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A
Just
to
start
out,
I'm
going
to
give
a
brief
overview
of
the
meeting,
I'd
like
to
welcome
everyone
back.
It's
been
really
nice.
Having
this,
you
know
regular
cadence
of
meetings
throughout
the
fall,
giving
us
all
a
chance
to
catch
back
up
and
catch
up
on
some
really
important
topics.
A
So
we'll
start
off
with
some
meeting
updates
on
upcoming
additional
resources
and
meetings.
We
realized
that
over
the
past
several
meetings,
we
have
had
to
cut
comments
and
questions
short
during
some
of
some
of
that
due
to
a
shortage
of
time.
So
that's
why
we
have
planned
this
meeting
for
an
hour
and
a
half.
We
may
not
need
all
of
that,
but
we
did
want
to
make
sure
that
we
had
plenty
of.
B
A
For
that
discussion,
because
that's
really
why
we're
here
that's
one
of
the
best
things
that
we
get
out
of
these
and
we
will
also
have
an
opportunity
for
business
meeting
as
part
of
the
meeting
today
where
members
can,
if
you
like,
take
an
opportunity
to
share
developments,
news
or
other
insights
from
your
states,
so
you
can
give
that
a
little
thought
as
as
we
move
forward
and
then
the
the
main
feature
for
today
will
be
a
presentation
from
dr
john
carmack
with
the
doe's
office
of
nuclear
energy.
A
That
will
be
followed
up
by
questions
and
discussion.
As
always.
So
with
that,
let's
get
into
the
updates,
we
do
have
several
upcoming
meetings
that
might
be
of
interest
to
nlwg
members,
thursday
november
18th.
This
is
the
virtual
replacement,
very
small
replacement
for
the
intergovernmental
meeting
christopher.
I
believe
just
put
that
link
to
register
in
the
chat.
It
is
an
inter
a
fireside
chat
with
ike
white,
the
acting
assistant
secretary
for
the
u.s
department
of
energy's
office
of
environmental
management.
A
That
meeting
goes
from
2
to
3
p.m.
Eastern
we've
sent
out
a
few
reminder:
emails
about
it,
but
there's
the
link
is
in
the
chat
for
anyone
who
hasn't
had
the
opportunity
to
register.
Yet
it
should
be
a
really
good
opportunity
to
get
together
virtually
with
some
of
the
other
intergovernmental
groups
and
engage
with
em
leadership
on
a
variety
of
issues,
including
workforce
development,
changes
in
leadership
and
impacts
of
coca-19.
A
On
the
cleanup
mission,
the
following
day
on
friday
november
19th
is
a
nuclear
matters
and
third
way
are
hosting
a
moderated
panel
to
discuss
cold
to
nuclear,
that
is
from
11
a.m,
to
12
30
p.m.
Eastern,
if
you'll
remember,
and
if
you
attended
alan
third
ways.
Alan
ahn
spoke
to
this
group
in
september
on
smrs
and
advanced
reactors.
A
He,
as
part
of
his
presentation,
noted
this
trend
of
using
smrs
and
advanced
reactors
to
replace
retired
coal
units
in
order
to
capitalize
on
existing
infrastructure
workforces
and
supporting
energy
communities
that
have
relied
on
these
facilities
for
for
quite
some
time
again,
christopher
is
putting
that
link
to
that
meeting
in
the
chat
for
anyone
who's
interested
in
attending.
A
And
finally,
we
didn't
make
note
of
this
in
an
earlier
email,
but
we've
been
working
with
naruc,
the
national
association
of
regulatory
utility
commissioners
to
get
a
virtual
tour
to
join
them
for
a
virtual
tour
of
the
new
new
scale,
virtual,
I'm
sorry,
new
scale
powers,
virtual
tour
options,
they've
developed
several
tours,
including
a
control
room,
simulator,
an
integral
system
test
facility
and
an
upper
module
mock-up
facility.
I
was
able
to
tour
the
control
room
simulator
during
an
ncsl
trip
to
the
tri-cities
area
of
washington.
A
couple
of
years
back.
A
It
was
a
very
impressive,
very
cool
experience
for
anyone
who's
not
familiar
with
new
scale.
Their
reactor
design
includes
6
or
12
different
reactors
each
at
77
megawatts,
and
so
this
tour
will
explore
how
those
plants
might
be
operated
and
it
will
also
be
a
chance
to
connect
with
some
some
neiruk
members
as
well.
That
was
originally
scheduled
for
december
3rd,
but
we've
had
to
reschedule
due
to
new
skills
asked
for
that.
We
rescheduled
for
early
january,
so
stay
tuned.
A
That's
going
to
be
a
great
opportunity
coming
up
after
the
new
year
and
then
finally,
I
just
wanted
to
mention
you
know:
there's
been
a
lot
of
discussion
around,
what's
going
to
happen
with
our
meetings
next
year,
given
the
uncertainty
following
the
the
cancellation
of
the
intergovernmental
meeting
which
was
supposed
to
take
place
this
week,
we
would
have
all
been
in
nashville
together
if
things
have
worked
out,
but
those
plans
will
we
are
planning
to
return
to
a
more
normal
schedule
so
having
a
spring
in
person
meeting
with
site
visits
sometime
in
the
late
june,
early
july
time
frame
and
and
an
intergovernmental
meeting
in
november.
A
A
We
haven't
had
an
in-person
meeting
like
this
in
quite
some
time,
so
we
are
very
excited
and
there's
also
a
lot
of
potential
sites
that
we
haven't
been
to
in
quite
a
while
that
we
could
propose.
So
we
will
be
sending
out
an
email
in
the
coming
weeks
with
a
survey
to
gauge
interest
in
various
sites
for
the
meeting
and
with
that
I'm
going
to
move
us
into
the
business
meeting.
A
So
we
do
want
to
take
a
moment
and
give
all
of
you
a
chance
to
engage
a
little
bit
and
let
us
know
if
there's
anything
coming
up
in
your
states,
anything
that
you
foresee
an
issue
in
the
coming
legislative
session
policies
under
consideration
or
discussion,
really
just
an
opportunity
to
pick
up
on
conversations.
We
started
in
prior
meetings
or
start
new
ones.
A
So
with
that
you
can
either
raise
your
hand
using
the
zoom
functions
or
by
hitting
star
9
if
you're
dialing
in
or
you
know,
it's
a
small
enough
group,
if
you
want
to
just
go
off
mutant,
start
talking.
That
would
work
as
well.
So
with
that,
I
will
open
the
floor
to
see
if
anyone
has
anything
they'd
like
to
share.
C
Buys
on
from
michigan,
I
just
wanted
to
mention
that
up
here
in
michigan,
we
went
through
the
discussion
of
deregulation.
I
want
to
say
five
six
years
ago
and
we
had
a
plan,
and
now
we
are
trying
to
ascertain
as
to
whether
or
not
the
plan
is
functioning
as
anticipated,
or
if
we're
going
to
need
revisions
to
it
and.
A
Yeah,
thank
you
for
that.
I
I
know
you're
you're,
certainly
not
alone
and
having
some
of
those
conversations
around
deregulation,
and
I
know
in
in
the
west
there's
a
lot
of
discussion
around
and
southeast
there's
a
lot
of
discussion
around
expanding
access
to.
D
B
Sure
he'll
hop
back
on
whenever
he
can
but
yeah
it
looks
like
he
got
a
little
frozen
up
over
there.
If
anyone
else
wants
to
go
ahead
and
jump
in
and
share
about
some
updates,
and
then
dan
can
finish
up
when
he
comes
back.
E
Well
I'll
pop
in
there
for
you,
questions,
I'm
gonna
leave
all
the
technical,
good,
stuff
and
energy
to
kathy
and
just
say
that
one
of
the
opportunities
we
have
in
maryland
as
we
look
forward
to
energy
in
our
individual
communities,
especially
in
our
counties,
we
have
a
coal
plant
that
is
shuttering.
E
It's
been
in
that
process
for
a
while
now,
and
I
just
recently
engaged
with
some
of
the
people
that
are
involved
with
the
redevelopment
of
that
site
and
I'd
strongly
encourage
them
to
see
what
they
could
do
on
that
site
in
order
to
preserve
the
opportunities
that
are
there
to
move
electric
up
onto
the
grid,
the
conversion
and
so
forth.
So
I'm
very
excited
about
new
scale
and
what
they're
doing
and
I've
been
following
that
pretty
pretty
much
as
they
move
through
the
system.
So
maybe
there's
an
opportunity,
not
just
for
our
community.
B
For
sharing,
I
think
you
know
we
mentioned
that
cold-
a
nuclear
transition
earlier
in
the
chat
that
might
be
a
good
opportunity
if
you're
available
on
friday-
and
I
I
I
believe
I
don't
know
if
you've
heard
of
x,
energy.
D
Yeah,
okay,
I'm
off
mute.
I
know
I
just
want
to
say
I
think
nuclear
has
never
been
in
the
forefront
of
conversations
in
annapolis
until
the
past.
I
would
say
six
months
and
we,
the
economic
matters
committee
and
I
went
along
with
them
from
the
senate
and
we
had
an
a
good
tour
of
calvary
cliffs
and
they
have
now
sprouted
out
a
little
bit
and
are
trying
to
get
more
members
of
the
finance
committee
of
which
I'm
on
to
to
come
and
visit
the
plant.
D
And
so
it's
not
the
sleeping
dog
that
it's
been
so
I'm
sure
we're
going
to
hear
much
more
from
them
as
time
goes
on,
and
I
am
happy
to
say
that
we
are
moving
along
with
the
turbines
in
the
atlantic
ocean
along
the
coast
of
maryland
and
delaware,
and
actually
maryland
did
very
well
with
the
that
we
have
a
great
port
and
the
port
is
going
to
have
lots
of
manufacturing
for
those
turbines
and
the
equipment
that
goes
along
with
it.
D
A
Yeah,
thank
you.
I
I
think
you
hit
on
something
that
everybody
really
tends
to
work
out,
which
is
that
the
jobs,
economic
impact
of
a
lot
of
these
industries
and
what
they
can
bring.
D
A
A
Yeah
thanks
all
right.
Anyone
else.
C
Everybody
started
jumping
on
a
little
late,
I'm
coming
on
the
end
of
this
conversation,
but
I
I
would
like
to
say
something
about
nuclear.
As
that
the
senator
said
we
went,
we
went
down
to
cowboys
cliffs
and
that's
the
only
nuclear
power
plant
in
the
state,
but
they
do
have
two
reactors
there,
yeah
and
now,
having
conversation
now
oftentimes
we
talk
about
clean
energy
and
we
talk
about
renewable
energy,
so
in
the
category
of
clean
energy,
yeah
with
nuclear
nuclear
would
definitely
fit
the
bill
so
far
as
renewable
energy.
C
Then
you
know
the
environmentalists.
They
still
have
some
concerns
of
concerns
about
that.
But
if
we're
going
to
reach
these
aggressive
say
goals
we
have
so
far
reducing
co2
emission,
then
we
we're
going
to
start
have
to
start
having
a
conversation
about
that
in
a
serious
conversation.
C
So
so
I
I
think
here
again,
but
in
maryland,
what
by
2030
we
want
50
of
our
energy
to
come
from
non-fossil
fuels.
So
in
order
to
get
that,
then
again,
of
course
that
that
conversation
is
going
to
have
to
be
had
and-
and
looking
look
look
at
that
seriously.
So
thank
you.
A
Yeah,
thank
you.
I
know
christopher's
been
doing
a
lot
of
work
on
that
topic,
the
distinction
between
renewable
portfolio
standards
and
clean
energy
standards.
I
know
there
was
a
clean
energy
standard
proposed
in
the
I
believe,
original
federal
package
that
was
being
discussed
tonight.
I'm
sure
dr
carmack
is
going
to
speak
to
some
of
those
topics
today,
once
we
get
to
his
his
presentation.
A
With
that,
I
think
we
can
start
moving
into
the
next
portion
of
our
presentation.
At
this
point,
I
will
turn
it
over
to
our
co-chair
senator
matty
hunter
from
illinois,
and
she
will
be
introducing
dr
carmack
in
the
presentation
so
take
it
away.
Senator
hunter.
C
Thank
you
dan
and
welcome
back
dan.
We
missed
you
for
a
few
minutes
there
and
thank
you
cop,
thank
you,
my
colleagues,
for
giving
us
an
update
as
to
what's
going
on
in
your
respective
states.
C
C
I'd
like
to
introduce
to
you
our
presenter
for
today
is
dr
john
carmack,
who
is
a
senior
technical
advisor
to
the
office
of
nuclear
energy.
He
previously
served
as
national
technical
director
for
the
department
of
energy
office
of
nuclear
energy
advancement,
advanced
fuels
campaign
prior
to
joining
the
office
of
nuclear
energy.
Dr
carmack
did
two
stints
at
the
idaho
national
laboratory
between
1991
and
1999.
C
He
worked
at
the
fuels
and
materials
department
and
then
returned
to
the
idaho
national
lab
in
2004
as
part
of
doe's
nuclear
techno
technology,
research
and
development
program.
He
holds
a
phd
in
nuclear
engineering
from
the
university
of
idaho,
but
before
we
hear
from
dr
carmack,
I
would
like
to
take
this
opportunity
to
stay
say
and
to
acknowledge
that
our
nuclear
legislative
work
group
would
like
to
thank
the
department
of
energy's
office
of
nuclear
energy
for
their
partnership
and
support
of
our
work
group.
C
These
policy
stems
from
advancing
clean
energy
and
workforce
goals
and,
for
example,
illinois
recently
passed
the
climate
and
equitable
jobs
act,
and
that
act
included
nearly
700
million
dollars
in
subsidies
to
support
commercial
nuclear
power
generation
in
the
state
of
illinois,
and
just
a
few
items
I'd
like
to
to
mention
as
well
is
that
the
bill
includes
significant
investment,
investments
in
clean
energy,
career
paths
and
workforce
development
programs
to
support
marginalized
job
seekers,
including
provides
over
80
80
million
dollars
for
workforce
and
contractor
development
programs
and
equity
force
in
focused
communities,
13
workforce
hubs
and
contractor
incubators,
and
the
prime
contractor
accelerator
provides
over
35
million
a
year
for
business
development
grants
and
low-cost
inclusive
capital
access.
C
It
requires
minimum
diversity
and
equity
requirements
for
all
renewable
energy
projects,
and
it
also
creates
dedicated
renewable
energy
contracts
for
disadvantaged
contractors.
I'm
not
going
to
go
through
everything,
but
those
are
just
a
few
of
the
highlights
of
that
climate
and
equitable
jobs
program,
which
is
senate
bill
2408.
C
Support
for
groups
like
the
nuclear
legislative
work
group
and
other
state
focused
initiatives
is
important
for
sparking
dialogue
and
sharing
information
between
policymakers
at
the
state
and
the
federal
levels,
and
so
we
basically
our
work
group.
C
B
Well,
thank
you
very
much
for
that
introduction,
senator
hunter
and
it's
my
pleasure.
Thank
you
very
much
for
the
invitation
and
opportunity
to
talk
to
you
today
about
the
activities
in
the
office
of
nuclear
energy.
It
sounds
like
there's
a
lot
of
awareness
already
out
there
on
your
guys's
part
and
the
opportunities
and
what
nuclear
energy
is
is
is
thinking
about,
and
so
I
guess
my
talk
today.
B
I'm
gonna
cover
pretty
quickly
sort
of
a
broad
swath
of
nuclear
technology
and
activities
that
the
office
of
nuclear
energy
is
pursuing
to
push
it
forward.
So,
but
I'm
completely
open
to
questions.
So
if
you,
if
you
have
any,
just
feel
free
to
stop
me
daniel
one
order
of
process,
I
think
am
I
sharing
the
presentation
or
are
you
so
so
that's
a
that's
totally
up
to
you.
Do
we
have
it
ready
to
go?
If
you
want
us.
C
A
Run
the
slides,
but
it's
for
your
personal
preference.
B
Let
me
I
can,
I
will
see
if
this
works.
Okay
did
that
work.
Yes,
we
can
see
your
screen
carbon
free,
new
power,
nuclear
yeah.
That's
so
that's
the
problem
with
going
that
way.
There
we
go.
B
That
works
great
great,
so
just
to
start
off
this
administration
is
very,
I
think
we
we've
all
seen
it
especially
coming
out
of
the
last
week
being
the
cop
26
in
glasgow.
Scotland
is
very
focused
on
climate,
climate
change
and
climate
policy,
and
so
that
has
a
as
we
all
appreciate,
a
great
impact
upon
the
energy
sectors
and
how
we
produce
the
power
and
energy
that
we
need
to
make
our
lives
productive.
B
That
includes
our
leadership
in
the
office
in
the
department
of
energy
secretary
granholm
is
a
former
governor
of
michigan
and
is
very
supportive
of
all
things.
Energy
related
and
she's,
very
well
known
for
her
work
in
pushing
forward
the
electric
vehicle
sector
in
the
state
of
michigan
and
the
manufacturing
associated
with
new
electric
vehicles,
she's
sort
of
once
coming
to
the
department,
she's,
really
sort
of
embraced
new
and
innovative
technologies.
B
She's
a
great
proponent
now
of
nuclear
energy
and
understands
sort
of
you
know
why
it's
needed
in
our
future.
So
so
let
me
cover
a
couple
of
things.
I
think
I
don't
know
if
everybody's
heard
about
these
goals,
but
there
are
three
primary
goals
that
the
that
the
administration
has
set,
and
so
where
these
come
from
is
from
the
commitments
to
the
united
nations
framework
convention
on
climate
change.
B
B
We
can
distribute
the
slides
afterwards,
also,
but
first,
the
first
goal
would
be
to
decarbonize
the
electricity
sector
by
50
to
52
by
2030,
so
it
means
converting
all
of
our
electricity
generation
to
a
non-greenhouse
gas
and
medium
technology
by
2035,
and
then
that
would
put
us
on
a
path
to
an
irreversible
path
to
a
net
zero
economy
by
2050,
and
so
the
net
zero
economy
by
2050
is
very
challenging
goal,
as
it
would
require
us
to
decarbonize
all
of
our
electricity
sector,
as
well
as
our
transportation
fleets
and
pretty
much
all
of
our
industrial
manufacturing
base.
B
B
You
can
find
more
about
these
goals
and
the
long-term
strategies
of
the
united
states
and
commitments
to
the
united
nations
climate
committee
through
the
well
one.
The
national
climate
strategy
is
available
in
many
different
places,
but
it's
what
has
set
the
near
term
priority
to
get
on
track
by
a
50
to
52
reduction
by
2030..
B
B
So
let
me
talk
about
nuclear.
It
is
our
largest
source
of
clean
carbon
free
power,
that's
generated
in
the
united
states.
Today
it
generates
over
50
percent
of
our
emissions,
free
electricity,
the
others
represented
by
wind
and
solar
hydro
power
about
20
and
geothermal.
Now,
solar
and
wind
have
been
growing
over
the
past
few
years,
but
nuclear
energy
really
has
the
largest
share,
just
because
it
has
a
very
high
energy
density
and
our
93
operating
reactors
today
operate
over
90
of
the
available
time
period
across
the
year.
B
So
it's
a
tremendous
amount
of
actual
electricity,
that's
generated
by
nuclear
power
already
in
the
united
states.
Today,
you
guys
mentioned
in
your
individual
states.
I
think
calvert
cliffs
in
maryland,
so
calvert
cliffs
produces
a
large
amount
of
the
actual
greenhouse
gas
free
emission
electricity
in
the
state
of
maryland
nuclear.
It
offsets
a
huge
amount
of
co2
emissions.
B
So
if
you
didn't
have
those
resources,
this
graphic
gives
you
an
appreciation
of
how
much
co2
emissions
are
actually
avoided
by
the
different
types
of
power
generation,
and
so
nuclear
generates
avoids
the
largest
amount
of.
B
I
mentioned
the
93
reactors
and
how
off
how
much
of
the
time
they're
actually
operating.
So
it's
one
of
the
things
that
the
nuclear
industry
in
the
united
states
has
achieved
over
the
last
couple
of
decades
is
really
moving
from.
You
know,
sort
of
having
outages
and
operational
issues
that
kept
them
online
for
about
70
percent
of
the
time.
B
B
It
makes
them
mostly
utilized
for
base
load
opportunities
and
but
a
huge
resource
for
us
and
and
and
good
reasons
to
why
we
have
to
sort
of
keep
them
online
into
the
future
as
we
try
to
meet
these
very
challenging
goals,
because
if
we
start
losing
these
nuclear
power
plants
off
of
the
grid
and
out
of
our
power
infrastructure,
we'll
have
to
replace
them
with
something
that
is
not
emitting
in
order
to
meet
these
goals.
B
And
in
the
future,
what
we
imagine
is
that
nuclear
energy
will
be
much
more
integrated
because
we
are
developing
new
and
advanced
reactors
that
are
better
able
to
integrate
into
producing
not
only
electricity,
but
also
coupling
to
produce
heat
energy
in
the
form
of
heat
that
can
be
directly
coupled
to
industrial
manufacturing
and
other
uses
for
power.
Besides
just
generating
electricity,
much
of
our
industrial
manufacturing
base
uses
a
lot
of
process
heat
energy
that
is,
in
addition
to
electricity.
B
A
lot
of
that
process
heat
is,
is
obtained
through
the
burning
of
fossil
fuels,
and
so
it
contributes
greatly
to
our
greenhouse
gas
emission
sector.
So
to
reach
some
of
these
goals,
we
have
to
really
decarbonize
much
of
our
transportation
and
industrial
manufacturing
and
hopefully,
with
new
and
advanced
reactors,
we'll
be
able
to
support
those
and
provide
both
heat
and
electricity
to
their
power,
generating
sets.
B
So,
a
little
bit
on
to
the
what
the
office
of
nuka
energy
is
is
actually
trying
to
do,
and
our
top
priorities
are
one
really
to
keep
these
existing
plants
open
in
order
to
to
supply
us
with
clean
emissions.
Free
electricity
for
the
next
30
40
years
up
through
20
50,
if
not
beyond,
and
then
we
would.
We
are
working
very
diligently
and
I'll
talk
about
this.
B
A
little
bit
more
and
building
advanced
reactors
and
trying
to
get
them
demonstrated
and
available
to
the
market
to
deploy
and
then,
thirdly,
is
to
manage
our
spent
nuclear
fuel.
So
you
know
the
the
thing
that
is
one
of
the
primary
issues
that
people
bring
up
against
nuclear
energy
is
the
spent
fuel
that's
produced
and
so
we're
working
to
provide
management
opportunities
for
the
nation.
B
B
Today,
there
is
a
program
that
will
value
our
our
existing
nuclear
power
plants
that
are
having
trouble
staying
economic
in
the
variety
of
different
electricity
markets
that
we
have
under
operation
in
the
united
states
today,
in
order
to
keep
them
on
and
producing
clean
emissions
free
electricity,
this
new
program
would
be
able
to
offset
their
losses
in
competitive,
difficult
economic
conditions.
B
So,
in
addition
to
that,
the
our
office
also
invests
in
a
number
of
advancements
to
our
current
fleet,
including
developing
and
deploying
digital
technologies.
Digital
digital
control,
room
technologies
to
advance
over
what
was
originally
built
in
the
plants,
apply
risk-informed
systems,
analysis
to
those
plans
to
help
them
manage
their
sort
of
their
operating
and
maintenance
activities.
What
should
they
do?
First,
what
is
the
most
economic
and
the
most
logical
in
terms
of
improving
the
the
operation
of
the
plants?
B
Also
developing
accident,
tolerant
fuels,
new
and
better
high
performance
fuels
for
for
our
existing
fleet?
So
you
you
mentioned
the
calvert
cliffs
plant,
I'll
just
note
that
just
last
week,
calvert
cliffs
installed
an
assembly
of
new
accident,
tolerant
fuel
developed
by
the
phramatome
company,
and
so
we're
very
excited
about
that
project
in
terms
of
improving
technology
and
operability
of
our
plants,
under
all
scenarios,
so
very
exciting
to
see
calvert
cliffs
a
leader
in
the
field
in
terms
of
developing
and
deploying
new
advanced
technologies,
even
in
our
current
fleet.
B
And
then
we
have
a
number
of
demonstration
projects.
Three
of
them,
in
fact
around
the
nation,
to
demonstrate
coupling
our
existing
nuclear
power
plants
to
the
production
of
hydrogen,
so
hydrogen
being
a
transition
fuel
or
a
fuel
to
available
to
us
to
make
sort
of
transition
to
these
integrated
energy
systems.
It'd
be
important
to
demonstrate
how
we
can
produce
elect
hydrogen
from
our
existing
fleet
of
plants.
B
So,
and
just
so
you
you
realize
that
we
are
building
new
nuclear
power
plants
here
in
the
united
states.
We're
excited
about
vogel
units
three
and
four,
which
are
westinghouse
designed
ap1000
nuclear
power
plants.
These
are
very
interesting,
advanced
plants
they're.
Very
I
use
the
word
beautiful
when
I
describe
them.
B
If
you
have
the
chance
to
go
and
visit
one
of
these
plants
down
in
georgia,
I
would
I
would
significantly
or
highly
recommend
you
do
that
they're
plants
that
are
much
they're
able
to
survive
on
their
own
in
off
normal
conditions
for
72
hours
without
operator
interaction.
So
if
there's
a
loss
of
off-site
power
to
the
plant,
it'll
automatically
shut
itself
down
and
cool
itself
for
72
hours
before
even
an
operator
has
to
take
action
and
then
at
72
hours.
B
The
only
action
that
an
operator
has
to
take
is
to
turn
on
the
backup
diesel
generators
to
to
keep
power
to
the
to
the
primary
coolant
loops
to
keep
water
flowing
through
the
reactor.
There
are
four
of
these
plants
already
built
and
operating
in
china.
So
it's
we're
very
excited
to
see
two
built
and
operating
here
in
the
united
states,
we're
expecting
the
startup
sometime
later
this
next
year,
adding
over
2000
megawatts
of
clean
emissions-free
electricity
to
the
grid,
so
very
interesting
plants
that
are
under
development.
B
B
We
see
them
being
developed
by
a
number
of
different
entities
and
there's
a
wide
variety
of
different
sort
of
timelines
of
for
deployment
for
some
of
these
technologies.
B
But
we
can
talk
about
more
specifics
about
some
of
the
near-term
things,
but
just
to
note
some
of
their
features
we're
talking
about
having
advanced
fuels
in
these
plants
that
you
know
are
very
resistant
to
off
normal
conditions.
They
can
survive
accident
conditions
very
well
with
with
without
releasing
any
radioactive
material
from
them
or
into
the
plants.
These
plants
are
really
sort
of
being
optimized
and
designed
using
advanced
modeling
simulation
tools
that
have
been
under
development
for
the
past
several
years.
B
Many
of
these
tools
and
methods
have
been
applied
to
sort
of
the
advanced
aircraft,
design
and
manufacturing
industries.
So
this
is
sort
of
the
next
generation
of
how
we're
using
those
types
of
tools
to
advance
advanced
computer
technology,
significant
amounts
of
development
and
investment
in
in
our
advanced
materials
and
manufacturing
techniques.
B
If
we're
utilizing
them
in
these
types
of
reactors
and
then,
of
course,
advanced
sensors
and
instrumentation
to
better
understand,
what's
happening
in
the
reactors
and
control
them,
advanced
reactors
can
take
a
number
of
different
forms
and
but
mostly
we're
talking
about
scaling
down
from
the
large
sort
of
power
stations
that
we've
traditionally
built
because
smaller
more
modular
reactors
are
more
amenable
to
integrating
into
variable
energy
demands
applications.
B
So
these
plants
are
being
designed
to
be
more
flexible
and
variable
and
how
they
supply
generate
their
in
their
energy
and
whether
they
generate
it
as
heat
or
as
or
as
electricity,
and
then
to
be
more
and
better
integrated
into
a
variable
energy
grid.
B
Let's
say
so,
as
we
see
more
and
more
variable
renewable
generation
placed
on
the
grid,
you
need
to
back
that
up
with
the
capability
to
produce
electricity
and
power
in
times
when
your
variable
generation
isn't
producing,
and
so
these
plants
are
being
designed
to
support
that
kind
of
availability
of
energy
systems.
B
So
let
me
switch
to
a
couple
of
specific
demonstrations
that
I
think
you'll
be
interested
in
earlier
this
last
year,
the
department
of
energy
funded
two
very
specific
demonstration
projects
of
advanced
reactors,
one
led
by
this
company
terrapower
called
the
natrium
reactor
and
the
second
led
by
x,
energy,
which
we
referred
to
as
being
headquartered
out
of
rockville
maryland
and
their
idea
is
to
gen
is
to
develop
a
high
temperature
gas
reactor
for
deployment.
So
these
are
different
types
of
reactors.
One
is
a
sodium
cooled
fast
reactor
they
intend.
B
Terrapower
intends
to
build
a
molten
salt
energy
storage
system,
along
with
it
such
that
it
can
supply
and
generate
heat.
It's
really
kind
of
an
energy
thermal
energy
storage
system
that
can
be
coupled
to
other
things
like
industrial
process
heat.
One
of
the
interesting
things
about
the
terrapower
project
is
that
it
recently
announced
its
sighting
in
the
state
of
wyoming
at
on
the
site
of
a
retiring
coal
plant,
and
so
you
guys
mentioned
coal
to
nuclear
transitions.
B
This
is
one
of
the
things
that's
actually
driving.
Some
of
those
conversations.
We've
talked
a
lot
with
the
energy
folks
and
the
energy
planning
community
planning
folks
in
wyoming,
and
they
really
see
this
idea
of
replacing
some
of
their
fossil
fuel
assets
and
transitioning
from
energy
systems
to
more
of
an
industrial
production
and
manufacturing.
B
So
they're
thinking
already
about
how
to
couple
some
of
these
advanced
reactor
ideas
with
industrial
manufacturing,
and
so
how
do
you
bring
more
industry
investment
to
your
states
with
more
jobs
and
economic
development
through
having
a
good
sort
of
energy
system?
That's
producing
both
electricity
and
heat
to
power.
Those
those
things
x,
energy
is
doing
very
similar
things.
One
of
the
interesting
things
about
the
the
high
temperature
gas
reactor
is:
it
produces
a
high
quality
heat,
that's
very
amenable
to
coupling
to
industrial
manufacturing
process.
B
These
are
funded
very
specifically
with
a
test
license
and
build
operational
reactors
within
the
next
five
to
seven
years,
and
so
they're
tasked
to
be
operational
by
approximately
2028.
one
of
the
more
exciting.
An
exciting
thing
about
this
program
is
that
the
recent
signage
of
the
infrastructure
and
jobs
act
that
hopefully
the
president
has
signed
by
now.
Today,
it
fully
authorized
the
funding
for
these
two,
these
projects
to
move
forward
through
demonstration
I
mentioned
the
terrapower
project-
is
cited
in
wyoming.
B
The
x
energy
project
has
chosen
a
site
near
the
energy
northwest
operational
nuclear
reactor
in
the
state
of
washington
as
its
preferred
site
for
deployment.
B
But
I'll,
let
me
turn
now
to
microreactors
a
very
interesting
and
exciting
area
for
development.
There
are
a
number
of
companies
that
are
currently
developing
micro
reactors,
so
less
than
20
megawatts
of
electric
electric
generation.
They
see
this
as
a
very
interesting
sort
of
space
to
design
and
a
new
business
opportunity
for
say
nuclear
reactor
technology
having
the
ability
to
provide
reliable
power,
both
electricity
and
heat
in
off-grid
communities,
maybe
in
remote
industrial
locations
and
there's
a
a
military
department
of
defense
activity.
That's
really
sort
of
pushing
this
forward.
Also.
B
B
So
I
think
this
is
sort
of
this
idea
is
driving
the
many
of
the
sort
of
business
opportunity
developments
and
new
applications
for
energy
production
in
places
that
haven't
normally
been
able
to
access
reliable,
24,
7
heat
and
electricity
production.
B
So,
just
a
little
bit
of
a
timeline
we
see
this
next
decade
is
a
very
sort
of
important
decade
for
advanced
nuclear
technologies
coming
online.
First,
we
expect
this
these
micro
reactors
to
really
sort
of
achieve
demonstration
here
in
the
early
2020s.
The
project
pele
is
the
dod
department
of
defense
funded
project.
That
is,
is
a
target
demonstration
date
of
2023.
B
They
plan
to
build,
construct,
build
and
start
a
reactor
by
2023
at
our
idaho
national
laboratory
and
demonstrate
its
operation.
There's.
A
B
Privately
funded
company
called
oakload
that
has
a
stated
goal
of
demonstration,
also
actually
at
idaho
national
laboratory
by
2025..
B
So
we
may
may
see
both
sort
of
development
and
deployment
of
microreactors
if
these
programs
are
successful,
sort
of
by
the
mid
2020s,
2025
2026,
where
microreactors
are
deployed
and
become
kind
of
a
commercial
business
application.
B
B
B
The
two
advanced
reactor
demonstrations
that
I
showed
on
the
previous
slide,
the
natrium
and
the
x
energy
100
reactors,
they're,
really
sort
of
2027
to
2028.
We
may
see
them
as
operational
and
then
I
you
know
because
this
this
powerpoint
is
sort
of
cut
down.
B
I
deleted
a
whole
bunch
of
slides
to
try
to
get
in
the
time
frame,
and
I
forgot
to
put
in
my
slide
for
new
scale
and
the
carbon
free
power
project,
led
by
uams,
a
collection
of
municipalities
in
the
western
united
states
plan
to
build
and
operate
a
new
scale
module
reactor
at
idaho
national
laboratory.
B
I'll
also
note
that
there
was
just
a
week
and
a
half
ago,
an
announcement
by
romania
that
they
had
an
agreement
to
also
build
and
construct
a
new
scale:
small
modular
water
cooled
reactor
in
romania,
starting
in
the
2027-2028
time
frame.
So
we
see
this
as
a
very
important
decade
for
the
development
demonstration
and
possible
commercial
applications
of
new
advanced
reactor
systems,
so
very
excited
about
that,
and
so
turning
to
spend
nuclear
fuel.
B
We
all
know
that
this
is
a
very
touchy
subject
for
many
people,
but
for
people
like
me,
it's
the
technical
possibilities
for
spent
nuclear
fuel
or
are
not
so
much.
You
know
in
question.
We
have
the
technology
available
to
us
to
manage
and
dispose
of
fuel
appropriately.
B
B
We
don't
see
that
spendular
fuel
is
a
is
a
challenge
to
the
development
and
operation
of
future
reactors,
because
really
there's
a
manageable
amount
of
fuel,
that's
actually
produced
for
for
the
amount
of
power
that
nuclear
provides
to
us
in
a
clean
electricity
environment.
So
our
goals
are
to
update
and
restart
the
consent
based
sighting
approach
to
building
a
federal
interim
storage
facility.
We
see
that
as
sort
of
really
getting
back
to
what
we
should
do
with
sort
of
our
spent
fuel
around
the
nation.
B
B
We
have
the
technical
capability
to
do
that
and
then
we're
interested
in
understanding
really
the
how
high
burn
up
fuel
or
fuel
that's
been
used
for
a
long
period
of
time
in
reactors
is
different
from
the
fuel
that
we
know
today,
because
we
see
the
industry
moving
more
and
more
in
order
to
improve
their
economics
and
improve
the
utilization
of
fuel
they're
they're,
using
it
for
longer
periods
of
time
in
the
reactors
and
that's
a
very
specific
process
with
the
nuclear
regulatory
commission
to
do
that.
B
But
we
need
to
understand
how
that
impacts
us
on
the
storage
side
in
the
in
the
long
term.
B
So
the
department
also
is
investing
heavily
in
our
university
system.
We
really
need
to
empower
a
new
generation
of
nuclear
energy
people
coming
from
our
from
the
university
systems,
and
so
our
neup
nuclear
energy
university
program
and
the
university
nuclear
leadership
program
has
funded
work
for
many
years
in
the
universities.
You
can
see
that
over
the
last
few
years
a
significant
amount
of
funding
has
been
provided
on
a
competitive
basis
across
the
united
states
to
a
variety
and
selection
of
universities
with
nuclear
programs
across
the
nation.
B
Since
2009
we've
awarded
over
700
million
dollars
to
over
130
schools
in
42
states,
one
of
the
us
territories
and
the
district
of
columbia
so
I'll
in
there.
If
and
thank
you
for
your
time
and
attention,
if
you
have
any
questions,
please
please
ask.
A
All
right,
thank
you
so
much
dr
carmack
for
that
presentation.
That
was
really
really
helpful
and
informative.
I
will
note
just
another
plug
and
sort
of
get
the
hype
train
going
for
our
spring
meeting,
that
a
number
of
you
on
the
call,
I
think
did
get
to
visit
the
vogel
new
build
project
during
our
meeting
in
2018.
A
I
believe
we
went
down
to
the
savannah
riverside
and
visited
the
the
vogel
new
build
project
as
part
of
that.
So
I
know
very,
I
didn't
actually
get
to
go.
I
was
awaiting
the
imminent
arrival
of
my
second
child,
so
I
didn't
get
to
see
it,
but,
but
I
know
a
number
of
our
members
spoke
very
highly
of
that
portion
of
the
tour.
So
so
thank
you
for
that.
Let's
turn
now
and
and
sort
of
open
the
floor
to
questions.
If,
if
those
are
forthcoming,
yeah
delegate
brooks.
C
Okay
thanks
dr
carmack,
that
some
way
I
read
that
spent
nuclear
fuel
from
a
power
plant
still
has
95
percent
of
its
potential
to
produce
electricity.
So
why
is
it
not
recycled.
B
So
right
now,
recycling
isn't
really
economically
available
to
us
in
in
terms
of
using
it
in
the
current
light
water
reactor
fleet.
We
think
that
closure
of
the
fuel
cycle
in
some
of
these
future
advanced
reactors
could
be
economically
advantageous,
and
so
the
spectacular
fuel
that
we
have
today
we
would
we
would
preferably
this
is
me
talking-
is
that
we
should
keep
it
in
a
form
that
we
could
pos
potentially
in
the
future,
utilize
its
energy
content,
but
for
economics
in
the
current
fleet.
B
B
It's
been
trading
fairly
low
on
the
open
international
market
and
that's
because
there's
really
sort
of
a
glut
of
uranium
put
on
the
market
by
international
suppliers,
mostly
russia
and
kazakhstan,
oversupply
the
market
with
uranium.
So
uranium
is
very
economical
at
this
time,
and
so
there's
not
much
incentive
to
try
and
recycle
our
spin
fuel
assemblies.
C
Okay
and
one
other
quick
question
I
saw
you
were
talking
about
the
advanced
fuels.
How
did
that
differ
from
what
we
currently
have.
B
B
Fuel
that's
in
caliber
cliffs
there.
There
are
a
couple
of
different
technologies
that
the
department
of
energy
invested
in
shortly
after
the
fukushima
accident.
So
after
fukushima
in
the
technical
community,
we
really
sort
of
started
thinking
about
okay.
How
is
it
that
we
could
make
the
technology
that
we
currently
have
today
more
resistant
to
these
types
of
you
know
large-scale
potential,
damaging
accidents
which
are
very
rare,
but
is
there
we
always
ask
ourselves?
Is
there
anything
we
can
do
better
in
the
nuclear
industry?
B
And
so
one
of
the
things
that
we
came
up
with
is
putting
a
very
oxidation
resistant
coating
on
the
surface
of
the
fuel
pins
that
are
used
in
the
in
the
fleet
today
and
those
are
that's,
the
type
of
fuel
pins
that
have
been
fabricated
into
the
fuel
full
assembly
for
caliber
cliffs
there's
some
other
technologies
that
are
operating
in
some
of
the
other
reactors,
but
so
the
fuel
business
is
very
competitive
and
so
there's
three
primary
fuel
vendors
in
the
united
states
and
they
compete,
and
each
of
them
has
a
slightly
different
type
of
technology,
but
they
all
have
test
fuel
into
in
reactors
under
test
today
that
are
that
are
slightly
different
technologies.
B
But
this
assembly,
that's
in
caliber
cliffs,
is
the
first
that's
been
built
as
a
full
assembly
with
coated
fuel
pins
in
it
and
so
be
exciting
to
see
it
run.
I'm
sure
it'll
run
well,
because
it's
a
very
robust
coating,
that's
been
put
onto
the
surface
of
the
fuel
pins.
B
It
did
very
well
in
testing
and
in
sort
of
individual
and
test
reactor
testing.
So
we're
very
confident
that
the
the
fuel
will
be
performed
very
well
in
cloud
cover
cliffs,
so
that
if
that
answers,
your
question.
C
C
A
Thanks
for
the
question
senator
klaus
meyer.
A
A
D
B
D
Sorry,
you
talked
about
the
two
plants
in
georgia
being
able
to
go
72
hours
by
themselves.
Do
you
mean
that
explain
that
to
me-
and
maybe
you
have,
but
I
I
missed
it
along
the
line.
There
would
be
just
general
a
couple
people
there.
B
Or
so,
there's
there's
actually
two
primary
operators
in
in
that
plant
and
then
there's
two
more
that
sit
behind
them
that
watch
them.
So
when
the
plant
the
plant
has
much
automation
in
it,
but
when
it
when
it
would
receive
a
trip
signal
which
loss
of
offsite
power
would
be
a
signal.
So
that
would
indicate
that
something's
happened
in
in
the
vicinity
and
on
the
grid
and
the
plant
would
need
to
shut
down
and
the
plant
automatically
shuts
itself
down,
and
that
normally
happens
in
all
of
the
reactors
that
we
know
today.
B
But
the
next
step
that
doesn't
necessarily
happen
in
our
existing
reactors
is
the
the
operators
have
to
actually
connect
the
backup
diesel
power
to
the
the
coolant
pumps
in
the
current
fleet.
These
new
plants
automatically
do
that
they
and
they
they
don't
necessarily
need
to
do
that
from
the
from
for
the
first
72
hours.
So
so
these
two
new
plants
they
have
the
ability
to
cool
themselves
just
by
the
natural
flow
of
water
around
the
system
and
the
operators
don't
have
to
turn
on
the
backup
diesel
generating
power
until
72
hours.
So.
B
Amount
of
time,
if
you
think
about
it
in
terms
of
operators
trying
to
deal
with
difficult,
off-normal
conditions,
so,
for
instance,
everybody
you
know,
talks
about
fukushima,
one
of
the
main
challenges
for
the
operators
there
and
trying
to
mitigate
the
damages
from
the
tsunami
that
inundated
the
plants
was
trying
to
get
diesel
power
back
on.
And
so,
if
those
plants
had
been,
you
know
sort
of
these
new
plants
they
they
would
not
have
even
needed
the
diesel
power
to
cool
themselves
and
the
operators
would
have
had
a
much
longer
time
period
to
take
corrective
action.
D
Well,
I
I
appreciate
everything
you've
talked
about
today,
because
myself
and
delegate
brooks
as
well.
We
came
in
when
this
looking
at
what
we
were
going
to
do
with
the
waste
and
we
didn't
have
the
first
part
of
the
picture.
That's
going
on
and
you
kind
of
went
through
a
whole
lot
more
than
I
remember
hearing,
so
I
don't
mean
to
speak
for
you.
Deliberate
delegate
brooks,
but
I
just
did.
I'm
sorry.
D
No,
no,
I
mean
that
we
did.
We
came
in
to
find
out
where
the
waste
was
going,
but
we
didn't
find
out
about
what
was
making
the
waste
and
everything
I
mean
we
we
kind
of
knew,
but
this,
as
I
said,
we
never
talked
about
calvary
cliffs
in
my
area.
Maybe
sally
did
but
where
we
live,
it
was
like
it's
there.
You
know.
So.
A
Thank
you
thanks
for
the
question
I
want
to
encourage
anyone
else.
You
can
either
raise
your
hand
or
unmute
or
even
add
a
question
to
the
the
chat
if
you
like.
A
In
the
meantime,
if
we
go
back
to
the
the
fuel
question
and
some
of
the
advanced
reactors,
you
know,
there's
been
the
question
a
lot
of
media
on
the
ability
to
to
produce
high-act,
stable,
enriched
uranium
domestically
and-
and
so
if
you
could
give
just
a
brief
overview
of
that
issue
to
our
members
and
some
of
the
benefits
and
just
sort
of
where
things
stand.
B
So
that's
one
of
the
slides
that
I
took
out
of
my
presentation,
but
I
thought
it
was
too
detailed
for
the
time
period,
but
now
I
know
I
should
have.
I
should
have
flipped
it
in
so
some
of
these
advanced
reactors
use
a
higher
enrichment
fuel,
and
that
means
they
do
that,
because
they're
trying
to
make
their
fuel
last
for
a
very
long
period
of
time
in
the
reactor
and
making
power,
then
what
we
get
out
of
our
our
existing
reactor
designs,
so
just
for
relative
numbers.
B
So
our
current
reactors
enrich
their
fuel
to
five
percent
uranium-235
isotope,
which
is
the
fissioning
power
producing
isotope
of
uranium,
some
of
the
advanced
reactors.
They
need
upwards
of
19.8
in
richmond,
and
so
we
have
to.
We
don't
actually
have
a
commercial
operating
enterprise
that
will
produce
that
in
the
united
states
today.
So
these
these
reactors
will
demand
a
higher
enrichment
fuel.
So
we've
been
working
with
some
of
the
enrichment
and
fuel
supply
companies
to
develop
the
capability
to
provide
that
type
of
enrichment
level
for
fuel,
fabrication
and
services.
B
It
has
a
trickle
down
effect,
the
fuel
fabrication
facilities
that
we
use
today.
Westinghouse
electric
operates,
one
phramatome
operates,
one
and
ge
hitachi
operates
one
called
in
called
global
nuclear
fuels.
They
all
would
need
specific
development,
well
specific
re-licensing
and
updates
on
their
licenses
to
allow
them
to
handle
and
fabricate
fuel
above
five
percent
enrichment.
B
So
those
are
activities
that
the
department
is
supporting
in
terms
of
trying
to
get
the
commercial
industry
ready
to
provide
that
this
type
of
fuel
for
the
advanced
reactor
systems
so,
for
instance,
the
natrium
and
the
x-energy
plants,
the
new
those
new
advanced
reactors
will
need
it.
B
The
nusco
plant
is
actually
a
light
water
reactor
design,
so
it
only
you,
it
will
only
need
the
five
percent
enrichment
fuel,
so
it
cannot,
it
doesn't
actually
need
the
higher
enrichment,
so
it
just
depends
on
which
reactors
we're
talking
about
as
to
what
enrichment
they
they
need,
but
clearly
there's
a
need
to
provide
this
higher
assay
fuel
to
on
a
commercial
basis,
and
so
the
department's
been
has
been
investing
in
the
infrastructure
and
development
to
get
the
industry
ready
to
provide
commercial
supplies
of
this
material.
A
Yeah,
I
think
so.
Well,
I
guess
one
follow-up.
We
we
actually
toured
the
jurenko
facility
in
new
mexico
in
2019
and
I
believe
I
remember
them
saying
that
they
had
the
capability.
B
Yeah,
so
it's
interesting:
if
you
saw
the
big,
the
big
machines
that
they
use
to
enrich
fuel
in
just
to
very
simply
explain
it,
they
could
they
could
squeeze
their
uranium
harder.
That's.
B
Squeeze
it
harder,
they
could
take
it
and
keep
running
it
through
those
machines
over
and
over,
and
they
could
generate
more.
They
could
generate
the
higher
enrichment
so
with
the
machines
they
have
today,
they
just
they
could
utilize
that
same
process
to
make
the
higher
enrichment.
The
problem
is,
is
economics,
can
they
do
it
economically,
so
they
they
need
to
make
some
investments
and
design
changes.
I
think,
but
they
they
could
physically
do
it
there
at
the
urinco
plant,
but
you
think
about
it.
B
We
also
we
don't
want
just
one
supplier,
so
we
need
to
have
sort
of
some
multiple
supplies
here
to
have
competition,
and
so
the
department
is
funding
activities
at
with
centrist
another
company,
that's
competitor
to
the
jurinko
system,
but
hopefully,
when
we're
when
we're
ready,
when
when
the
reactors
are
up
and
demonstrated
and
operational,
the
commercial
market
will
be
coming
along
with
it.
That's
our
intent
is
to
have
a
sort
of
a
commercially
viable
system.
That's
supporting
these
advanced
reactors
in
the
end.
A
Okay
yeah.
Thank
you
for
that
much
appreciated.
We
do
have
a
question
from
louisiana
representative
oregon
and
he
asked
on
your
slide
on
microreactors.
You
had
planes,
trains,
automobiles,
but
no
maritime
vessels
are
there
any
demonstration
projects
of
offshore
vessels
like
the
larger
ones
needed
for
a
u.s
offshore
wind
turbine
installation,
so
I
know
there's
a
russian
offshore
or
vessel
that
has
been
launched
but
I'll.
Let
you
sort
of
speak
to
that,
and
especially
as
it
relates
to
some
of
the
specifics
on
on
when
offshore
wind.
B
Well,
you
know
yes,.
B
And
there's
nothing
stopping
the
microreactor
from
being
transported
by
boat
or
even
one
of
the
things
we're
talking
about
doing.
Is
you
know
in
terms
of
decarbonizing
the
transportation
sector,
a
big
part
of
the
global
emissions
is
the
shipping
industry,
and
so
the
shipping
industry
is
very
interested
in
developing
technologies
or
having
some
power
generating
technologies
to
power,
their
ships
that
isn't
greenhouse
gas
emitting.
Almost
all
of
the
ocean
going
transportation.
B
Vessels
that
we
have
today
are
powered
by
fossil
fuel,
and
so
those
will
have
to
be
to
meet
the
goals
by
2050
decarbonizing.
The
economy
will
have
to
provide
decarbonization
of
the
shipping
fleet
as
well,
and
so
nuclear
energy
is
a
potential
application
there.
I
don't
think
it's
necessarily
the
only
technology
that
we
could
utilize.
B
I
think
there's
some
other
technologies
that
one
can
employ
there,
but
if
you
think
about
it,
we
have
a
hundred
ships
boats
with
nuclear
power
plants
on
them
today,
they're
in
the
nuclear
navy,
but-
and
I
don't
know
that
we
could
take
that
system
and
directly
transport
transfer
it
into
a
commercial
based
system.
But
the
you
know
the
example
you
brought
up
of
the
russians,
russian
icebreakers.
B
There
are
examples
of
ship-borne
nuclear
reactors,
so
that
is
a
definite
interest
to
the
maritime
industry.
Today,
I'll
note,
in
the
past,
the
united
states
has
had
one
commercial
ship
that
had
a
nuclear
reactor
on
it.
It's
it's
no
longer
running
and
hasn't
been
decommissioned,
but
it's
not
a
it's,
not
a
insurmountable
technical
challenge
for
us.
I
think
it's
more
of
an
economic
and
can
we
build
a
reactor?
That's
economic
for
that
purpose.
C
B
No
ma'am,
that's
the
the
vogel
reactors,
there's
already
two
nuclear
reactors
at
the
vogel
station,
vogel
one
and
two
yes,
and
these
two
new
reactors
are
being
built
at
that
station,
so
it'll
be
a
full
station
operated
by
southern
company
and
georgia.
Power.
C
A
C
C
A
Yeah
and
the
person
from
ncsr
who
actually
led
that
tour
is
actually
on
right
now:
christy
hartman
now
with
nei.
So
I
also
open
the
floor
to
christy
or
christine
or
or
anyone.
A
Has
anything
you'd
like
to
add
or
contribute
sally?
Do
I
see
that
sorry?
I
wasn't
sure
sally
if
you
were
planning
on
speaking.
E
Now
I
have
a
question
if
you,
if
you
end
up
with
some
time,
but
I
don't
want
to
interrupt
if
christine
was
going
to
say
something
or.
E
I
just
want
to
get
a
little
more
information
from
john
about
the
civil
nuclear
energy
credit.
You
know
a
number
of
states
over
the
last
several
years
had
various
businesses,
companies,
nuclear
companies
coming
to
them,
and
they
were
talking
about
the
economics
of
their
operation
and
they
were
asking
for
ratepayer
assistance.
B
B
The
bill
requires
that
utilities
apply
and
become
certified
to
be
eligible
for
the
credit,
and
so
they
have
to
provide
basically
have
to
open
their
books
and
show
how
they're
economic
or
on
how
they're
uneconomic
and
how
they're
losing
money
and
they
can
apply
for
the
credit
to
offset
that
economic
loss.
Now
many
there
are
many
there's.
B
There
are
constraints
in
this
in
the
program
that
you
cannot
be
receiving
other
benefits
from,
say
the
state
level,
and
so
so
those
will
have
to
be
factored
into
the
economics
of
and
the
application
for,
certification.
B
So
there
there
are
a
number
of
plants
that
are
already
receiving
state
level,
sort
of
credit
programs,
and
I
think
you'll
there
will
be
some
positioning.
I
expect
in
the
system,
as
as
utilities
assess
their
economic
position,
whether
they're
going
to
you
continue
utilizing
state
level,
economic
or
state
level
programs
or,
if
they're,
going
to
apply
for
the
federal
level
programs.
B
Harmless
as
you
said,
but
I
think
it
takes
the
puts
it
values
the
operation
of
these
reactors
at
the
federal
level
for
the
nation
as
a
whole.
A
E
Thanks
dan
good
afternoon,
everybody
thanks
john
for
giving
such
a
good
presentation
just
a
couple
additional
details.
So
we
have
less
confusion
about
the
civil
nuclear
credit
program
that
was
being
signed
into
law
this
afternoon.
E
The
legislation
which
I
guess
by
now
I
probably
should
call
the
law-
allocates
six
billion
dollars
over
five
years
for
civil
nuclear
credits
to
be
allocated
over
a
forward
four-year
period.
The
applicant,
which
would
be
the
owner
or
operator
of
the
reactor,
would
apply
to
the
department
of
energy
for
certification.
E
The
secretary
of
energy
has
the
ability
to
add
additional
criteria
and
we'll
be
coming
forth
with
our
plans
now
that,
now
that
this
is
signed
into
law,
if
a
reactor
is
able
to
demonstrate
that
it
has
an
average
annual
loss
over
the
forward
four-year
period
and
that
if
it
were
to
cease
operations
that
it
would
be
replaced
with
a
generation
source
that
has
more
emissions
than
the
nuclear
power
plant
plus
a
number
of
other
criteria,
including
an
assurance
from
the
nrc
that
the
plant
is
operating
safely,
then
it
would
be
considered
for
certification
by
the
the
secretary
of
energy.
E
After
a
plant
is
certified.
It
would
then
submit
a
sealed
bid
and
that
bid
would,
among
other
things,
pursuant
to
the
law,
need
to
have
a
price
per
megawatt
hour
and
a
commitment
to
generate
a
number
of
megawatt
hours
for
that
forward
year
period,
and
there
would
be
periodic
audits
to
true
up
what's
happening
in
the
real
world
and
in
markets
with
what
was
projected
to
happen.
At
the
time
of
the
application.
E
There'll
be
a
lot
more
additional
details
forthcoming
in
in
the
coming
weeks
from
the
department
in
terms
of
the
interaction
with
state
credits,
and
this
is
where
I
want
to
potentially
avoid
confusion.
What
the
law
says
is
that,
during
the
first
application
period,
which
is
open
through
128
20
days
from
date
of
enactment,
so
assuming
it
was
signed
now
that
takes
us,
believe
it
or
not
to
the
ides
of
march,
which
I
really
worry
about
a
little
bit.
But
in
that
first
120
day
period.
E
Reactors
that
do
not
have
any
state
support,
whether
it's
sex
power
purchase
agreements
or
other
supports
will
be
eligible
to
apply
to
the
department.
Once
we
open
this
application
period
for
certification,
the
department
then
has
60
days
in
which
to
consider
that
certification
and
once
the
reactors
are
either
certified
or
provided
a
reason
why
they
are
not
being
certified.
They
are,
then,
are
able
to
submit
a
sealed
bid
to
the
department,
as
we
were
talking
before.
E
Second
provision
or
an
additional
provision
in
the
law
states
that,
after
day
120
those
reactors
that
currently
receive
state
supports,
be
it
through
exact,
a
power
purchase,
agreement
or
other
supports,
can
also
apply
for
the
allocated
credits.
So
the
first
priority
is
to
those
reactors
that
are
not
receiving
sec
state
credits.
The
second
priority
is
those
reactors
that
are
receiving
state
credits
and
when
they
provide
us
information
as
open
their
books.
As
john
said,
that
tells
us
whether
or
not
they
project
a
loss.
E
They
have
to
include
the
value
of
that
state
support
in
their
application.
Now
I'm
aware
that
some
states
have
a
requirement
that
says
if
there
is
a
federal
program
that
the
utilities
in
their
state
must
supply,
and
it
may
be
that
they
will
put
in
their
application,
we're
getting.
You
know
x
dollars
from
the
state,
but
if
we
receive
this
allocated
credit,
we
will
replace
that
state
credit
with
the
federal
credit.
So
it
really
depends
upon
the
intersection
of
the
specific
state
credits
with
that
federal
credit,
and
it
will.
E
B
E
Be
additional
information
forthcoming
soon,
my
understanding
is,
as
we
were,
having
this
conversation
and
discussion
about
nuclear
energy,
the
bill
was
either
was
signed
or
is
being
signed
currently,
so
today
is
day
one
so.
A
A
Couldn't
have
had
a
more
timely
presence
for
for
your
explanation,
cheryl,
so
let
us
know
about
the
specifics
of
that
plan,
which
are
now
effective.
E
A
Yeah
well,
thank
you.
We
look
forward
to
the
additional
information.
It
sounds
very
similar
to
some
of
those
state,
zero
emissions,
credit
programs
that
exist
in
in
some
other
states
in
terms
of
the
requirements
on
generators.
So
it
will
be
interesting
to
see
how
those
those
state
programs
interact
with
with
that
sally.
Was
that
everything
that
yes.
B
E
A
Thank
you
all
right.
Anyone
else
who
would
like
to
speak
up,
say
hi
christy,.
D
Hey
dan
and
everyone,
it's
nice
to
be
able
to
tune
back
in
for
an
nlwg
meeting
and
see
so
many
familiar
faces,
and
certainly
john,
I
haven't
heard
you
speak
before,
but
you
know
it's
nice
just
to
you
cover
sort
of
the
breadth
of
things
that
are
going
on
across
the
nuclear
space.
So
you
know.
I
think
this
is
a
really
exciting
time,
as
somebody
who's
worked
at
ncsl
for
many
years
and
sort
of
followed
state
activities.
D
There's
there's
so
much
happening
and
you
know
certainly
now
transitioning
to
hear
what's
going
on
at
federal
level-
and
you
know
the
new
six
billion
dollar
program
is
all
really
exciting.
D
I
actually
you
know
I
had
one
question
too
just
thinking
you
mentioned,
consent
based
sighting
and
sort
of
picking
that
back
up
or
starting
something
sort
of.
Can
you
give
the
group
just
kind
of
an
update?
I
mean
I
know
secretary
granholm
has
said:
hey
we're
going
to
start
moving
forward
with
this,
but
you
know:
where
are
we
at
this
point
is
or
what's
what
are
we
expecting
in
the
next
kind
of
few
months,
related
to
consent
based
fighting.
B
Well,
I
think
the
first
start
is:
is
the
the
department
is
going
to
go
out
with
an
rfi
to
start
soliciting
input
from
the
communities?
I
think
that'll
be
the
first
thing
we
see
and
hopefully
that's
coming
soon.
B
I
I
fear,
speculating
on
exact
release,
but
we're
expecting
that
we
can
have.
We
will
have
a
request
for
information
out
soon
on
that.
A
Can
I
just
philip
you
mentioned
in
that
a
sort
of
a
federal
consent
based
sighting
for
an
intern
storage
facility?
I
assume
that's
for
a
federal
facility.
How
would
that
interact
with
some
of
the
commercial
projects
that
are
currently
under
consideration.
B
C
B
A
Great
all
right
well,
thank
you.
Anyone
else
who
would
like
to
speak
up
ask
a
question
before
we
yeah
sally.
E
So,
just
to
follow
up
on
dan's
question
the
fact
that
the
there's
the
the
federal
entity
is
looking
to
put
out
a
bid
for
a
you
know,
storage
site
will
that
in
any
way
curtail
any
of
the
ones
that
are
currently
in
process,
because
I
think
there
are
at
least
two
places
in
the
country
that
are
looking
at
having
an
interim
storage
facility.
B
B
I
think
those
are
those
are.
Those
are
commercial
applications
that
commercial
entities
may
be
processing,
but
I
don't
I
don't.
I
don't
think
this
the
current
process
obligates
that
or
pushes
that
forward.
It's
simply
at
this
point
asking
for
input
from
all
the
communities
and
stakeholders.
Okay,
so.
B
Probably
will
continue
on
and
move,
you
know
move
forward
through
their
process,
but
this
is
this
will
look
at
the
broader
issue
as
an
information
gathering
at
least
the
start.
A
A
Okay,
well
with
that,
I
guess
we
will
adjourn.
We
will
call
it
a
day.
Thank
you
so
much
everyone.
Thank
you,
dr
carmack,
for
coming
out
and
and
speaking,
it
was
a
great
presentation,
great
discussion
following
and
for
everyone
else's
participation.
A
It's
been
really
really
great,
having
the
opportunity
to
have
this
dialogue
and
and
conversation,
so
we
will
be
in
touch
as
mentioned,
look
for
a
survey
in
the
coming
weeks
regarding
spring
meeting
and
some
sort
of
to
gauge
interest
in
in
various
locations
and
other
details,
but
otherwise,
hopefully
I'll
see
all
of
you
on
thursday
at
the
intergovernmental
fireside
chat
and
please
reach
out
to
christopher,
and
I
in
the
meantime,
with
any
questions
that
you
have
we're
we're
here
to
help
so
with
that
bye.
Everyone.