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From YouTube: HamCation2021 ORI
Description
HamCation 2021 Update from ORI on recent technical and regulatory work, and upcoming technical demonstrations.
A
A
We
do
technical
and
regulatory
work
as
well
as
this
past
year
we
made
some
major
strides
forward
for
the
amateur
radio
satellite
service
with
a
successful
commodity
jurisdiction
request
of
the
u.s
state
department.
We
received
a
final
determination
letter
stating
that
open
source
satellite
work
is
free
of
the
international
traffic
and
arms
regulations
or
itar.
These
regulations
control
defense
products
and
the
open
source
approach
has
been
found
as
the
best
strategy
for
designing
amateur
satellites
in
the
united
states.
A
A
A
Another
big
area
of
regulatory
work
is
debris
mitigation.
These
rules
are
intended
to
reduce
space,
junk,
prevent
explosions
and
deorbit
spacecraft
as
soon
as
possible
after
a
mission
is
complete.
More
innovation
and
wider
access
to
space
are
the
expected
results
for
the
many
commercial
companies
participating
in
what
the
fcc
calls
the
new
space
race.
The
regulatory
requirement
for
spacecraft
to
do
more
to
avoid
collisions
means
that
attitude,
control
and
propulsion
are
necessary.
Things
to
deal
with
for
full
access
to
space
regulatory
work
is
very
important.
A
A
All
too
often
the
most
advanced
wireless
technology
is
secret,
proprietary
or
considered
too
complex
for
the
mere
hobbyist
to
master.
But
this
isn't
true,
you
don't
have
to
be
an
expert
to
build
or
use
these
radios.
You
just
have
to
be
willing
to
become
more
of
an
expert
along
the
way
and
the
focus
of
all
this
advanced
digital
communications
work.
It's
not
to
write
yet
another
paper
of
squeeze
out
another
tenth
of
a
db
in
the
lab.
A
A
A
The
solution,
the
voice
encoder,
isn't
built
in
high
quality,
open
source
voice
encoding
is
layered.
On
top
of
a
solid
digital
signal.
Do
you
want
your
contacts
to
sound
like
they
were
standing
right
there?
You
can
choose
that
you
want
to
sound
like
a
proprietary
codec.
You
can
choose
that
too.
If
you
really
want
to.
A
We
do
too,
therefore,
our
user
requirement
is
accessibility
and
ease
of
use.
An
accessible
and
easy
to
use
system
breaks
down
many
barriers
to
learning.
We
don't
believe
people
are
motivated
to
learn
more
about
digital
communications.
When
the
radios
are
restrictive,
sound
harsh,
aren't
flexible
or
are
just
hard
to
use
an
accessible
system
helps
everyone
enjoy
the
radio,
not
just
people
with
low
vision
who
have
trouble
with
fine
motor
skills.
Software-Defined
radios
can
learn
and
adapt
to
operators
in
ways
that
are.
We
are
just
beginning
to
understand,
appreciate
and
implement.
Imagine
a
radio
that
learns.
A
You
prefer
the
backlight
low,
but
the
front
large
and
the
contrast
high
when
you
are
monitoring
a
meetup
conference
or
net.
However,
it
learns
you
need
a
detail,
screen
brighter
light
and
lower
contrast.
When
searching
for
a
roving
station,
the
radio
learns
you
would
like
a
report
or
possibly
a
recording
of
who
was
on
the
satellite
for
the
thursday
night
net,
even
though
you
have
to
work
late
this
quarter
and
will
end
up
missing
it.
A
User
interfaces
from
microwave
radios
like
phase
four
ground,
are
significantly
different
from
traditional
microwave
appliances.
Legacy
radios
were
fixed
in
form
and
function.
Software-Defined
radios,
however,
allow
for
the
radio
to
fit
you
machine
learning
techniques
give
a
radio
a
little
bit
of
soul.
The
phase
4
microwave
system
automatically
adapts
to
the
structure
of
the
transmissions
to
the
needs
of
the
link.
This
is
called
adaptive
coding
and
modulation.
A
The
radio
chooses
the
best
possible
combinations
of
modulations
and
forward
error
correction
codes
from
a
collection
that
covers
all
the
expected
signal
conditions
when
learning
about
any
microwave
technique
or
building
up
a
system,
one
of
the
most
useful
things
we
have
are
beacons.
The
payload
or
central
node
of
the
phase
4
system
uses
an
open
protocol
called
dvbs2.
A
This
protocol
is
always
transmitting
digital
frames
of
data
and
when
no
one
is
talking,
the
frames
are
essentially
empty.
Train
cars
being
sent
one
after
another,
they're
called
dummy
frames
in
the
specification.
However,
as
amateurs
we
love
to
fill
up,
the
quiet
we've
put
our
dummy
frames
to
use
when
there
is
no
user
data.
The
dummy
frames
will
cycle
through
all
the
modulations
encodings
so
that
new
users
and
experimenters
can
test
the
receivers
against
all
possibilities
available
in
the
protocol.
A
A
Our
transmitter
designers
have
actually
scheduled
a
demonstration
in
march
of
2021..
Here's
a
block
diagram
of
what's
required
to
make
that
demonstration
work.
A
link
to
the
repository
is
in
the
slides
and
in
the
transcript
below
the
transmitter.
Demonstration
uses
a
field,
programmable
gate
array
or
fpga.
All
the
code
is
publicly
available
for
others
to
use,
learn
from
modify
and
even
improve.
We
take
data
and
organize
it
into
frames.
We
provide
extra
data
to
help
receivers,
find
the
start
of
each
frame
so
that
your
receiver
doesn't
have
to
work
so
hard
to
bring
it
in.
A
A
A
A
Fpgas
are
an
excellent
fit
for
another,
really
neat
advanced
digital
concept:
polyphase
filter
banks;
we
use
polyphase
filtering
techniques
on
an
uplink
receiver,
which
is
separated
into
frequency
channels.
When
you
are
acquired
by
the
system,
you
are
assigned
one
of
the
uplink
channels.
Here's
michelle
thompson
w5nyv
to
explain
more
about
polyphase.
B
Hello,
my
name
is
michelle
thompson,
I'm
a
co-founder
of
ori
and
currently
serve
as
ceo.
So
what
is
polyphase
it's
all
about
using
decimation
and
interpolation.
These
two
techniques
change
the
rate
of
the
sample
stream.
To
accomplish
some
very
clever
work.
That's
why
we
call
this
type
of
work.
Multi-Rate,
processing
decimation,
throws
away
samples.
We
might
get
rid
of
every
other
sample,
every
fifth
sample
or
every
hundredth
sample.
It
depends
on
what
we're
out
to
do
decimation
reduces
the
sample
rate
interpolation
inserts
samples
in
between
existing
data.
B
B
We
can
also
insert
samples
that
are
the
average
of
the
samples
to
either
side.
Here
we
have
a
signal
that
has
been
sampled.
You
can
see
the
waveform
in
the
upper
middle
of
the
whiteboard.
We
are
going
to
make
three
polyphase
out
of
this.
We're
marking
them
with
a
circle,
a
triangle
and
a
square.
The
sampling
rate
of
these
polyphase
channels
is
one
third
of
the
original
sample
rate.
B
What
does
this
do
for
us?
In
this
example,
we
want
three
channels
and
we
need
them
to
be
sampling
rate
divided
by
three
wide
in
frequency.
We
end
up
with
three
polyphases
that
we're
going
to
name
0,
1
and
2.,
now
we're
in
the
realm
of
digital
sampling,
so
things
aren't
quite
the
same
as
analog.
There
is
a
way
to
think
about
this
that
isn't
too
hard
and
the
way
to
think
about
it
is
here
in
this
image.
B
This
is
a
rod
and
reel
like
you
use
when
you
go
fishing,
you
are
reeling
in
the
samples
on
the
timeline
and
when
you
wind
up
that
timeline
on
your
reel,
the
angular
measurement,
the
thing
you
are
winding
with
your
hand
on
the
reel
that
angle
around
the
full
loop
is
something
we
call
phase
a
lot
of
us
that
volunteer
for
ori
are
burners.
This
white
board
was
at
math
camp
in
2019.
B
We
had
a
residency
there
where
we
were
able
to
talk
about
these
concepts
to
participants
that
wandered
in
and
out
of
the
camp.
There
is
nothing
quite
like
trying
to
explain:
polyphase
filter
banks
to
someone
in
a
laser
encrusted,
moose
costume
at
4.
00
am
to
sharpen
the
pedagogy
now.
If
moose
man
can
understand
it,
then
so
can
the
rest
of
us
in
the
cold
light
of
day
wearing
ordinary
clothing,
which
most
days
right
now
is
fancy
pjs
touche
burning
man.
So
here
we
are
trying
to
explain
it.
B
The
ordinary
university
way,
with
rotating
vectors
coming
at
you
out
of
the
whiteboard.
This
was
a
disaster
and
a
mathematician
from
austria
made
fun
of
us.
It
wasn't
hard.
We
were
making
a
mess
of
trying
to
explain
it,
but
eventually
we
had
our
eureka
moment.
We
called
it
broad
and
real,
but
this
must
be
something
that
has
been
presented
before
we
aren't
claiming
invention,
but
we
do
enthusiastically
endorse
this
way
of
explaining
digital
sampling.
B
B
What
fraction
of
the
rotation
of
the
reel
the
circle
do
you
traverse
per
sample?
This
is
digital
frequency.
This
is
expressed
in
radians
per
sample.
How
far
around
the
circle
do
you
need
to
go
to
hit
another
sample
notice
that
the
diameter
of
the
reel
the
circle
you're
winding
the
sample
train
around
varies
with
respect
to
frequency?
If
you
want
the
same
number
of
samples
per
full
rotation,
this
is
an
expected
result.
Large
frequency
means
small
diameter
circle.
Low
frequency
signals
need
a
large
diameter
circle.
B
B
We
have
four
samples
per
period
here
when
we
reel
in
our
samples
and
the
diameter
of
the
reel
is
t
of
s
divided
by
pi,
then
the
samples
line
up
on
the
reel.
This
is
super
useful.
Why,
at
the
nyquist
rate,
which
is
the
limit
of
how
often
you
have
to
sample
a
signal
in
order
to
be
able
to
reconstruct
it?
You
must
have
at
least
two
points
on
the
circle.
That's
the
limit.
B
B
B
Under-Sampled,
like
we
said
before,
is
when
you
only
have
one
sample
on
the
circle.
This
provides
not
enough
information
to
know
what
the
waveform
looks
like
tangles
notice,
our
polyphase
colors
are
over
sampled,
we're
going
to
use
that
fact
to
divide
up
the
sample
stream
and
get
distinct
channels
out
of
this.
Here's.
What
this
looks
like
in
the
frequency
domain
enjoy
some
ambient
sound
and
check
things.
B
B
Each
of
the
center
frequencies,
in
these
examples
gets
a
phase
shift.
A
shift
in
time
is
a
shift
in
phase.
We
only
calculate
what
we
need
so,
depending
on
what
channel
we
want
to
look
at,
we
can
throw
away
all
the
rest,
breaking
down
complex
concepts
into
understandable
and
useful
circuit
designs
and
giving
them
away
for
free
may
sound
crazy,
but
this
has
been
the
spirit
of
amateur
radio
experimentalism
since
the
very.
C
C
C
But
if
we
see
the
dream
of
providing
communication
across
the
globe
24
cross
7,
then
this
geo
orbit
provides
us
with
the
perfect
opportunity,
as
it
provides
us
with
a
space
stationary
point
to
which
our
earth
stations
can
be
to
which
our
earth
stations
can
point
and
have
the
regular
communication.
To
achieve
this.
C
To
achieve
this
goal
to
reach
that
height,
we
need
to
abide
by
the
rules
pro
framed
by
fcc
in
in.
In
my
talk
at
ham
expo,
I
will
be
giving
a
gmat
demo
for
planning
your
mission,
which,
which
will
show
a
graphical
representation
of
planning
animation,
to
meet
the
requirements
of
fcc
regarding
debris
mitigation.
Also,
I
will,
I
will
present
a
mathematical
paper
which
will
testify
how
we
can
calculate
delta
v
propellant
budget.