments
so,
for
example,
with
this
the
odd
side
of
a
segment
of
a
street
a
given
block,
it
might
be
109
through
199
elm
street,
and
for
that
side
of
that
street
on
that
block
it,
the
database
can
indicate
which
precinct
congressional
district
senate
district
etc.
B
So
now,
let's
quickly
review
a
little
bit
about
some
of
the
the
layers
and
hierarchies
specifically
for
the
census
and
and
the
redistricting
process.
This
is
a
county
in
north
carolina
with
about
400
000
people.
B
These
are
the
blocks
and
james
whitehorn
talked
yesterday
about
how
blocks
are
kind
of
the
basic
legos,
the
the
elemental
unit
of
the
census
count
and
then
in
a
a
very
common
practice
for
redistricting
is
to
have
the
blocks
nested
inside
voting
districts,
which
also
have
been
talked
about
or
vtds
so
I'll
shade
these
by
voting
district,
and
you
can
see
there
are
about
100
vtds
here.
B
So
each
vtd
has
about
4
000
people
and
if
we
fade
back
these
colors
a
little
bit
now,
it's
it's
a
little
bit
easier
to
see
the
boundaries
and-
and
some
folks
may
remember
from
yesterday
that
vtds
or
voting
districts
are
comparable
to
precincts
or
wards,
and
some
folks
might
be
saying.
Well,
if
the
district
boundaries
follow,
the
vtds
and
the
voter
voter
database
identifies
each
voter's
precinct.
B
That
makes
it
easier
to
know
which
voter
is
in
which
district-
and
that
is
mostly
the
case
but
they're
big
caveats
and
potential
complexities
which
we
will
get
into
so
one
succinct
way
that
I've
heard
it
described
is
that
precincts
and
awards
are
kind
of
the
creation
of
state
and
local
boards
of
elections.
Whereas
vtds
are
creation
of
the
federal
government,
the
census
bureau
and,
as
we
heard
yesterday,
there
are,
there
are
a
few
states
and
parts
of
states
that
don't
participate
in
the
voting
district
program.
B
So
again,
these
vtds
for
this
county.
These
were
created
for
the
2010
redistricting
cycle
and
I'm
going
to
overlay
on
these
the
precinct
boundaries
from
2012,
and
these
will
be
in
green.
And
here
again
it's
it's
good
if
you've
maximized
your
window,
because
it's
hard
to
see
most
of
these
line
up
well.
But
there
is
one
spot
here
where
there's
a
discrepancy.
B
I
do
want
to
make
a
quick
note
here
that
north
carolina
may
have
a
checkered
history
when
it
comes
to
redistricting,
but
in
terms
of
its
history
of
strong
statewide
public
geographic
data
infrastructure.
It
has
a
very
strong
tradition.
It
was
very
easy
for
me
to
get
these
precinct
boundaries
as
a
shapefile
and
just
toss
them
into
the
gis
to
make
this
slide.
That
is
not
the
case
in
many
other
states,
and
and
many
local
jurisdictions
are
still
mapping
precincts
only
on
paper
and
there's
often
not
a
statewide
electronic
file.
B
This
is
slightly
later.
This
is
more
recent.
Actually,
this
is
the
most
recent
precinct
boundaries
available
and
you
can
see
here,
they're
in
pink
and
there's
again
there's
this
discrepancy
here.
There's
also
a
discrepancy
here
and
a
little
discrepancy
here.
If
you
look
closely
so
these
are
pretty
minor,
but
one
thing
that
often
happens
and
if
I'd
chosen
a
different
county
that
had
a
concentrated
area
of
significant
growth
since
2010,
the
local
board
of
elections
might
have
divided
a
precinct
so
that
no
one
precinct
had
too
many
people.
B
B
So
here
the
the
wider
lines
are
the
vtd's
and
the
skinny
lines
are
the
blocks,
and
you
can
see
that
three
blocks
were
taken
out
of
this
this
vtd
here,
and
in
this
case
it
was
the
the
process
was
public.
So
we
know
that
this
was
done
to
minimize
the
population,
deviation
and
there's
one
problem,
which
is
this
70
foot
wide
sliver,
which
is
a
little
awkward
but
there's
another
problem.
We're
gonna
we're
gonna
zoom
in
on
here,
and
this
is
a
little
dead-end
street,
so
be
ready
to
zoom.
B
B
So
I
had
a
conversation
with
a
local
elections,
the
director
of
election
services
for
buncombe
county,
where
I
live,
and
she
talked
about
how,
when
this
happens,
it's
an
uncomfortable
conversation
to
have
with
a
voter
when
houses
get
divided,
as
you
might
imagine,
and
it's
particularly
tricky
in
north
carolina.
B
The
law
is
that
where
which
which
district
a
voter
gets
put
in
depends
on
where
they
lay
their
head
at
night,
so
where
they
sleep
and
the
local
elections
officials
have
to
ask
where,
in
the
house
the
bedroom
is
and
here's
the
rest
of
her
quote
that
sometimes
they
actually
have
to
figure
out
where
each
family
member
each
registered
voter,
I
should
say
sleeps
in
a
given
house
when
a
situation
like
this
comes
up.
B
B
B
Excuse
me,
ariel
features,
aerial
photos
and
features
on
the
ground,
so
it
no
longer
the
census.
Block
line
no
longer
goes
through
the
house,
so
hopefully
some
of
these
issues
will
be
avoided
with
the
better
census.
Geography
this
cycle
for
those
of
you
who
might
have
seen
something
like
this
in
one
of
the
previous
sessions.
This
is
often
what
the
the
mapping
interface
looks
like,
and
this
is
actually
a
screenshot.
I
know
it's
not
great
quality.
B
This
is
from
a
streaming
video
when
north
carolina
was
conducting
its
redistricting
online
last
year,
and
you
can
see
that
again,
we've
got
the
thicker
lines
that
are
the
vtd's
and
the
thinner
lines
that
are
the
blocks
with
the
populations
labeled,
and
this
is
often
what
folks
are
looking
at
and
you
can
see.
There's
I'm
going
to
I'm
going
to
zoom
in
a
little
bit,
but
there
is
not
much
in
the
way
of
context
as
far
as
aerial
photos
or
roads
or
water
bodies
or
landmarks,
or
things
like
that.
B
So
I
encourage
people
to
to
think
about
context
because
it
can
avoid
major
building
splits
like
this
one,
which
is
from
the
university
of
north
carolina
at
asheville
previous
congressional
district
plan,
where
a
dorm
on
the
on
the
campus
was
divided
into
two
different
congressional
districts,
so
think
about
the
the
possibility
of
of
including
aerial
imagery
in
your
database
as
well
as
other
layers
for
for
context.
B
Okay,
we've
talked
a
little
bit
about
gis
and
let's
talk
about
the
data
handoff
quickly,
so
in
terms
of
what
gets
handed
off.
This
is
an
example
again
from
from
north
carolina.
I
realize
it
might
be
hard
to
read
the
fine
print,
but
we've
got
the
bill
text
and
then
eight
other
items,
two
maps,
three
reports,
shapefile
block
file
and
interactive
maps,
so
very
quickly.
Let's,
let's
look
at
what
a
legislature
typically
produces
at
the
end
of
a
redistricting
process.
B
So
there
is
the
the
text
of
the
statute,
and
this
is
that
same
congressional
district.
We
were
looking
at
before,
so
you
can
see
when
it's
a
split
county.
They
list
the
vtds
in
in
that
county
and
now
it's
a
split
vtd.
They
list
these
are
the
three
blocks
we
looked
at
before
and
then
guilford
county
is
kept
whole.
So
that's
that's
the
entire
reference.
This
is
one
way
of
describing
the
geographic
extent
of
the
district.
Another
way
is
meets
and
bounds.
This
is
from
caliper
corporation's
website.
B
There's
the
block
file
block
assignment
file
also
called
an
equivalency
file,
and
this
is
basically
just
a
two-column
spreadsheet
and
it
it
specifies
in
which
district
each
block
falls.
So
it's
very
simple,
but
it
is
not
concise
in
north
carolina.
This
is
a
spreadsheet
with
300
000
rows,
because
there
are
300
000
blocks,
maps,
pdf
maps
again
there,
north
carolina
produced
multiple
maps.
This
is
an
example
of
one
straightforward,
a
lot
of
statistics,
dozens
of
pages
in
the
case
of
this
redistricting
process,
and
then
we've
talked
about
shape
files
before
so.
B
B
North
carolina
also
provided
an
interactive
map,
so
this
was
a
tool
where
folks
could
go
on
the
web
and
look
things
up
by
municipality
or
by
address
and
also
find
out
which
district
a
specific
address
was
in
this
came
afterward.
This
was
not
something
that
was
made
available.
You
know
the
day
that
the
districts
were
enacted
and
veronica
may
be
able
to
talk
about
more
of
this
kind
of
tool
being
made
available
and
speaking
of
the
panelists,
I
will
now
hand
this
off
to
the
panelists.
B
The
title
of
this
is
gis
and
the
data
handoff,
but
there
is
much
more
than
actually
the
handoff.
The
handoff
is
a
one-time
event,
but
there
is
a
lot
of
work
that
goes
on
before
that
handoff
at
local
and
state
elections,
offices
and
a
lot
of
work
that
comes
after
so
we'll
be
talking
about
the
extent
of
that,
and
I
also
want
to
emphasize
this
is
a
recurring
theme,
but
when
it
comes
to
redistricting
and
elections,
different
states
have
very
different
approaches.
B
B
Their
questions
in
the
q,
a
we
will
look
forward
to
answering
those
at
the
end
and
I'm
going
to
stop
sharing
and
I'll
start
with
a
question
for
both
panelists,
and
this
is
what
are
the
maintenance
steps
that
state
and
local
election
officials
are
talking
are
taking
I'm
sorry
in
advance
of
redistricting?
What
are
the?
What
are
you
or
what
should
others
be
thinking
about
at
this
point?
Right
now,.
C
So
I'll
talk
a
little
bit
about
maintenance
with
respect
to
some
of
the
diagrams
blake
that
you
were
sharing
so
at
the
state
level
specific
you
know
to
north
carolina
and
again,
you
know
different,
I'm
in
pennsylvania,
now
in
pennsylvania,
it's
very
different
than
my
former
state.
C
But
what
is
important
in
terms
of
elections,
administration
and
you
know
getting
the
data
handoff
even
prior
to
the
data
coming
in-
is
maintaining
knowing
where
all
of
the
the
jurisdictions
are
and
that
would
include
the
admin
jurisdiction.
So
that
would
be
the
county
boundary
as
well.
As
you
know,
precinct
precinct
boundary.
I
know
that
you
were
speaking
in
terms
of
vtd
or
you
know,
voting
tabulation
district,
sometimes
that's
precinct.
Sometimes
it's
not,
and
in
the
case
of
north
carolina
it's
a
little
complicated
vtd
is
not
always
necessarily
precinct.
C
There's
been
some
legislation
there
in
the
past
couple
of
years
to
make
it
really
one-to-one,
but
I
won't
go
down
that
that
path,
but
what's
important,
is
to
know
where
all
of
the
boundaries
are
and
to
build
some
type
of
repository
or
system
that'll
that
can
digest
on
those
boundaries
into
the
system
to
make
the
actual
handoff
process
and
what
happens
next,
just
a
little
bit
easier.
C
The
other
part
of
maintenance-
and
I
know
that
kathy
can
definitely
get
into
this-
is
that
you
know
regardless
of
I
mean
there
are
the
admin
boundaries
like
the
county
boundaries
and
precincts
that
can
change,
but
there's
also
the
maintenance
of
knowing
where
the
points
are
so
on
your
hospital
diagram.
You
knew
exactly
where
those
hospitals
and
they
have
a
lat
launch
right.
They
have
a
geo
point,
but
do
voters,
do
they
have
a
geo
point?
Well,
they
could.
C
C
So
it
has
a
lot
launch,
and
so
you
can
make
the
association
between
you
know
the
address
of
a
voter
and
you
know
where
they
fit
within
any
pres
specific
boundary
like
a
precinct
and
even
you
know
the
census
block,
but
street
ranges
are
very,
very,
very
that's
very
old
school
and
that's
something
that
counties
in
the
state.
Definitely
the
counties
you
know
have
to
be
involved
in
throughout
the
year
and
not
just
when
an
election
happens.
So
new
subdivisions
coming
in
sometimes
streets
are
destroyed
right
because
they
knock
down.
C
You
know,
houses
and
they
build
something
else,
and
so
anytime
that
you
see
a
change
to
the
landscape,
a
change
to
a
you
know
the
building
and
the
structures
that
could
you
know
very
well
lead
to
changes
in
the
the
county's
street
range.
So
I'll
pause
there,
because
I
can
talk
a
lot
about
this
and
I'll.
Let
kathy
pick
up
on
definitely
what
the
counties
do
in
terms
of
maintenance.
D
Sure
so,
good
morning,
everybody
just
at
the
county
level.
We
have
a
responsibility
to
maintain
not
just
our
voters
and
geocoding
those
those
folks
so
that
we
can
produce
shape
files
that
are
meaningful,
like
the
the
illustration
of
the
hospitals
that
blake
showed
us
earlier,
but
also
we
have
to
maintain
boundaries
for
every
other
elected
jurisdiction
within
our
county,
so
hospital
districts,
school
districts,
irrigation
districts,
mosquito
abatement
districts,
whatever
elected
boards
you
happen
to
have
in
your
in
your
county.
Your
election
department
is
maintaining
those
boundaries
as
well.
D
There
are
annexations
of
for
not
only
fire,
districts
or
cities
happens
all
the
time
here
in
california.
You
know
we
are
constantly
growing
new
subdivisions.
D
As
veronica
said,
we've
had
in
the
last
year
here
locally,
we
are
our
county
seats
about
90,
000
people
and
then
the
rest
of
the
county
is
very
rural,
so
we've
had
in
this
last
year
two
different
instances
where
districts
actually
combined
due
one
in
one
case
due
to
one
of
the
fires
that
we've
had
here
locally
and
wildfire
and
then
in
another
case
just
because
these
little
some
of
these
very
small
rural
districts
just
can't
make
it
on
their
own
and
so
they've
had
combinations.
D
So
those
are
all
ways
in
which
that
gis
data
gets
updated
at
the
local
level.
B
Excellent,
I
think
so,
we've
sort
of
talked
about
this
is
constant
maintenance.
This
is
ongoing.
This
is
something
that
happens
before
and
and
during
I
mean
you
don't
ever
get
to
stop
doing
that.
But
what
are
some
of
the
specific
steps
that
are
taken
after
redistricting
after
new
districts
are
enacted
and
veronica?
We'll
start
with
you
again.
C
Sure
so,
let's
use
the
north
carolina
example
that
you
showed
recently-
and
you
know
all
of
the
different
files.
So
what
happens
at
the
state
level
in
north
carolina
that
information
would
be
looked
at
by
the
state
board
of
elections
and
the
experts
there
to
determine
like
what
are
the
changes.
C
So
north
carolina
has
a
statewide
voter
registration
database
system
and
all
counties
use
that
database
for
elections,
administration
and
there's
a
module
called
geocode,
and
so
that
is
the
module
that's
used
for
purposes
of
determining
like
where
all
of
the
jurisdictions
are
and
looking
at
it
from
the
street
segment
level
that
little
grid
right
that
you
displayed
in
the
powerpoint.
C
So
you
know
okay
on
this
side
of
the
street.
It's
in
this
precinct,
this
congressional
district
house
district.
You
know
all
the
way
down
to
the
mosquito.
They
don't
really
have
that
in
north
carolina,
but
they
could
or
nance
right,
but
so
the
state.
You
know
they're,
looking
at
all
of
that
data
to
see
what
the
changes
are
so
they're,
looking
at
districts
by
county
like
what
are
all
of
the
district
changes
that
possibly
could
be
in
any
given
county.
Have
there
been
any
district
name
changes?
That
actually
happens.
C
You
know
sometimes,
and
so
all
of
those
elements
are
the
building
blocks
of
the
that
state's
election
management
system,
and
certainly
north
carolina
uses
the
gis
the
shape
files,
and
there
are
some
audit
tools
that
they
make
available
to
counties,
and
so
basically
they
do.
C
The
initial
leg
work
of
determining
where
the
changes
are
and
then
that
information
is
certainly
shared
when
it's
ready
with
the
counties
and
then
that's
when
the
counties
do
really
heavy
lifting
and
they
have
to
go
in
and
start
making
changes,
but
before
they
could
even
make
those
changes
like.
If
a
district
name
changes
within
a
county,
then
you
have
to
add
that
district
name
to
the
county
and
so
there's
a
lot
of
advance
work.
C
That's
done
at
the
state
level
to
prepare
the
counties
for
the
changes,
but
then
the
counties
absolutely
can
do
the
really
heavy
lifting
and
start
making
those
changes.
You
know
in
there
in
the
statewide
database
system,
which
really
means
sometimes
manually.
If
it's
an
easy
change,
they
can
change
the
entire
street.
If
not,
they
may
have
to
like
divide
it
up
into
those
segments.
So
it
could
be
anything
from
like
you
know,
101
east
franklin
street
to
999
east
franklin
street
is
in
you
know.
C
C
and
so
and
then
it
could
be
later
on
on
that
street
like
if
the
street
is
windy,
you
know
it
could
change
again,
so
it
just
depends,
but
that's
the
work
that
the
state
does
in
advance
to
prep
the
data
or
prep
the
system
for
the
changes
that
you
know
the
counties
will
need
to
make
I'll.
Let
kathy
finish
that
up
really.
D
Jealous
that
the
state
of
north
carolina
is
geocoding
voters
for
the
counties,
because
that
is
probably
a
task
for
22
million
voters
in
california.
That
only
helped
a
couple
of
minutes
to
to
geo
code.
Those
points,
but
we
in
shasta
county
were
really
lucky.
Last
year
we
got
to
participate
with
the
nation
national
state's
geographic
information
council
project.
D
They
did
a
pilot
project
that
helped
us
geocode
our
whole
voter
file,
which
we
just
finished
in
the
middle
of
last
year,
in
between
the
primary
and
the
general,
which
was
great
because
we
were
able
to
produce
some
really
very
detailed
maps
for
our
precincts,
which
really
helps
when
voters
show
up
the
wrong
place.
So
you
can
show
them
right
on
the
map
where
to
go.
D
So
so
california
counties
really
like
veronica,
said.
The
the
duties
are
the
same
to
some
degree.
Here
in
california,
the
county
is
responsible
for
implementing
those
new
boundaries
that
are
handed
down
to
us
for
both
state
assembly
and
state
senate,
and
then
also
we
have
to
re-apportion
our
county
supervisor
districts
within
every
county
which
county
commissioners
in
a
lot
of
places
right.
So
that
is
a
whole
other
process.
D
We
in
2011
for
the
first
time,
had
our
independent
redistricting
commission
at
the
state
level.
Now
the
law
has
changed
and
we
also
now
have
to
or
have
the
option
of
having
an
independent,
registering
commission
at
the
county
level
as
well.
So
that
process
is
a
whole
big
ball
of
wax
to
to
administer
at
the
county
level
and
counties
will
be
making
the
determination
in
the
next
couple
of
months
how
it
is
they're
going
to
go
forward
with
redistricting
this
year.
D
It'll
be
interesting
because
we
haven't
had
this
option
in
the
past,
so
we
will
be
doing
that.
B
Great,
I
did
want
to
add
one
thing
related
to
what
kathy
just
said,
which
is
that
the
nick
is
is
the
acronym
for
this
group.
That's
working
on
trying
to
help
states
and
local
governments
do
what's
called
spatially
enabling
or
geo-enabling
elections
and
there's
a
document.
If
you
scroll
down
there's
a
resource,
I
provided
a
pdf
there
from
them
which
talks
about
best
practices
for
that,
but
a
question
and
let's
start
with
kathy
this
time.
So
when
do
these
things
happen,
a
very
important
consideration.
B
This
has
come
up
in
other
sessions
is
about
the
timing,
especially
since
we
don't
know
about
census
data,
but
maybe
just
talk
through
sort
of
a
typical
scenario
and
and
how
that
timetable
might
be
squeezed
and
what
that's
going
to
mean.
D
So
in
california,
the
next
election
is
a
regularly
scheduled
election,
I
should
say,
is
in
june
of
2022
when
we
will
have
our
primary
election
for
governor
and
basically
everything
has
to
count
backwards
from
that
that
that
that's
kind
of
our
st
elections,
we
always
take
election
day
and
go
backwards.
That's
how
we
calculate
everything
so
registering
is
no
different
in
our
in
our
well
in
my
election
spring
anyway.
So
we
take
that
election
day
and
go
back
to
so.
D
When
do
I
have
to
have
boundaries,
because
I
can't
file
a
candidate.
If
I
don't
know
where
the
boundaries
of
the
district
are
because
you
in
many
districts,
you
have
to
actually
live
within
the
boundaries
right
to
run
for
the
office
so
backing
into
things
we
and
and
with
the
uncertainty
about
when
census
date
is
going
to
be
available.
This
year
is
really
a
nail-biter.
D
We
here
locally
we'll
be
going
to
our
board
of
supervisors
to
start
the
conversation
about
how
we're
going
to
handle
redistricting
within
the
county.
This
month
and
10
years
ago,
we
got
census
data
right
around
april
1st-
I
don't
know.
If
that's
going
to
happen,
I
don't
think
any
of
us
know
at
this
point
when
vernon
gets
sent
this
data,
but
the
bottom
line
is
for
a
june
election.
I
have
to
have
my
districts
really
solidly
done
done.
D
Maps
done,
voter
registration
database
updated
no
later
than
christmas,
and
that
updating
of
the
voter
registration
database
is
really
a
laborious
process.
Part
of
what
veronica
talked
about
with
updating
manually
these
street
segments,
our
voter
registration
database,
we
do
have
a
statewide
database,
you
may
or
may
not
know.
D
California
was
the
last
state
in
the
union
to
go,
live
with
its
hava
compliance,
statewide
database,
not
something
we're
proud
of,
but
part
of
the
reason,
probably
why
we
don't
have
fancy
options
like
geocoding
in
the
statewide
database,
because
not
only
the
size
but
yeah
the
timing.
So
here
we
are
trying
to
really
get
mapping
done
and
ready
to
go
for
all
that
manual.
D
Updating
that
has
to
happen
before
candidate
filing
starts
and
folks
are
able
to
pick
up
papers
to
file
signatures
in
lieu
of
the
filing
fee,
for
especially
for
those
state
legislative
offices
that
happens
right
around
christmas.
So
we're
hope
we
would
hope
to
be
done
with
line
drawing
by
probably
september
1st,
in
order
to
give
us
a
couple
of
months
minimum
to
get
through
the
process
of
doing
all
the
manual
updates
that
will
be
required
here
at
the
local
level.
C
Sorry
about
that,
I
was
just
going
to
offer
that
you
know
just
for
clarification
in
north
carolina.
The
district
assignments
is
still
it's
still
by
street
segments
in
north
carolina
as
well
kathy.
What
they
do
have
is
an
auditing
system,
so,
like
state
does
the
prep
work
county?
Does
the
heavy
lifting
and
then
state
like,
provides
a
tool,
and
you
were
showing
some
of
that
like
that
suggests,
like
yep,
you
did
that
one,
okay
or
yep.
You
may
want
to
check
those
district
assignments.
B
Is
great
cool
and
I
know
that
kathy
I'm
going
to
share
my
screen
again
because
one
of
the
next
questions
I
was
going
to
ask
is
sort
of
examples
of
situations
where
there
are
redistricting
challenges
or
inefficiencies.
So
just
take
one
moment
here
and
again
I
would
remind
folks
to.
B
There
we
go
oops.
I've
skipped
remind
folks
if,
if
you
missed
this
before,
but
I
recommend
that
people
click
on
the
maximize
because
there's
some
fine
detail
here,
that'll
be
easier
to
view.
If
you're
looking
at
your
video
full
screen
or
maximized
and
go
ahead
kathy.
D
Sure,
thanks
very
much
blake,
so
this
is
an
interesting
intersection
of
two
precincts
within
shasta
county.
It's
interesting.
I
think
it's
interesting
because
I
picked
this
slide
out
of
a
slide
deck.
We
did
for
our
redistricting
process
in
2011,
but
actually
in
december
I
did
a
presentation
about
our
participation
in
the
nisjic
project
and
I
use
the
same
geographic
area
for
that,
and
that's
because
there's
just
so
much
going
on
here
even
a
decade
later,
there's
still
a
lot
going
on.
So
if
you
can
go
to
the
next
slide
for
me,.
D
So
what
we're
going
to
talk
about
is
where
that
blue
arrow
is
right
there,
the
you
can
see
you
may
may
be
able
to
see,
maybe
not
be
able
to
see.
There
is
a
faint
gray
line
that
goes
kind
of
from
the
tip
of
that
arrow,
which
is
straight
north
and
south,
and
that
is
a
census
block
line.
The
red
line
is
the
boundary
of
the
supervisorial
district.
It's
also
the
boundary
of
the
precinct
and
the
reason
why
the
line
looks
the
way
it
does
is
because
it
is
actually
the
precinct
boundary.
D
Many
of
our
precincts,
especially
in
our
rural
areas,
originate
from
our
original
1850
when
shasta
was
admitted,
was
part
of
california
and
admitted
to
the
union
in
1850,
and
lots
of
our
rural
school
districts
became
precincts,
so
those
one-room
school
houses,
the
name
of
that
schoolhouse,
is
also
the
name
of
the
precinct.
So
we
have
just
this
remnant
of
old,
weird
boundaries
of
school
districts.
The
area
that
the
blue
arrow
is
covering
on
the
map
looks
pretty
empty.
D
Well
now,
since
this
map
was
created
in
2011,
a
subdivision
is
gone
in
in
that
same
area,
and
so
we're
going
to
have
quite
a
lot
of
work
to
do
later
this
year
to
draw
the
line,
just
like
you
saw
earlier
on
the
slide
about
the
line
through
the
house,
so
we're
going
to
have
to
work
with
the
school
district
and
with
our
own
redistricting
process
this
year
to
draw
this
line
very
carefully
through
that
subdivision.
So
we
can
make
sure
we're
not
bisecting
any
houses
go
ahead
to
the
next
line.
D
So
I
thought
it
would
be
interesting
too,
just
for
folks
to
see
all
the
zeros
that
you
see
at
the
tips
of
these
four
blue
arrows.
What's
happened
is
when
the
census
bureau
draws
districts.
Sometimes
they
don't
include
the
middle
of
the
street,
so
the
middle
of
the
street
is
actually
its
own
little
district,
which
has
no
people
in
it,
of
course,
because
no
one
has
a
home
in
the
middle
of
the
road.
D
So
when
you
see
zeros
like
that,
you
know,
there's
a
little
sliver
of
a
district,
which
is
just
one
of
those
weird
things
about
redistricting
in
census,
blocks
go
ahead
to
the
next
slide.
D
The
last
thing
I
wanted
to
to
show
here
is
this
weird
little
kind
of
camel
hump.
This
is
a
really
good
example
of
the
census
boundary
following
the
same
boundary
as
the
precinct,
which
we
don't
always
see,
but
we're
happy
to
see
it
when
it
happens,
and
the
reason
why
it
is
this
way
is
because
the
census
blocks
frequently
just
follow
the
natural
geography
of
your
area.
D
Rivers,
streams
hillsides
that
kind
of
stuff,
and
this
happens
to
be
a
gully,
a
kind
of
a
gorge
that
runs
through
the
bottom
of
a
bluff
community.
And
so,
if
you
go
to
the
next
slide,
you
can
see.
This
is
a
satellite
view
of
the
same
area
and
it's
hard
to
see.
D
But
you
can
see
how
the
the
the
greenery
is
darker
above
you
know,
in
a
kind
of
u
shape
there
above
the
arrow,
that's
the
same
gully
or
gulch
that
runs
alongside
a
road
and
is
also
the
precinct
boundary
and
the
census
block
boundary.
In
this
case,.
B
Nice,
as
I'm
taking
off
the
screen
share
veronica,
do
you
have
sometimes
little
stories
and
individual
examples
I
know
are
helpful.
Do
you
have
any
examples
that
come
to
mind
either
of
cautionary
tales
or
or
unexpected
complications
things
like
that
or
even
expected
complications.
C
Yeah
so
gis
using
gis
technology
for
elections,
administration
is
wonderful,
it
does.
It
will
help
facilitate
making
boundary
changes.
You
know
no
doubt,
but
there
are,
as
you
sometimes
when
you
move
towards
like
modern
technology
when
kathy
was
talking
about
like
the
old
school
district
names
or
things
that
happened
years
ago.
Sometimes
you
have
to
you
know
worry
about
some
of
those
things
too.
So
you're
right,
like
in
north
carolina
where
you
lay
your
head,
is
considered
your
legal
voting
residence.
C
So
you
know
decades
ago
there
were
like
those
old
grandfather.
Handshake
agreements
like
okay,
your
property
or
the
parcel
is
in
you
know
more
than
one
county,
but
the
actual
homestead
is
in
you
know
on
one
part
of
the
line,
but
the
majority
of
the
property
is
in
another
county.
C
So
sometimes
when
you're
using
gis
technology
and
you're
putting
the
point
on
the
residence,
it
may
be
right
that
it's
in
you
know
one
county,
but
it
could
be
that
you
know
that
the
people
who
live
there
they
may
align
themselves
with
the
other
county
because
that's
where
their
property
is
right,
so,
like
the
farm
most
of
the
farm
could
be
in
county
a
the
house
is
in
you
know,
county
b,
they
are
being
serviced.
C
C
That's
some
of
the
uncomfortable
conversations,
not
just
you
know
where,
where
does
your
husband
sleep
or
where
does
your
wife
sleep,
but
also
like?
Well,
I'm
sorry
that
the
you
know
forsyth
county
sheriff
department
comes
to
your
house.
You
don't
have
you
know
the
legal
right
to
vote
for
the
sheriff,
so
those
things
can
be
unexpected
and
difficult
to
talk
to
voters
when
they've
been
voting.
You
know
in
a
certain
jurisdiction
for
years.
B
Sure
veronica,
when
we
were
preparing
for
this
you
mentioned,
had
an
interesting
insight
about
all
the
steps
that
go
into
creating
a
ballot
like
this
is
what
we,
as
as
voters,
are
used
to
seeing,
and
so,
if
you
could
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
steps.
What
goes
into
about
that
people
might
not
appreciate.
C
Absolutely
and
so
kathy
kind
of
touched
on
this
right
so
like
when
you
get
like,
if
there's
going
to
be
a
redistricting
change
or
change,
and
so
certainly
you
know
we're
coming
upon.
You
know
reapportionment
because
of
the
census,
but
you
know
even
throughout
you
know,
within
the
decade.
Sometimes
if
there
has
been
like
litigation
to
those
districts,
sometimes
you
know
you're,
you
may
be
changing
them,
and
so
timing
does
is
of
the
essence.
C
Sometimes
the
changes
right
are
from
litigation,
and
it's
not
just
you
know
the
legislature
that
has
implemented
a
new
boundary.
So
timing
is
pretty
important
when
it
comes
to
putting
those
ballots
together
and
kathy
is
exactly
right,
like
you
start
with
election
day,
and
you
start
thinking
about
all
of
the
key
milestones
that
are
needed,
and
so
and
typically
you
have
to
like
think
about.
Okay,
an
election
is
on
this
date,
but
when
do
my
ballots
need
to
go
out
and
typically
you're
trying
to
think
about?
C
You
know
certainly
meeting
the
federal
45-day
iwakaba
deadline
for
military
and
overseas
citizens,
depending
on
the
state
like
in
north
carolina.
Most
elections,
ballots
have
to
go
out
50
days
and
not
even
45.,
so
those
are
the
types
of
things
that
elections
administrators
are
thinking
about,
and
so,
if
the
ballots
have
to
go
out,
you
know
45
days
right
before
an
election.
C
Well,
how
long
before
that,
before
you
can
implement
some,
you
know
redistricting
changes
and
it,
and
if
you
want
to
do
it
right,
you
need
enough
time
to
make
sure
that
you
get
it
done
and
that
you
can
approve
those
boundaries
and
sometimes
you
have
to
even
think
about
like
candidate
filing,
and
so
you
know
if
a
candidate
is
going
to
file
for
a
certain
district.
So
there
are
a
lot
of
time.
C
Considerations
in
that,
and
I
explain
all
of
that
again
just
to
say:
okay,
so
now
we
have
to
think
about
when
it
comes
to
making
a
ballot.
You
have
to
look
at
think
about
the
certainly
the
contests
the
contest
jurisdictions,
getting
making
sure
that
the
candidates
are
qualified
to
run
for
the
contest
jurisdiction
and
then
all
of
the
other
things
that
go
along
with
that,
like
the
precinct
boundaries,
the
the
party
and
then
also
you
know,
adding
candidates
to
that
mix.
All
of
those
things
encompass.
C
You
know
what
what
goes
into
a
ballot.
Let
me
see
if
I
left
anything
off
so
I'll
leave
anything
off
kathy
jurisdictions,
con
the
actual
contest
themselves,
candidates,
if
there
are
any
ballot,
questions
that
are
necessary
and
those
things
have
to
align
with
jurisdictions
as
well,
sometimes,
and
certainly
political
parties,
and
so
all
of
that
data
depending
on
you
know
the
state
and
the
county
and
what's
used
either.
It
comes
directly
from
the
election
management
system.
It
does
in
north
carolina
and
my
state
of
pennsylvania.
C
It
does
not,
and
so
the
counties
regardless
have
to
work
with
their
ballot
services
vendor.
So
basically
voting
systems
or
whoever
manages
their
putting
their
ballots
together.
It
and
the
data
has
to
be
right,
and
so
all
of
those
things
go
into
the
ballot
configuration
or
the
voting
system
software.
C
So
it's
not
like
cat.
The
kathy's
of
this
world
are
going
into
you
know,
word
and
they're,
making
you
know
a
ballot
on
a
word
processor
or
anything
like
that.
It
really
is
specialized
data
con.
You
know
specific
to
an
election
event
that
goes
into
that
system
and
then
the
ballot
configuration
happens
hopefully
in
enough
time,
so
that
they
can
print
the
ballots
and
get
them
in
the
mail
before
whatever
deadline,
that's
necessary
for
that
state.
B
Well,
I
like
how
you
touched
on
a
a
lot
of
things
there,
including
the
time
scarcity
issue
that
will
come
back
to
scarcity.
For
for
other
resources.
I
did
want
to
mention
one
thing
that
you
said
made
me
think
of
it
too,
that
a
lot
of
smaller
counties
don't
actually
do
their
database
administration
in-house.
They
contract
it
out
to
other
vendors.
B
Other
consultants
and
I've
heard
some
stories
of
mixed
accuracy
from
from
the
consultants
they're
working
with,
but
just
be
aware
that
it's
it's
often
that
work
is
is
being
contracted
out
in
thinking
about
it.
It's
something
I'm
aware
of,
and
talking
about
this
is.
There
are
things
that
make
a
difference
for
the
election
officials
also
things
that
make
a
difference
for
candidates
for
parties
and
also
for
voters
and
just
voter
confidence.
B
So
kathy.
Maybe
could
you
speak
to
if
you
were
to
be
able
to
offer
any
advice
to
people
who
are
drawing
district
lines
and
thinking
downstream
about
how
they
might
affect
those
groups
of
people?
Is
there
any
any
suggestions
you
might
have
for
things?
That,
for
example,
might
be
more
likely
to
introduce
human
error
in
in
the
process
or
concern
I've
heard,
for
example,
when
it
comes
to
voter
confidence,
that
a
lot
of
voters
don't
realize
about
the
time
it's
going
to
take.
B
If
there's
a
split
precinct
for
the
voting
database
to
reflect
which,
which
precinct
each
voter,
I'm
sorry
which
district
each
each
voter
is
in.
If
a
precinct
has
been
split,
that
that
can
take
time
and
a
local
official
I
talked
to
in
north
carolina
talked
about
how
they're
really
trying
to
encourage
voter
confidence,
but
that
some
of
these
things
can
add
more
challenge
depending
on
how
the
districts
are
drawn.
Sorry,
that
was
a
long-winded
question.
D
So
so,
certainly
when
voters
get
a
ballot
either
in
the
mail
or
presented
to
them
in
person
to
cast
their
ballot
in
person,
it
doesn't
have
what
they
expect
it
to
have
on
it.
That
is
obviously
a
problem
for
confidence
within
the
election
system
itself.
One
of
the
things
that
gis
allows
us
to
do
and
that
we
do
actually
every
every
election
here
in
my
office
is
we
use.
D
The
database
like
brother
was
was
talking
about
to
generate
ballot
types,
so
a
voter
lives
in
a
particular
spot
in
every
jurisdiction
that
is
in
that
vote
or
the
voter
is
a
member
of
say,
a
member,
probably
not
the
right
right
term,
but
all
of
those
contests
will
appear
on
their
ballot,
and
so
that
is
a
somewhat
unique
set
of
contests
to
present
to
that
voter
on
their
ballot.
C
It's
you're
you're
very
nicely
and
gracious
graciously
saying
that
sometimes
voters
don't
always
know
where
they
they
live
or
their
con
yeah,
and
so
they
are
surprised,
sometimes
right
when
they
get
their
ballot
and
they
expect
that
they're
going
to
be
voting.
You
know
for
one
candidate,
and
this
happens
like
at
a
lot
sometimes
at
the
local
like
once
you
get
down
ballot
and
they
don't
know
that
they're
in
county,
commissioner,
you
know
district
whatever,
as
opposed
to
you
know,
and
it
could
be
a
difference
between
again.
C
D
D
Yes,
thank
you.
So
when
we're
developing,
though
the
different
kinds
of
ballots
for
our
county,
we
always
have
over
20
ballot
styles
within
our
county
and
sometimes
it's
up
to
100,
depending
on
what's
going
on
and
what's
on
ballot
and
parties
right
for
primary
elections.
But
what
we'll
do
is
take
the
text,
data
from
our
voter
registration
system
and
then
map
it
and
make
sure
before
we
ever
produce
a
ballot
that
we
are
in
fact
using
gis.
D
We
can
see
with
our
eyes
so
much
easier
than
in
a
table
of
data
like
blake
showed
us
in
the
beginning
of
the
presentation,
so
much
easier
to
look
at
a
map
and
say:
okay
yeah,
this
particular
school
district
is
in
the
wrong
spot
in
our
somehow.
We've
got
something
miscoded
in
our
database,
so
we
have
to
go
back
and
figure
it
out.
If
the
you
know,
you
should
see
very
much
like
what
we
saw
again
earlier
when
blake
showed
us
the
different
congressional
districts.
D
You
should
see
very
you
know,
defined
blotches
of
color
on
the
map
to
show
you
that
those
ballot
styles
are
all
correct
and
the
same
and
contiguous
they
all
are
the
same.
They
all
touch
each
other.
So
if
we
see
polka
dots
or
something
like
that,
obviously
we're
going
to
double
check
our
work
and
triple
check
and
quadruple
check,
which
is
what
we
do
in
elections
anyway.
But
gis
really
helps
us
get
a
visual
verification
that
what
we
got
in
our
the
text
of
the
database
is
correct.
C
And
the
reality
is:
is
that
sometimes
like
the
county's
geocoding,
it
could
be,
it
could
be
wrong,
and
so
there
were
cases
like
that.
You
know
in
north
carolina
where
the
geocode
was
wrong.
Municipal
boundaries-
or
you
know
just
county,
commissioner
or
whatever,
and
there
were
some
cases
where
you
know
it.
It
was
significant
enough
that
it
affected
an
election,
and
so
you
know
the
election
could
have
been
under
protest
and
could
have
led
to
like
a
new
election,
and
so
those
things
you
know
can
happen.
C
B
Great
well,
I
appreciate
it
when
you
guys
were
expressing
your
appreciation
for
each
other,
and
I
want
to
make
sure
that
I
also
thank
you
both
and
people
anyone
who's
working
in
elections.
I
know
it
was
a
very
hard
year
and
there
it's
been
well
covered,
how
there's
been
a
lot
of
extreme
scrutiny
and
it
is
not
an
easy
job
and
there's
often
folks
are
working
with
limited
resources.
B
So
one
just
wanted
to
say
a
a
big
thank
you
and
wendy's
back
up
here
and
she
is
going
to
be
doing
the
q.
A
and
wendy.
Also
I'd
encourage
you
if
there's
something
that
you
would
hope
that
we
would
talk
about
that.
We
didn't
that
you'll
you'll
pose
your
own
question.
A
All
right,
absolutely
I'm
happy
to
take
any
questions
that
come
from
the
audience,
but
I
want
to
ask
all
three
of
you:
we
do
have
a
legislative
audience
in
front
of
us
and
they'll
care
that
it's
hard
for
the
county
clerks
to
do
those
straight
street
segment
files
and
they
can
recognize
that
the
little
glitches
in
the
corners
can
sometimes
cause
problems,
and
we
did
hear
a
little
bit
about
the
voter
confidence
piece.
But
but
could
you
talk
to
me
a
little
bit
about
any
of
the?
A
What
goes
wrong
if
you
don't
have
things
coded
correctly
and
also
whether
there's
any
cost
savings?
So
that's,
that's
two
pieces
is
there
what's
the
consequence
and
then
what's
the
savings.
D
So
I
think
the
the
worst
case
scenario
is
that
you
file
a
candidate
in
the
wrong
district
and
allow
them
to
appear
on
ballot
in
the
wrong
place.
That
would
be
never
happened
to
me,
but
don't
want
it
to
that
would
be
bad.
That
would
be
extremely
extremely
bad
yeah
and
cost
savings.
I
think
again
another
one
of
the
worst
things
that
can
happen
and
has
not
happened
to
me.
D
But
I've
read
news
stories
about
ballots
being
misdirected
or
about
having
the
wrong
contest
on
them
and
then
having
to
be
reprinted
re-mailed
out
that
kind
of
thing,
because
we
do
a
lot
of
vote
by
now
in
california.
We,
when
those
errors
happen,
they
happen
and
they're
they're
caught,
usually
very
early
in
the
proc
in
the
election
process.
Right
ballots
go
out
about
a
month
before
election
day,
so
that
would
be
the
dog
that
doesn't
bark.
My
friend
with
nicoisinberry
says
right.
D
So
that's
where
I
think
about
cost
savings
is
having
that
not
having
reprints,
not
having
and
and
obviously
both
of
those
things
are
really
a
big
hit
to
voter
confidence
as
well.
C
Yeah,
it's
the
preventive
maintenance
that
we
talked
about
so,
like
any,
you
know
throughout
the
process
the
elections
process.
If,
if
the
jurisdictions
are
wrong,
you
know
it
could
affect
you
know
wrong
contests
or
not,
including
a
contest
on
the
ballot
wrong
candidate,
not
being
qualified
and
and
also
what
I
also
explained
is
like
voter,
getting
or
not
getting
the
correct
the
correct
ballot
style
because
of
you
know
an
administrative
error
and
like
no
elections
official
wants
that
you
know
wants
that
to
happen,
so
anything
that
we
can
do
to
prevent.
C
That
is
necessary
and
so
blake
you
mentioned
or
wendy
you
mentioned
like
one
like
some
counties
are
very,
very
small.
C
They
only
have
one
person,
you
know
doing
all
of
this,
and
I
know
we've
been
talking
about
the
use
of
gis
technology
and
you
know
we
talked
about
the
north
carolina,
but
that
is
not
the
reality
in
many
many
many
jurisdictions,
like
I'm
in
pa
pennsylvania
and
so
we're
working
like
one
of
the
things
that
I'm
interested
in
doing
in
this
state
is,
you
know,
helping
the
counties,
leverage,
the
use
of
gis
technology
and
to
build
it
into
this
state's
voter
registration
management
system.
C
So
that
could
be
costly.
However,
it
could
save
right,
like
kathy
said,
if
we
have
the
means
and
the
tools
to
ensure
that
it's
done,
you
know
as
accurately
as
possible
up
front.
A
Veronica,
how
much
it
costs
to
get
that
up
and
running
in
pennsylvania,
but
I
did
want
to
point
out
that
we
all
carry
these
phones
around
and
they
are
gis
all
over
the
place.
I
mean
they
know
where
the
starbucks
is
so
there's
no
doubt
that
we
as
normal
people,
are
familiar
with
this
concept,
but
we
don't
call
it
that
we
call
it
google
maps.
A
But
I
think
if
we
can
think
of
that
as
our
entry
point,
then
those
of
us
who
might
be
a
little
scared
of
new
technology
don't
have
to
be
so
scared
anymore
and
then
again
because
we're
talking
to
people
in
legislatures.
If
what
would
you
ask
them
to
be
doing?
What
is
there
a
way
that
a
legislature
could
make
this
work
better
in
a
state,
and
it
could
be
more
than
one
thing,
of
course,.
C
Yeah
well
absolutely
let
me
jump
on
that
one,
and
that
is
to
so
you
mentioned
like
how
much
does
it
cost?
I
I
I
don't
know.
I
can
tell
you
that
a
lot
of
the
resources
like
the
the
data
like
the
gis
information,
is
there
it's
just
a
matter
of
leveraging
what's
there
and
making
sure
that
different
entities
can
communicate
and
coordinate
with
each
other.
So,
for
instance,
like
the
state
level
jurisdictions,
like
you
know,
congressional
and
legislative
judicial.
C
All
of
those
things
are,
you
know
what
like
at
least
in
north
carolina-
and
I
think
here
in
pennsylvania
as
well.
Are
you
know
kind
of
at
the
state
level,
and
so
the
state
board
of
elections
in
north
carolina
has
access
direct
access
to
that
information
from
their
general
assembly
and
so
but
the
things
that
are
not
as
readily
available
that
elections
administrators
have
to
kind
of
dig
for,
especially
at
the
county
level.
C
It's
municipal
boundaries,
making
sure
that
the
municipalities
you
know,
share
annexations
and
de-annexations
and
kathy
talked
about
that
county
commissioners
and
and
then
those
you
know,
those
really
sewer
districts
and
hospital
boards
and
mosquito
advisory
committees,
like
whatever
those
are
in
north
carolina,
soil
and
water
conservation
districts,
which
I
have
no
idea
still
what
they
are.
But
those
sometimes
are,
you
know
more
difficult,
they're,
not
the
access
to
the
data,
it's
not
readily
available.
So
what
can
legislators
do
make
sure
that
all
of
you
know
every
type
of
governing
jurisdiction?
C
A
Kathy,
let
me
ask
you
this:
I
was
thinking
of
something
entirely
different
and
I'm
guessing
you'll
have
a
different
perspective.
I
was
thinking
that
perhaps,
if
the
state
required
the
counties
to
file
their
precincts
on
a
regular
basis
that
might
help
move
things
along,
so
it's
not
such
a
crisis.
I
bet
you
hate
that
idea.
A
Well,
I
don't
know
what
you
mean
by
file
a
file
with
the
state.
So
here's
our
map,
here's
our
new
map,
here's
our
office
every
time
that
you
make
a
new
map.
D
Yeah
yeah,
so
california
has
a
process
for
mandates
what
they
call
unfunded
mandates.
I'm
sure
that's
not
an
unfamiliar
term
to
folks
which
could
have
a
funding
hook,
but
we
do
have
some.
You
know.
D
California,
is
you
know
renowned
for
los
angeles
being
the
biggest
county
on
the
planet
and
it
is,
and
they
do
an
amazing
job
and
they
have
700
people
that
work
there,
but,
like
veronica
said,
we
also
have
in
california
and
across
the
nation
lots
of
election
departments
that
operate
not
only
with
just
one
person,
but
one
person,
who's
part-time.
D
The
townships
in
michigan
are
tiny
and
some
of
those
folks
literally
only
work
one
day
a
week
for
four
hours
until
the
election
comes
around
right.
So
the
idea
that
we're
gonna
get
these
very
small
jurisdictions
to
produce
this
kind
of
fairly
technically
sophisticated
product.
Without
some
help
is
you
know,
we
need
help.
A
All
right,
I
do
know
that
some
other
states
are
also
using
gis,
that's
even
within
the
legislature
to
assist
counties
and
in
washington
state.
It's
in
the
sos
office,
the
secretary
of
state's
office.
We
have
a
question
from
tim
erickson
and
it
could
be
any
of
the
three
of
you.
Do
you
have
contact
with
the
state?
Do
you
at
the
local
level
so
kathy?
Let's
start
with,
you
have
contact
with
the
state
as
they're
doing
their
redistricting.
Do
the
do.
The
redistricters
know
that
you're
on
the
other
side
receiving
their
their
maps.
D
I
can
just
speaking
about
what
happened
in
2011.
Absolutely
california
has
an
independent
redistricting
commission
that
redraws
the
lines
for
congressional
our
state
assembly
and
state
senate
districts
and
they'll
be
working
that
we've
already
seeded
a
bunch
of
those
commissioners
and
they'll
be
doing
that
work
independently
and
the
contractor
they
used
last
time
with
somebody
who
works
intimately
with
counties
as
part
of
her
regular
work.
D
I
don't
know
who's
going
to
be
the
contractor
this
time,
who's
going
to
facilitate
that
commission,
but
so
my
hope
is
my
hope,
is,
I
hope
so
is.
I
guess
my
answer.
A
C
The
game
so
right
so
we're
just
starting
this
process,
I'm
learning
in
pennsylvania-
and
there
is
a
redistricting
commission-
that's
you
know
going
to
be
engaged
in
this
work,
so
it'll
be
interesting
as
I
learn
about
pa,
but
in
north
carolina
the
state
board
of
elections
works
directly
with
the
north
carolina
general
assembly
when
it
comes
to
redistricting
and
there's
shared
information
even
prior
to
you
know
the
plans
going.
C
You
know
the
general
assembly,
you
know,
enacting
the
plans,
so
that's
part
of
the
maintenance
and
just
shared
communication,
at
least
at
when
I
that
was
part
of
my
job.
When
I
was
there,
you
know
working
on
some
of
those
things
and
there's
also
a
coordination
in
north
carolina
with
other
the
state.
Geographic
can't
think
of
the
name
of
the
agency
right
now,
but
I
certainly
did
do
some
work
with
them.
C
Sometimes
again,
just
the
prep
work
that
comes
that
are
naturally
involved
in
just
managing
county
boundaries.
North
carolina
had
to
go
through
this
process
of
like
re-defining
the
boundary
between
north
carolina
and
south
carolina
or
north
carolina
and
virginia
all
of
those
things
play
a
critical
part
of
elections.
Administration
of
knowing
exactly
what
the
boundaries
are.
A
Wow
and
blake
I'll
throw
this
to
you
too,
about
the
the
communication
piece
and
then
leave
it
to
you
to
close
us
out.
On
this
amazing
hour,
we've
spent
together.
B
I
think
thank
you
and
yes,
thank
you
to
the
the
panelists.
I
think
that
kathy
and
veronica
hit
a
lot
of
the
major
high
points
on
communication
to
go
back
to
your
question
about
cost
savings
and
and
recommendations.
B
I
know
that
sort
of
one
general
piece
of
advice
that
I
would
have
is
to
for
the
legislators
or
people
working
on
drawing
districts
to
understand
what
the
base
units
that
are
in
already
in
the
elections
database
are
and
to
try
and
draw
districts
that
align
with
those,
because
from
what
I've
heard
a
ton
of
hours
are
spent
when
the
the
database
has
to
be
updated
for
for
boundaries
that
aren't
already
accounted
for
in
the
database
and
I've
heard
from
folks
about
the
I
mean
astronomical
amounts
of
overtime
hours,
people
working
80
100
hour
weeks,
not
necessarily
for
that
process,
but
just
in
general,
and
so
any
any
hours
saved
could
be
prevented.
B
B
We
talked
about
communication
planning
in
advance
understanding
the
calendar
thinking
about
the
people
downstream
that
are
affected
by
the
process,
not
just
elections,
officials,
but
voters,
candidates,
parties
and,
I
think,
that's
a
good
good
place
to
wrap
it
up.
Thank
you,
everybody
and
I'll
look
forward
to
seeing
you
around.