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From YouTube: Force, Power, Energy Content
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https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/OSE_Design_Manual_-_Force_and_Torque_Calculations
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A
Start
recording,
okay,
so
I've
started,
recording
welcome
everybody
to
the
afternoon
day,
7
force
and
power
and
energy
calculations.
Just
everything
about
about
basics,
of
force,
power,
energy,
the
relevant
quantities
that
we
need
to
know
in
a
physical
world
world
around
us,
I
kind
of
connect
this
to
numeracy.
The
idea
that
we
can
count
things
so
counting
things
like
atoms
or
velocities
and
forces
it's
important
so
that
we're
actually
getting
into
the
realm
of
engineering
and
understanding
what's
happening
as
a
postive
hand-waving.
A
When
you
can
measure
something
you
can
understand
it
more
deeply,
so
it
gives
you
additional
information
about
phenomena,
force
and
power
are
important
with
many
of
the
machines
we
study.
There's.
If
you
want
to
do
a
certain
task,
you
need
to
provide
a
certain
amount
of
force
or
power
to
that
task.
In
order
for
it
to
be
done
efficiently,
you
can
calculate
how
much
force
or
power
something
has
now.
You
can
calculate
things
like
efficiency
and.
A
Have
a
deeper
insight
to
whether
it's
something
that
you're
designing
can
work.
So
it's
part
of
making
calculations
happen
you.
If
you
do
calculations,
you
can
predict
some
of
the
phenomena
that
that
that
are
gonna
happen
in
the
thing
that
you're
building,
as
opposed
to
you,
get
into
something
and
all
it
may
or
may
not
work,
you'll
kind
of
have
an
idea
of
how
well
something
will
work
so
having
numeracy
or
the
ability
to
count.
Things
in
a
physical
world
is
very
important,
and
this
kind
of
numeracy
is
the
basis
of
Engineering
and
physics.
A
Let's
start
with
F
equals
MA,
so
force
equals
mass
times
acceleration.
So
that's
a
basic
equation
of
physics.
What
does
that
mean
that
a
force?
Something
has
a
mass
that
mass
divided
by
how
fast
it
excites,
is
a
force.
That's
in
the
mechanical
systems.
There
are
forces
that
are
electromechanical.
There
are
thermal
forces,
there's
pressure,
there's
many
different
kinds
of
forces.
You
can
talk
about
horses
of
bulk
and
Samba
'ls,
like
a
human
body,
you're
running
20
miles
per
hour
or
something
or
the
velocity
of
individual
particles
with
individual
particles.
That
is
called
temperature.
A
How
fast
individual
particles
in
the
gas
are
moving
you?
You
would
call
that
not
not
the
velocity
of
individual
particles,
because
you
don't
really
care
about
the
individual
particles
as
much
as
how
how
how
fast
they're
moving
on
average
is
an
ensemble.
So
you
have
the
idea
of
quantifying
things
as
individual
individuals,
bulk
objects
like
people
and
cars,
or
individual
things
like
like
atoms
of
water
or
gas
for
its
temperature
basics.
A
What
are
the
kind
of
forces
they're
out
there
I
mean
there's
besides
just
mechanical
force,
there's
other
other
types
of
forces
that
come
from
from
gravity
from
acceleration,
which
are
mechanical
forces
forces
that
come
from
electricity
from
magnetism
from
light,
sound,
there's
pressure
radiation.
There's
chemical
forces
like
how
how
individual
molecules
can
react
with
one
another.
There
are
nuclear
forces
thermal
and
they
can
be
when
you
get
down
to
a
super
micro
scale.
A
You
get
into
quantized
forces
where
you're
starting
to
talk
about
individual
particles,
as
opposed
to
ensembles
of
particles
like
a
human
body,
is
a
large
ensemble
of
particles
and
and
it
works
like
a
bulk
bulk
object.
Whereas
when
you
go
down
to
the
very
detail
down
to
the
individual
atoms,
you
get
into
quantum
effects,
which
means
forces
that
that
are
on
the
particle
level.
B
A
Can
walk
through
a
wall?
There's
there's
effects
like
quantum
tunneling,
where
which
say
that
oh
there's
a
finite
possibility
that
you
can
actually
go
through
through
an
energy
barrier
such
as
a
wall.
But
now,
when
you
take
a
look
at
bulk
objects
such
as
humans,
the
likelihood
of
you
going
through
a
wall,
it's
actually
not
zero,
but
it's
very,
very
low,
and
if
you
do,
you
will
find
out
that
it
is
very
low.
So
forces
can
add.
There's
basics
of
forces
that
you
can
add
forces
one
on
top
of
another.
A
If
you
add
forces
in
parallel,
they
will
simply
be
additive.
One
force
pushes
against
another,
then
that
that
can
bounce
it
out
and
provide
no
net
force,
even
though
there's
say
you're
pushing
an
object
from
two
sides.
Equally
strong
I
mean
a
lot
of
energy.
It
may
be
expended
on
that,
but
you
don't
have
any
any
actual
motion.
So
additive
in
subjectivity
of
force
exists.
We
also
conserve
matter
and
energy
like,
for
example,
you
cannot
plug
a
power
cord
into
itself
and
create
infinite
energy.
A
A
Motion
has
to
go
in
a
circle
if
you've
got
a
closed.
Loop
loop
loop
circle.
So
let's
talk
about
basic
things
like
velocity.
So
what
does
velocity
velocity
is
a
change
of
position
in
time
like
DV,
DT
and
calculus
change
in
velocity
over
time.
So
you
have
position,
then
you
have
velocity
and
then,
if
you
change
a
velocity
in
time,
you
get
acceleration.
A
Acceleration
is
what,
by
force
equals
mass
times
acceleration
accelerations
would
get
you
force
if
you're
moving
at
a
constant
speed.
There's
really
no
force
unless,
like,
for
example,
friction
is
slowing
you
down.
That's
a
force,
that's
slowing
you
down,
so
you
would
have
to
exact
sum
for
exact,
exert
some
force
to
keep
moving
at
the
same
speed,
but
ideally
in
vacuum.
If
you,
if
you're
moving,
you
have
no
force
like
in
the
space
you
go
launch
a
rocket
it'll
in
principle,
go
forever.
A
If
there's
no
resistance,
so
there
is
no
force,
but
if
the
rocket
decides
to
accelerate
there
will
be
a
force
at
that
point
that
you
can
feel
in
when
we
talk
about
velocities
velocities
are
very
important
for
understanding,
because
in
the
kind
of
work
we
do,
you
want
to
know
things
like.
What's
the
velocity
of
a
tractor
like
when
you
use
a
certain
hydraulic
motor
on
wheels,
how
fast
will
it
go?
A
You
can
calculate
those
kinds
of
things
you'd
like
to
know
things
like
acceleration
like,
for
example,
if
you're
designing
a
CNC
torch
table
and
you
have
certain
stepper
motors
and
you
have
a
certain
tool
head.
You
want
to
know.
Okay,
given
that
the
force
that
does
say
the
stepper
motors
can
can
exert
to
move
an
object,
how
fast
will
amass
accelerate?
Well,
it
doesn't
go
from
zero
to
one
immediately
zero
to
full
speed.
A
force
will
be
enacted
over
time
and
that's
that's
acceleration.
A
In
3d
printing
we
also
care
about
jerk,
which
is
the
change
of
acceleration
in
time
you
can
actually
in
3d
printing.
Have
that
as
one
of
the
settings,
let's
say,
you're,
accelerating,
which
you
might
be
accelerating
faster
at
one
point
than
another.
So
I
haven't
really
run
into
that
until
3d
jerk
into
until
3d
printing
I've
never
actually
heard
of
it
in
school,
but
in
3d
printing
it
is
actually
quite
relevant.
C
C
B
A
Yeah
we
can
yeah
like
after,
like
accelerations
of
acceleration,
of
something
like
how
far
do
we
go?
Where
does
it
make
sense?
Well,
we
do
have
to
consider
some
acceleration
of
acceleration
change
of
acceleration
over
time
yeah.
Now,
pressure
pressure
is
a
very
important
quantity
that
we
need
to
know
about
like
in
hydraulics.
We
deal
a
lot.
That's
that's
basically
about
creating
high
pressure
on
the
order
of
thousands
of
pounds
per
square
inch,
I'm
kind
of
more
familiar
with
pounds.
So
sorry
for
the
MKS
guys,
pressure
is
relevant
to
things
like
a
rubber
tire.
A
For
example,
if
you
want
to
know
how
far
a
tire
will
deflate
under
a
tractor,
you
can
measure
you
can
say:
okay
I've
got
certain
pressure,
which
is
pounds
per
square
inch.
Well,
if
it's
a
50
psi
how
many
square
inches
do
you
need
to
sustain
that?
So
basically,
your
your
tire
will
flatten
out
to
that
yeah
to
that
the
number
of
square
inches
that
corresponds
to
the
force
of
your
entire
tractor,
so
you
can
actually
calculate
I
typically
say
we
inflate
tires
to
say
50,
psi
or
whatever.
A
Well,
you
can
actually
get
a
feeling
for
what
that
quantity
will
be
based
on
the
weight
of
an
object.
We
also
have
concepts
also
like,
for
example,
gravity.
You
can
store
energy
with
gravity
so
now
we're
getting
into.
How
do
you
so
after
force
is
entered?
You
can
talk
about
energy,
so
energy
equals
force
over
a
distance,
so,
for
example,
in
gravity
which
is
relevant
to
things
like
gravity
storage.
This
is
actually
a
little
map
of
our
facility
here.
Were
we
saying,
okay,
we're
gonna
put
a
lake
a
little
pond.
A
A
Okay,
so
take
a
look
at
this
storage,
so
energy
is
forced
over
a
distance.
So
what
is
the
for
gravity?
Storage?
This
is
an
example,
so
force
over
distance,
meaning
you're
lifting
water
through
exerting
a
force
to
lift
water
up
a
certain
distance,
and
you
have
energy,
so
mass
times
gravity
times
height,
MGH,
so
force,
which
is
mg
mass
times
gravity
times
height.
So
MGH
is
the
energy
stored
in
a
pond.
So
here
we
have
the
water
runoff
of
our
facility,
and
here
I
select
it.
A
You
can
see
some
numbers
here,
but
you
can
actually
calculate
things
like
okay,
if
I
put
a
quarter
acre
pond
uphill
and
then
make
it
go
downhill.
Well,
you
can
calculate
the
mass
of
a
lake
by
taking
its
volume
and
multiplying
by
the
density
of
water,
which
is
one
kilogram
per
liter.
I,
don't
know
how
much
it
is
in
pounds,
but
something
I
know
in
MKS,
but
you
can
calculate
the
weight
of
the
water
and
then
you
can.
You
can
estimate
from
a
land
map
the
here.
A
The
contours
are
height
contours,
so
you
can
see
the
height
that
you
raise
the
water.
So
say
you
pump
pump
water
for
energy
storage,
nighttime
energy
storage
from
two
to
one
so
say
in
a
day
time
with
PV
or
whatever
say,
you're
in
a
photovoltaic
kind
of
a
system
set
up,
you
can
pump
water
store
it
and
then
release
it
at
night,
using
MGH
the
amount
of
energy.
You
can
see
that
I
kind
of
did
some
basic
calculations
there
and
under
certain
assumptions
there
that
what
do
I
have
there
it's
a
quarter.
A
Let's
see,
did
I
do
a
quarter-acre
or
was
it
yeah
quarter
acre
pond
six
feet
deep.
If
you
go
through
the
that's
about
two
hundred
two
thousand
cubic
meters
of
water,
but
that
will
get
you
24
hours
of
one
kilowatt
of
power,
so
that's
kind
of
like
another
way
to
use
water
for
energy
storage.
We
talked
a
little
bit
about
energy
storage
and
saturated
water
yesterday.
A
But
you
know
if
you,
if
you
don't
have
this
kind
of
numerous,
you
can
start
calculating.
Okay,
can
I
put
a
pond
on
my
property
and
actually
use
that
for
a
water
store,
water,
storage
and
energy
at
the
same
time
and
irrigation.
So
talking
about
integrated
system
design
to
make
this
into
a
paradise
where
you've
got
perennial
polyculture,
you
got
energy
storage
using
water
using
soil
plants,
rocks
the
basics
of
civilization
to
make
a
modern
day
civilization.
A
That's
ecologically
centered,
there's
also
chemical
energy
chemical
store
energy
reactions
of
like,
for
example,
coal
or
carbon
or
wood,
has
actually
an
intense
amount
of
energy
stored
in
it.
So
in
that
case,
you're
going
from
solar
energy
getting
converted
into
chemical
energy
that
can
be.
There
then
released
as
heat
by
burning
it.
To
do
things
like
running
engines,
running
gasifiers
or
burning
it.
An
external
combustion
engines
like
steam
engines
or
Stirling
engines,
so
chemical
energy
is,
is
a
very
popular
way
to
store
energy.
A
In
fact,
currently,
all
our
civilization
is
based
on
the
chemical
energy
of
carbon
carbonaceous
fuels
like
oil
and
coal,
energy
density.
That's
a
that's
a
good
thing,
so
so
to
understand
how
much
energy
density
you
have
is
important,
because
you
can
then
compare
one
fuel
against
another,
so
so
Einstein
also
came
up
with
idea
that
equals
MC
squared
and
that
corresponds
to
the
nuclear
energy
of
atoms.
So
if
you
got
a
mass
of
something
and
you
nuke
it,
you
you
make
it
undergo
a
nuclear
reaction
such
as
fusion.
A
You
can
smash
atoms
together
and
they
were
released
energy
on
the
order
of
e
equals
MC
squared.
So
you
can
convert
a
certain
mass
so
in
energy
density,
nuclear
stuff,
like
fusion,
now
that
she
have
antimatter
as
the
most
dense
I,
don't
I've
never
talked
to
antimatter.
So
I
don't
know
what
it
is,
but
I
know
a
little
bit
about
deuterium
like.
C
C
A
Yeah,
well
that's
what
I
was
gonna
say
so
moving
on
energy
density
is
important
to
understand,
because
then
you
can
consider
things
like
Oh.
Is
there
enough
energy
and
compressed
air?
Is
there
enough
energy
and
charcoal
or
wood
or
gravity
storage?
So
you
can
start
getting
an
understanding
of
that
here.
The
energy
density
on
Wikipedia
talks
a
lot
about
just
chemicals.
So
here
it's
all
chemical,
including
antimatter,
just
so-so
particles
deuterium
refers
to
its
nuclear
energy
like
an
effusion
reactor,
so
you're
gonna
have
nukes
first
as
the
highest
energy
density.
A
So
that's
why
people
like
nuclear
power,
because
it's
super
energy
dense
out
of
small
small
amounts
of
matter.
You
get
intense
amounts
of
energy.
However,
we
haven't
figured
out
what
to
do
with
the
waste,
including
fusion,
like
people
say
that
fusion
is
cooked
this
clean,
but
it's
not
because
in
fusion
you
always
generate
neutrons
and
neutrons
when
they
come
in
contact
with
matter.
They
make
things
radioactive
so
like
deuterium,
that's
great,
but
humanity
has
doesn't
know
yet
how
to
not
create
radioactivity
in
nuclear
fusion
reactions.
A
A
C
B
A
Using
it's
not
always
dangerous.
It's
comparable
safety
to
gasoline
tanks,
read
soft
energy
paths
by
Amory
Lovins,
it's
a
seminal
book
in
the
field
of
renewable
energy.
Hydrogen
happens
to
be
renewable
energy.
You
can
burn
water,
you
can
split
water,
you
can
and
then
what
you
get
out
of
that
is
water.
Back
after
you
burn
it.
C
A
Do
store
it,
you
can
store
it
as
a
gas,
but
you
have
to
be
very
careful
compressed
gas,
but
you
cannot
have
any
mixture
of
hydrogen
with
oxygen,
but
that
technology
does
exist.
I
haven't
done
any
hydrogen
outside
of
just
little
experiments,
but
I
do
believe
that
hydrogen
I
mean.
If
you
look
at
hit
the
human
progress
hydrogen
cars
are
coming
out
all
over
the
place.
How
do
they
store
it
all
they
started
and
compressed
hydrogen.
C
A
Hydrogen
sounds
scary,
but
you
can
look
at
some
videos
of
what
happens
like
with
tanks
bursting,
but
the
thing
is:
when
you
have
a
hundred
percent
hydrogen,
when
you,
when
you
explode
that
tank,
it
won't
explode,
it
will
do
a
high
velocity
flame
and
just
kind
of
like
leak
out
and
flame
out.
It
doesn't
explode
unless
you
have
over
4%
oxygen,
in
which
case
it's
explosive.
So
as
long
as
you're
storing
it
pure,
which
we
can
control
that
process,
then
you
can
do
it
so
I'm.
Definitely
a
fan
of
it.
C
A
C
C
A
But
it's
not
as
bad
as
people
think
and
definitely
there's
a
lot
of
prejudice
against
hydrogen
from
the
electric
car
industry.
I
do
think
it's
it's
quite
doable.
It's
completely
completely
decentralized
able
like,
for
example,
you
can
take.
Take
wind
turbines
in
remote
locations
generating
hydrogen
and
you're
piping.
The
hydrogen
to
two
other
locations
I
mean
that
that
could
be
a
pretty
benign
way
to
go
about
it
about
our
energy.
Instead
of
the
current
gas
and
oil
pipelines,
you
can
be
piping
hydrogen
as
an
energy
source
in
the
future.
A
So
you
know,
let's
talk
about
embodied
so
well,
energy
density,
just
to
get
a
feel
for
some
other
things
so
down
in
about
like
natural
gas,
jet
fuel
crude
oil.
Those
entities,
including
wood,
like
where's
wood
here,
biomass
I,
don't
see
biomass
cure
wherever
that
is,
but
we're
talking
about
for
about
40
mega
joules
per
kilogram.
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
So
you
convert
those.
If
you
divide
them,
millions
by
3600,
you're
gonna
get
how
many
kilowatt
kilowatts
you
will
get
for
that
hour.
So
what
is
that
so?
We've
got
about
43
I
mean
do
that
in
a
calculator
you
get
forty-three
million,
let's
say
40
million
40
with
six
zeros
divided
by
3600,
which
is
60
minutes
times.
60
says
that's
the
number
of
seconds
in
an
hour.
So
for
one
hour
out
of
the
kilogram
of
diesel
fuel,
you
can
get
11
thousand
watts.
So
11
kilowatts.
That's.
A
Each
kilogram
of
fuel
each
gallon
or
leader
has
a
leader
has
about
one
kilogram.
A
gallon
has
about
four
kilograms,
or
so
four
liters
one
gallon
is
about
four
the
years,
but
yeah
that's
a
lot
of
energy.
So
if
you
take
wood,
you've
got
five
thousand
watts
for
one
hour
from
one
kilogram.
That's
pretty
significant!
If
you
can
extract
all
over
this,
so
that
can
be
burned
as
heat
but
heat
engines,
internal
and
external
combustion
engines
go
up
to
like
your
30%
maximum
and
very
easily.
You
can.
C
C
C
A
Compare
hydrogen,
so
hydrogen
is
gonna,
be
at
pressure
like
in
the
high-pressure
cylinders
that
they
will
use
for
cars.
You
will
have
not
liquid,
but
hydrogen
at
690
atmosphere.
So
that's
like
10,000
psi.
That's
the
current
state
of
art
that
has
141
million
joules
per
kilogram,
so
you
got
about
three
times
as
much
so
for
any
mass
of
hydrogen.
Well,
no,
let's
talk
about
specific
well,
this
yeah!
This
is
per
kilogram,
so
this
is
specific
energy
density,
so
per
kilogram
of
hydrogen
you've
got
three
times
as
much
as
diesel
or
gasoline.
A
Well,
yes,
it
does.
So
that's
why
there
is
a
huge
case
when
you
understand
the
numbers
here,
there's
a
huge
case
for
hydrogen
energy,
because
when,
when
compressed,
you
can
store
a
lot
of
energy
in
in
it.
Your
your
gas
tank
is
gonna,
be
much
smaller
at
that
point.
So
if
you
look
at
the
table
just
that,
the
take-home
message
from
it
is
understand
the
units
of
mega
joules
or
joules
per
kilogram.
Sir
joules,
our
unit
of
energy
and
watts
are
Joule
per
second,
so
energy
set
I'm.
Sorry
energy
is
joules
watts,
which
is
power.
A
A
Well,
you
take
the
efficiency
absolutely.
So,
let's
do
a
practical,
counting
its
permit
here.
Solar
panels
are
twenty
percent
efficient
these
days,
the
ones
you
can
get
commonly
so
say
out
of
five
square
meters
of
the
Sun.
You
get
one
kilowatt
of
useful
electric
energy.
How
does
that
compare
to
the
energy
content
of
diesel?
A
Well,
we
got
one
kilowatt
in
ten
hours.
You
get
the
equivalent
of
one
kilogram
of
diesel,
so
it's
10
K
about
10
feet
a
lot
of
hours,
it's
11
feet
of
watt
hours.
If
you
talk
about
thermal
energy,
that's
the
Sun
already,
so
you
don't
have
to
take
that
20%
ratio.
So
one
square
meter
is
getting
one
kilowatt
constantly.
So
in
a
day,
let's
say
the
10
hours
or
the
11
hours
you've
got
the
11
kilowatt
hours.
That's
how
much
we
just
said.
One
kilogram
of
diesel
has
in
one
hour.
A
So
you
can
see
that
comparison.
So
solar
energy
is
not
insignificant.
It's
quite
quite
significant
and
of
course
you
got
much
more
chemicals
stored
energy
I
mean
you
can
take
that
one
kilogram
in
a
bottle
and
your
gas
tank
getting
burn
it
up
for
solar
panels.
You
would
have
to
have
a
big
array
to
trap
that
kind
of
energy,
but
when
you
get
down
to
it,
you
can
take
a
look
at
okay.
You
got
to
say
one
kilowatt
of
power
coming
from
the
Sun
and
you
got
panels
that
are
200
watt
sufficient.
A
You
can
start
looking
at
the
feasibility
of
solar
cars
if,
like,
for
example,
they
have
this
Sun
race
and
college
competitions
where
they
do
solar
cars,
they're,
doable,
I.
Think
if
we
get
super
smart
with
like
plastic
fiber
composites
with
super
lightweight
bodies,
I
think
solar
cars
could
be
feasible
in
a
certain
certain
way
for
very
light
vehicles
that
can
run
on
solar
power.
But
we
also
talked
about
how,
even
though
the
power
is
low,
power
means
how
fast
you're
doing
something.
A
B
A
Minutes:
okay,
so
we're
about
thirty
minute
mark,
so
I'll
cover
a
few
more
concepts
here.
So
an
energy
density
is
a
very
important
thing,
so
here
we
just
compared
hydrogen
say
to
wood
to
diesel.
So
the
net
present
biomass,
like
an
energy
density,
carbon
which
is
charcoal
that's
also
worth
looking
at
so,
for
example,
charcoal
or
coal
would
have
essentially
the
same
amount
of
energy.
So,
whereas
charcoal
pull
here
char
coal-
it's
not
there
but
coal-
the
coal
is
essentially
charcoal.
So
that's
got
about
20
to
30.
A
Mega
joules
per
kilogram,
so
that's
like
a
little
bit
under
gasoline
so
but
you
can
generate
charcoal
as
a
renewable
energy
source,
so
the
things
that
important
for
us
things
like
hydrogen,
the
charcoal,
biomass
and
other-
maybe
some
other
things
in
that
whole
list.
If
you
talk
about
renewable
energy,
well,
let's
talk
about
embodied
energy
because
that's
a
that's,
a
very
important
concept,
so
how
much
does
does
would
have?
How
much
does
concrete
have?
How
much
energy
do
you
need
to
use
in
order
to
produce
it?
A
That's
it
that's
a
very
important
thing
from
the
energetics
perspective,
because
energy
these
days
means
pollution
like
Anna,
post-scarcity
economy,
where
everything
is
solar
and
paid
for.
As
in
we,
we
have
enough
solar
capacity.
Now
we
never
ever
have
to
burn
any
more
fossil
fuels
to
get
the
extra
energy,
because
we've
produced
the
solar
panels
and
that
kind
of
a
scenario.
C
A
Possible,
but
the
point
is
at
all
times:
okay,
just
because
we
have
free
energy,
it
doesn't
mean
we
should
waste
it,
because
it's
always
always
using
things
wisely
is
how
you
get
yourself
out
of
trouble,
but
a
point
point
being
about
embodied
energy.
Currently,
energy
that
is
used
to
produce
things
is
a
company
with
some
pollution
and
negative
side
effects
like
resource
extraction.
A
Concrete
and
steel
make
a
lot
of
sense
and
let's
salute
let's
compare
concrete
know
for
the
amount
of
like
for
the
longevity
of
that
material
versus
how
much
embodied
energy
it
has
like
how
much
energy
to
take
to
harvest
it
and
to
get
it
to
for
you
to
use
it.
So
take
a
look
at
that
like,
for
example,
concrete
has
one
mega
Joule
per
kilogram,
in
other
words,
to
produce
that's
concrete,
not
cement.
Let
this
amount
there
to
the
cement
would
be
just
a
plain
cement
without
the
aggregate
mixed
in
there.
C
A
So
to
produce
one
one
kilogram
of
concrete
you
need.
We
said
that
diesel
had
or
let's
take
wood
diesel
like
how
much
how
much
gasoline
is
one
one
kilogram
of
concrete.
If
it's
one,
that's
about
a
fortieth,
so
140th
of
a
kilogram,
so
you're
looking
at
a
piece
of
concrete,
that's
God,
like
you
poured
of
you,
know
like
a
few
drops
like
one
forty
five,
a
kilogram
it'd
be
like
a
teaspoon
or
a
couple
of
teaspoons
or
something
you
teaspoons
or
tablespoons.
However
much
that
is
so
that's
concrete.
A
A
Timber
8.5,
so
timber
is
about
one-third
that
of
Steel.
Now
this
is
assuming
that
you've
got
clear,
cutting
in
Canada
and
a
lot
of
transport
and
so
forth
to
the
world.
So
possibly
the
timber
equation
for
locally
produced
wood.
It
would
be
much
better,
but,
as
you
see,
man
build
that
thing
out
of
concrete,
not
timber.
A
This
is
no
doesn't.
This
is
just
the
extraction
energy
embodied
energy,
so
no
I,
don't
think
they
consider
that
that's
not
what
the
embodied
energy
is.
It's
like,
if
you
find
it
in
nature,
that's
it's
assuming
that's
already
there.
So,
in
other
words,
like
the
amount
of
energy
like
with
those
the
heavy
equipment,
that's
out
there
to
get
out
there
to
make
the
roads,
bulldozers
saws
and
a
transport
and
the
sawmilling
gets
pretty
intense,
but
I
bet
you.
It
I
mean
I'm
sure
you
can
do
much
better
than
that.
A
If
you
do
local
production
of
wood,
especially
say
your
I,
don't
know
you
run
in
a
solar
tractor.
Well,
I
mean
still
using
that
energy,
but
it's
clean
energy,
so
it
would
be
much
better.
So
there
probably
is
a
good
case,
but
what's
wrong
with
concrete
there's
nothing
wrong
with
concrete
concrete
is
a
renewable
resource
when
I
thought
about
it.
Second,
so
first
I
was
living
in
my
mud,
hut
and
I
thought
concrete
was
evil,
but
concrete
has
gotten
from
from
rocks.
A
So
you
burn
rocks
you
get
caught
you
get
cement,
then
then
the
carbon
dioxide
that
you
burned
off
is
absorbed
back
by
the
cement
and
it's
a
carbon
neutral
cycle.
So
it's
not
too
bad,
but
it
is
bad
if
you,
if
you're,
releasing
all
those
fossil
fuels
to
make
its,
but
but
then
solar
concrete
would
be
awesome.
So
regenerative
concrete.
Where
say
you
got
solar
energy,
producing
your
concrete
that'll
be
great.
So
let's
look
at
Stoller
concrete
on
the
wiki,
because
I
took
a
look
at
that.
How
much
pv
would
we
need
to
do
that.
A
A
A
A
It's
not
a
mistake.
They're,
not
60
kilowatt,
we're
talking
about
60
kilo,
two-hour
kilowatt
hours
from
a
10
kilowatt
array.
Sorry,
let
me
correct
that
right
now,
60
kilowatt
hours,
in
other
words
a
10
kilowatt
array,
something
three
times
the
size
of
what
we
have
on
the
CD
go
home.
It
gets
us
36
kilograms
of
cement.
It's
not
bad
for
solar,
concrete
and,
of
course,
that's
going
to
be
in
this
within
the
system.
A
It's
going
to
be
more
expensive
to
do
that,
but
our
cost
for
our
PV
there
installed
is
1.5
cents
per
kilowatt
hours,
so
we're
actually
I
think
there's
a
case
for
completely
economically
feasible
solar,
concrete
production.
So
let's
do
it
we're
going
to
do
this
here,
because
I
just
think
it
makes
sense
and
we'll
go
more
through
the
numbers,
but
the
baseline.
Is
you
got
a
solar
panel
array?
A
We've
got
industrial
production
like
you
know,
running
the
workshop
with
it's
a
we
get
a
a
workshop
with
panels
on
top
like
I'm
thinking
for
a
whole
village
or
campus
probably
have
like
a
hundred
kilowatts
of
solar,
maybe
200
kilowatts.
So
if
you
say
you've
dedicate
one
day
to
concrete
production,
you
got
to
do
and
you
build
a
new
building.
It's
actually
doable
so
that
energy
balance
kind
of
comes
up.
So
it's
pretty
interesting.
A
Look
at
the
numbers
under
solar,
concrete
when
you
understand
the
concept
of
energy
and
the
power
with
a
baseline
of
a
kilowatt
per
square
meter
coming
from
the
Sun,
and
also
with
the
efficiency
of
PV
being
about
20%,
you
can
see
how
much
area
and
how
much
solar
concrete
you
can
make
for
that
area
of
usage.
Interesting
experiment
just
think
about
it,
and
maybe
you
get
inspired
by
it.
A
So
steel
is
about
20
mega
joules
per
kilogram.
So
that's
kind
of
important
to
know
like
basically
what's
about
40
rock
wool:
flax
insulation,
Cork,
insulation,
glass,
fiber
insulation.
So
when
you
talk
about
these,
these
energy
intensive
materials,
you
can
kind
of
think
about
it.
Heuristic
aliy
you're,
saying
okay,
I
got
a
kilogram
of
fuel;
I
get
a
kilogram
of
material
so
next
time
you
think
about
these
materials
like
say:
that's
like
10
kilograms.
Well,
that's
like
10
kilograms
of
gasoline
like
this.
This
overhead
display
/
this
LCD
screen.
C
A
C
A
Times
more,
it's
2
mega
joules
per
kilogram
versus
concrete
1
mega
Joule
per
kilogram,
but
concrete
we're
talking
about
the
mix
where
it's
cement
with
the
aggregate
so
anyway,
okay,
so
moving
on.
Let's
almost
start
wrapping
up
here,
specific
energy
is
that
per
firm
mass.
So
when
we
talk
about
energy
density,
we're
talking
about
per
kilogram
have
to
be
careful
whether
you're
talking
about
per
mole,
which
is
that
per
number
of
molecules,
whether
you're
talking
about
per
volume
or
volumetric
energy
density
or
specific,
which
is
per
weight.
A
A
Okay,
you
probably
have
to
compress
that,
in
order
to
make
it
practical
for
you
to
drive
a
car
with
it
now
one
thing
about
hydrogen
people
all
talk
about
fuel
cells
to
make
it
efficient,
but
we
can
make
a
case
that
if
you
decrease
the
cost
of
production
of
hydrogen,
you
can
burn
it
in
regular
in
the
internal
combustion
engines
too,
to
have
a
clean,
clean
fuel.
So
if
you
can
get
right
now,
people
don't
do
that
because
it's
it's
too
expensive.
A
You
wouldn't
compete
with
gasoline,
but
if
you're
you
have
different
assumptions
like
ecological
integrity
and
other
factors
like
this
decentralization
or
distribution
of
wealth
and
then
using
hydrogen
will
make
a
lot
of
sense
and
that
will
come
from
forward-looking
entrepreneurs
who
do
that
less
from
ExxonMobil
right
now,
fuel
is
getting
decarbonized.
So
we're
going
more
towards
things
that
have
less
carbon
like
hydrogen,
so
power,
then
then
you
have
power
density
like
if
you
have
power,
that's
the
amount
of
energy
you're.
A
Using
for
time
now,
when
you
talk
about
devices
that
convert
like
motors,
how
much
power
can
they
use
provo
big?
Are
they
to
handle
a
certain
power?
That's
called
power
density,
so
that
means
power
per
volume.
So,
for
example,
a
hydraulic
pump
is
extremely
power.
Dense,
it
handles,
say,
20
to
40
horsepower
in
like
a
couple
of
kilogram
package,
a
an
electric
motor,
that's
equivalent,
that's
to
20
or
40
horsepower
would
be
hundreds
of
kilograms.
So
it's
not
as
energy
dense
as
hydraulics,
so
hydrolyse
have
the
highest
highest
energy
density.
A
Electric
motors
are
second
and
then
combustion
engines
follow
that
so
just
for
reference.
So
here
we're
talking
about
how
much
mass
is
required
to
handle
a
certain
power.
Hydraulics
are
the
winner
and
for
which
reason
they're
very
popular
and
heavy
equipment,
because
they're
small
and
provides
you
huge
bang
of
power
units
I
won't
get
into
that.
There's
too
much
detail
that
the
biggest
thing
about
units
is
that
people
came
up
with
so
many
different
kinds
of
units
like
herbs.
A
Watts
I
mean
there's
so
many
different
units
and
a
lot
of
times.
People
don't
agree
on
on
how
to
to
communicate
them.
Like
sometimes
people
may
yeah,
like
BTU
for
energy
content.
Sometimes
people
say
people
will
confuse
things
like
kilowatt
hours
with
kilowatts,
where
one
is
used
for
energy.
One
is
for
power
a
lot
of
times.
A
People
like
will
for
torque,
they
will
say
pounds
of
torque
its
pounds
like
and
people
yes,
we'd
like
for
torques
like
inch
pounds,
foot-pounds
kilogram
meters,
Newton
meters,
there's
like
20
of
them
and
you
have
to
convert
so
you
kind
of
you
have
to
bite
the
bullet
somehow
and
say:
okay,
I'm
gonna
use
one,
that's
convenient
for
me.
There's
there's
many
of
them.
Psi
is
very
common.
I
mean
that
we're
just
using
psi
here.
A
So
that's
the
only
thing
I
will
say
about
units
it
there
Harry.
How
do
you
measure
units
for
us
relevant
in
a
shop
are
tapes
on
the
millimeter
scale
like
tape
measure
dial
indicators
are
very
important
for
us,
which
measure
thousands
of
inch
or
like
tens
of
microns.
If
you
go
down
to
nano
scale,
you've
got
glass
yeah.
How
do
you
do
that?
That's
waves,
that's
optical
right!.
A
Counts
the
number
of
lines
for
digital
readouts
is
that
what
is
then
you
get
interferometry
interferometers,
which
means
that
at
the
nano
scale,
only
things
that
are
that
smaller
light
waves
or
energy
waves,
so
you're
now
measuring
how
waves
interfere,
how
they
bounce
back
from
a
surface.
So
you
can
have
a
like
a
laser,
a
common
thing
as
a
laser
disc
based
distance
meter,
which
actually
counts
the
number
of
waves
from
a
certain
surface.
So
that's
kind
of
beyond
our
scale
because
we're
not
at
nano
scale
but
dial
indicators.
A
What's
a
dial
indicator,
it's
a
device
that
looks
like
this.
It's
a
precision
very
precision
thing
that
it
has
a
little
indent
able
structure
there,
a
little
poker
that
the
distance
you
poke
it.
That
makes
it
show
up
on
a
dial,
and
these
things
are
accurate.
You
can
clearly
see
like
1,000
resolutions,
so
that's
pretty
much
as
crazy
as
we
get
currently
to
get
precision
machining
happening,
but
beyond
that
I
don't
know
yet.
A
What's
what
happens
like
if
you
go
to
to
measuring
microns
when
you
do
air
bearings
like
how
do
you
measure
that
that
gets
to
the
next
realm
of
technology
typical
values?
It's
useful
to
know
certain
values
of
when
you
use
tools
practically
like
values
of
like
rpms,
come
come
to
mind
like
how
fast
does
the
wheel
have
to
spin
to
get
you
a
certain
speed?
How
fast
does
an
engine
spin?
A
That
number
is
typically
about
3,600
or
60
Hertz,
which
is
60
revolutions
per
second
or
thirty
thousand
thirty,
six
hundred
per
minute
or
revolutions
per
minute?
So
when
you
talk
about
engines
and
motors
you're,
talking
about
the
thousands
of
revolutions
per
minute
scale,
for
example,
for
the
cordless
drill
that
will
design
it'll
be
between
zero
and
say
a
thousand
or
two
thousand
rpm
or
such
what
does
a
table
saw.
A
A
Well,
that's
3600,
rpm,
a
wheel
on
a
car
that
maybe
like
500
rpm,
a
slow-moving
tractor
that
maybe
like
10
rpm
or
something
so
those
numbers
you
have
to
know,
because
when
you
buy
a
hydraulic
motor,
you
look
at
its
rpms
like
it
might
be
for
a
wheel,
hydraulic
motor.
The
max
rpm
may
be
like
150,
which
gets
you
to
like
1020
miles
per
hour
and
in
the
common
situation.
A
What
about
voltages
literacy
in
voltages?
What
kind
of
voltages
are
relevant
relevant
is
quantities
like
48
volts,
which,
above
that,
it's
not
safe
to
touch
so
anything
below
48
is
relatively
safe.
What's
the
basic
unit
of
voltage
voltage
comes
from
electrons,
so
the
particles
called
electrons.
That's
what
creates
voltage
when
you,
when
you
have
voltage
of
the
basic
level
of
the
chemical
reaction
level,
that's
on
a
unit
scale
of
like
1,
2
or
3,
or
so
electron,
volt
Matthew.
C
A
B
C
B
B
A
Will
determine
how
many
amps
you're
going
to
Center
something
so
you
can
get
into
like
milling
speeds
like
how
fast
does
a
bit
have
to
spin
like,
for
example,
the
other
day
we
mentioned
that
steel
is
50,000,
psi
and
you're,
taking
taking
off
at
1,000,
rpm
or
and
one
at
1,000
rpm.
If
that's
the
spinning
rate
you're
taking
off,
we
did
a
experiment
of
saying
that.
Oh
you
have
50
pounds.
A
If
you
do,
if
you
move
over
one
thousandth
I'm
losing
my
train
of
thought
on
that,
but
but
basically
in
milling,
depending
on
the
speed
that
you
have
you
pending
the
speed
you'll,
be
that's
a
combination
of
speed
and
distance
of
with
which
you're
going
through
material.
You
will
be
able
to
calculate
how
much
force
is
required
to
do
that,
based
on
how
big
chunks
you're
taking
off
the
off
the
material.
That's
a
very
basic
concept.
A
Obviously,
if
you're
going
fast,
then
a
drill
bit
or
a
milling
bit
with
a
certain
speed
will
take
larger
chunks.
But
you
can,
if
you
increase
the
speed
of
that
bit,
it'll
take
smaller
chunks
and
you
will
be
able
to
to
use
less
force
to
do
that.
Machining.
However,
the
power
will
increase
there.
The
power
requirement,
because
moving
faster
means
using
more
power,
because
power
is
energy
over
time,
how
much
energy
you're
putting
into
that
over
time.
So
you
kind
of
have
to
get
a
handle
of
all
these
quantities.
A
Yeah
there's
a
lot
of
different
things
we
can
talk
about
here
in
terms
of
forest
power
units
are
but
understanding.
The
quantities
like
looking
into
forces
that
come
from
I
mean
there's
forces
that
come
from
from
just
about
everything
like
like
electricity
will
have
forces
associated
with
it
when
it
interacts
with
other
particles
like
magnetism
electricity
that
creates
forces,
gravity,
creates
forces.
There's
pressure,
forces
pressure,
there's
thermal
thermal
forces
like
the
velocity
of
particles.
A
A
What
else
is
there
an
electrical
charge
because
that
gets
into
electrical
forces
and
then
nuclear
charges
when
you
get
into
nuclear
energy?
So
so
out
of,
like
five
super
fundamental
quantities,
you
get
all
these
different
pressures
magnetic
forces.
Electrical
forces,
speeds,
velocities,
powers,
time,
distance
mass,
that's
primarily
what
we're
interested
in
mechanics
and
when
you
talk
about
electric
quantities,
then
you
also
talk
about
charges
and
voltages
and
magnetic
fields,
but
there's
only
so
many
quantities.
A
So
if
you
think
about
this
to
wrap
your
head
around
all
the
different
quantities
that
are
out
there,
you
have
to
think
about.
Okay,
there's
ultimately
like
what's
the
reality
underneath
it
it's
matter
its
time
its
distance
and
account
in
the
combinations
of
those
four
mechanics.
Get
you
all
the
other
properties
that
we
just
talked
about,
there's
particular
equations
that
are
associated
with
the
other
quantities,
but
for
a
general
overview
of
this
I
know.
I
can
do
much
better
on
this
lesson,
but
that's
that's
a
general
overview
on
force,
power
and
energy.
A
Good
thing
to
do
is
like
when
you
have
a
question
like
Google,
really
works.
Well
like
how
do
you
measure
the
force
that
of
a
hammer?
How
do
you
measure
the
energy
that
a
car
requires?
I
mean
all
this
kind
of
stuff
you
just
have
to
you?
Can
google
it
and
start
thinking,
but
I
think
that
one
of
the
most
useful
tools
is
just
thinking
about
what
are
the
quantities
there
and
trying
to
approach
it
from
a
fundamental
perspective?
Because
then
you
can
have
insights
like
what
the
only
thing
I
can
encourage.
A
You
is
to
give
the
insights
of
understanding
the
quantities
like
embodied
energy,
but
once
again
take
embodied
energy.
That's
that's
still
volumes
so
distances
like
mass
like
mass
times.
Acceleration
is
forces,
so
it's
always
masses
times
and
distances.
So
we
have
this
embodied
energy
or
like,
for
example,
if
we
ask
ourselves
and
we
store
hydrogen
to
run
cars,
or
can
we
do
gravity
storage
on
our
site
to
provide
electrical
power
at
night?
It's
all
quantities
of
mass
time
and
distance.
A
So
if
you
can
get
your
head
around
that,
you
can
get
into
the
more
specifics,
but
from
the
most
generalist
perspective,
it's
all
there
is
like
if
you
want
to
calculate
whether
your
pond
is
feasible
on
that
on
your
land,
it's
mass
distance
and
time.
You
want
to
figure
out
what
kind
of
hydraulic
motor
you
need.
Fundamentally,
it's
mass
distance
and
time
so
you
have
to
be
able
to
kind
of
understand
is
very
fundamental
level
because
all
the
different
units
and
quantities
derived
from
those
fundamental
properties,
so
sleep
on
that
and
get
insights
to
that.
A
And
then
you
can
start
proposing
things
cuz,
because
I
guess
the
big
thing
in
a
mainstream
system.
You
only
get
exposed
to
the
things
that
everyone's
talking
about,
but
once
you
start
thinking
about
these
things,
you
get
to
understanding
that
wait,
a
minute.
There's
this
other
possibility
and
then
there's
this
other
possibility.
So
it's
very
important
to
understand
this
because
it
leads
to
new
options
and
that's
the
general
theme
of
what
we
we
do
here.
A
Oh
yeah
write
down
the
book,
so
the
question
on
the
book
that
I
quoted
the
the
book
you
have
to
read
to
get
further
insight
into
this
is
by
Amory
Lovins
soft
energy
paths.
This
was
written
decades
ago,
but
it
pretty
much
lays
out
the
case
for
what
sustainable
energy
would
look
like
and
I
think
it's
quite
relevant
today,
Amory
Lovins
as
I
typed
it
in.
C
A
Amory
Lovins
consults
to
governments
and
at
a
big
scale,
but
you
know
he's
taught
he's
pretty
much
laid
it
out
like
renewable
energy.
Is
it
and
a
lot
of
people
are
starting
to
listen
to
him,
but
it's
about
efficiency.
He
has
a
big
case
for
efficiency,
because
if
you
don't
use
it,
you
have
more
and
we
can
be
way
more
efficient
on
things
that
we
do
so
that
the.
A
Say
that
we're
gonna
end
up
with
the
hydrogen
economy
and
and
tasks
done
I
mean
by
that,
is
that
you
can
generate
hydrogen
from
water
using
renewable
energies.
A
lot
of
people
think
that
we
can't
store
it,
but
using
today's
technology
we
already
can
store
hydrogen.
So
what
you
just
asked
is:
how
do
you
store
stuff?
You
store?
Well,
people
think
that
it's
batteries
that
are
needed
to
store
things.
No
batteries
are
not
sustainable.
A
According
to
current
technology,
lithium
at
current
rates
of
use
has
200
years,
and
if
the
electric
cars
really
take
off,
it's
gonna
be
decades
before
all
the
lithium
runs
out
from
it
and
we
destroy
all
this
land
for
mining
it.
So
why
not
use
common
widely
abundant
resources
like
water
to
do
the
same
job
stored
energy
in
the
form
of
hydrogen?
So
you
get
hydrogen
and
oxygen
the
oxygen
you
used
for
process
gases
like
like
cutting
oxygen
for
torch
tables
or
many
other
industrial
processes
and
hydrogen
use
as
an
energy
source.
B
B
C
B
A
You've
got
wind
power
or
solar
power
in
in
a
small
subsection
of
the
Sahara
that
provides
all
the
power
for
the
world.
That's
all
that's
needed.
Just
a
small
section
of
the
Sahara.
You
generate
hydrogen,
you
pipe
it
through
pipelines
like
you
have
pipelines
for
oil
and
gas,
and
you
deliver
that
to
everybody.
How
do
you
use
it?
The
easiest
ways
to
use
it
is
to
take
an
internal
combustion
engine
or
a
jet
turbine.
A
It's
pretty
much
regular.
It
has
to
be
hardened
like
for
hard,
because
hydrogen
does
hydrogen
embrittlement
over
time,
and
so
you
might
have
to
replace
some
of
the
components
so
that
they
don't
get
this
hydrogen
embrittlement.
Embrittlement
is
a
real
thing
when
hydrogen
goes
into
such
a
small
molecule.
Where
that
one
goes
when
it
goes
into
steel,
it
weakens
it.
So
you
have
to
use
more
advancement
or
ceramic
parts
or
something
else,
so
so
you're
burning
hydrogen
and
something
as
simple
as
an
engine
and
then
you're
use.
A
C
A
B
A
To
solar
hydrogen
chronicles,
the
website
is:
H
ion
IO
n,
solar
comm,
there's
a
download
on
the
front
page
solar
hydrogen,
chronicles
that
tells
you
how
to
produce
it,
how
to
store
it,
how
to
use
it
and
it's
the
guy's,
relatively
open-source
I
want
to
get
him
for
a
workshop,
so
he
can
build
one
of
these
things.
'as
I've
been
out
there
to
visit
him
great
guy.
He
meditates
he's
on
a
different
wavelength,
he's
an
engineer.
C
B
A
California
yeah,
but
that's
that
to
me
is
a
pretty
seminal
book.
I
would
say
it's
it's.
A
very
practical
guide
show
some
of
the
projects
that
have
happened,
the
work
they
did
completely
feasible.
It's
just
I
think
it's
more
about
human
consciousness
time
to
wake
up
too
many
people
don't
know
about
this
people,
Oh
Matthew.
A
Was
a
case
for
that,
probably
maybe,
if
it's
small
devices,
and
maybe
when
we
come
up
with
better
kinds
of
batteries
for
the
global
village,
Construction
Set,
we
have
the
nickel
iron
badr
battery
in
this
set,
because
that's
a
battery
that
pretty
much
lives
forever.
The
Edison
battery
do
pretty
much
develop
first
bite,
Thomas
Edison.
There's
batteries
like
that
that
if
you
unearthed
it
from
somewhere
some
people
that
bought
that
you
unearthed
it
and
like
use
it
right
now
will
be
like
a
hundred
percent.
It's.
A
So
DC
batteries
are
DC,
so
nickel
iron
is
good.
There's
always
advancements
in
materials
where
you
have
like
carbon
nanotubes
or
whatever,
like
whatever,
like
your
advanced
material
science
at
the
level
where
you're
actually
manipulating
atoms
of
the
atomic
level,
which
is
gonna
happen
pretty
soon,
you
can
come
up
with
all
the
kinds
of
different
chemistry's
of
batteries,
so
probably
in
the
future,
we
might
come
up
with
something
that's
probably
safer
than
lithium
or
less
scarce
than
lithium.
A
C
A
It's
that,
but
they
have
new
ones
that
are
actually
very
competitive.
So
that's
when
you
get
into
the
more
the
modern
version
of
the
nickel
iron
battery,
but
no
one's
developed,
a
modern
version
of
the
nickel
ion
battery
since
Edison
took
it.
So
that's
definitely
a
point
of
development.
To
do
ya
know
it's
solar,
solar,
few,
solar
hydrogen!
That's
what,
for
example,
Amerie
Lovins
proposes
and
to
me
he's
the
seminal
figure
in
the
field
of
energy.
A
If
you're
paying
attention
to
energy
you're
following
a
marine
Lovins
I
mean
he's
laid
it
all
out,
but
just
nobody
knows
about
it.
People
don't
listen
to
it
in
their
special
interests
that
aren't
interested
in
listening.
So
we
have
to
wake
up
to
the
opportunities
yeah,
but
definitely
very
exciting.
I
mean
this
is
I'm.
That's
why
I
like
okay,
getting
the
enterprise
up
and
running
here,
then
we
can
do
all
this
stuff
and
build
that
into
the
global,
open
source,
village
infrastructure.