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From YouTube: Open Source Plastics Recycling Machines
Description
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A
Welcome
everybody,
so
this
session
is
on
the
open
source
tool
chain
or
recycling
plastics.
So
it's
one
of
those
things
because
plastic
is
one
of
the
main.
It's
a
big
big
part
of
society.
Today,
there's
like
you
can
divide
society
into
technology.
It's
like
biomass,
there's,
plastic,
there's
metal,
ceramic
and
those
are
the
main
things
plastic.
The
students
produce
like
trillions
of
dollars
exactly
it's
it's
over
a
trillion
or
so
of
economic
equity.
So
it's
a
big
deal
and
we
can
many
people
can
get
involved
with
that
in
terms
of
recycling.
So
why?
B
A
If
we
can
reuse
a
lot
of
the
products
that
we
do
do
use
from
I
mean
the
division
is
ultimately,
okay,
we've
got
an
operation
here.
We
you
know
trash
bags,
but
plastic
parts,
things
that
are
plastic,
that
break
you
can
recycle.
All
of
that,
and
it's
actually
not
super
difficult
to
do
that.
A
lot
of
the
plastics
that
are
out
there
are
recyclable,
they're
designed
to
be
recycled.
So
it's
a
great
thing
to
do
and
we
can
do
it,
fortunately,
in
the
open
source,
because
some
some
machines
already
make
it
available
to
do
that.
A
So
the
reasons
I
would
say
four
main
reasons.
So
we
mentioned
about
the
environmental
reasons,
absolutely
at
a
deeper
level
too.
We
can
eventually
talk
about
in
our
program
as
we
move
from
machines
to
making
parts
for
machines.
We
eventually
get
it
down
to
materials
with
materials
we
can
make
by.
There
are
bio
classes
that
have
been
around
for
a
long
time
like
cellophane
or
yeah
windows
for
airplanes
used
to
be
not
made
out
of
recycled
ree-ree.
A
It's
called
reformulated
cellulose.
Cellulose
has
been
a
material
for
making
about
plastics
for
a
long
time
and
it's
actually
something
you
can
do
without
actually
too
much
difficulty
on
a
small
scale.
There's
things
like
cell
pain,
there's
starch,
bio
plastics,
there's
poly,
lactic
acid.
Do
people
know
where
poly
lactic
acid
comes
from
poly
lactic
acid
is
the
parts
and
the
figures
I've
been
working
with
right
now.
Does
anyone
know
where
that
goes
wrong?
A
It's
it's
lactic
acid,
like
an
milk,
but
it
comes
from
starches
I,
think
they
do
it
from
corn,
typically
these
days,
but
it's
bacterial.
So
it's
actually
not
too
bad.
It's
my
own
biology
working
for
us.
They
eat
up
sugars
and
they
produce
plastic
as
a
by-product,
and
you
concentrated
that
and
there
you
got
bio
plastics.
It's
also
something
we
can
do
in
terms
of
a
bioreactor
on
a
small
scale
as
well,
which
is
disease.
A
But
if
we
talk
about
the
mainstream
plastics
out
there
environmentally,
definitely
we
can
many
people
can
get
involved
in
recycling
and
making
very
useful
things
like
3d,
printing
filming.
So
that's
a
reality
today
and
the
cost
is
one
of
the
main
main
issues
for
us
to
here.
Cost
is
one
of
the
one
of
the
other
things,
because
if
you
get
to
do
recycling
of
plastic,
what
does
it
cost
you?
If
you
have
a
small
machine,
it
cost
you
essentially
the
cost
of
electricity
that
takes
to
melt
the
plastic
now
on
the
wall.
There.
A
That's
a
that's
an
example
of
a
recycling
machine
or
that's
a
that's
a
filament
extruder.
Now
it's
actually
not
so
complex.
All
it
is
is
a
hopper.
We
know
that
thing.
We
ran
it
on
pellets,
which
you
can
get
off
the
shelf.
You
can
also
do
we
grind,
which
is
kind
of
stuff
we'll
be
doing
with
the
grinder
machine,
but
the
cost.
Is
you
see
that
there's
a
metal
pipe,
a
half-inch
pipe
with
a
half
inch
auger,
just
like
this
and
a
heater
element
on
the
end?
A
It's
like
a
200
watt
heater,
so
all
you're
doing
is
it's
costing
you
the
cost
of
electricity,
to
run
that
heater
plus
the
motor
that's
on
top
of
there
and
you
can
be
making
plastics
so
actually
we'll
do
that
on
another
day.
But
I
did
do
a
full
roll
of
ABS
plastic.
The
3d
printing
filament
it
just
works.
I
mean
with
my
er
controls
like
that
one
actually
is
fed
by
gravity
and
pools.
A
When
you
have
the
temperature
to
separate
it's
a
certain
setting,
it
falls
by
gravity
and
then
a
spool
Don
we'll
get
into
that
when
we
actually
do
end
up
using
it.
But
it's
not
too
difficult
to
actually
make
very
useful
things
like
3d
painting,
filming,
which
is
one
very
high-value
form
of
how
you
can
recycle
plastic.
So
what
is
the
convertible
recently
there's
a
recently
that
a
recycle
about
recycle
might
as
one
of
the
machines
that
are
available
out
there
in
the
open
source
for
3d
printing?
A
So
there's
a
paper
that
came
out
this
is
just
last
month
and
they
pop
finally
published,
as
I
mentioned,
academic
open
source
kind
of
stuff
in
part
of
rx,
which
is
actually
in
a
journal
of
open
source
hardware.
So
that's
once
again
from
the
Michigan
Tech
University,
dr.
Pierce,
who's.
Actually,
one
of
our
advisors
or
directors
is
behind
it,
so
they
published
an
improbable,
recycle
bot,
open
source,
incredible
extruder,
just
inventing
burning
plastic,
pretty
great
influence.
So
one
thing
that
gets
me
here:
let's
look
at
some
of
the
numbers
on
there.
A
What
can
it
do
so
if
it
cost
about
700
in
parts
for
everything
in
there
it
can
produce
it
takes
about
two
and
a
half
hours
to
produce
a
1
kilogram
spool
of
filament,
which
means
that
in
a
day
to
make
like
10
rolls
or
so
but
the
cost.
If
you
have
free
plastic,
if
you
recycled
it,
if
you
ground
it
up
yourself,
it's
2.5
cents,
a
kilogramme.
Now
that
is
good
because
because
filament
cost
you
about
$20
a
spool.
So
what
is
that
it's.
A
Less
than
1,000
times
commercial
filament
costs,
which
means
that
you
can
now
be
printing
large,
useful
things
like
this
table.
You
know
this
tabletop
surface.
You
can
even
print
the
legs
and
stuff
like
that.
Otherwise,
it's
just
impossible.
This
thing
weighs
like
10.
Pounds
will
be
like
$200,
so
economics
are
certainly
a
big
big
factor.
If
you
want
to
get
into
product
productivity
on
a
small
scale
using
recycled
recycled
waste,
you
can
do
that
with
existing
machines.
So
that's
that's
I,
think
a
great
milestone.
A
A
So
you
can
build
it
in
about
24
hours,
but
it's
like
a
week
or
two
of
production
like
not
even
a
week.
If
you
actually
have
this
thing
running
in
a
few
days,
you
know
if
you
make
like
10
spools
at
$20,
a
spool.
It's
like
200
bucks
a
day,
so
in
a
few
days,
you're
actually
making
it
up
value
that
you
paid
for
the
materials.
That's
great!
That's
awesome!
So
that's!
That's!
A
definite
good
addition,
so
that's
one
of
the
machines
that
is
working
with
us
here.
A
A
So
for
me
to
summarize,
the
four
main
main
things
is
printing
large
things,
so
you
of
course
want
to
have
if
you're
gonna
be
printing
large
items,
you
want
to
have
a
big
filament,
extruder
bigger
one
like
one
point:
two
millimeters
are
higher,
pretty
large
objects.
Cost
is
absolutely
there
environmental
issues
and
the
public.
This
distributing
this
out
to
pub
to
the
public
public
production,
which
is
always
the
theme
here.
So
what
are
some
of
the
machines?
What
are
some
of
the
challenges
to
this
right
now?
A
The
main
challenge
is
it's
a
it's
a
great
idea
to
recycle
things,
but
the
only
challenge
is
that
you
can
only
do
it
so
many
times
before
the
actual
cut
chemical
molecules.
They
get
short
enough
that
they
don't
really
work
in
an
extruder
anymore.
You
can
squeeze
them
out
anymore.
They
become
kind
of
like
honey
or
a
consistency
that
just
kind
of
oozes.
A
It
doesn't
really
forma
for
my
next
film
intimates
it's
hard
to
work
with
it,
just
degrades
so
for
PLA
I
believe
that
number
is
like
three
or
so
three
or
five
times
that
you
can
recycle
it.
And
then
you
have
to
go
back
to
the
original
chemistry
how
how
the
PLA
was
synthesized.
You
can
reformulate
it
to
make
it
actually
work
again,
but
that
means
some
more
chemical
processing
to
do
that.
For
abs,
it's
more
like
five
to
ten
times
that
you
can
recycle
it.
So
I
mean
still
that's
great.
A
So
if
you
talk
about
five
times,
then
every
time
you
making
filament,
you
might
have
to
add
you
know
20%
of
you,
newer,
stuff,
you're
recycling,
all
the
old
stuff,
and
then
you
got
to
add
some
some
new
stuff
to
it.
So
that's
that's,
perhaps
a
major
limit,
and
until
recently,
until
the
last
few
years
there
were
no
open
source
extruders,
the
Limon
filament
maker,
which
which
is
that
machine
there
that
came
out
a
few
years
ago,
the
iteration
that
we
have
hanging
on
the
wall
there.
A
That's
so
like
v6
of
it,
but
appears
ago
you
weren't
even
able
to
do
that
in
an
open
source
right
now
you
can
at
a
really
relatively
accessible
way.
So,
but
I
would
say
that
if
we
talk
about
distributing
production
of
all
kinds
of
goods,
it
might
be.
The
missing
link
is
still
like
good
product
designs,
excellent
designs
for
things
like
your
cordless
drill
or
whatever
those
good
high-quality
products.
That
means
you're,
refining,
that
a
lot
you
go
through
the
involvement
development
process
to
the
point
that
it
just
works,
and
it's
better
than
anything
else.
A
That's
the
missing
thing
and
we
got
to
work
on
that
to
make
many
products
producible
in
decibel
microfactory.
So,
but
let's
talk
more
about
the
machines
that
are
currently
available,
so
the
main
there's
four
main
machines
are
available
for
the
recycling
part,
the
lima
filament
maker,
which
is
all
the
resources
for
it
are
out
there,
including
full
cap
design
and
free.
Can
we
actually
did
that
part
of
the
team
last
year?
We've
got
fully
complete
documentation
on
that,
so,
if
you
ever
want
to
put
that
into
freakout
view
it.
A
A
A
Liman
filament
baker.
This
works
out
of
the
box
when
I
ran
it
here.
First
I
produced
that
school
on
the
first
run,
so
it's
not
super
difficult,
and
that
was
abs,
which
commercial
pellets,
which
is
relatively
easy,
but
if
you're
gonna
do
any
kind
of
plastic,
like
whatever
probably
propylene,
whatever
the
recycling
numbers
are
and
the
things
that
you
use
there's
a
lot
of
safe
high
density
polyethylene.
That's,
for
example,
easy
to
make
filament
out
of
it's
harder
to
print.
A
You
know,
common
things
are
poly
ethylene
poly
propylene
propylene,
PE
T,
which
is
the
common
like
soda
bottles,
probably
the
water
bottles.
That's
readily
pretty
much
doable
these
days,
so
you
can
do
a
lot.
Pt
is
I!
Think
well
in
terms
of
being
a
widely
accessible
plastic.
That's
easy
for
the
current
with
DT
is,
is
one
of
them.
So
this
machine
is
fully
open
source
replicable,
but
the
parts
are
3d
printed
like
like
the
casing.
There's
electronics
inside
of
there,
but
the
way
it
works
is
essentially
you
have
to
keep
a
temperature
constant.
A
So
you
have
a
little
sensor
and
a
control
loop
that
keeps
the
temperatures
at
a
constant
value
and
you're
simply
extruding
from
the
barrel,
which
is
just
a
metal
pipe
and
a
simple
auger
like
this
for
the
fulfillment
maker,
the
alignment
filament
maker,
it's
just
a
half
inch
auger
like
this.
You
can
use
a
professional
skroob
of
these
things,
work
well
enough
and
the
professional
screw
to
get
more
control.
A
Maybe
you
can
get
perhaps
higher
quality,
but
the
quality
I
got
initially
from
from
that
one
was
like
plus/minus
like
point:
one
millimeter,
which
is
good,
like
I,
did
three
millimeter
filming
so
plus
minus
point?
One
I
mean
one.
Millimeter
is
tiny
point
one
is
it's
relatively
good,
so
it
looks,
looks
like
its
high
quality.
So
next
next
other
machines,
the
second
one
that
was
the
recycle
Bob
witches
got
published
and
we
build
that
and
it
needs
more
work.
A
There's
it's
the
thing
I
was
saying
about
the
open
source
where
it's
academic,
open
source
means
it
just
gets
published.
We
didn't
collaborate
on
that
a
lot,
but
we
built
it.
I
went
out
there,
it's
it's
a
pretty
decent
design
and
it's
will
see
that
will
demonstrate
how
some
of
the
parts
work
on
that
on
another
day
here.
A
So
now,
how
do
you
generate
the
actual
regrind
and
that's
we're
building
up
on
the
work
of
precious
plastic?
That's
a
well-known
project
out
there
for
plastic
recycling
and
the
plastic.
Shredder
is
a
thing
you
might
have
seen
on
the
that's
how
it
looks
it's
a
thing:
it
was
on
a
tabletop
in
the
workshop.
A
All
the
fool,
CAD
files
are
available.
You
can
send
that
out
for
for
cutting
from
the
local
flap
shop,
I've
seen
see
shop,
it
cost
me
for
one
said
it's
under
$50
for
the
parts
with
some
minor
welding
there
you
can
put
that
together
and
it
works
quite
well.
The
secret
to
it
is
like
the
part
of
the
sides.
If
you,
if
you
have,
it,
has
a
screen
on
a
bottom
as
well,
so
the
size
of
the
particles
that
come
out
are
determined
by
the
hole
hole
size
on
the
screen.
A
Otherwise,
you
might
have
a
piece
get
ground
up
and
if
it
pulls
straight
through,
it
might
be
a
very
much
a
regular
size.
Some
pieces
might
be
large.
Some
pieces
might
be
small,
but
if
you
have
a
screen
underneath
with
regular
size,
holes
and
everything
will
be
just
about
the
size
of
the
pole,
so
that
works,
that's
we
were
thinking
about.
It's
actually
is
little
bit
of
experimentation.
How
can
you
actually
simplify
that
we
do
it
with
just
like
pieces
of
board
by
two
steel
that
are
just
cut
at
a
45
degree.
Angle.
A
I,
think
you
can
do
that,
but
the
thing
I
did
notice
is
that
efficiency
maybe
comes
in
in
a
sense
that
it
takes
a
bit
of
energy
to
to
crank
it
and
you'll
see
it.
But
when
you
do
that,
we'll
play
with
that,
when
you
do
it
by
hand,
so
the
less
refined
the
blade
structure
is
the
blades
in
this
are
kind
of
like
these
star-shaped
nice
pointy.
This
simple,
simple
kind
of
a
shape
it
might
be
harder
for
it
to
cut
because
it's
just
just
a
very
basic
shape,
but
it
will
still
work.
A
The
idea
here
is
on
these.
They
are
slow,
spinning,
high
torque
versions,
there's
also
other
versions
which
are
very
fast,
spinning
and
they're.
Just
they're
more
like
hammer
mill
style
versus
shredder,
a
shredder
is
a
small
moving
blade
that
essentially
cuts
pretty
slowly
with
high
torque
as
but
as
far
as
more
the
hammer
mill
style,
it's
very
fast,
like
3000
rpm
and
just
breaks
it
things
apart
by
impact.
A
A
So
that's
the
building
mm
grinder
now
for
the
extruder
part
there's.
Actually
the
three
options
is
precious
plastic,
there's
Lyman
and
there's
the
recyclable
that
are
the
main
contenders
out
there.
I,
like
the
precious
plastic
views,
that's
that's
a
little
bigger
and
it
has
like
a
1
inch
barrel
and
stuff
happening.
A
So
it's
simply
moving
material
along
into
the
hot
melt
zone
and
it's
just
extreme
out
and
the
thing
that
happens
at
the
end.
It's
simply
a
cap
with
a
small
like
a
1
at
1,
millimeter
or
2
millimeter
hole
in
it
that
actually
the
way
the
recycle
about
works.
You
are
once
it
melts.
You're
pulling
and
the
cooling
speed
determines
how
fat
the
filaments
going
to
be.
A
So
we
actually
like
the
hole
to
be
a
little
bigger
like,
for
example,
if
you're
doing
21.85
millimeter
so
1.85
and
3
millimeters,
1.75
and
yeah,
and
about
3
millimeters
are
the
standard
widths,
but
if
you
want
to
do
generate
1.75,
millimeter
you'd
start
with
like
2
or
3
millimeter
of
a
hole
and
then,
depending
on
how
fast
you
cool
it
is
going
to
reduce
it
to
that
length.
So
you
can
get
whatever
thickness
you
like,
based
on
how
fast
you're
pulling
on
it.
A
That's
that's
the
way
these
things
work,
so
the
precious
plastic
one
is
a
little
larger.
It's
got
the
bigger
bigger
screw,
which
means
it
tolerates
more
I
mean
it's
more
forgiving,
as
in,
if
you've
got
like
not
so
super
finely
ground
chunks
of
things,
there's
just
bigger
things
can
fit
into
this
as
opposed
to
a
1/2
inch
before
it
plugs
up
and
just
and
work
for
you.
So
that's
that,
basically,
let's
see
so
that
that
kind
of
cover
stuff.
A
A
Well,
we
did
an
are
like,
like
the
grinder
part,
what
we
did
is
that's
where
you
can
combine
3d
printing
to
make
makeup
with
a
build
easier,
and
if
you
have
a,
if
you
trying
to
make
the
film
and
grinder
they
do,
there
is
use
regular
bearings
round
bearings
that
that
go
around
the
shaft,
so
that
means
but
the
actual
cutting
wheels
it's
on
a
hex
shaft
so
that
they
hold.
So
you
basically
put
on
pull
the
hex
put
all
the
blades
on
the
hex
hex
blades.
A
So
that
means
they
cannot
spin
freely
so
they're
attached.
That
way.
That
means
the
end
of
the
shaft
has
to
be
around
for
a
ball
bearing
to
go
around
it.
So
another
way
to
do
it
is
use
a
hexagonal
bearing
which
exists.
So
that's
what
we
did
on
ours.
We
use
the
text
bearings,
so
a
hex
shaft
fits
into
it
and
one
inch
hex
shaft
and
then
the
bearing
goes
in
the
housing,
but
the
housing
be
3d
printed.
A
So
we're
able
to
do
like
four
ten
dollars
for
that,
the
bearing
part
plus
its
we
depend
upon
we're,
making
our
own
bearings,
which
are
hundred-percent
Enfield,
pretty
strong,
big
structures
to
make
it
work.
So
you
can
simplify
things.
Therefore,
you
don't
have
to
mill
the
ends
of
the
shaft
Benny.
Normally,
would
you
would
mill
it
to
mill
it
or
put
it
on
the
lathe
to
get
the
round
shaft
from
a
hexagonal
shop?
A
So
that's
that's
a
detail
of
how
3d
printing
can
facilitate
the
build
process
of
a
thing
like
the
shredder,
so
yeah
see
what
else
we
want
to
talk
about
here.
So,
let's,
let's
probably
get
back
we'll
play
with
these
machines,
a
little
bit
to
see
how
the
shredding
works
and
how
that
film
and
making
works.
We
know
that
you
know
on
a
machine
like
that
we
can
work
with
a
commercial
pellets
that
works.
Absolutely.
We
can
experiment
doing
things
like
okay,
let's
regrind,
that
yellow
casing
that
the
rods
came
in.
A
A
So
it
might
take
a
little
bit
of
time,
but
once
you
have
a
formula
like
a
recipe
like
cooking,
then
you
can
do
that
on
a
regular
basis,
but
of
course
you'd
have
to
have
regular
feedstocks
like
that's
all
we
have
for
that
yellow
stuff,
and
you
spend
all
this
time
figuring
out
how
to
do
it
and
then
okay,
you
don't
have
any
more
and
that
for
me,
I
kind
of
went
away
until
you
get
more
of
those
rods
and
things
like
that.
So
so
it's
it's
art!
A
You
know
generate
a
library
of
formulas
that
that
are
robust,
that
that
work
with
readily
source
of
all
feedstocks
things
like
plastic
jugs
like
gallon
jugs,
milk,
jugs
or
or
containers
from
all
kinds
of
food.
That's
that
could
be
a
very
regular
peach
stuff.
So
we
can
create
formulas
for
that
and
make
it
happen.
A
So,
in
summary,
like
that
all
of
this
stuff
is
I
mean
it's
quite
doable
at
home
when
I
first
ran
this
thing
here
to
make
the
film
in
it
was,
it
was
quite
pleasing
and
surprising
was
a
good
victory
day
in
a
sense
that
stuff
just
works
and,
of
course,
to
to
do
other
things.
Other
filaments,
including
things
like
like
rubber,
like
think
about
recycling,
the
rubber
your.
A
If
we
make
our
tracks
or
wheels
or
tractors
and
then
when
the
thing
wears
out,
it
can
recycle
it
and
you
can
make
new
treads
or
new
tires,
which
is
something
that's
I,
think
that's
pretty
exciting
a
minute
totally
bypasses
this
whole
industrial
chain.
Like
you
know,
the
garbage
dumps
with
burning
tires
and
whatever
all
that
stuff
that
goes
into
the
landfill
now
can
start
coming
back
to
regular
use,
but
for
rubber
I
mean
there's
the
rubber
from
from
rubber
trees
that
that's
not
that
recyclable.
A
That's
like
that's,
got
these
sulfur
bonds
that
it's
kind
of
like
it
sets
once
you
can't
recycle
it
well,
but
there's
other
thermo
plastics
that
are
rubbers
are
recyclable,
like
thermoplastic,
urethanes
or
other
materials
that
completely
work
and
there's
tires
made
from
those
currently.
So
yes,
it's
an
industry
standard
process,
so
we
get
our
hands
on
some
of
that
material.
We
can
recycle
it
and
make
new
new
tires
forever.
So
yeah
I
think
I.
Think,
let's
wrap
up
here
is
just
a
brief
overview
of
what
we
can
do.
A
D
D
E
A
And
that's
what
makes
it
set
it's,
not
thermal
thermal
plastic
thermal
means
that
it
melts.
When
you
raise
the
temperature,
the
rubber,
that's
Ana,
Stannah
ties,
it
does
not
melt
it
will.
Just
pyrolyze
would
burn
yeah.
If
you
get
it
hang
up,
it
won't
go
through
the
molten
base.
That's
just
not
what
the
natural
rubber
does.
The
way
it's
chemistry
works.
So
it's
a
little
different.