►
Description
See notes at https://wiki.opensourceecology.org/wiki/OSE_Machine_Design_Guide
-----------------
What you see here at Open Source Ecology is an ambitious open source project for the common good. Join our development team:
http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/OSE_Developers
We run One Day Extreme Build workshops in many locations. Please put yourself on our map if you'd like us to host a workshop near you:
https://microfactory.opensourceecology.org/request-a-workshop/
Take a minute to subscribe to our email newsletter (updates, workshops, etc): http://bit.ly/1LtcM44
A
Okay,
so
everybody
please
go
to
once
again
the
OSE
machine
design
guide,
wiki
page
you'd
like
to
follow
William
is
gonna
post
this
on
over
up
on
top
on
the
screen
behind
me,
I'm
gonna
go
through
the
documents,
so
people
can
follow
the
document.
There's
links
in
a
document
that
are
useful,
so
we
can
view
those
as
well.
B
C
D
E
F
H
G
I
E
J
I
I
J
E
J
E
E
L
E
Wanted
to
just
consult
a
little
about
some
of
the
reflection
and
feedback
from
last
night
and
a
few
actions
that
were
taken
as
a
result.
So,
as
Marcin
was
alluding,
the
preparation
from
the
workshop
was
not
a
hundred
percent
complete
before
the
workshop
started.
So
the
when
we
consulted
and
made
the
plan
was
to
have
all
of
those
things
in
place,
the
parts,
the
process
and
all
of
these
things
they're
not
there.
E
So
the
last
two
days
we
got
an
experience
of
say
that
history
of
manufacturing
and
say
how
did
they
do
things
before
Henry
Ford?
Well,
how
we're
doing
yesterday,
it's
like
organized
chaos
or
disorganized
chaos
or
whatever
it
was
so
we
got
some
progress
and
a
lot
of
people
went
through
the
very
challenging
sort
of
experience
or
putting
something
together
and
realizing.
Oh,
that's!
Not
exactly
the
right
length
from
the
bolita
part
we're.
E
With
every
database
up
to
the
part
about,
and
then
you
put
it
back
together
and
all
the
folders
in
there
all
orientations
for
now,
it's
okay,
but
later
you'll
find
it
makes
it
along
next
year.
If
we
don't
have
the
motors
in
the
right
orientation,
so
we've
gone
through
that,
and
so
now,
let's
reflect
what
made
the
American
economy
just
zip.
E
Along
like
hundred
years
ago,
there
was
the
invention
of
the
assembly
line
and
then
what
is
making
companies
really
successful
these
days,
the
ability
to
distribute
decision-making
power
right
down
to
the
front
lines
so
that
distinguishes
an
excellent
company
from
one
that's
just
gonna
just
follow
along
toyota
is
a
good
example.
If
you're
in
a
toyota,
you
are
making
decisions
that
are
key
to
the
company.
E
At
the
end
of
the
day,
we
left
it
go
to
a
cycle
of
learning
and
then
reflect
on
it
and
individuals
are
empowered
to
work
in
it
becomes
like
the
fingers
of
one
hand.
That's
what
I
like
using
my
classroom.
We
are
one
hand,
but
each
finger
has
a
different
role.
So,
but
the
thing
with
your
hand,
you
can't
switch
your
thumb
to
your
index
and
so
on,
but
in
18
you
can
do
that.
E
You
can
beat
the
thumb
one
day
and
then
you
the
next
day
and
there's
no
glory
in
being
the
pump
thumb
or
the
pinkie.
The
glory
is
that
the
hand
works
in
a
coordinated
fashion,
and
so,
if
you
organize
your
company,
like
that,
even
being
a
CEO,
it's
not
a
special
thing.
It's
just
a
certain
role:
the
CEO
has
decision-making
power
about
how
we
interact
with
other
companies
and
how
we
make
the
biggest
financial
decisions.
E
That's
it,
but
the
CEO
and
advantage
company
cannot
tell
the
frontline
worker
to
use
the
green
screwdriver
instead
of
the
red
one,
because
they
know
the
green
one
is
slightly
more
efficient
for
some
reason,
and
so,
but
in
a
lot
of
companies,
I
like
red,
he's
the
red
one.
You
get
part
of
stuff
like
that
home
now.
So
if
we
think
of
the
process
that
we're
doing
like
that
and
think
of
how
we
can
organize
ourselves
today,
we
can
make
a
little
bit
more
efficient
process
to
finish
the
pigeons
hi
John.
E
Are
you
suggesting
we
created
assembly
line
yeah
we
actually
partially,
if
that
last
night,
just
by
cleaning
up,
we
hadn't
created
it
yet,
but
we've
created
the
suggestion
and
we
wanted
to
improve,
involve
the
groups
feedback
like
we
could
very
much
today
just
go
down
and
do
the
same
things
that
you're
going
to
find
where
the
screwdrivers
are
cos
all
in
one
pot.
So.
D
E
E
E
E
M
F
They
didn't
have
a
wiki
and
you
guys
are
welcome
to
look
this
over
I.
Don't
know
if
I'm
making
one
sense
I
can
explain
it
if
you
want
me
to,
but
what
I
think
I
identified
that
we
need
to
decide
on
as
a
group
is
exactly
what
John
brought
up,
which
is
what
is
the
scope
that
we're
trying
to
achieve
here?
F
Are
we
looking
for
an
experience
of
a
two
team
member
of
her
sub
2
team
member
group
walking
through
an
entire,
build
and
we're
less
concerned
about
you
know
being
done
in
four
days
with
seven
burners,
you
know
that's
what
we're
kind
of
what
we're
trying
to
balance
is.
That
is
that
you
know
effectively
yeah
we're
trying
to
balance.
You
know
that
learning
experience
with
accomplishing
a
tangible
material
goal
and
I
think
there's
a
lot
of
ways
to
approach
that
it's
not
just
we
can
go
back
down
and
have
chaos.
F
N
F
F
That
part,
I
think
that
you
only
want
to
have
a
simple
that
one
piece
and
then
the
printer
moves
along
and
you
stay
at
that
station
and
you
develop
an
expertise
which,
which
creates
an
efficiency
for
assembling
that
part
and
what
William
brought
up
last
night
is
that
you
can
can
we
can
develop
documentation,
and
so
you
become
an
expert
in
that
one
assembly
technique
and
you
can
develop
the
documentation
with
that
and
then
make
that
available
to
everyone
else.
You
take
notes
and
then
disseminate
that
knowledge.
F
You
don't
have
the
hands-on
tangible
experience,
but
you
do
learn
from
everybody
else
and
and
I'm
nothing.
That's
the
right
way
to
go.
I'm
just
elaborating
on
the
trade-offs
that
you
made.
Do
it.
N
F
F
L
Has
a
range
of
vendors
from
zero
to
100%
and
then
gradually
with
the
process,
and
it's
so
difficult
to
get
that
going
this
operator.
But
if
I
guess
we
do
have
a
ranch
already,
but
as
you
kept
talking
it,
it
sounded
complicated
like
it's
really
hard
to
manage
and
I
would
probably
be
continually
losing
fact
of
where
I
was
in
the
process
and
what's
up
with
this
printer
and
etc.
E
They're,
based
on
the
ideas
presented
so
far,
because
some
people
would
like
to
have
the
experience
of
building
a
whole
printer
and
some
people
would
like
to
see
the
organization
the
instruction
sets
and
just
the
overall
picture
completed.
So
one
thing
that
comes
to
mind
to
satisfy
both
of
those
perspectives.
Imagine
we
were
to
take
seven
printers
and
assign
each
one
to
an
individual.
So
well,
there's
one
individual
for
each
printer
and
they
start
at
the
start
of
the
assembly
line.
E
So
then
those
who
really
want
to
get
the
whole
process
are
going
to
see
their
printer
through
the
whole
process.
Then
we
have
seven
other
people
at
say:
seven
stages,
one
is
on
the
frame,
then
the
X,
the
Y
Zed
and
then
the
electronics
board
and
the
extruder.
So
that's
something
like
six
or
seven,
and
maybe
the
seventh
is
let's
test
it
or
something.
K
K
E
M
K
B
K
E
K
O
K
E
E
Think
we
can
achieve
that.
The
way
that
we
can
do
that
like
if
you
just
allow
every
hour,
seven
individuals
to
have
one
printer
and
there
are
seven
individuals
at
one
station.
So
each
member
of
the
station
becomes
an
expert
in
that
process
and
provides
the
directions,
the
tricks,
the
instructions
to
those
seven
people
who
proceed
in
order
through
the
stations.
So
maybe
you
will
take
your
printer
and
go
through
and
as
you
go
to
each
station,
you're
going
to
build
it
with
the
help
and
instruction
of
the
station
master.
K
E
N
E
G
K
K
E
By
the
time
we
go
through
the
seventh,
it's
gonna
sweep
through
quickly
that's
the
proposal
and
then
each
station
master
to
speed
it
up,
though
we
spend
some
time
carefully
planning
and
have
each
station
master
have
a
discussion
with
marchin
about
what
is
going
on
with
this.
What
do
we
need
to
remember
and
we
generate
a
basic
plan
to
begin
with,
so
if
we
do
it
carefully
and
we
don't
try
to
hurry,
I
think
we
can
make
it
more
efficient
and
at
the
end
we
come
up
with
a
set
of
instructions
for
everyone.
N
A
Date
day,
three,
so
basically,
we
passed
halfway
point
on
a
3d
printer,
so
we're
allowing
the
four
days
first,
four
days
once
again
with
the
idea
that,
depending
those
printers
working,
then
we
can
build
parts
for
the
large
machine.
Otherwise
we
would
be
reduced
only
to
the
one
inch
Universal
axis,
for
which
we
already
have
parts
by,
for
example,
stripping
that
torch
table
that
we
already
have
with
the
one
inch
Universal
axis
yeah.
B
G
M
L
F
F
You
know
find
some
more
tools
that
I
assume
are
laying
around
here
and
there's
a
whole
workshop,
a
couple
of
workshops
of
digging
and
you
know,
find
the
right
amount
of
tools
so
that
we're
not
spending
a
lot
of
time,
watering
or
I'm
looking
for
stuff
and
have
okay.
These
parts
are
located
here
and
we
kind
of
took
that
initiative
last
night
to
go
ahead
and
organize
everything,
but
but
to
extend
that
organization.
M
K
F
K
N
N
N
F
A
F
N
O
C
C
M
N
I
M
I
I
I
L
A
number
of
these
pieces
that
we're
using
were
designed
for
prototyping.
They
have
a
bunch
of
interchangeable
holes
that
can
be
configured
in
a
variety
of
different
ways
and
which
doesn't
necessarily
match
up
with
the
idea
of
having
a
pre
pre
thick
blueprint.
That
is
only
designed
to
go
together.
One
way
like
like
an
eye
hit.
L
F
C
B
I
F
F
M
M
F
You
know
to
have
the
you
know:
yeah,
we
don't
plan
said,
but
he's
making
the
best
of
what
we've
got
and
he's
really
excited
about
it
and
it's
more
about
the
experience
and
yeah.
So
what
you
take
it
apart,
five
times
what
what
and
that's
and
that's
what
came
back
to
the
scope
and
that's
why
I
started
there,
because
what
are
we
trying
to
get
out
of
the
experience
of
taking
apart?
Put
it
back
together
five
times
and
really.
F
F
F
So
then,
so
is
it?
Is
it
more
about
the
experience
that
we
want
some
back
hybrid
there?
You
want
some
instruction,
so
we
can
still
make
mistakes
and
it
also
came
up
talking
about
what
what
kind
of
additional
modifications
can
be
made.
I
think
you
know
putting
you
know
some
kind
of
identifier
on
it.
You
know
things
that
you
can
identify.
You
know.
Where
are
we
spending
our
time.
M
D
We
use
like
we
kind
of
use
that
you
know
a
traffic
on
balance,
so
what
we
did
is
we
did
to
test
groups,
so
we
did
one
side
of
3d
printer,
so
you
guys
trying
to
assembly
line
thing
the
other
side.
We
just
worked
on
our
machines
that
we
see
at
the
end
of
it,
which
the
machines
are
the
most
quality,
and
then
we
also
you
think,
any
consideration.
How
fast,
how
much
ever
each
person
I
used
to
think
that.
F
F
But
I
think
that
that
metric
you're
missing
the
experience
metric
you're,
not
measuring
that
and
I,
don't
know.
If
that's
a
measurable
thing.
You
said
you
know:
what's
the
quality,
that's
a
major
whole
thing
and
you
said
how
much
time
that's
a
measurable
thing,
but
you're
you're
you're
missing
the
experience
element.
What
explain
people
holding.
N
F
That's
a
great
point,
because
it's
where
do
you
want
to
spend
your
time
you
know:
do
you
want
to
spend
your
time
taking
this
thing
apart
and
putting
that
together
five
times?
That's
why
and
you
know
commissioning
and
making
the
same
mistakes
because
you're
inexperienced
taking
the
apart,
but
even
entertaining
that
experience,
but
that
experience
already
exists
because
the
Martians
are
too
quick
together
exactly
why
don't
we
stand
on
the
shoulders
of
giants
and
then
maybe
the
improvements
that
are
suggested
instead
of
making
those
same
mistakes
over
and
over
and
over
again?
That's
that's!
F
So
you
kind
of
get
you
get
you
get
to
learn
how
to
put
it
together
and
you
have
a
set
of
instructions
on
how
to
do
it.
That's
not
an
attorney
Hayden's
missed
why
why'd
reinvent
the
wheel
and
that
knowledge
and
then
add
so
you're
spending
your
time,
improving
the
the
product
and
it
may
be
improving
the
assembly
process.
D
E
Rapidly
month
by
month,
3d
versions,
so
I
built
the
11
or
11
18
or
18
point
11
printer
at
Li,
8
with
margin
and
then
I
came
here
in
May
and
we
built
the
old
for
country,
I
believe
but
1904
yeah,
the
1904,
which
is
the
April
of
2019.
Since
then,
several
changes
have
been
made,
so
I
was
going
on
what
I
do
from
our
painter
and
I
came
here
and
I
was
running
into
unforeseen
things.
So
that's
even
a
few
little
things
like
I,
never
really
learned
you
the
belt,
see
because.
B
E
J
E
F
Okay
piggyback
and
we
can't
even
watch
the
video
of
like
what
is
right
now,
I
think
it's
pretty
good
solution,
yeah
that
knowledge
already
exists
on
how
to
solve
that
problem.
So,
instead
of
resolving
the
problem
over
and
over
just
learning
from
somebody
else
and
then,
if
you
can
find
a
better,
you
know
process
we're
going
to
put
something
together.
Add
that
to
it
and
I
think
you
had
something
to
say
to
your
trip.
N
H
B
D
G
G
A
G
B
A
C
A
My
this
is,
we
do
the
swarm,
so
that
means
we
do
one
step
at
a
time
according
to
tight
instruction.
So
we
do
one
step
everyone
does
it.
First
person
done
helps
the
people
that
are
not
done.
I
tried
to
implement
that
yesterday,
saying:
okay,
let's
get
to
the
two
axis
first
person
done,
helps
everybody
else.
We
all
get
to
the
two
axes.
Nobody
makes
mistakes
if
they're
caught
at
that
time.
A
We're
not
propagating
any
other
mistakes,
like
you
know
like
say
the
the
couplers
on
the
motors,
and
we
can
catch
all
that
on
that
on
the
y-axis,
and
we
wouldn't
have
to
do
redo
five,
we're
redoing
up
to
two
and
only
a
small
section
of
the
two.
So
that's
why
I
try
to
enforce
it?
It's
failed
and
actually
I
would
like
to
know
why
why
we
didn't
do
that?
Like
that's,
that's
an
open
question:
I'm,
not
blaming
anybody,
I'm
saying
why
we
did
not
do
that.
N
N
N
A
L
One
of
the
things
that
I
experienced
was
that
the
instructions
you
gave
the
beginning
seemed
enormous.
Like
I
didn't
know
what
happened
the
words
you
said
man
like
parts
part
parts
were
which
and
like
I
wasn't
sure
which
axes
were
in
the
Y
axes,
and
there
was
a
further
complication
of
having
multiple
people
on
a
printer
meant
that
it
was
inefficient
to
try
to
work
on
exactly
the
same
thing
at
the
same
time,
which
in
fact
may
be
a
thing
we
should
think
about.
L
If
we
in
whatever
process
me
to
going
forward,
it
meant
that
I'm,
like
I,
think
we
had
three
people
in
agreement,
and
so
somebody
I
think
worked
on
the
y-axis
and
maybe
somebody
else
working
on
the
x-axis
and
I
worked
on
the
z-axis
and
then,
when
things
weren't
when
I
wasn't
sure
what
to
do.
I
just
looked
at
the
thing
and
I
saw
what
wasn't
what
we
hadn't
done
yet
and
I
start
working
on
that,
because
I
wasn't
sure
whether
or
not
we
fulfilled
the
requirements
for
get
done
in
the
next
YC.
A
Because
we
said
to
I
axis,
according
to
scrum
methodology,
it's
like
pairs
pair
up
so
that
one
person
could
do
one
and
one
person
could
do
the
other
and
help.
J
A
M
E
Screen
here
things
that
I've
seen
that
were
considerations,
it's
good
to
know
before
you
start
assembling
any
one
axis.
This
is
based
on
the
y
axis,
so
here's
a
list
of
parts
and
each
part
has
a
little
note
beside
it
as
to
what
you
may
have
to
think
about.
So
there's
an
idler
pulley.
There
are
two
little
parts
to
that,
while
finding
them
was
a
good
thing,
I
eventually
found
them
someone
to
show
me
they
were
anywhere.
They
were
there
being
hidden
under
your
some
other
things,
the
idler
brackets.
E
So
are
there
nut
catchers
in
there?
Yes
or
no
some
cases?
Yes,
some
cases?
No,
so
we
need
to
know
that
carriage
brackets
we
have
the
wide,
oh
yeah,
a
large,
full
or
half,
so
each
each
axis
is
in
a
full
or
half
carriage
bracket.
Now
one
of
the
big
things
is:
where
is
the
orientation
of
the
slots
for
the
belt?
First
of
all,
I've
seen
it
like
when
I
made
it
a
few
times
back
in
London,
we
reverse
them,
so
it
was
not
gonna
work
at
all.
E
M
E
E
This
is
one
thing:
I
tried
to
line
it
up
by
eye
yesterday
doing
nerve.
So
then
the
process
is
you,
take
a
tape
measure
and
you
put
it
down
and
left
a
little
gear
go
down
so
slightly
off.
The
bottom
of
the
motor
is
not
going
to
be
grinding
against
the
motor
and
that
just
lines
the
motor
teeth
up
the
gear
teeth
up
with
the
belt.
If.
B
E
E
Think
this
one-
this
is
something
ideas
are
used
to
me,
but
I
wanted
to
put
this
because
maybe
there's
something
even
things
that
I
missed,
but
anyway,
this
is
a
good
discussion.
We
should
have
which
have
a
list
like
this
for
each
of
the
three
axes.
Plus
it
was
many
other
things
and
I'll
put
this
up
on
the
wiki.
Then.
E
G
E
G
N
N
M
N
H
J
A
Frame
we
got
back
seats,
heated
bed,
not
heated
bed,
controller,
okay,
I
think
it's
doable,
because
the
controller
pending
I
would
really
suggest
one
step
at
a
time
for
the
controller
everyone
gets
checked,
also
because
there's
a
placeholder
for
every
single
component
on
the
control.
Stick
BAM,
just
don't
go
into
a
corner
work
with
everybody
do
step
by
step
because.
D
Long
time,
so
what
helps
me
finishing
that
so
anybody
left
to
follow
suit
with
this
you'll
have
to
understand
being
retired,
but
I'm
gonna
make
a
commitment
today
that
I
won't
leave
the
workshop
until
that
aspect
is
done
no
matter
what
time
it
is.
So
do
that
our
deadlines,
you
know
we
do
their
own
goals
and
that
we
can
all
learn
our
own
pace.
We
just
stretch
the
day
out,
okay,
I
like
needy,
and
that's
that's
my
commitment.
D
F
K
H
A
D
A
H
H
B
B
B
N
B
N
A
E
B
B
B
A
L
J
A
M
A
A
Tractors,
brick
presses
and
3d
printers
and
houses,
there's
all
machines
that
can
be
created,
but
the
most
generative
is
the
universal
axes,
the
universal
CNC
Construction
Set,
which
allows
you
to
build
just
about
any
machines.
So
what
it
does
a
production
machine
of
this
sort,
an
automated
machine
look
like
there's
five
elements
to
that.
So
on
the
I'm
going
to
page
I'm
gonna,
go
to
all
that
here.
I'll
share
my
screen
actually
for
the
remote
viewers,
because
it's
all
getting
recorded
as
well.
A
A
O
K
A
That,
briefly
for
some
more
on
others,
so
the
survey
of
machines
that
we
we
can
cover
briefly
here
as
a
3d
printer,
a
mill
drill,
lay
the
circuit
mill,
router
torch
table
laser
cutter
water,
jet
cutter,
electric
discharge,
machining
air,
bearing
lathe,
we'll
talk
about
all
those
as
we're
saying.
Okay,
how
do
we
have
all
these
crazy
variations
from
a
basic
system
of
five
components
that
I
just
mentioned.
L
A
M
A
To
follow
this
yeah
I
mean
we're
talking
here,
it's
also
being
recorded,
so
you
can
I
was
capturing
the
screen
here.
We
do
have
some
internet
issue
here.
So
one
critical
aspect
and
that's
the
essence
of
it.
Universal
axis-
is
the
precision
motion.
So
that's
what
we
have
with
the
universal
axis
using
a
current
system
right
now
we
get
ten
micron
resolution
from
the
axes
that
we're
building
today,
that's
using
standard
stepper
motors
using
pulleys
like
we
have
and
micro
stepping
on
a
control
of
actual
stepper
motor.
A
A
Motor
is,
is.
O
E
O
A
Stepper
motors
stepper
motors
are
they
have
magnets
in
them
an
ACOG,
they
kind
of
cog
at
a
very
precise
angle
and
there's
what
is
it
1.8
degrees
per
cogging,
but
they
can
also.
That
means,
if
it's
360
degrees
in
a
circle,
that's
200
steps
that
they
have
for
one
revolution
and
you
can
control
that
exactly
I
mean
they
always
end
up
in
the
same
place.
There
that's
what
they
do
and
you
can.
A
A
A
A
So
we
start
with
that
and
those
are
off-the-shelf
components
that
you
could
get
for
eight
dollars.
That's
how
much
the
stepper
motor
that
we
have
today
working
with
under
the
standard,
printer
costs
and
a
bill
of
materials,
you
can
look
at
the
3d
printer
BLM
on
the
wiki.
It's
a
great
start.
We
can
control
that
motion
using
very
inexpensive
controllers,
the
universal
controller
that
we
have,
which
more
detail
later
actually
in
an
afternoon
session,
but
for.
A
The
precision
stepper
motor
and
then
five
dollars
for
an
Arduino
and
ten
dollars
for
the
board
on
top
of
that
Arduino
so
like
and
including
the
screen
and
all
of
that
there's
a
$30
packet.
You
get
for
the
screen,
the
controller,
and
then
you
need
a
power
supply
on
top
of
that.
But
it's
it's
super
accessible
I
mean
think
about
that.
It's
I
mean.
A
Would
be
thousands
and
thousands
of
dollars
a
decade
or
two
ago
right
now
it's
open
source
accessible,
it's
awesome,
and
then
we
also
have
Marlin
the
software
that
allows
you
to
control
machines,
very
easy,
like
3d
printers,
and
you
can
also
use
Marlin
for
any
other
machine.
So
so
that's
that's
the
idea
of
the
universal
controller.
You
can
modify
Marlin
to
run
not
only
a
3d
printer,
but
any
kind
of
2d
or
3d
motion
system
which.
J
A
A
A
bed
that's
a
little
wavy.
It
will
bottle
that
back
which
yeah
that's
that's
one
of
the
features
of
Marlin.
It's
it's
an
amazing
piece
of
software,
very
simple,
accessible.
You
can
download
off
the
internet
right
away
it's
over
okay.
So
that's
the
precision
drive.
We've
got
a
half
a
thousand
or
10
microns,
and
if
you
build
larger
machines,
if
your
drive
sprocket
is
is
maybe
larger,
then
you
may
have
you
know
say.
B
M
A
M
H
A
Like
production
rates
is
important
like
what
do
you
need
to
do?
If
a
machine
is
automated,
you
can't
accept
the
fact
that
goes
slow
unless
your
your
goal
is
absolute
maximum
production,
but
in
terms
of
just
reaching,
like
huge
powers,
huge
torques,
an
ability
to
do
some
heavy
duty
stuff,
you
can
do
it
with
smaller.
A
A
A
A
When
you
think
like
that,
you
can
say:
oh,
we
have
new
options
in
terms
of
how
we
can
do
things
if
we
don't
assume
that
Oh
it's
about
maximum
throughput
in
a
minimum
time.
That's
the
current
industry
model
that
works.
We
can
do
that.
We
can
do
large
things
and
big
engines
and
big
tractors
and
bulldozers,
but
you
can
also
have
more
power
things
that
are
very
functional
but
work
slowly
but,
for
example,
a
solar
rock
crusher
will
be
a
perfect
application.
A
A
Like
like
that,
I
think
are
important.
So,
let's
talk
about
I
talked
about
pipe
with
one
of
the
five
components
is
the
supporting
infrastructure,
so
I'll
focus
on
on
that
aspect
of
what
supporting
infrastructure
do
you
need
for
any
of
these
viewing
devices,
because
you
have
essentially
those
five.
B
A
Components
but
the
tool
head
will
be
different
and
the
supporting
functions
necessary
to
make
that
tool
head
work
are
going
to
be
different
also,
so
what
about
it?
For
example,
3d
printer
3d
printer?
Are
you
gonna
have
a
movement
so
you've
got
motion?
Obviously
the
tool
head
will
spit
out,
molten,
plastic
or
molten
metal
or
whatever,
absolutely
anything
from
clay
to
anything
else.
A
B
J
A
You're
gonna
have
prints,
adhere
to
a
surface
very
strongly,
we're
using
in
the
3d
printer
we're
using
a
advanced
plastic
called
pei
poly
ether
amide,
which
has
the
property
of
when
it's
hot
it
attracts.
It
holds
the
prints
very
well
when
it
cools
off
they
completely
just
pop
right
off.
So
that's
a
that's
a
great
thing.
That's
one
critical
aspect
of
a
3d
printer.
Another
critical
aspect
would
be
if
you've
got
automated
operation,
you
have
to
get
down
to
exactly
the
level
of
the
first
layer
the
surface
and
then
that's
where
you
use
a
height.
M
A
A
A
A
Liquid
in
that
liquid
state
forever,
so
you
cool
it
as
soon
as
it
comes
out
of
the
nozzle
and
it
attracts
to
the
layer
below
you
cool
it.
So
then
the
structure
is
really
solid
and
you
can
keep
building
upon
it.
So
that's
one
special
another
specialized
function,
support
system
so
I'm
talking
about
the
supporting
infrastructure,
one
one:
that's
critical
for
higher
quality
parts:
you
can
go
without
it
and
you
might
get
things
at
less
less
definition,
less
quality.
Another.
B
A
Are
nasty
like
if
you
work
with
bio
plastics,
they're
cool
like
like
poly
lactic,
acid
PLA
is
a
standard
thing
we
print
with.
But
if
you're
going
to
be
printing
with
like
abs
or
PVC,
they
fuel
off
and
they're,
not
good
for
you,
so
ventilation
will
be
another
system.
You'd
need
to
have
so
if
you're
say
recycling
PVC
pipe
from
trash.
You
want
to
do
that
in
the
place
where
you're
taking
care
of
the
fuses
to
be
vented
or
something
like
that
and.
A
Science
issues
and
safety
and
all
that
that
we
can
develop
to
make
different
plastics
there
as
quality
the
right
features
also
are
non-toxic
so
in
in
history.
Typically,
what
happens?
Is
you
come
out
with
a
brute
force
method?
That
is
the
easiest
to
do,
and
that
typically
is
the
most
toxic
and
then
you
go
about
going
Ecole
and
evolving
process
seasons
and
then
you
find
out.
Oh,
we
can
actually
do
this
clean
cleanly
and
you
go
about
doing
that.
A
A
A
Are
really
open
source
like
I,
don't
know
of
any
really
feasible
open
source
formula
out
there.
You
could
do
it.
It's
chemistry,
it's
some
kind
of
apparatus
and
kind
of
a
chamber
where
you
add
heat
or
pressure.
That's
like
chemical
engineering,
stuff.
You
got
vessels,
vacuums,
heat
and
pressure,
and
you
put
a
couple
of
molecules
in
one
end
and
something
else
comes.
A
A
That
kind
of
stuff
is
huge,
centralized
industry
today,
it's
pretty
pretty
much
in
a
proprietary
sense
and
and
environmentally
of
course,
they're
being
pressured
to
do
things
better
and
so
forth.
But
it's
all
on
the
fossil
fuel
economy
and
one
thing
about
the
fossil
fuel
economy
is
that
everything
you
do
from
coal
and
fossil
fuels.
You
can
do
from
net
present
biomass
once
again.
A
The
reason
that
really
energy
economy,
u-turn,
carbohydrates,
sorry,
hydrocarbons,
like
CH
shells,
the
cellulose
and
all
that
you
can
turn
that
into
into
carbon
and
from
carbon
carbon
is
what
coal
is
so
yeah
all
the
chemistry
in
the
world
that
all
the
organic
chemistry
comes
from
plants.
You
don't
have
to
have
called
for
that
nests.
An
aside
here,
the.
B
A
B
A
It's
more
distracted,
so,
let's
since
I
think
printers
are
quite
capable
there's
a
lot
of
different
options.
You
can
do
so.
Plastic
is
easy
metal.
You
can
use
a
metal
there's
links
actually
in
the
document,
so
so
open
source
metal
printers
are
already
out
there.
Experimental
ones,
not.
A
A
A
Yeah,
so
that's
me,
nuts,
very
powerful.
All
ceramics
are
a
great
thing
to
be
printing,
so
you're
printing
clay.
But
then
you
have
to
fire
that
or
you
can
actually
do
metal,
embedded
ceramics
as
well,
where
you
have
metal
powders.
That's
powder,
metallurgy.
You
have
to
get
the
powders
from
somewhere,
but
you
can
have
all
the
powder
and
clay.
And
then
you
burn
once
again
bake
that
and
you
can
end
up
with
a
metal
part
as
well.
A
It
punches
that
into
the
print
after
the
print
head,
so
you
can
get
reinforced
parts,
so
those
kinds
of
systems
are
out
there
and
to
me
that
seems
like
probably
this,
this
metal,
plastic
or
metal
fiber
composite
that
sorry,
plastic
fiber,
whether
the
fibers
fiberglass
carbon,
fiber
or
ham
or
whatever
you
can
get
the
properties,
the
tensile
strengths
of
things
like
like
glass
fiber.
It's
intensely
strong,
it's
as
strong
as
it's
just
about
us
strongest,
carbon
fiber.
You
can.
J
A
D
B
A
A
Definitely
aluminum
type
of
strands,
so
I
don't
know
about
steel,
but
there's
stuff
coming
out
every
day,
like
recently
they've
developed
something
like
a
steel,
aluminum
alloy,
that's
got
insane
properties
like
man,
all
kinds
of
stuff
is
coming
out,
so
we
typically
don't
hear
of
aluminum
and
steel
working
together
as
we
gain
more
control
over
molecules
and
they
combined
together.
Some
people
are
doing
this
crazy
stuff.
So
it's
point
being
like
all
the
time.
It's
like
there's
so
many
different
options
that
are
possible.
B
A
I
mentioned
that
yeah
one
one
thing
too,
to
be
familiar
with,
is
understand
the
feasibility
of
what
the
wire
additive
manufacturing
can
do.
So
you
talk
about
welding,
deposition
rate,
so
that's
what
that
process
is.
So
if
you
can
do
large
structures
like
I
mentioned
cell
towers,
for
windmills,
hey,
that's
perfect
material
for
wire
arc
additive
manufacturing
the.
M
A
A
A
Deposition
rate,
the
deposition
rates
are
about
20
pounds
per
hour,
so
yeah
it's
it's
doable.
You
can
do
some
big
things
with
that
and
some
people
are
so.
If
you
click
a
link
on
another
page,
I've
got
I,
don't
know,
but
there's
you
can
see,
for
example,
amazing
work
that
you've
got
robotic
arms
with
welders
on
them
and
they're,
making
bridges
and
other
large
shapes.
There's
a
company
I
think
I
have
a
link
in
there
somewhere
metal,
Mellon,
I.
Think.
B
A
M
A
A
J
A
A
B
A
A
Fast
for
one
one
direction
to
another,
those
forces
could
get
huge
so
point
being.
If
you
want
to
print
super
super
fast,
you
need
a
very
solid
frame.
That's
part
of
the
reason
why
we're
doing
the
very
solid
space
frames
in
our
printer,
because
we
want
to
print
really
really
fast
standard
print
rates
are
at
50
millimeters
per
second
we'd
like
to
be
able
to
do
quite
decent
quality
within
200
millimeters
per
second,
which
I
mean
a.
O
A
A
A
A
M
A
J
A
A
C
A
C
F
C
F
C
B
F
F
A
Get
a
feeling
for
the
kinds
of
forces
involved.
So
if
you're
you're
biting
off
with
one
inch
like
per
rotation
of
a
drill
bit
a
little
bit,
let's
say
well,
are
you
gonna
be
spinning
the
bill
a
bit
fast
and
taking
very
tiny
chunks,
so
say
you're
moving
at
like
a
thousand
like
tiny,
tiny
bit,
1000
per
revolution
like
on
the
one
inch
hole.
A
What's
the
force,
they're
gonna
be
at
the
50,000
psi
and
you
only
took
one
thousand
of
that,
so
I'm
dividing
50,000
by
a
1,000
I
get
fifty
pounds
so
to
take
off
a
one
inch
shard
off
a
one
inch
fall,
give
me
50
pounds
and
that
bit
is
spinning,
really
fast,
hand-waving
arguments.
This
is
like
general
back
of
the
envelope,
but
get
you
thinking
about
because
always
I
think
about.
J
A
Steel
is
about
50,000
psi,
36
mild
steel.
How
much
is
that
like
I,
want
to
join
two
things
together?
I
want
to
put
a
bolt
through
a
hole
like
I
wanna,
know
basic
pant,
back-of-the-envelope
calculations
for
what
I
can
hold
with
that.
If
I'm
building
my
tractor
there's
a
one
inch
bolt
gonna
hold
two
pieces
of
Steel
together
well
I
kind
of
know
that
if
I
clamp
that
bolt
head
down
really
hard,
the
limit
will
be
actually
the
bolts
breaking
and
I
know.
A
Okay,
I've
got
like
50,000
pounds
there,
okay
build
a
an
operator
cab,
let's
put
on
a
frame
with
that
or
actually
put
the
frame
together
with
that.
Yeah
50,000
is
pretty
good.
It
won't
get
you
that
one
of
those
bolts
will
not
get
you
a
very
big
machine,
but
I
mean
just
you
have
to,
of
course,
count
how
many
bolts
you're,
using
what
the
structure
isn't
so
good,
but
but.
A
How
what
the
kind
of
forces
are
involved
in
mil
drill?
Lathe?
That's
the
you
know.
Those
are
the
high
force
machines
that
you
have
to
consider
extremely
strong
front
frames.
If
we're
going
to
build
the
two-inch
axis
here,
we're
planning
on
half
by
four
like
just
like.
We
have
the
printer
frame
where
we're
using
1
8
by
1
inch,
we're
gonna
use
1/2
inch
by
4
for
the
heavy-duty
frame
and
that
will
easily
get
you
200
pounds
like
the
to
force.
A
E
O
A
M
K
A
A
D
M
M
B
M
F
M
F
A
Building
is
is
designed
just
like
that,
primarily
so
we
can
use
either
quarter
by
four
inch
tubing
steel
tubing,
because
at
the
end
of
the
day,
steel
is
a
dollar
pound.
So
it's
not
too
bad,
and
then
we
can
also
use.
We
typically
use
this
quarter
by
four
and
a
half
by
four
steel
tubing
and
no
I
mean
it
comes
out
quite
affordable.
So
what.
F
C
G
J
A
The
underlying
being
here
is
I
was
always
talking
about
this
deal
of
the
ten
thousand
factor
and
solar
energy,
and
of
course
you
want
to
be
efficient,
but
you
also
be
want
to
be
robust.
Like
an
apple
tree
does
not
make
one
Apple,
which
is
sufficient
to
propagate
itself.
It
produces
10,000
apples
because
it's
robust.
So
if
you
followed
biomimicry,
you
can
kind
of
say:
oh,
it's,
okay,.
A
A
Talking
about
specialization
and
we're
talking
about
generalization
where,
if
you
robust,
if
I
the
design,
you
don't
have
to
be
us
as
smart
or
as
specialized
to
be
able
to
manage
it.
So
it's
about
access
versus
specialization
like
we're
really
like
one
of
our
core
values:
okay,
make
it
absolutely
accessible
to
anyone
else
in
the
world
like
a
person
with
a
small
garage
shop
in
a
jungle,
they.
A
We
once
again
with
superhero
versus
superstar
versus
proud,
let
the
crowd
zu,
because
altogether
they'll
then
get
all
smarter
and
in
theory
that
the
whole
world
goes
up
over
the
idea
that
all
you've
got
special
people
carrying
the
knowledge
and
it
doesn't
spread
as
well,
because
people
by
people
getting
engaged
in
it's
an
agency
aspect,
I
think
there's
more
to
gain
for
society
in
general.
So
that's
kind
of
the
basic
design
principle
here
and
we
apply
to
the
universal
axis.
You
will
see
that
thing
is
super
inefficient
on
certain
aspects,
but.
A
A
Or
whatever
bit
you
have?
You
also
want
to
have
part
pooling
any
kind
of
a
you
generate
heat
when
you
wear
way
metal.
So
you
want
to
have
parking
a
little
less
spray
system
that
even
water
would
work
like
there's
lubricants.
That
may
work
better
enclosures
and
inert
environments.
So
if
you
want
to
be
milling
things
and-
and
you
want
to
keep
it
super
clean
like
sometimes,
if
you
want
to
present
precision
well
something
super
super
accurately.
A
A
A
A
Can
click
on
the
link
for
the
d3
CNC
circuit?
Now
that's
a
low
force,
fast
kind
of
spindle
design,
so
circuit
milling
is
a
very
rapidly
spinning
small
bit.
That's
because
your
your
milling,
tiny
tiny
features
in
a
copper
flat
board,
typically
for
circuits,
if
you're
million
circuits
it's
a
look
relatively
low
force,
so
the
same
frame
that
we
have
for
the
3d
printer
right
now,
we've
used
that
with
a
d3
CNC
circuit
mill,
the.
B
B
A
Lot
few
pounds
and
maximum
maximum
of
tens
of
tens
of
pounds,
so
it's
quite
manageable
for
a
router
if
your
routing
wood
or
aluminum
that's
kind
of
the
lower
duty,
lower
lower
force
version
of
the
heavy
duty
mill
drill
lathe,
and
for
that
it's
kind
of
like
the
same
kind
of
frame
that
we
designed
for
the
torch
table.
If
we
build
it,
robust
exact
with
a
1-inch
axes,
make
them
stiff
enough,
you
can
do
basic
routing,
nothing,
not
super
high
performance
but
decent
decent
routing
using
the
one-inch
Universal
axis
with
forces
like
50
pounds.
D
A
A
A
J
A
On
that,
that's
a
hundred
percent,
it's
only
hundreds
of
pounds.
So
no
you
have
to
reinforce
that
or
for
another
strategy
where
you're
not
moving
the
bed
up
and
down,
but
you're
moving
the
gantry
up
and
down,
which
is
much
lighter,
and
that
would
be
a
favorable
design
for,
depending
on
the
situation
you
have,
but
moving.
J
A
Can
make
that
quite
much
bigger
with
the
limit
being
the
bending
bending
of
the
axis
under
the
length
and
weight
of
the
tool
head,
especially
when
you're
going
really
fast?
So
so,
yes,
you
can
do
exactly
that.
You
can
even
do
like
really
long.
It
could
even
sag
like
quite
a
bit.
Why,
like
you,
can
do
even
a
visible
side
like
this?
Why?
Because
you
have
automatic
bed
leveling
the
the
printer
with
a
sagging
axis.
A
A
B
A
You're
doing
very,
very
slow
like
if
you,
if
you've
got
like
a
low
budget
and
you
want
to
print
a
five
foot
large
size,
whatever
a
desk,
and
you
want
to
do
in
a
little
budget,
you
can
do
that.
Just
put
a
big
nozzle
on
that
printhead
and
go
very
very
slowly
using
a
machine.
That's
in
feed
that
doesn't
have
that
structural
integrity.
You
can
go
very,
very
slow
in
it,
be
able
problem
to.
B
B
A
B
A
Down
a
probe,
you
throw
a
bunch
of
points
and
gets
you
the
contour,
we're
talking
about
something
that
looks
almost
like
glass
and
flat,
but
if
you
were
to
mill
a
very
tiny
trench
and
adjust
the
thickness
of
the
copper
cladding
on
a
circuit
board
circuit
boards
are
some
epoxy
thing
with
a
thin
layer
of
copper
on
it.
That
layer
is
pretty
thin,
so
you
have
to
be
you
don't
want
to
go
too
deep
into
it.
A
You
want
to
just
scratch
it,
so
you
have
to
have
a
very
tight
control
over
the
that
lovely
service
that
phone.
So
that's
like
the
main
aspect
of
the
circuit
mill
that
you
have
to
overcome,
and
you
can
do
that
Marvin
or
you
can
do
that
with
a
d3
CNC
circuit
mill,
one
of
our
guys
he
did
his
own
custom
software
to
do
that
protein,
but
Marlon
I
would
prefer
simply.
A
A
L
B
A
M
B
A
B
A
B
B
A
Haven't
seen
it
now,
other
support
mechanisms
in
there
is,
if
you
have
a
big,
typically
cut
from
flat
sheets
of
Steel,
they
may
not
necessarily
be
B
flat.
They
may
be
warped,
especially
if
they're
old
and
then
laying
around.
So
you
definitely
want
to
have
following
a
mechanism
to
follow
the
surface,
so
two
people
they
have
as
the
sensors
that
sense
the
distance.
In
our
case,
we
need
to
do
something
like
that
as
well,
especially
if
you
don't
don't
have
a
water
table,
then
you
really
want
to
have
height
falling
because
first,
a
small
piece.
A
You
can
pretty
much
set
the
torch
height,
then
you
can
cut
plate
like
a
1
foot
or
so
big,
but
the
tire
you
have
the
control
over
the
distance
of
the
nozzle,
the
cutting
nozzle
from
the
metal,
the
better
quality
cut
you're
going
to
get,
and
that
is
like
you
got
to
keep
that
within,
like
a
millimeter,
relatively
precise,
otherwise
that
cut
quality
goes
down.
So
in
the
version
that
we
can
build,
we
can
do
the
probe
that
we
have
to
do
automatic.
A
A
A
M
D
A
A
G
C
A
A
A
B
A
M
A
A
M
A
A
A
B
B
M
A
J
A
B
J
A
J
J
K
A
D
A
A
A
B
G
B
A
A
L
D
A
B
B
A
M
M
A
A
A
M
A
A
J
A
M
B
A
M
A
A
A
B
G
G
A
A
B
A
A
A
M
A
A
A
M
J
A
A
For
the
current
document
high.
B
A
A
D
A
A
A
M
A
A
L
L
A
A
A
A
Do
a
global
practical
limit
and
we
like
point
1
5
that
you
can
I
think
you
can
still
get
a
point:
1
5
nozzles!
Well
then,
your
filament
has
to
be
so
pure,
like
any
contamination
will
Jam
your
nozzle
it's
much
harder
to
feed
the
filament
through
because
you
have
to
have
much
more
precise
control.
So.
B
G
A
K
A
A
A
M
A
A
Can
put
something
together
with
screws
and
he
can
take
it
apart,
and
a
one
inch
bolt
has
at
least
50,000
pounds
of
clamp
force,
very
strong,
it's
more
than
that,
so
we
wanna
make
our
own
Susan.
We
do
have
the
machines
that
do
that.
So
we
have
the
induction
furnace
to
melt
metal.
We
have
the
rod
and
wire
mill
in
the
set
that
rolls
that
into
tubular
things,
and
we
have
the
metal
rolling,
hot
metal
rolling
you
flats,
so
those.
M
A
Get
you
the
Rafi
say
tubes,
and
then
you
get
a
machine.
Those
I
have
you
seen
this
email
drill
date
and
that
those
things
are
called
screw
machines,
so
screw
machine
is
a
thing
that
has
a
lathe
element
to
spend
something
it
might
have
other
heads
on
different
angles.
You
can
add.
If
you
have
the
universal
axes,
you
make
a
number
of
additional
machine
functions
of
machinist,
such
so
think
about
big
spindle
and
then
other
tool
heads
that
can
come
into
that
from
different
directions.