►
Description
Online instruction requires a unique set of skills in order to keep student engaged and learning. This session will discuss various ways to measure and improve student engagement.
A
Welcome
everyone:
my
name
is
dr.,
bruce
johnson,
and
this
is
my
presentation.
40
plur
know
titled
maintaining
an
active
virtual
presence
in
online
classes,
so
to
get
us
started
today.
Ask
you
some
questions.
First,
is
distance
learning
easy
for
educators?
How
about
your
students?
Is
it
easy
for
them
to
be
involved
in
virtual
learning?
Well,
the
answer
for
educators
is
that
it
depends
upon
how
much
time
and
attention
they
devote
to
their
class,
how
focused
they
are
on
their
students,
developmental
needs
and,
more
importantly,
how
engaged
they
are
in
the
class.
A
This
will
also
determine
what
type
of
experience
students
have
as
they
interact
and
work
in
this
environment.
This
presentation
will
discuss
what
it
means
to
be
actively
engaged
and
present
in
your
online
classes.
It
will
also
address
best
practices
for
maintaining
a
quality
virtual
presence.
This
presentation
can
also
serve
as
professional
development
for
all
online
instructors,
as
it
is
based
upon
my
background
and
experience
with
online
faculty
development.
A
After
a
brief
introduction,
I'll
talk
about
distance
learning,
then
I'll
explore
a
virtual
presence
and
what
it
means
to
be
seen
in
an
online
class,
along
with
elements
of
a
virtual
presence
and
establishing
a
virtual
presence.
Then
I'll
discuss
the
importance
of
time
management
and
share
time
management,
tips
and
tools.
A
Now,
I
would
like
to
share
more
about
my
background
with
you.
As
you
can
see,
I
have
a
doctorate
in
adult
education
as
well
as
an
MBA.
I
have
been
an
online
instructor
for
10
years
and
I've
also
been
involved
in
online
faculty
development.
The
various
roles
that
I
have
held
included
online
faculty
trainer
mentor
peer,
reviewer
and
workshop
facilitator.
A
I'm.
Also,
a
published
author,
I've
published
three
ebooks
and
my
dissertation
was
published
in
paperback
and
as
an
e-book,
which
I'll
share
more
about
with
you.
Next
I
also
write
weekly
blog
post
and
publish
articles
on
linkedin
at
the
end
of
our
presentation.
I'll
share
some
of
my
social
media
contacts.
If
you'd
like
to
connect
with
me
and
learn
more
about
my
work,
I'm
very
involved
in
the
use
of
social
media,
as
it
has
a
capacity
to
connect
with
a
global
audience
of
both
educators
and
students.
A
In
fact,
I
was
discovered
by
oprah
no
through
my
social
media
presence
and
to
date,
I
have
developed
three
courses:
40
plur,
no
all
related
to
online
teaching.
As
to
my
specific
contributions
to
the
field
of
distance
learning,
my
distance
or
tation
study
was
focused
on
the
development
of
an
instructional
strategy
for
the
field
of
distance
learning.
I
took
an
organizational
development
technique,
called
appreciative
inquiry
and
translated
it
for
distance
learning
and
I
called
the
strategy
appreciative
andragogy.
A
The
reason
why
I'd
like
to
appreciate
if
inquiry
is
that
its
strengths
based
and
its
focused
on
the
development
of
performance,
motivation
and
engagement,
the
title
of
my
dissertation,
was
appreciative
andragogy,
taking
the
distance
out
of
distance
learning,
the
results
of
my
research
study
were
published
in
the
online
learning
journal
and
I
will
also
be
presenting
the
results
of
this
study.
This
October
at
the
online
learning
consortiums
2015
international
online
learning
conference.
A
Now,
let's
take
a
look
at
the
field
of
distance
learning,
this
is
a
field
that
I'm
very
interested
in
and
one
that
I
continue
to
research
and
write
about.
As
we
know,
the
field
of
distance
learning
is
also
referred
to
as
online
learning
and
e-learning.
There
are
some
general
statements
that
we
can
make
about
this
field.
A
First,
the
basic
principles
of
adult
learning
do
not
change,
especially
to
related
to
how
a
student
acquires
and
processes
information,
but
it
is
the
format
of
learning
that
has
changed,
and
this
means
that
traditional
instructors
must
find
a
method
of
adapting
their
teaching
methods
as
meeting
once
a
week
in
a
virtual
class
will
not
be
enough
to
promote
learning.
What
makes
the
online
learning
experience
unique
is
the
fact
that
the
online
classroom
is
always
open
and
students
may
be
working
in
class
at
almost
any
given
time
of
the
day.
A
Another
factor
that
makes
this
form
of
learning
unique,
as
well
as
a
challenge
for
both
educators
and
students
alike,
is
the
primary
form
of
communication,
which
is
written,
post
and
messages.
This
is
how
communication
takes
place
and
how
relationships
are
established
based
upon
what
is
written
now.
Of
course,
there
are
interactive
methods
of
communication
that
can
be
added,
but
what
I'm
referring
to
is
the
primary
manner
that
is
established
within
online
classes.
A
Let's
now
talk
about
online
teaching
requirements,
an
online
instructor
is
responsible
for
many
important
tasks
when
they
are
assigned
to
a
class.
They
must
know
their
subject
matter
well,
managed
the
class
complete
their
required
duties,
develop
relationships
address.
Students
developmental
needs,
a
man
among
many
other
important
tasks.
Now
there
is
a
misconception
that
you
cannot
help
students
if
you
cannot
see
them.
Some
students
are
drawn
to
online
learning
because
of
the
anonymity
factor,
and
that
means
you
may
never
see
them.
A
There
are
many
possible
challenges
for
online
teaching
and
I've
learned
about
these
potential
issues
through
my
own
teaching
experience
and
background
working
with
online
faculty.
One
of
these
challenges
for
instructors
is
that
students
can
easily
disengage
from
the
class
and
by
the
time
and
instructor
notices
it.
It
may
be
too
late
to
re-engage
them.
A
A
It
can
be
easy
for
new
instructors
and
even
those
who
have
been
teaching
online
for
quite
some
time
to
view
online
teaching
as
a
function
rather
than
a
process
that
needs
to
be
nurtured.
There's
also
a
difference
between
someone
who
is
an
instructor
vs,
someone
who
is
an
educator
and
what
I
mean
by
that
is
that
a
subject
matter
expert
does
not
automatically
equate
to
an
effective
instructor.
I've
also
observed
instructors,
who
put
in
only
the
minimal
effort
required
into
their
class,
which
again
doesn't
create
an
engaging
learning
experience
time
management.
A
This
is
also
an
issue
for
many
instructors,
especially
those
who
are
adjuncts
and
putting
off
tasks
until
the
end
of
the
class
week
is
the
quickest
way
to
miss
deadlines.
We
will
address
time
management
during
this
presentation,
as
an
instructor
must
have
a
schedule
if
they
are
going
to
be
able
to
be
actively
engaged
in
their
class.
A
Students
have
perceptions
about
their
class
as
well
as
their
instructors
and
even
the
school,
whether
it's
right
wrong
or
otherwise,
those
perceptions
can
be
positive
or
negative.
Students
can
also
hold
expectations
about
what
they
do.
Well,
they
are
enrolled
in
their
classes,
tell
us
what
they
expect
of
their
instructors
as
far
as
what
they
should
do
and
how
they
expect
them
to
be
involved
in
class.
A
New
students
often
face
the
reality
of
learning
about
the
validity
of
their
expectations,
which
can
be
very
challenging
for
them.
As
a
general
rule,
students
want
to
see
the
instructor
in
class
on
a
regular
basis,
and
instructors
presence
is
often
equated
with
their
involvement,
care
and
concern
for
the
students.
Now
in
traditional
classes,
students
can
see
and
hear
their
instructors
with
online
classes.
Students
are
looking
for
other
clues
since
there
is
an
absence
of
direct
contact.
A
Now,
let's
address
what
it
means
to
be
seen
from
one
perspective.
It
means
to
be
accessible.
This
will
answer
the
question:
how
are
you
accessible
the
standard
online
classroom?
Template
usually
includes
a
question
forum
or
thread,
but
do
you
believe
that
is
enough
for
your
students?
Some
instructors
would
say
yes,
but
if
you
consider
the
students
perspective,
the
answer
would
be
no.
A
An
instructor
needs,
multiple
methods
of
contact,
some
of
the
options
an
instructor
can
use,
include,
email
phone
calls,
instant
messaging
skype
and
the
canvas
synchronous
meeting
feature
which
you
can
see
on
the
bottom
of
the
slide.
What
do
multiple
contact
forms
do
for
your
students?
Well,
it
offers
them
reassurance
that
they
can
get
help
and
that
they
can
find
you
when
needed.
This
is
especially
important
when
they
feel
stuck
and
frustrated,
and
it
certainly
goes
a
long
way
towards
helping
them
stay
engaged
in
the
class.
A
Next.
Another
perspective
for
a
virtual
presence
is
your
responsiveness
to
students.
What
does
not
change
with
an
online
class
is
the
students
need
for
one-on-one
interactions
with
each
other
and
with
their
instructors?
Why
does
responsiveness
matter
being
responsive
helps
to
build
relationships
which
creates
an
environment
that
is
conducive
to
and
supportive
of
productive
exchanges?
A
A
Responsiveness
also
depends
upon
your
disposition.
Your
disposition
is
conveyed
in
the
tone
of
what
you
write
and
speak.
It
can
motivate
or
demotivate
your
students,
for
example,
sending
out
a
quick
response
to
a
student's
question
and
telling
them
see
the
syllabus
is
not
as
effective
as
writing
a
thoughtful
reply
and
stating,
let
me
help
you
always
ask
yourself
this
question:
how
would
you,
as
a
student,
want
your
instructor
to
respond.
A
Next,
let's
consider
some
elements
of
a
virtual
presence,
first
step,
an
important
element
of
an
instructor
structures,
virtual
presence,
this
classroom
management.
As
you
know,
you
need
to
be
in
control
of
the
class
and
monitor
the
class
conditions.
Will
you
be
able
to
effectively
accomplish
this?
If
you
are
only
logged
on
to
the
class
twice
a
week?
It
is
highly
unlikely,
as
you
may
not
be
monitoring
everything
that
occurs
in
the
class
until
well.
A
After
the
fact,
when
you
are
actively
present
and
engaged
in
your
class,
you
can
be
proactive
instead
of
reactive
to
class
conditions.
You
will
know
what
it
is
taking
place
and
you
can
provide
guidance
immediately
and
as
needed
now.
Classroom
management
can
include
all
details
of
the
classroom
even
down
to
checking
links
to
resources
that
you've
provided
to
ensure
that
they
are
working
for
students.
Here's
a
challenge
for
instructors.
A
It
may
be
easy
to
assume
that
your
class
is
going
well
if
there
are
no
complaints
or
no
apparent
classroom
issues,
but
the
reason
why
this
is
an
issue
is
that
you
may
have
students
who
are
missing
or
disengaging
from
the
class.
What
this
reminds
you
is
that
you
always
need
to
be
aware
of
your
students
and
how
they
are
progressing.
A
Another
important
element
of
a
virtual
presence
is
your
class
discussions.
This
is
a
very
important
component
of
your
class.
Your
active
participation
in
class
discussions
encourages
your
students
to
be
involved,
as
they
will
likely
follow
your
lead.
The
reason
why
your
involvement
is
so
important
is
that
you
can
help
to
guide
their
comprehension
and
analysis
of
the
course
topics,
and
you
can
help
to
prompt
their
critical
thinking
skills
in
your
follow-up
post.
A
There
is
another
tool
that
you
can
use
called
the
ABCs
model,
which
stands
for
a
acknowledge
something
the
student
has
written
in
your
post
or
follow-up
reply,
be
build
from
it
by
adding
your
expertise,
examples
and
or
experience,
and
then
see
conclude
with
the
question
from
my
own
experience.
I
have
found
it
helpful
to
post
a
reply
to
each
student
at
least
once
I
also
assign
separate
points
for
the
discussion,
question
post
and
the
participation
post
as
a
means
of
encouraging
their
involvement.
A
A
Also
for
class
discussions
consider
these
questions.
Do
you
want
your
students
to
be
actively
engaged
in
the
class
discussions?
Do
you
want
them
to
utilize
sources
to
support
their
analysis?
Do
you
want
them
to
format
their
citations
correctly
within
their
discussion
post?
If
the
answer
is
yes,
then
you
need
to
model
all
of
these
qualities,
and
this
is
an
approach
to
instruction
that
requires
an
investment
of
time
now.
Another
benefit
of
frequent
post
is
that
it
helps
to
replicate
the
interactive
nature
of
traditional
class
discussions.
A
I've
also
observed
as
a
peer
reviewer
that
there
is
a
correlation
between
the
amount
of
time
and
in
stuff
and
instructor
spends
in
their
class
to
the
quality
of
their
post.
There
are
substantive
posts
which
take
time,
and
then
there
are
minimally
developed
post,
which
often
appear
to
be
hardly
put
together.
The
choice
is
always
yours.
A
Alright,
one
of
the
components
needed
to
establish
a
virtual
presence
is
having
a
scheduled
online
presence.
This
means
that
you
establish
specific
days
of
the
week
that
you
will
be
online
along
with
specific
times
that
you
will
be
working
in
the
classroom.
This
establishes
a
routine
and
develops
a
sense
of
consistency
both
for
you
and
your
students.
A
A
There
is
an
aspect
of
establishing
hours
that
is
debated
by
instructors
and
that
is
working
on
the
weekend.
I
consider
this
to
be
a
non-traditional
role
and
therefore
I'm
not
working
a
typical
nine-to-five
job,
which
means
I
found
that
I
need
to
be
online
at
least
one
day
on
the
weekend.
I'm
often
using
that
time
to
finalize
feedback
and
prepare
post
for
the
new
class
week.
A
Some
instructors
believe
they
should
have
the
entire
weekend
off
and
that
can
vary
by
school
as
to
the
expectation
or
requirement
for
being
in
the
classroom
as
a
general
rule
tryna
to
take
every
weekend
off
at
some
point
check
in
make
sure
there
are
no
issues
or
concerns,
especially
during
a
time
when
there
is
a
due
date.
A
project
do
an
assignment,
do
something
that
may
cause
them
concern
or
have
questions.
It
will
certainly
benefit
your
students
in
the
long
run.
A
Next
I
would
caution
you
and
I
speak
from
experience
here
when
I
say
be
sure
you
do
give
yourself.
Some
downtime
I
have
certainly
been
caught
up
at
times
with
the
always-on
syndrome,
where
I
am
tethered
to
technology
and
never
switch
it
off.
I
learned
and
I
hope
you
will
too
that
you
need
a
break
every
week
to
renew
and
recharge.
A
Now
another
component
needed
for
establishing
a
virtual
presence
is
your
availability.
We
have
already
considered
how
you
will
be
accessible
now,
we'll
consider
when
you
are
available.
This
ties
into
the
previous
point
about
a
scheduled
online
presence,
establish
a
schedule
and
be
consistent.
This
encourages
students
to
contact
you
whatever
you
decide,
it
is
always
a
good
idea
to
let
students
know
when
you
will
be
available.
You
may
even
decide
to
state
it
in
the
course
syllabus.
A
Another
suggestion
that
you
may
find
helpful
is
to
hold
office
hours.
I've
worked
for
a
school
that
required
office
hours
on
certain
days
of
the
week
in
certain
times,
and
other
schools
that
had
no
requirement
I
believe
it
is
helpful
to
hold
office
hours
so
that
students
learn
to
feel
comfortable.
Asking
you
questions
or
asking
you
for
assistance.
A
Availability
should
also
include
checking
email
during
the
day
now.
This
is
more
challenging
for
adjuncts
if
they
are
unable
to
log
on
to
the
classroom
or
check
me
check
email
during
the
day,
but
once
again
establish
a
routine
and
communicate
what
you
are
doing
to
your
students
and
you
can
even
publish
it
in
a
post
or
the
syllabus.
My
schedule
is
typically
set
to
work
Monday
through
Thursday
in
the
classroom
and
one
day
on
the
weekend
now,
of
course,
this
will
vary
based
upon
the
needs
of
the
class
and
the
students.
A
Next,
we
are
going
to
explore
a
topic
that
is
directly
related
to
maintaining
an
active
virtual
presence,
and
that
is
your
time
management
plan
online
teaching
can
be
demanding
as
to
the
number
of
tasks
required,
especially
for
adjunct
instructors.
Why
is
a
time
management
plan
so
important?
You
want
to
develop
a
schedule
and
a
plan
to
maximize
your
productivity.
This
will
help
you
to
avoid
missed
deadlines
and
avoid
overlooking
students
who
are
struggling
or
missing
from
class
when
you
are
effectively
manager
managing
your
time.
A
You
have
minimized
distractions
and
time
wasters,
which
also
reduces
the
possibility
of
stress
and
feeling
anxiety.
A
time
management
plan
also
helps
to
improve
your
timeliness,
with
your
facilitation
responsibilities,
be
certain
to
schedule,
time
for
answering
questions,
responding
to
emails
and
returning
phone
calls
and
be
transparent
with
your
students,
so
they
are
aware
of
your
schedule.
A
Timeliness
is
also
very
important
with
feedback
as
an
instructional
duty,
I
found
as
a
peer
reviewer
that
the
amount
of
time
spent
on
feedback
is
equivalent
to
the
quality
of
the
feedback
provided,
and
that
would
seem
to
make
sense.
Why
is
timely
and
substantive
feedback
important
for
your
students?
Well,
their
developmental
needs
would
be
the
most
important
reason
of
all.
They
need
your
feedback
to
improve,
establish
a
time
frame
for
when
your
feedback
is
due.
Of
course,
some
schools
have
a
mandatory
return
deadline
and
let
your
students
know
what
it
is.
A
Now,
let's
talk
about
some
time
management
tools
and
the
first
one
that
I
found
very
helpful
and
I've
shared
with
faculty
for
many
years,
is
called
the
chunking
method.
This
is
especially
helpful
for
providing
feedback.
The
basic
premise
is
to
make
break
down
large
tasks
into
smaller,
more
manageable
chunks.
For
example,
I
have
always
recommended
to
faculty
that
they
break
down
their
feedback
process
into
several
days
and
complete
a
certain
number
of
students
or
review
a
certain
number
of
papers
per
day.
A
A
You
can
create
a
time
log
rather
quickly
with
a
word
document
and
a
chart.
I've
got
one
here
on
the
slide,
for
you
to
look
at
what
I
usually
do
is
include
a
count
column
for
time
slots
during
a
typical
workday,
a
column
to
list
facilitation,
duties
and
activities
and
a
column
for
notes.
Then
I
insert
time
slots
in
usually
30-minute
increments,
then
take
one
week
and
use
this
time.
Log
each
day
of
the
week
after
the
week
has
concluded,
take
time
to
look
for
trends.
A
Next,
here
are
some
additional
time
management
tips
to
help.
You
have
the
time
to
maintain
a
strong
virtual
presence
when
you
create
a
time
management
plan,
be
sure
sure
to
schedule
all
of
your
facilitation
task,
concluding
participation,
feedback,
classroom
management,
preparation
and
development
of
new
post
take
advantage
to
of
tools
that
you
are
comfortable
with,
such
as
a
calendar
or
to-do
list.
Now.
I
still
use
a
paper
planner
and
calendar
as
I
like
to
have
a
document
nearby.
A
A
Next
I
have
some
additional
time
management
tips
to
help.
You
have
the
time
to
maintain
your
strong
virtual
presence.
You
may
find
it
helpful
to
consider
your
energy
levels
and
work
when
you
have
the
most
energy.
Of
course,
if
you
have
that
flexibility
in
your
time
plan,
you
will
also
find
it
beneficial
to
tie
your
time
management
plan
to
your
teaching
goals.
So,
for
example,
as
an
instructor,
do
you
want
to
have
enough
time
to
just
meet
the
minimum
required
duties?
A
Or
would
you
like
to
have
enough
time
to
exceed
the
required
minimum
test
and
be
highly
engaged
and
present
once
you
develop
a
time
management
plan?
Do
your
best
to
follow
it,
otherwise,
procrastination
can
set
in
no
matter
how
well
you
have
planned
your
week
ahead
of
time
now.
Let's
turn
our
attention
to
best
practices
for
maintaining
a
virtual
presence.
A
1
helpful
best
practice
is
to
maintain
a
supportive
approach.
Anytime,
you
shine
a
spotlight
on
students
performance,
you
may
find
some
are
uncomfortable,
they
might
feel
threatened
and
some
may
even
feel
fearful,
especially
when
you
ask
questions
or
provide
personalized
feedback
what
they
believe
they
did
regarding
their
performance
or
the
effort
they
have
made
in
class
may
be
different
than
what
you
have
evaluated.
What
you
don't
want
this
to
do
is
to
create
a
separation
between
you
and
them
or
create
frustration
or
cause
them
to
disengage
from
the
class.
A
A
Another
health.
Helpful
best
practice
is
to
devote
mastery
of
own
academic
skills.
Remember
that
your
words
and
posts
now
represent
you.
This
is
especially
true
for
discussion
post
and
within
every
discussion
thread
in
class.
It
is
also
relevant
for
the
feedback
you
provide,
along
with
every
written
interaction
in
your
class,
including
your
responses
to
students
when
you
answer
their
questions,
consider
the
impact
of
poorly
written
and
formatted
post.
A
What
impressions
does
this
give
to
your
students
also
consider
how
students
are
trying
to
develop
their
own
academic
skills
now,
if
they
observe
poorly
written,
developed
or
formatted
post?
How
will
they
learn?
I
have
always
taken
a
proactive
approach
and
provided
resources
for
students
both
in
the
classroom
and
with
the
feedback
provided,
especially
when
they
have
developmental
needs.
If
you
find
and
utilize
resources
to
help
your
own
skill
set
development
share
those
with
your
students,
I'm
certain
they'll
appreciate
it.
A
Another
best
practice
is
to
be
an
example
to
your
students.
This
ties
into
everything
we've
already
discussed,
establish
a
high
standard
of
excellence
for
yourself
and
hold
yourself
accountable,
be
fully
engaged
in
the
learning
process
and
actively
participating,
be
concerned
with
academic
integrity,
post,
well-crafted
messages
and
documents
do
your
best
to
skillfully
manage
your
class
next.
The
last
plan
topic
I
have
for
us
today
is
additional
professional
development
tips
for
online
instructors.
A
First,
here's
a
tip
for
you
you're,
not
just
an
instructor.
You
are
a
facilitator,
which
is
a
common
word
used
with
for-profit
schools,
you're
also
an
educator,
a
mentor,
a
coach
and
a
teacher,
and
at
the
heart
of
all
of
these
roles
is
the
developmental
needs
of
your
students.
You
are
responsible
for
offering
constructive
feedback,
support
and
guidance.
A
A
Another
tip
determine
what
you
expect
of
your
students
ahead
of
time,
make
certain
that
your
students
know
what
is
expected
of
them
and
that
they
have
the
resources
necessary
to
succeed.
For
example,
if
there
are
new
students
and
they
are
required
to
learn
APA
formatting,
you
could
provide
links
a
sample
paper,
etc.
A
In
summary,
a
virtual
presence
humanizes
the
learning
experience
for
a
technology-enabled
classroom.
This
helps
students
believe
that
they
belong
to
a
community
versus
taking
a
correspondence
course
or
just
being
part
of
a
group
of
student
identification
numbers.
So
what
we've
talked
about
is
what
it
means
to
be
seen
in
a
virtual
class.
First,
we
considered
your
students
perspective,
then
the
importance
of
accessibility,
responsiveness
and
a
positive
disposition.
A
We've
also
discussed
elements
of
a
virtual
presence
that
includes
classroom
management
and
classroom
discussions,
and
we've
talked
about
establishing
a
virtual
presence.
That
means
having
a
scheduled
online
presence
and
being
available.
We
also
consider
time
management
and
its
role
in
establishing
a
virtual
online
presence.
A
In
conclusion,
what
you
want
is
to
bridge
the
gap
you
want
to
bridge
the
distance
gap
between
yourself
and
your
students
teach
them
the
powerful
potential
of
distance
learning,
as
well
as
the
value
of
Education.
Your
involvement,
which
is
your
active
virtual
presence,
influences
how
students
respond
to
the
virtual
classroom
environment,
how
they
perform
and
how
well
their
developmental
needs
are
met.
A
B
B
A
I've
got
online
advanced
online
teaching
strategies
for
students,
so
if
you're,
just
starting
out
as
an
online
instructor
and
you
kind
of
want
to
look
ahead
or
if
you've
been
teaching
online
for
a
while,
and
you
want
a
refresher.
This
is
really
a
class
to
advance
your
teaching
strategies
to
renew
and
refresh
what
you're
doing
now.
I
also
offer
take
the
distance
out
of
distance
learning,
which
is
based
upon
my
dissertation
study,
which
I
mentioned
early
in
the
presentation.
A
B
Stranger,
okay,
we'll
have
Alastair.
Thank
you,
dr.
Johnson
Ferrell,
for
your
for
talking
to
us
and
taking
the
time
man
I
know
where
I
know,
what's
the
difficult
fitting
as
in
and
they're
so
well.
Thank
you
very
much
and
sorry
about
the
sound
ad
that
said
technology
for
you,
that's!
Ok!
Thank
you.
Ok,
bye,.