Open Source Ecology CNC Torch Table, 21 Aug 2021

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From YouTube: 1" Universal Axis

Description

Notes at https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18M6Qw-2pqrRgK4g3G3Nkc_5tjLEJcZgKSP9BI0gHOqM/edit#slide=id.gb328b2d63d_0_9

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A

All right so, let's uh start actually.

B

And I'm recording this for future reference, so we're good! You.

C

Guys can hear me on another site.

B

C

Yes, second, here you will okay.

B

C

A

What we wanted to do today was to go over.

B

A

Right now here we we've built.

B

Some of the 3d.

A

Printers we're working on actually printing parts for the torch table, so that's um that's kind of the bootstrapping route.

B

Start with a small machine like the 3d.

C

Printer, you can print the universal access.

B

3D printed pieces for a larger machine like the torch table or a large router or anything.

C

Else any larger scale machine.

B

C

That's what we're doing.

B

D

Is let me share my screen actually so.

B

B

D

Doc is, if you want to go to my log, which is martian log. You.

B

Can go to cnc torch table link.

D

To 20 uh 21.08, so concept design. So let's start with this dot here so.

B

D

B

Just so you can reference it and then share it's editable. Let me see, make sure it's editable by everybody, so we can actually collaborate on it in there as well. Anyone can find an.

D

B

Specifically in a chat, I'm typing there's the dock. If you want to access it.

D

B

Cnc torch table, you can start with genealogy. Actually the latest.

D

Is 21.08 so that's like.

B

Number six and we're going to cut things like shredder parts, tractor parts track tractor track parts. uh What else.

D

Those are the immediate things and a bunch of the heavy equipment parts like backhoes and things. This is a critical tool: um here's the genealogy for the torch table; okay, what.

B

Did we do so far so last.

A

Time, actually, if you I don't know, if you had a chance to review the lesson.

D

From last time, the video um design.

B

Lesson we said: let's make this thing highly replicable better than last time I mean, I think the universal axis is already a great start. We've been working with it for a long time.

D

B

Built a lot of the 3d printers torch tables, even the 200 thing.

A

Works we're streamlining, so the new design guides guidelines were to.

D

Make everything even.

B

More transparent, like uh from.

D

The build perspective everything is accessible, transparent like bold, so you can take.

C

Things apart, no.

B

C

Not even hidden.

B

Nut catchers, like none.

C

Hack nut captures.

A

Means you've got a not inside the 3d printed plastic piece.

B

um You know comparing.

D

So you got your small machine like scenes, see circuit mill. This is the thing from last time.

A

For example, here we had nut catchers inside the 3d printed pieces on the xyz.

D

B

D

B

We're making simpler.

D

C

D

A

Is we're turning these.

B

Clam shell pieces.

A

From two pieces.

B

To one piece: that's another major change, um not.

A

Underhanding this like right here, but actually we're going to do it properly.

B

Which means you, you span the x, the y axis uh here kind of have it reversed. It should really be. The y axis here should be x. The way we if we.

D

Use the same convention as on the 3d.

B

Printer, so that typically the double y in.

D

B

X, uh not underslung, put the x in between the y axis this time around things.

D

C

B

C

Started with some design rules and started designing.

B

um So you can take a look at some of the design.

D

Guidelines but the main things everything accessible, no hidden.

C

B

Interconnect ability of x to y to z in various configurations, use one inch rods.

D

So here's the products.

A

D

Can did this now, so this is.

B

D

B

E

A

Carriage piece here.

B

A

Go inside there so now you can download the files. Here's the idler piece.

D

B

A

Let's take a look at those, so so what are the next steps? We're looking at well, one of the main designs.

D

Considerations is you look at some of the dimensions here.

B

D

A

So it's printable on a six inch bed.

B

C

D

Like that, smaller than 5.5 one inch rod.

A

B

In trout, sizes and so forth, so let's look at more of the dimensions.

D

Look at the idler great uh you.

B

Can look at can log.

D

A

He's actually printed some of these, so we can study the progress there so.

B

Here's some of the actual, so this is what the idler looks like on belt. So what we did there was uh the idler is.

D

Just simply uh the belt runs around it. It's the third piece of the universal axis like there's the motor piece, the carriage.

B

The idler piece.

C

Here we put in this configuration the.

A

Things to note are part: redundancy, okay, bolts. Yes, the kind of bolts we use already.

B

A

E

This bolt here is actually.

B

This one here clamps down on the rod, so you can fix the.

C

Rod, if you insert the rod.

B

A

B

A

B

A

Shaft, what's that? Well, that's the same materials on the 3d printer, so we're just reusing parts. uh M8.

B

A

B

Roller blade roller skate, bearings.

A

Very standard, 20 cents.

C

B

C

A

What we're doing here, you can 3d print an.

B

Idler for the belt to go around this 50 millimeter belt, but.

C

We just use the.

B

C

Pulley that we use on the motor that's.

A

One way to do it, we can also just 3d print.

B

A

Here, which is just goes on the shaft, and how do you locate this.

B

A

It's press fit so if this rubs against the sides you're good, if the bearings are.

D

Right next to it is actually the press fit of the bearings locates, the idler, if the bearings are touching against the this pulley here. So this is self-locating, I don't even need like set screws or anything.

B

um That's that.

D

That's good stuff! That's very simple! Now, there's some some missing things here, like oh.

B

D

A

All good this is that I just noticed things details like 94.6.

D

Millimeters for the the spacing.

B

Between the rods well make it like 95 make it a round or something like that: um cool.

D

Print time, 2 hours, 12 minutes, 1.2.

A

Millimeter nozzle 20 infill, 92 grams.

B

Great two hours later we got an idler piece.

A

D

Look at the carriage.

A

D

So, first of all, you can actually, you know, download these files. You can take a look at these things, so that's the.

B

That's the cans work here.

A

And we did this little flash here because.

B

The pulley we use it's a little wider and.

A

Then allowed by this 40 millimeter distance.

D

From side to side there you go, let's.

B

Open up a carriage, so I actually took a look at the carriage and the eyelet piece as.

A

If you were to join them so immediately, you see some things missing like.

D

There's no way to join this carriage. How.

B

Are you enjoying.

D

B

Nothing on this side here I would like to see bolt holes.

A

So, what's the easiest way to do it.

D

D

Maybe that maybe.

B

D

B

Ball holes need to go through here, like okay,.

D

So if you have this right now, you can.

A

See some things that are immediately.

C

Obvious, like you, can't join these.

D

Together but there's a quick solution build this up to.

B

So that the piece goes all all the way to the 5.5 inches like this piece here so.

A

You've got this 5.5.

D

B

140 millimeters.

D

I'm going to go to preferences.

D

Imperial decimal.

B

So here the the deal is, if you extend this, this idler.

A

B

D

Over these bolt holes, you've got access to ready.

B

Bolt holes and then you put those bolt holes.

D

B

This piece um so.

C

This is really good. Actually, it's like this is almost.

A

Too simple: it's a block. You got some bolt holes, you don't really need.

B

These ones here either like, if you just have the top ones and the bottom.

A

Ones it'll be enough to join a piece like this here. If you wanted to join at a right angle, you would put.

B

D

Holes here and three holes there.

B

But that wouldn't really work so we're.

D

A

Contra constraining ourselves to this this kind of a vertical alignment here.

B

D

Else to say about this.

A

It's one piece, so it's.

D

Like there's no balls like, if you just want to.

A

Insert the bearings now here.

B

A

So bushings, what are what do we do there? So that's one inch rod hole right, but you need a bearing surface in there.

D

A

D

D

Ken's not not in there but.

B

The thing is, if you notice what's going on in this this one here, that's.

A

A one inch hole: that's for one in draws. This is supposed to be a carriage. That means you need bearings in there. Simplest way to do bearings would be to take this side and poke out 1.25 for the length of the bearing. So what's the bearing look like.

D

B

D

B

A

Is a bearing there.

B

A

B

Bearing looks like download that thing it's my.

D

Mastercard part.

B

One-Inch, bronze bronze bushing that.

A

Works for as a good lighting surface, it's like a couple of dollars, so you can download this and insert it, but you'll see that its diameter is 1.25.

B

A

So what's happening here.

D

Is we're taking common.

A

B

Shelf parts and we're building around them. So if we.

A

Want to import the bearing here file merge it.

B

A

It look like it looks like that, so you see it's a little bigger than um the hole.

C

A

Inner diameter is one.

C

Inch but the outer.

A

Is a little bigger, so if you want to insert it in here, we have to take some meat out of here.

D

So you would go into part design.

B

D

Put a sketch on that face.

B

uh And get me a 1.25 for.

A

Press fit, you could press fit this thing, but no you want to do a closure so.

D

uh So this thing is going to.

B

D

Just I'm just adding bearings.

B

Here in real time, so if the diameter is 1.25.

D

0.6125 would be the radius and that'll.

B

Be a tight fit so maybe do like.

D

Do that just a little more.

D

B

If you do this,.

B

Then you have a bearing a bearing hole, so we'd pop. We could pocket that, for example, uh to the length of the bearing what's the bearing length 1.25.

B

Is it yeah it's about 1.25, one and a quarter? If you get more specific.

D

B

Yeah, it's 1.25, so in other words this pocket here that we just pocketed out last.

D

You want to do that. 1.25.

A

D

B

We go, we've got a bearing hole if you put the bearing in there what happens.

D

B

Keep it there, how do you keep it there? The standard technique that we used before is the the universal idler carriage closure. So uh this could look a little different here. We can use these bolts here for carriage closure. So say we just did this here. uh We already have these bolts here that candid so- and this is all for m6 bolts, they're printed as about 5.5 millimeters, so you actually thread into them.

B

So the concept here is everything threads in now. You might see the challenge here. These are 5.5 and you're. Attaching this idler piece which you would want to do is take a six millimeter bit and ream these out, so that the bolt goes through and starts. Catching starts catching threads on the idler here. If that makes.

A

B

So now you can insert this bearing in here do a.

A

Closure, so what would.

C

A closure look like.

B

C

B

Put a put a thing on it: that's got, um let's draw one out that would be in the x y axis.

B

um So what what what would it look like? It's just a square thing uh put it.

B

D

Just trying to draw draw the closure.

B

Oh, it's right there and pat it out to like a quarter inch or eighth.

A

Inch like point two, maybe.

B

There you go poke a hole through that and there's your closure poke a one.

D

Shot, it has to would have to be a little bit.

B

Larger than one inch.

C

B

Why? Because the rods have to go freely through it, so go like point: five: five: maybe there you go um and then poke it.

D

B

You got your, you got your.

B

You got your carriage closure, you need some.

D

A

D

Doing this in real time here, but yeah.

B

It would look something like this: that's your closure, so it allows the rods to go freely through it and then you need the um appearance yeah. I actually drew a feature on this, so that's that's not a proper closure. That's a! I need to draw a separate piece there, because the whole thing lights up here, but I just wanted to show the appearance here, a little transparency.

B

So that's what you got there. So we've got this bearing hole in there. You got the closure, but we need to poke some bolts for this closure as little as like. Maybe this bolt um see that bolt there and like two bolts there would suffice.

B

All you're trying to do is take the bearing make sure you the bearing, doesn't fall out as you're sliding the carriage up and down the axis. So that's that's just notes about the carriage all right.

A

But let's go back to the dock and what else we.

B

Got so so the results so far the carriage and an idler. We need a motor piece now for a motor piece. We talked about how what you need. So this is more about the carriage and motor piece just need a mounting pattern for the the.

D

B

There's little flanges on the motor. If you look at the details so so you can send the bolt right through the back and thread it into the plastic 3d printed piece, so that would work those are what's the size of those holes. It's like they're, like four millimeter. I believe something like that. So so tiny bolts that go in there.

B

C

To say so, then what are the next steps.

B

A

Yeah, but I was troubled by this thing here- uh that's nine hours for this print. We want to.

B

Pick out some meat from it just optimize it, um the.

D

Constraint here is you want to be able to carry like 100 pounds or so.

B

On so these two.

A

Characters support.

B

The y-axis, the sorry.

A

B

D

B

Like we have here so.

A

What do we do here.

B

Oh that's already there. What do.

D

We do here, we can start.

B

Doing like brute force means like take.

A

This side, and just.

B

D

Out a bunch of meat from it, because what do you need.

B

D

A

Could cut out this whole mill? We don't need this middle and.

B

You save yourself some material there.

D

I mean literally just poke right through it and.

B

Do you still have enough structure as a question.

A

At the end of the day,.

A

B

You go. That's our new carriage. It's gonna be faster to print. Yes, um what.

C

Else could we do here.

D

B

C

D

I mean we could go.

B

The question is like once you print it, you'll see how strong this is, but I'm seeing okay, that's still like an inch or two.

D

B

You've probably got like an inch and a half here and a half here.

A

B

That's still solid.

A

Like you have to have enough.

B

Meat to make this very structural, so you can hold like.

A

If you got 100 pounds to hold uh so this would definitely help you, but we just might want to start cutting out around.

B

A

Don't know like a little more.

E

A

The point where.

B

D

Works, but this is like the major thing I can see right now, so, for example, if you were to.

B

B

D

A

This file to an stl.

D

You go. That's the workflow.

B

A

Into cura you go.

B

File name would be carriage2.

D

Didn't save it right, um export.

A

B

You want to do is this is like rapid prototyping immediately, you want to track okay. How much time is it going to take me to print.

D

B

D

I I would go into cura, let's.

B

D

D

B

D

B

D

B

Can download the.

D

Cura.App image it's on the wiki.

E

You can uh so this is the kira, the old.

B

Cura from lulzbot, which is the best thing you can find for linux, but here you can do this carriage and you can observe.

D

C

So right now it says eight hours well cool.

B

Sorry, we could probably take.

A

D

More here and there like, we can cut.

B

Out a little more but.

C

D

B

C

It's got that one of the carriage closures there's but.

B

A

I mean you have to have enough substance.

D

So it's definitely solid and.

B

It's not going to move anywhere, but we.

D

Can still keep going at it and we can, you know, maybe just stay at eight hours and.

A

You know print this and there we go it's 300 grams. So it's like a third of a spool of filament.

B

Still doable cost.

D

A

Like five bucks, if you buy.

B

Spools at like 16 bucks or so.

A

B

D

Pretty good so after this.

A

Say we get to the.

D

Okay, so we got the carriage we modify.

B

D

Next steps we want to wire up so if we're going to.

B

Use ramps for controlling.

A

Larger stepper motors.

B

We can use our universal controller to do this. That's the whole point. uh So how do you do this? Well, let's talk about this for a second, so you can see this reference here, which goes to.

D

The wiki, how do you wire.

B

D

Okay, this is these are largest what's going on here, so the ramps get you these small stepper drivers that run.

C

Small motors now you can use external stepper.

A

Drivers such as the tb6600.

D

uh There's a full reference design.

A

Not only reference design but open source version here this is the open source version of it. You can mill, it say on a d3d.

B

A

Mill but you can.

C

Make one of these separate drivers yourself too, if you like.

B

C

You buy them, they cost like.

B

Eight dollars you can make these. uh This is actually open.

C

D

B

The guy who did.

D

This from the fab labs to actually open source, it.

B

D

You got your boards here, so this is kind of a simple thing.

A

C

Components you can solder by hand.

B

C

But that's the open source version of a.

B

Tb 6600 you, google 6600.

D

A

Anyone an audience here worked with tb, 6600.

C

C

D

Not maybe not, but.

B

This is like industry.

A

Standard stuff, these come in a size. This is.

D

The particular one toshiba.

A

E

The one that can go.

A

Up to like four amps or so.

B

uh There's larger.

C

B

Want to use larger stepper motors, but that's that's the thing.

C

So this what you see here with.

B

The green and black is an encapsulated.

D

B

D

B

Here encapsulated.

C

Meaning a case around it, but basically you've got.

A

This chip here this chip here with this big heat, sink.

D

And then the circuitry around it to make it work, but yeah.

B

um That's that's the idea there.

A

You get these stepper drivers off the shelf here, I'm showing how do you? How do you wire this up, so you take off one of the.

D

A

D

A

D

The ram support.

A

Produces signal you can feed that signal into the stepper driver and that separate driver.

D

B

D

Larger steppers so.

C

The steps here are take the universal controller, so this is what you have on say: the 3d printer.

B

Remove the x driver remove one of these.

C

Take off one of those.

E

B

E

Now you have signal you, have you put little leads.

A

Like, for example, phone wire, like that's cap, five, solid, core, cable like or just any jumpers you you put them into the corresponding.

C

Holes like just look at this picture here.

B

A

The first separate drive so yeah this upper right.

B

D

Right most pin this one this one, this one.

B

um But that's that's.

C

How it works just.

D

You can follow this diagram and it's basically three signals and then one ground like the.

B

Black here is ground, so you got um on the step driver you get the labels like pulse direction and enable so.

D

You need three three three wires.

A

You need the pulls, because what the separate, how the stepper works is a bunch of short pulses of of.

D

B

Signal like this on off like separate.

A

Separate motors work by.

C

B

A

Successive windings in the stepper motor, so here like you, need.

B

A

B

A

How fast the steps are going, which direction like.

D

A

Or negative, like.

B

Counterclockwise.

A

B

And enable it just enables the thing um so.

A

So there's a programmer here we can take so ramps.

D

Already with marlin the firmware for the 3d.

A

Printer already has this stuff.

C

Built in for how you control.

A

Stepper motors, but you can program it using a simple program by simply saying like feeding these three signals. So you take you draw yourself a little arduino program that says that basically says.

B

On off on off rapidly in.

C

A

C

Sequence and that actually that's actually, what makes the stepper motor.

D

A

And you can figure out not figure out. I mean this is all documented, like okay,.

D

A stepper driver.

B

Just for people who want to get into this stepper.

C

B

Sequence, um you'll see um probably.

C

B

C

B

Of diagrams that.

A

Show like it's effectively this.

C

It's like you're.

B

Turning one set or the other set of windings on and off.

E

D

A particular phase.

A

So you do that through.

B

A

Write yourself a little.

B

C

In arduino, which, basically.

A

B

A

Turn this output on turn it off.

B

A

B

A

You have this other.

B

D

uh Output that you got.

A

B

It well actually, no, you don't need to go at that level. It's.

D

uh Because you've got the.

B

Pulse step like pulsar step direction, enable like all you need to do is give it a particular.

C

Pulse so it means on off cycle.

B

Direction, it's like. I don't know what that is. It's either high or low.

C

Point being, if you google, this you can, you can figure out what.

D

Just write a very simple arduino program: that's like stems.

C

Stem material like how do you control a stepper.

B

Motor um like more at a lower.

D

Level like actually writing a program to do it. It's doable, but.

A

D

Does it for us marlin, does it for.

B

Us so we don't have to worry about that.

A

That's in the battles.

B

Of the code already, okay.

A

um So to use a separate, the external stepper or you remove the stepper driver.

C

The small one you connect the wires to the big one.

B

A

Called you're just extracting a signal.

C

Pulse from the.

B

Ramps board and.

C

A

Pump it into the tb 6600 by connecting these wires.

D

Now, on the other.

A

Side is the power, so you wire.

C

D

C

Supply so basically, here what I did was I cut and pasted.

B

A

Half of this diagram here. So if you look at this diagram here,.

C

B

uh No, that's the wrong one. um This.

D

B

The reference here, the.

A

Top part here is the signal side and a.

B

High voltage side here so this is where the power supply connects.

D

To on the bottom,.

B

And on the top.

D

You have the signal side.

A

So that's what I did here. This is the signal side and on the bottom is the power side, so you take a little 12 or 24 volt power supply. These.

C

Stepper drivers work anywhere up to like 40 volts.

B

So you can take 12, 24 or 36 volts. They.

C

All work pretty much.

D

The higher the voltage, the better.

B

Response the higher top speed you'll get, but you powered.

E

Up according to these leads that you put a power in.

A

Plus minus and then the four leads to this actual step. So you get your stepper motor. It's got. Four leads on the back of it. You just wire them into those terminals.

B

E

D

B

D

It looks in practice.

B

D

B

Or our cnc torch table genealogy in practice.

D

B

um That that's what it looks like in practice, it's this when.

A

You wire everything.

D

B

The universal controller, it.

D

Ends up looking something like this, so so.

A

Here's the ramps.

B

A

See it in there, but basically we took out all the separate drivers here we put put in the external ones.

B

D

You connect those four wires from each of those stepper.

B

Stepper driver slots into the these tb 60 600 separate.

A

Drivers with those terminals, you connect the power supply to them.

B

And that's kind of it.

C

And you can still use.

A

The you can use.

B

The universal controller.

A

B

Got the lcd.

A

Screen the power supply and all the infrastructure, that's already on 3d printer.

D

A

This is turned into a.

D

Cnc torch table controller.

B

Like this, so it's.

D

Very convenient to use the same parts.

B

um Next steps.

E

B

Talk about the next steps for, for.

A

B

D

So here we talked about this detail. We gotta make an attachment.

B

Between uh carriage.

D

And idler, we need to create the motor side.

B

So for wiring up the the stepper driver, like all you need, is uh um you.

C

Can do that, like from the printer controller right now by.

B

C

Need the tb 6600 hardware.

D

Just the one of the external drivers.

B

You need a power supply and you need some wires.

B

C

I miss anything I mean in our diagrams. It's like.

B

D

The separate driver.

B

D

B

E

D

Wires, that's it. Okay,.

B

So that that's something we can do like right now and actually start.

D

Controlling larger.

B

Stepper motors, which is cool because now we have the.

A

D

Run larger machines.

B

C

Either the carriage detail, motorcycle.

B

C

B

A

That's what I refer to.

B

A

Nine hour print time reduce nine hour print time.

D

A little bit carriage.

B

Closure I mentioned a little bit about that.

D

B

We still need the belt attachment and all that just like on a smaller universal axis, so we've got the pieces.

B

These kinds of pieces.

A

This is what we use on the 3d printer, so this is a belt belt.

B

Capture this is like the belt peg, like the belt cylinder.

A

B

The easiest way to do the belt cylinder like the belt catcher.

A

Because this is now 50 millimeter belt instead of six millimeter belt well,.

C

A

It lengthen it and the same design.

D

Would still work so, even if you go on to the.

B

Go into say uh you go into cura, you have the ready ability to do.

D

That right there.

B

You can download, for example, um you can.

D

Download the d3d universal.

B

Cat part of of the belt peg.

A

D

Say let's say you do that here in this belt.

A

B

D

You download that.

A

B

You can do it, you don't even.

A

Have to modify, you can go.

D

B

So you get your belt back to print.

B

A

Do you do there, you just click on it and then scale it up.

B

In the z direction, so.

D

Make it like if it was good for 16.

B

For 15 millimeter you're gonna need like 2.5 and there you go. There's your longer belt peg.

D

B

D

But now you got all this this.

B

Is like too crazy here, so um this could work, but it's it's a little too long. So probably just redesign this and it's.

A

Just a cylinder.

B

With a hole in it, so you that that's easily doable chamfer it on the edge but yeah that hole there should be about 15 millimeters for the belt and we've got too much. We can like cut it off like halfway here and there, but that's a way, a simple way to do your larger belt peg and then.

C

A

Carriage closure well.

C

We can use exactly.

B

What we have before, except you'd, have to once again, because the belt is much wider. This, if you use the reference design from the before make the uh make this slit here just longer, so it can accept the 15 millimeter belt, so that will be the design change there and then you need to add the carriage closure, as I talked about belt- clamp uh so a convenient way here. So.

C

So these are now 40.

D

B

If you look at in our.

D

B

One of the critical dimensions is okay: how wide is it it's about 40 millimeters? If you look at this or 1.5.

D

B

So now you can use two inch bolts or 50 millimeter m6 bolts as the interconnecting interconnecting part.

B

So if you were to.

B

See where's my.

B

D

B

Let's see, let's merge.

B

Well, if I have.

D

The idler here on I'll get rid of that one.

B

Where's my idler there so.

A

If you screw in from the back.

B

Once again, if we extend this piece, so these bolt holes actually work, um you use a 50 millimeter bolt.

C

Now 50 millimeter is convenient.

B

That's easy. It's two inch. You get.

D

B

The hardware store uh cool thing is you can use m6 or a quarter inch? The threading does not mind six millimeter compared to six point: two: five millimeter, that's what quarter inches quarter inches six point two five millimeter or something close to that uh both bolts would work. So this is readily accessible for off-the-shelf hardware, uh if you use a two-inch bolt so now, if you have a two-inch bolt though- and this is 40 millimeters, then you're threading in only 10 millimeters you'd like to thread in a little more.

B

So what I would do is, I would do a countersink on these things, so the bolt actually goes in a little deeper.

B

What I would do is so on that face. I would countersink it meaning do a pocket around that for the bolt head.

B

D

You just uh yeah, you took out some.

B

Okay, there's artifacts that were actually starting to run into the other bolt hole. That's through the whole thing, but that's.

D

A recessed hole there.

B

And you can, if you put a bolt through it, um you're getting gaining yourself a few millimeters there so that you would thread in maybe like 15 millimeters.

B

C

Want to, I would.

B

Like to see the thread in like maybe like 20 millimeters, like close uh around three quarter inch, so that you make sure that when you thread it in it's not coming out it's a very solid connection, I would say about 20 millimeters of threading would be good, so we have to think about both sides bolt holes. Now you can use a longer bolt like 60 millimeter, or you know two and a half inch or something yes, sure we're just trying to use very common parts.

B

um So that's one consideration there as far as so, the idler wants to clamp uh just one more thing here. What I would modify here is on the idler. You want to grab the rod by clamping it down.

D

So you can put in a bolt through one of these holes.

B

Through the side and you've got a little you've got there, you have about a quarter inch about six millimeters, seven or maybe seven millimeters there, where you can grab a bolt onto that. But what I would do here make that more solid of a connection. So I would build up this side here, build this up like this, give it a little pad and then poke through it. So you've got much more meat. If you want to stick a bolt through this, so now we're gonna do.

B

On this pad here we can go, take out the make your 5.5 millimeter hole again.

B

C

So now you've got.

D

This protrusion.

B

Where, if you thread in a bolt through that, you've got just much more grab on a bolt like a yeah, we.

D

B

For about three quarters at least half and half an inch three three quarters, I.

C

B

Talking about one inch rods and carrying up to like forces on the order of a hundred pounds, let's say, unlike the printer, where the forces are in an order of a few pounds.

D

So if you put a bolt a quarter inch.

B

Bolt that's clamp force through about three quarter: inches of plastic. It's like having a nylon washer. That's like three quarters!

B

Long, that's a lot of grab! So point is, if you put a bolt through this threaded through to the rod that would be here, there's a lot of grab there. So it's just a point of how you design these things. You don't need to make the entire side thicker just put a bump on this to make it work um yeah, but.

D

B

Getting into the details a lot of the details of how these universal axis work with the the most fundamental one for reference, when you, when you look at the axis, I mean, if you.

A

Look at this thing.

B

Well, that's what we're doing the equivalent of in this case here we actually connected pieces through the four four bolt pattern. This is the original one um with a nema 17 motor. I use these belt pegs. We went away from the belt pegs because they have to be very precise. Otherwise they fall out or are too tight, but that's the equivalent and you're kind of thinking. Okay, you've got the motor. You've got the idle idler here here. We actually use this long idler.

B

That's way too long like we shrunk it down since then, and the carriage with the bearings inside, but.

C

That's what we're doing.

D

B

Just just for reference of what what we're trying to accomplish here, uh so you can make the analogy between one one system and the other, and in this system here we have double clam shell. So, for example, here you need these four bolts to clamp it together.

B

Well, that's parts too many parts just make it monolithic is what we did since about a year or two, and that's that's how it works.

C

That's a brief overview of one inch universal.

B

Axis we're just going to larger size and using larger stepper drivers, and you can use larger frames and then you've got you're on top of making uh pretty decent sized machines on order like the limit of the one at one inch axis would be. You can probably do very easily.

B

I would keep it at four feet by four feet uh and eight feet. Tall is easy.

B

If you go to longer lengths like say you wanna do still one inch universal axis torch table, which is longer than four by four feet, use hollow rods. They do have one inch hollow rod, which is much lighter, because the the thing that happens is with one inch solid rods. They end up sagging, we did a torch table that was like 10 feet long and to show you that one d3 cnc.

A

Torch table one two versions ago, like this one.

B

D

Don't see the detail here, but those are actually.

B

um We switched the long.

A

Rods, which were 10 feet.

B

A

Because they ended up sagging too much.

B

A

This this five foot- these are actually six feet. So yeah six feet is actually pretty good, but once you get to this ten foot, they actually start sagging and they start vibrating.

B

A

B

A

E

Did this one here still with a small.

A

Stepper motors.

E

B

Belt but doubled, so we have double six millimeter belt for 12 12 millimeter.

C

And this works, you can move this thing around.

B

um But it gets.

D

Wobbly once you get to the large distances, the solution is.

A

Hollow one inch rod, it does exist.

B

A

Amount of force that can hold if you've.

C

B

A configuration like here like say.

C

Two two sets of axes on the.

B

C

D

B

D

B

Enough to hold a torch head.

D

Which is non-contact, but this one is universal yeah that wouldn't work. If you.

B

D

A

That's way too little force like with milling forces.

B

um You can't use, I wouldn't use the one-inch rod more than like uh four.

C

Feet if you're doing milling.

B

A

I'm talking about light milling.

B

A

D

Wood or something um that'll be kind of the.

B

Limit but still decent.

C

A

And then the larger.

C

Larger end of this.

D

Scale, if you want to do cnc machines.

C

D

Heavy duty then go to two.

A

Inch or three inch rods, so that will be the thing and the two inch as I showed.

B

D

Somewhere, there's two inch: you can look up.

B

Two inch which we did elsewhere.

D

Okay, uh so that's.

A

About it, any questions on them.

B

On a universal.

C

Axis of one inch and what's happening here is we're just refining the last version.

B

And modifying it to just.

A

Easier build easier everything.

C

uh No questions just uh really looks good. The the the monolithic parts. Aside from the clam shells I mean, I think that's uh definitely gonna be easier to do.

D

B

Definitely easier print times aren't bad. We just might want to.

D

B

D

Carriage part, which is one of the larger parts.

B

A

C

A

It you'll feel like how strong it is like when you actually build it so.

B

I mean you can do finite element.

D

Analysis on this thing.

B

D

A

You certain things, but I think the reality is, if you do.

B

A rapid bit, you know just print.

D

Yourself, one of the pieces and and see how much.

A

How much material is necessary to make it hold? Still that's kind of like the.

B

The rapid prototyping.

A

Sense, that's what you want to find out, because I.

C

Mean it looks good on paper here.

B

A

B

A

Know when we rip.

C

This out it looks. We can't really.

D

C

By looking at it,.

D

Like physically once you print it.

B

You'll you'll see everything about. It will be.

C

Very clear whether this is stronger, it's going to break or.

B

Break or not um because those.

D

That kind of information you get rightly from once, you actually build it.

B

D

B

D

We'll um we'll actually get out the large.

E

Stepper drivers.

A

B

um If you want to replicate this.

A

Experiment at home, if you have a universal controller well,.

B

If you want to use the kind of ram system from another 3d printer to actually run larger machines, you can.

D

If it's running.

B

Marlin, you can readily control other machines, so all you need to go is go.

D

To amazon.com or someplace like that,.

B

And you, google up tb.

D

6600 you can get one of these.

B

D

Units of single layer, they're more.

B

Like you know, like 10 or 20 bucks, but in units of multiple they're, like eight bucks, each uh you need a 12 or 24 volt power supply.

B

It's like one of.

D

B

C

Running four amps per motor.

B

So if you've got, however many, if you say you got five, you need 20 amps. So.

A

A 30 amp power supply like this. Does it.

B

And beyond that, it's some.

A

Wire cap, like solid.

D

B

Wire is I mean just a standard, ethernet cable like this.

A

Just break yourself, a cable and you've got the little interconnect.

B

Wires for the leads now.

A

These small wires.

B

C

Fine for the signal wires just from.

B

A regular phone cable rip up a phone cable you've got.

C

Solid core: if you've got the strength version.

B

It's hard to put it into the holes of the um the.

C

Stepper driver.

A

On the ramps, so you need solid, solid wire, like this.

B

C

A

Kind of wire comes in solid or stranded.

C

B

Multiple tiny strands, which would just spray if you try to.

D

Connect that to the ramps, unless you put like a terminal.

B

On the wire you can't just.

C

B

It straight in but.

D

Yeah, the strand would work.

E

B

If you crimp the end.

A

With something like a ferrule or just some kind of termination that keeps it all together.

D

A

Still fits inside the driver.

B

um Small driver holes on the ramps.

A

Okay, so if you want to do this at home this definitely uh you can.

B

Still do this and it would work we'll build one of the drivers here, because.

D

As we go into summer x, we're we're going to be building.

B

A bunch of the one inch universal.

D

B

We want to have ready, control and good experience with.

A

uh Like everybody here.

D

Knowing how to run that all right.

D

A

B

E

A

Whole the question I'm looking at the question.

B

D

Pre-Drill holes in the rods through the other side.

B

Sure you can do that, but that's drilling in metal. That's pretty hard. You.

C

Can do it, it's just.

B

Much more work, if you want to go that route as.

D

B

D

If you have a constraint where.

C

B

That much space around the, for example the idler piece somewhere idler or motor, and you you are absolutely constrained. You can't get that extra lath to put in that good uh bump.

A

B

If you pre pre-constrained.

A

By space issues, yeah, then actually drilling a hole through and putting a pin through, like no yeah. That would make sense in that case, but otherwise, if you have the space available.

B

B

A

There's you can import things like.

B

The libraries for arduino to run step or more.

C

So this is all kind of.

B

Like the stem diy stuff, um yeah and.

A

It's it already already. Arduino already supports just about everything, so yeah you can run.

B

Stepper motors with arduino uh it will.

A

C

To get some reference.

B

Programs that we can actually put.

C

Onto the ramps that we use.

B

C

B

We can upload other.

C

Reference programs that allow us to.

D

Yeah to control.

A

D

uh For example, if you want to.

A

Run many many more steppers.

B

A

With an arduino.

B

D

We could do it.

B

Without a problem.

C

This might be uh jumping a little bit ahead, but uh does the controller also control the actual torch head um on and off.

D

B

Let's take a look at the controllers. What else do you have already on the board? You.

A

Have a bunch of.

B

Outputs like, for example, you have three outputs here. Those are outputs, they control the heaters, the bed and the fans.

A

So already you have set of three outputs, so what we're gonna do is one of them.

B

E

B

Gas turn on and there's three.

C

Gases, it's three. We.

D

Need three solenoids.

B

A

Three solenoids that are here all together on the torch head.

B

They can be run with those three outputs there. um You can turn on an.

C

Igniter, the igniter we would turn on with a solid state relay the igniter.

D

Is essentially like a neon light power supply, but that's a 120 volt device.

B

A

We actually mounted this on the back of this um other.

C

Side, we have the igniter.

B

A

Yeah this controls. The point is that you have access to.

B

A bunch of pins like here these are already pre-wired terminals that you can use. Okay turn something on and off. You can use these through directly.

C

For small loads like if it's like a couple, amp load like, for example, this.

D

The last one like the d10.

B

Outlets there they.

D

Can support a couple of amps? So if you want to.

A

Control one of those.

B

A

Gas right from that, you can go straight out of that.

D

Now the other terminals they're they're, like I think, lower.

E

Amps or I don't know if they.

B

Can support two amps even but.

D

If they don't, you go through another power element.

A

Like a relay, this is a solid.

C

B

Here that we use for heat, you can.

D

A

The wires into solid state and then control other things.

B

A

Also, all the pins that are available there, there's a bunch of pins that are still free.

C

And you can use those as signal pins for other turn,.

B

On and turn off, you've.

A

Got access to three sensors immediately, like temperature sensors on ramps, so.

D

If you're building, something like.

B

D

I mean you can do you can have sensor inputs.

A

Like whether it's say the the filament maker, where you have to turn on a heater and turn on the motor, you can run this, you can run the brick press with this.

B

A

So you can basically take.

C

Any pins that are liberated, they're still free, not used, there's a whole bunch.

B

On the ramps that you can still use, so you can run a lot of different things from this, so in our current iteration we we do have the ability to turn on all the gases and the igniter through the ramps. So it's.

C

Very convenient.

B

Just an easy way to turn on a bunch of stuff. That's why you call this the universal control, because you can have multiple.

C

B

And outputs, through the same thing that already controls the printer and.

A

B

Already built-in ability to control stepper motors and larger stepper motors, so it's like what else do you need? You need inputs? You need to control things as signals through outputs that you can run through power, handling elements like transistors or solid-state relays or mechanical relays. So yeah, that's only very cool yeah with the lcd. You can program that to to say: okay now this is the torch table program firmware. So that's for programmers like anybody who wants to help us with that. We can do it otherwise,.

C

B

Use the exact like right now uh just running marlin, the g-code that you do for the two-dimensional motion. You can run this exactly with a marlin firmware. You can run exactly the same 3d printer code and.

C

B

Can be cutting out parts on the torch table, it will.

C

Look like that, you.

B

Know the lcd will say 3d printer, but you can readily change that to torch table and use the stock marlin to control your torch table. Things like that.

D

B

So I think I think it's a bottle so I'll come down here, we'll um take out some of the stepper drivers, larger ones and we'll we'll see if we can get those working with a larger motor and that's about it. So we can run larger machines.

B

A

Well, thanks everybody and we'll call.

B

This um torch table design lesson we'll go from here, see what we can do today.

D

E

uh Quick question: please: yes, could you just run through the procedure to change the um free cad uh fcstd to stl? You know making solid and come. I I keep getting yeah.

B

Nothing yeah in freecad. First thing is you select an object, go to file export and you got to select sdl and there you go.

E

Don't you have to like combine it and make it into solid and okay.

B

So it depends, it depends, so here observe what we have so when.

A

You double click on it.

B

Effectively, what you're looking for is you just see that everything is lit up so, in other words, this pocket here contains all the information so yeah you can go like you can export this as a simple object. But no you don't need to do that. As long as you have everything selected and if it's in multiple parts you can go into the part tree and then select multiple parts by hitting control so say you did have more pieces that were part of the object. You want to print what I'm doing.

C

Right now is holding.

B

Down control and selecting other pieces that I would have to add, but not here you don't have to.

E

Could you say, do it with the um with the carriage piece.

B

Yeah, so we we open up carriage.

B

I uh I'm gonna go to.

B

So we go from scratch, we go to.

B

2108 we go to cad. I wanna, I'm gonna download my carriage.

D

Okay; click on that.

B

So now I'm going to open the carriage.

B

So in a carriage, if you look at the part tree, you've got all these pockets but see they're hidden. The only one that's live is that one.

B

So if you double click on this thing, you select the whole thing right.

E

You might be getting confused.

B

Like maybe, if you've got that, you know if you select that or maybe if you've got both of these selected, I don't know so now I see in the partry I selected both of these. I.

C

Don't have to select.

B

This one, because this one, the last one already contains all the all this stuff, um but.

D

Yeah, just double click on it.

B

File export select, sdl and then carriage.

B

That's it, then you got you got this this carriage here.

B

You can go into q, cura.

B

Use ultimaker cura no, but yeah use the use the lulzbot cura, that's better, so yeah, if you dump it into there there. It is.

B

uh Kenny you.

D

A

That you don't have.

B

The bearing holes in here right, so this is in progress, the bearing spacer, but the bearing um this is one inch rod right. So you were in process.

E

B

E

uh So so that the holes would actually have to be bigger than one inch.

C

Accommodate the.

E

Bearing okay, then that throws off the um the holes the attachment holes, maybe.

B

No, it's okay! Still! Okay! I just.

E

B

I just did this here.

D

B

B

You can take out.

B

That you can work with it. What I would suggest actually is do so before we had a carriage you slip in the bearings from the same side. Here, what I would do is I was cut out your your cut for the bearing here and then cut it out from.

A

The other side.

B

And use multiple closures, that's easy, so that you don't have this long hole in there because then.

E

You would need.

B

A spacer between the two bearings.

E

B

So just cut out a hole of one and a quarter, inch uh review.

C

This video, I think.

B

You joined a little later, but if you review this video.

E

B

How to do that.

E

B

Yup, so that's that's good work. It's uh I mean this is like um it's almost too simple. It's it's like! Oh man. This is so easy. It starts looking almost too easy after looking, because before we had the double clam shells we had like the magnet holes. We had like all these complications like right now.

B

It's just this is just getting stripped down to the essential features which is good so that if we need to modify it, one easy way to do it is you know, modify the existing pieces to a different version for a specialized purpose. Don't don't need to do one thing that does everything, but if we make the design very transparent easy, then it's very easy to modify to different applications.

B

So that's good. I like it.

B

Any other questions or we can get going.

B

Yeah, okay, so let's get going and hopefully we got some large steppers running today.

B

All right so I'll quit here thanks guys.

C

C