►
From YouTube: Rust Lang Meetup - November 2022
Description
Scott's Current Rust Project—Maybe Knots, but Maybe Not by Scott Steele from rust-dc
Whats blockchain and where is Golang/Rust being used in the world of blockchain by Chee Chyuan from eth.kl
Introductions to embedded development by Raj
Rust and flutter by Allen
A
Without
Malaysia,
so
this
will
be
the
last
online
Meetup
that
we
have
for
the
year
and
for
the
next
bus
Meetup
in
January
yeah
for
the
for
the
next
Meetup
in
January.
There
will
be,
we
will
switch
it
back
to
offline
yeah.
So
so
this
will
be
the
last
online
Meetup.
So
today
there
will
be
a
couple
of
lightning
talks.
One
will
be
given,
so
the
first
speaker
will
be
Scott,
Steele
he's
from
Rusty
a
friend
from
rustic
or
in
us,
and
then
the
next.
The
next
speaker
will
be.
A
B
B
Okay,
cool
thanks
all
right,
so
I'm
gonna
be
talking
about
knots,
not
so
much
like
something,
that's
very
specific
to
rust,
but
just
a
recent
project
I
was
working
on
in
knots.
So
I
don't
know
if
anyone
here
is
familiar
with,
like
the
mathematical
knot.
Is
anyone
here
familiar
with
that
raised
hands?
B
B
So
that's
the
kind
of
knot
we're
talking
about
the
simplest
one
is
the
unknots
right.
It's
just
a
simple
Loop,
the
next
simplest
one
that
isn't
the
trivia
I'm,
not
it's
a
trefoil
I
think
this
makes
I
hope
this
makes
intuitive
sense.
It's
I.
It
was
something
I
studied
in
undergrad.
It
was
kind
of
fun
because
you
end
up.
B
Instead
of
spending
a
lot
of
time,
calculating
things
you
do
you
do
some
calculations
as
you
go,
but
a
lot
of
what
you
do
is
drawing
drawing
these
little
diagrams,
especially
earlier
on
in
the
class
which
is
kind
of
cool.
So,
and
this
is
another
one,
this
is
a
square
figure.
Eight
knot,
I
won't
show
any
more
complex
ones
than
this,
but
right
they
can
obviously
get
is
there's
no
limit
to
how
complicated
they
can
get.
B
Obviously,
so
I
I
hope
that
kind
of
made
sense
as
a
concept,
and
so
then,
what
you
are
often
doing
once
you
have
these
diagrams
is
you
are
trying
to
figure
out
like
how
can
I
manipulate
the
diagram
in
such
a
way
that
I
don't
ever
break
the
string
right?
So
I
can
do
things
to
the
diagram
like
pull.
The
blue
means
on
the
red
is
going
to
mean
over
for
a
lot
of
this,
so
I
could
pull
something
here
in
the
back.
B
So
if
you
said
hey
I'm,
going
to
make
a
Crossing
change,
I'm
going
to
cut
the
string,
move
it
forward
and
reattach
it,
then
you
would
get
back
to
the
truffle.
So
that,
like
introduces
like
that's
a
lot
of
what
the
first
couple
weeks
of
undergrad
not
Theory
class.
Are
you
care
about
some
things
like
the
number
of
crossings
that
show
up
that
unknotting
number
right
since
I
was
able
to
go
from
the
unknot
to
the
truck
oil
with
only
one
Crossing
change?
B
The
Truffle
has
a
nodding
number
of
one
and
then
that
that,
like
series
of
things
we
did
with
the
unknot.
Is
it's
like
a
specific
case
of
what
you're
doing
in
the
more
General
case,
where
you're
looking
at
equivalences
of
knots,
so
I
think
it
makes
sense
that,
right
again,
if
I
pull
this
part
up
to
the
right
and
twist
right,
I
still
have
a
triple
there.
B
Is
that,
like
a
new
knot
that
you
know
has
to
have
a
thousand
Crossings,
or
is
it
just
a
really
complicated
version
of
the
trefoil,
or
you
know,
a
knot
that
has
11
Crossings
in
its
minimal
diagram
or
so
on
Yep?
This
is
still
check
oil.
So
there
are
a
couple
moves
and
I'll
try
to
yeah.
There
are
a
couple
moves
that
dude
name:
writing
Meister
came
up
with
so
they're
like
there's
already
like
these
definitions
of
like
okay.
B
Here
are
things
you
can
do
that
do
like
kind
of
change
the
crossings,
but
you
still
have
the
same
thing,
so
you
go
left
or
right
right
and
those
are
going
to
be
the
same
same
for
that
Sprite
pull
the
top
one
over
that
one's
a
little
more
interesting.
It's
right
like
if
you
have
two
and
three
are
crossing
each
other
and
one
is
going
between
them.
B
You
can
move
that
one
from
the
right
over
to
the
left,
but
so
those
are
just
some
examples
and
then
there's
a
quote:
unquote
kind
of
right
in
my
studio,
which
is
basically
yeah
anything
that
doesn't
involve
changing
the
crossings.
You
can
just
go
ahead
and
do
right
like
adding
removing
bulges
sliding
Crossings
along
other
strands
as
long
as
you're
not
running
into
other
Crossings.
B
So
there
were
some
like
fun
questions
from
undergrad
that
I
always
kind
of
wanted
like
how
would
I
work
on
this
with
a
computer,
because,
like
some
of
this,
could
definitely
benefit
by
a
little
bit
of
brute
force.
Labor,
but
like
spatial
representations
of
knots,
would
be
really
kind
of
gnarly
to
work
with,
because
now
you're
doing
like
physics
simulations
basically
just
to
do
the
knots
and
then
there
are
some
other
properties
that
it
has,
that,
like
don't
fully
describe
the
diagram
and
so
like
there
are
very.
B
There
are
a
lot
of
limits
to
what
you
can
use
with
some
of
the
other
properties.
I
won't
go
into
them
at
all,
but
maybe
you
could
do
something
like
that
with
a
proof.
Assistance,
but
I
also
have
no
experience
with
proof,
assistance
and
every
tutorial
has
been
not
super
great.
A
quick
aside.
This
was
like
heavily
catalyzed
by
Dave
and
Felipe's,
hey
Trace,
blog
and
talk.
So
in
that
they
talked
about.
They
focused
a
lot
on
how
they
got
a
decent
encoding
for
solving
Citrus
or
getting
high
scores
and
hatreds.
B
B
And
then
the
number
is
the
vertical
index
like
if
you
were
drawing
a
line
from
left
to
right
or
moving
your
line
from
left
to
right.
Your
vertical
line
like
when?
Would
you
get
to
the
how
many
strands
would
you
have
to
get
to
get
to
the
element
that
you're
addressing
so
that
ends
up
that
ends
up
working
and
then
like
stuff
like
the
writermeister
one?
So
right
is
short
for
writing.
B
Meister,
where
you're
doing
a
flip,
we
say
like
okay,
we
want
to
do
it
over
and
we
want
to
do
it
at
horizontal
index
zero.
So
starting
at
the
very
beginning
where
we
have
that
opening
all
it
ends
up
doing
is
just
right.
Like
you
see
what
happened
in
the
diagram
we
pulled
over
to
the
left
and
twisted,
but
the
operation
on
the
encoding
is
like
incredibly
simple
right.
We
just
insert
a
an
over
Crossing
at
the
vertical
zero
index.
B
That's
what
I'm
hoping
change
Windows?
Yes!
Here
we
okay
cool!
Yes,
go
live,
please
Okay
cool,
so
this
is,
if
you
go
to
the
link
that
I
shared
with
Ivan,
which
I
hope
he
I
don't
know
if
you
shared,
but
if
you
download
that,
so
this
is
the
rust
project
that
I've
been
working
on,
and
this
is
the
webassembly
version
of
it.
B
So
as
we
go
across
the
horizontal
indices,
we
can
add
these
knots
and
get
our
trefoil
I.
Have
these
all
three
commented
out
so
I
could
just
do
it
quickly,
but
here's
the
thing:
that's
that
was
then
is
then
kind
of
fun
is
like
okay,
so
I
am
going
to
do
one
Crossing
change,
so
I'm
going
to
cross
at
index
zero
one
two
I'm
gonna
change
this
Crossing,
so
I've
now
changed
that
one
I.
Do
a
writing
Meister
three
to
move
this
one
back
here
down.
B
This
I
have
to
do
these
swaps
that
are
inherent
to
my
encoding.
So
it
might
be
a
weakness
of
the
encoding,
but
I
need
to
move
this
over
so
that
I
know
it's
adjacent
and
then
that
was
adjacent
and
now
I.
Have
this
big
pull
and
twist
one
up
top
that
I
can
get
rid
of
so
I?
Do
it
right
in
Meister
one
through
two
kinds
of
this
twist
I:
do
a
1B
reduce
at
index
two
so
zero
one,
two
that
index
there
and
now
I?
B
B
C
B
Two,
a
couple
big
caveats,
so
this
was
me
on
the
left
in
undergrad
and
over
time.
I
grew
more
whiskers
and
wrinkles,
and
something
that
happens
if
you
zoom
in
to
whiskers
and
wrinkles
is
like
really
cool
things
that
you
would
otherwise
see
and
be
really
impressed
by
and
excited
by.
They
get
caught
there
and
you
don't
see
them
so
like
there
are
like
way
better
libraries
for
manipulating
knots,
I
haven't
looked
at
them
enough
to
know
like
the
trade-offs
and
whether
my
encoding
has
anything
vaguely
useful
that
they
don't
have.
B
I
guess
would
be
not
that
it
doesn't
other
than
it's
in
Rust
and
that's
fun.
We
all
have
rest,
but
so
I,
yeah,
I,
hadn't
I
hadn't,
been
like
checking
on
all
these
cool
things
that
have
been
developed
in
the
meantime,
and
they
are
very
cool,
so
yeah
like
if,
if
I
were
taking
a
not
very
class
today
or
just
trying
to
play
with
them
from
scratch
and
wasn't
interested
in
doing
it
in
Rust,
I'd
probably
use
some
of
those
tools.
I
also
don't
know
what
the
consequences
are.
D
B
Two
years
ago,
three
years
ago
and
four
years
ago,
I
hadn't
done
any
for
like
two
years.
It's
a
lot
better.
Now,
like
I
thought,
there
was
a
big
Improvement
between
like
four
and
two
years
ago,
there's
been
like,
if
you
haven't
done
it
in
a
while
and
you're
like
oh
man,
it
takes
forever
to
compile
and
you
end
up
having
to
use
nightly
with
a
bunch
of
tooling.
B
You
don't
have
to
do
that
anymore.
It's
really
great
you.
The
framework
right
just
recommends
using
trunks.
So
I'm
sure
everybody
else
here
already
knew
that,
but
it
was
nice
to
return
after
not
using
it
for
a
bit
and
find
it
was
really
great.
You
is
still
pretty
cool,
but
they
don't
advertise
themselves,
yeah,
it's
being
for
real
quote-unquote
production
apps.
But
that's
what
I
used
here.
B
B
C
B
Feel
like
four
years
ago,
maybe
it's
not
a
big
deal
anymore.
It
was
really
useful
because
I
just
in
that
demo,
that
I
was
showing
right
where
you
have
the
like
ASCII
version
and
then
SVG
version
SVG
isn't
super
pretty,
but
like
the
the
way
that
I
get,
the
SVG
version
is
just
to
dump
that
ASCII
version
string
directly
into
SVG
Bob,
and
then
it
generates
that
SVG.
B
So
that
was
really
useful,
like
if
you're
doing
something
like
this,
where
you're
like
oh
I,
can
probably
make
a
table
and
ask
you,
but
I
don't
want
to
take
a
lot
of
time
to
make
up.
You
know
like
a
slightly
better
SPG
version.
You
may
just
be
able
to
dump
it
into
SVG
Bob,
which
is
a
nice
rest
project
right
and
then
because
of
that,
since
it
was
already
like
it
integrated
well
with
this,
because
it
was
just
oh
just
pulling
this
rust
crate
and
it
does
it
for
you.
B
Questions
like
I,
like
I,
haven't
been
reading
up
on
all
the
stuff
to
be
like,
oh,
like
the
whatever
like
topological
covering
that
like
gives
you
this
particular
invariant
right,
like
I,
haven't
been
reading
up
all
that
stuff
and
like
it
looks
like
that's
what
I'm
missing
by
maybe
not
using
like
a
python
library
or
something
but
I,
don't
at
the
moment.
I!
Don't
worry
too
much
about
that.
A
B
A
B
B
E
E
E
I
would
probably
give
like
an
overview
of
how
blockchain
has
evolved
over
the
years
and
at
the
end,
at
the
end
of
the
talk,
I
will
go
through
a
bit
of
how
golang
and
rust
is
being
used
in
the
blockchain
space
yeah,
but
feel
free
to
I
think
there's
a
five
minute
screen
session,
but
over
there
you
can
probably
ask
questions
that
you
want
to
know
but
yeah.
This
is
a
very
high
level
and
a
very
beginner
friendly
talk.
So
do
not
worry
if
you
don't
do
not
know
blockchain.
E
This
is
this
is
for
you
to
understand
again
I'm
keychain
from
fkl.
If
Kerry
is
a
group,
it's
an
ethereum
Malaysia
committee
and
it's
free
for
all
for
you
to
join.
So
if
you
are
interested,
I
will
share
the
link
later
after
the
talk
so
yeah
without
further
Ado.
Let's
get
started
so
some
history
of
blockchain,
so
the
first
blockchain,
the
first
practical
blockchain
we
ever
know
is
Bitcoin
and
it
is
by
by
the
white
paper
by
satoshima
Nakamoto.
E
So
he
proposed
a
decentralized
money
system
whereby
everyone
is
able
is,
is
in
charge
of
is
in
charge
of
the
ownership
of
the
money.
So
what
what
I'm
trying
to
say
is
that
no
one
owns
the
system
I
like
I,
like
in
the
bank,
whereby
the
bank
basically
takes
your
money
and
then
you
have
to
trust
the
bank
that
hey
your
money
is,
is
secured
and
yeah
what
so
in
Bitcoin.
E
If
I
think
Bitcoin
is
a
currency
that
is
being
transferred
in
the
in
the
Bitcoin
blockchain
and
the
blockchain
itself
is
basically
a
huge
decentralized
piece
of
Ledger
that
everyone
can
take
part
in
and
participate
as
a
as
a
note
or
as
a
as
a
minor
and
so
and
so
forth.
So
again,
the
the
main
responsibility
of
the
blockchain
is
to
facilitate
the
transfer
rate
of
Bitcoin
and
Bitcoin
at
the
time
at
the
time
of
of
a
very
long
time,
I
think
around
four
or
five.
E
So
that
is
the
origin
of
blockchain
and
Bitcoin,
and
then,
if
I,
it
turns
out
that
hey
the
interests
of
blockchain
really
really
hits
up
and
and
a
couple
of
years
after
Bitcoin,
this
guy
called
vitalik
and
a
bunch
of
very
smart
people
proposed
that
hey,
instead
of
just
transferring
money,
we
want
to
do
more
things
that
than
that,
so
they
propose
this
thing
called
the
evm,
which
is
the
ethereum
virtual
machine.
So
what
you
can
think
of
the
internal
virtual
machine
is
a
computer.
E
It's
a
global
computer
that
is
decentralized,
meaning
everyone
is
able
to
run
the
computation
to
make
sure
that
it
is
the
education
execution
is
being
run
correctly
and
it's
a
VM
meaning
that
it
has
to
be
Turing
complete
and
because
it
is
doing
complete.
It
allows
a
very
almost
unlimited
programming
to
the
to
the
blockchain
and
by
using
this
thing
called
the
smart
contracts.
We
are
able
to
write
Logics
piece
of
codes
deployed
on
the
on
the
blockchain
and
we
are
able
to
execute
it
and
that
really
can
release.
E
How
can
I
say
facilitate
another
round
of
like
height
over
blocking,
because
there
are
many
many
creative
use
cases
such
as
adults,
dials,
like
decentralized
autonomous
organization
and
D5
and
FTS,
and
all
sort
of
like
those
fancy
fancy
words
that
you
may
have
here
in
in
the
in
the
media
or
on
the
public.
So
it
is
because
of
the
nature
of
the
evm
that
allows
programmability
in
in
the
blockchain,
so
so
yeah.
So
now
we
have.
We
have
moved
from
decentralizing
money
to
decentralizing
programmability,
so
to
say
so!
That's
so!
E
That's!
That's
a
that's
the
that's
the
point
that
we're
at
now,
and
it
turns
out
that,
because
in
in
a
world
of
blockchain,
whereby
there
are
a
lot
of
redundancy
whereby
everyone
in
the
world
needs
to
re-execute
your
you
need
to
execute
the
processes,
because
each
time
someone
wants
to
make
an
execution,
so
she
needs
to
perform
a
transaction,
and
everyone
needs
to
re-execute
all
the
transactions
in
each
block
to
ensure
the
correctness
of
the
of
the
blockchain
and
this
this
again
brings
up
to
another
problem
number
one.
E
When
there
are
a
lot
of
people
out
there,
the
the
we
can't
we
can't
we
can't
achieve
like
a
very
instantaneous
response
speed,
and
this
is
what
what
they
call
the
transaction
per
second,
so
in
ethereum,
the
transition
per
second
is
only
like
15
transactions
per
second
is
not
exactly
the
best,
and
people
have
found
out
that
it
is
actually
not
very
usable
if
we
are
targeting
on
a
global
scale,
and
so
right
now
there
are.
There
are
solutions
that
will
propose
us.
E
They'll
propose
scale,
the
ethereum
blockchain,
and
this
does
destroy
a
bit
of
names,
start
man
and
Z
casing.
This
is
what
they
call
the
layer,
2
Roll-Ups
solution,
and
another
thing
that
ethereum
lags
is
the
transparency,
because
everyone
is
able
to
see
everyone's
transaction
and
we
execute
it
in
in
in
their
own
local
computer,
meaning
that,
let's
say
I
want
to
send
funds
to
maybe
Ivan
right.
Everyone
will
be
able
to
know
that
hey
T20
is
sending
funds
to
Ivan
and
there
is
no
privacy
at
all.
E
So
this
is
something
that
we
do
not
want
as
well,
so
so
that
so
it
has
been
techniques
and
have
been
companies
trying
trying
to
improve
on
these
two
scaling
and
privacy
to
make
blockchain
in
a
more
usable
and
and
to
achieve
Mass
adoption,
so
yeah
yeah,
so
I
would
I
won't
go
into
detail
too
much
on
this
roll-up
Technologies.
But
if
you
are
interested
in
this
is
a
little
YouTube
link
by
affinematics.
E
E
Only
gets
better
with
a
couple
of
more
improvements
as
being
done
in
a
protocol
and
underlying
layer.
I
won't
go
into
detail
as
to
what
other
improvements
but
yeah.
Basically,
what
we
can
see
now
is
that
having
this
scaling,
Solutions
and
Alternatives
allows
us
to
transfer
and
make
transactions
in
a
much
cheaper
way,
and
that
is
another
huge
step,
I
believe
in
Mass
adoption.
So
why
cheaper
you
may
ask
is
because
now
the
network
is
able
to
cater
for
a
huge
amount
of
transactions
instead
of
15
TPS.
E
E
So
you
may
ask
that,
because
yeah
I
know
that
this
is
a
golden
rust
team,
so
I
I
would
I
would
also
encourage
all
of
you
to
with
rush
rush
and
go
acknowledge
to
probably
join
the
space,
because
there's
so
many
things
that
that
you
guys
can
explore
and
how
does
Russ
fits
into
the
space
you
may
ask.
So
if
you
have
heard
of
this
com,
this
blockchain
called
Cosmos.
They
are
basically
a
primarily
a
golang
based
blockchain.
E
So
a
lot
of
developments
there
are
in
golang
and
they
are
always
in
constant
need
of
golang
developers.
So
if
you
feel
that
you
are
interested
in
getting
to
know
blockchain
and
you
have
a
decent
golang
golang
programming
skills
without
having
to
know
much
about
blockchain,
you
can
just
apply
to
any
of
this
company
that
is
involved
in
the
cosmological
ecosystem
and
yeah.
You
probably
have
a
good
chance
of
getting
a
job,
yeah
and
I'm.
Also
throwing
this
this
little
robot
thing
is
actually
a
geff
gaff
is
known
as
gold
ethereum.
E
It's
a
client
that
runs
the
ethereum
blockchain,
so
this
client
is
being
maintained
and
is
founded
and
maintained
by
the
ethereum
foundation,
which
is
the
foundation
that
oversees
a
lot
of
developments
and
research
in
the
interior
space
and
they
are
like
the
and
vitalik.
Is
there
so
yeah?
That's
fixed
a
lot,
so
they
are
a
huge
golang
advocator
and
in
the
sense
that
the
entire
client
is
written
in
golang
and
right
now,
because
it
is,
it
is
one
of
is
definitely
the
first
client
out
there
in.
A
E
It
has
like
a
massive
adoption,
so
we
can.
We
can
imagine
that
70
of
all
the
clients
that
are
running
ethereum,
it's
it's
on
golang,
so
that
that
alone
speaks
volume
as
to
how
important
golang
is
in
the
in
the
in
the
blockchain
space
Not
only
in
ethereum,
but
in
Cosmos,
and
in
many
many
others
that
I
like
to
mention
this.
This
this
logo
over
here
represents
prism.
E
So
recently
we
have
the
merge
whereby
the
execution
layer
and
the
conscious
layer
has
split
up
so
golang
being
a
gef
being
the
execution
layer
and
they
have
also
have
a
separate
goal
line
implementation
of
the
quizzes
layer,
so
that
is
also
written
in
in
goal
line.
So
it
only
means
that
golang
is
here
to
stay
in
the
blockchain
space
and
actually
I
I.
Don't
I,
don't
really
know
much
about
golang.
So
Ross
is
something
that
I
I
know
more.
E
Actually,
so
I
I
give
a
lot
a
lot
more
time
to
prepare
for
the
raw
slides,
so
yeah.
So
where
does
rust
fits
into
block
space
or
blockchain
space?
So
we
have
this
thing
called
the
web
free
foundation.
So
if
you
heard
of
this,
this
company
called
parity,
they
are,
they
used
to
be
also
an
ethereum
node
and
they
are
fully
rust.
They
are
very.
They
live
for
us
a
lot
in
the
sense
that
they
I
think
they're.
E
Language
called
Inc
ink
is
a
it's
a
very
rust,
based
syntax
way
of
writing
smart
contract
in
the
substrate
ecosystem
and
over
on
the
right.
We
have
this
thing
called
the
Fe,
so
if
you
have
known
of
ethereum,
you
have
you
probably
have
heard
of
this
this,
this
language
called
solidity.
It's
a
smart
contract
language
that
has
a
very
JavaScript
syntax
like
like
it's
a
very
JavaScript
syntax
like
language
and
right
now
in
I,
think
it's
still
in
the
better
Alpha
stage
we
have
fee
so
fee.
E
It's
supposed
to
be
another
option
for
smart
contract
developers
on
the
ethereum
evm
space,
to
write
your
smart
contract
in
a
very
rust-like
syntax.
So
if
you're
interested
go,
give
it
a
try
and
go
give
it
a
search,
you
can
even
do
PR
on
it
the
entire
reports
in
Rust,
so
there
you
go.
We
can
see
that
two.
Arguably
two,
two
of
the
very
big
blockchain
ecosystem
out
there
are
adopters
already
so
yeah
Russ
is
also
here
to
stay.
E
Really
want
to
emphasize
about
Russ
is
that
it
is
not
only
used
in
the
blockchain
space,
but
it
is
used
a
lot
in
the
state
in
the
world
cryptography.
So
when
I
mentioned,
Roll-Ups
I
went
I,
I
I
failed
to
mention
the
the
upcoming
Trend
with
what
people
call
the
ZK
of
validity
Roll-Ups.
So
they
uses
a
lot
of
cryptography
to
perform
the
scaling
techniques,
and
when
we
mentioned
cryptography,
we
we
always
think
about
having
a
lot
of
safety,
a
lot
of
memory,
safety
and
speed
as
well.
E
So
that
defaults,
a
lot
of
those
teams
such
as
Mina
protocols
such
as
zcash,
and
a
lot
of
those
big
big
teams
that
are
doing
cryptography
to
to
to
onboard
interests
so
in
if
you
are
a
very
rough
guy
and
interested
in
doing
cryptography,
I
always
see
that
people
are
always
looking
into
hiring
roster
and
I
failed
to
mention
Solana,
but
Solana
is
also
one
of
the
blockchain
companies.
That's
always
looking
for
a
rust
Dev.
They
don't
really
care.
If
you
do
not
know
much
about
blockchain,
but
they
are
yeah.
E
E
Entire
ecosystem
in
from
python
to
Russ
and
they
obtain
a
10x
speed
up
just
because
they
rewrote
everything
so
that
again
takes
volume
and
Foundry,
which
is
a
solid
framework
and
it's
written
in
Rust
and
it's
much
faster
than
the
harder
app
which
is
the
JS
implementation.
There's
a
lot
more.
That
I
can
mention,
but
I'm
going
to
stop
now,
because
around
time
and
yeah.
E
Okay,
I
only
want
one
more
picture.
This
is
just
chilling
my
organization
yeah,
so
at
the
end
of
the
day,
I
will
sum
up
my
presentation
with
with
us,
with
a
Shameless
plug
so
I'm
from
Ikea,
and
we
are
a
free
and
try
educational
committee
called
in
Malaysia,
so
for
those
who
are
interested
in
ethereum
or
blocks
in
general
feel
free
to
join
us
in
telegram
or
Twitter
or
Discord.
So
I'm
gonna
leave
it.
If
this
up
here
and
the.
E
C
A
E
E
A
E
A
F
Then
I'm
not
going
to
go
full
screen
I'm
just
going
to
just
you
know,
you
know
just
play
around
with
it:
yeah
yeah,
okay.
So
this
is
not
the
MCU
I'm
talking
about
yeah,
so
the
mCP
I'm
talking
about
is
basically
a
microcontroller
and
and
basically
a
microcontroller
unit.
So
what
is
a
microcontroller
unit?
It's
basically
something
really
small
right
guys.
If
you
can't
see
this,
let
me
just
make
it
big.
Okay,
can
you
see
the
screen
yeah.
F
All
right,
so
it's
represented
by
the
micro
C
symbol:
yes,
not
UC,
it's
micro
C.
So
basically
it's
a
very
low
powered
so
pretty
much.
It
runs
from
1.8
watts
to
like
20
watts,
or
so
you
can
find
it
in
multiple
variations.
You
know
8
16
bits
and
there's
some
with
32
bits
as
well,
but
it's
quite
rare
all
right.
Some
of
them
has
one
course
most
of
them
has
one
course,
but
you
know
most
of
them
today.
F
You
know
the
new
ones
have
two
chords
and
above
yeah
it
is
a
switching
capability
in
terms
of
frequency,
so
you
can
run
for
maybe
one
kilohertz
all
the
way
to
133
megahertz,
as
you
know,
pretty
much
three
things
in
there.
Yes,
it
says
some
memory,
processors
and
some
storage
here,
so
so
basically,
what
we
have
is
that
we
have
the
SRAM
where
your
your
code,
actually
you
know,
plays
around
with
it
and
so
on.
Then
we
have
the
app
ROM,
which
is
for
storage
wise,
which
has
some
limitations.
F
It's
very
slow
and
after,
like
you
know,
maybe
like
300
000
Cycles,
then
the
EP
ROM
kind
of
like
you
know,
fails
right,
and
then
we
have
the
flash
which
actually
has
a
simple
storage
for
executable
code
and
it
comes
in
a
couple
of
variations.
Yeah,
it
comes
in
an
arm
chip,
it
comes
in
a
wrist
chip
and
some
of
them.
You
know
in
the
old
list.
We
have
the
x86
chip
as
well.
F
You
still
can
get
it,
but
it's
quite
rare
and
there
are
some
custom
ones,
custom
ones
as
well
from
from
China,
so
yeah,
so
the
popular
ones
out.
There
are
Arduino
at
megas,
ESP
series,
The,
STM
series,
The
Raspberry,
Pi
core,
and
these
are
the
major
ones
who's
populating
out
there.
So
you
can,
you
can
find
dozens
of
them
for
microchip
from
Texas,
Instruments
and
so
on,
but
they're
not
very
much
supported
in
the
sense
yeah.
So
what
what
does
it
have?
It
has
a
lot
of
analog
iOS.
F
You
have
digital
iOS,
it
supports
you
know,
you
know
work,
you
know
signals
like
high
low
pull
up,
pull
down
falling,
you
know,
and
then
things
like
that
right.
It
also
supports
some
of
the
popular
protocols
like
i2c
SP
AI.
You
know
like
modbus
can
bus.
You
know
stuff
like
that,
right
and
and
IQs
as
well
right.
So
so
it's
a
very
good
fit
for
very
small
applications
and
I
suppose
that
you
know
it
is.
It
is
something
that
that
it's,
you
know
it's
branching
apart.
The
personal
computer
scene,
yeah.
F
Life
purpose
right
so
MCU
is
innovation
is
something
that
you
use
is
something
that
you
you
really
want
to
wanted
to
control
right.
So
you
see
and
use
something
something
you
know
bare
metal
language
where
you
want
to
control
the
hardware
as
much
as
you
can,
and
you
want
to
have
better
interaction
with
Hardware
right,
but
a
PLC
is
pretty
much
it's
fixed,
it's
very
time
frame,
oriented,
meaning
to
say
that
it
does
a
cycle
and
they
need
pauses
and
it
does
a
cycle
again.
F
It
pauses
and
all
that
and
most
of
the
PLC
programming
is,
is
done
by
drag
and
drop
in
stuff
like
that
right.
So
this
there's
no
coding
right
and
then
you
know
the
popular
ones
are
Alan,
I
can't
remember
their
name
day,
I,
think
and
and-
and
you
know,
Siemens,
scada
and
so
on.
So
those
are
popular
ones
in
PLC
we
also
have
Arduino
right
and
mega
chips
that
are
somehow
what
masquerading
stlcs
right.
F
So
we
are
getting
into
that
space
right
now:
industrial
space,
okay,
the
MCU
could
run
in
real
time
for
both
course
as
well,
so
meaning
to
say
that
you
can
actually
run
yeah
the
the
programming
languages
that
we
use
for
mcu's,
C
language,
python,
rust,
some
of
them
popular
ideas.
Do
you
know
IDE
Tony
platform,
IO
well,
platform,
iOS,
actually
add
on
to
vs
code,
yeah
Cube
microchips
studio,
so
these
are
the
popular
ones
over
there.
F
There
are
quite
a
lot
of
things
out
there,
but
basically
the
two
chain
is
is
what
is
important.
Yeah
some
of
the
mcus
have
very
very
good
data
sheets,
like
Raspberry
Pi
has
one
of
the
best
data
sheets
that
I've
seen
so
far
in
any
of
the
chips
right.
It's
best
to
read
these
things,
first
understand
what
the
the
capabilities
are
and
then
use
them
right,
and
so
what
happens
with
video
code?
F
If
you,
if
you
write
a
code
in
MCU,
you
need
to
cross,
compile
it
to
a
particular
architecture,
and
then
that
particular
code
is
like
a
hex
code
and
so
on.
Then
you
need
to
flash
it
to
your
MCU
all
right.
That's
the
whole
idea
to
that
and
it
cannot
run
a
full-blown
operating
system,
but
it
can
run
somewhat
of
a
real-time
OS
which
can
achieve
some
level
of
multitasking
all
right.
Okay,.
F
He
asked
me
what
is
actually
an
MCU.
You
know
a
one
second
answer
would
be
CPO
equals
to
MCU
without
any
memory
management
all
right.
So
if
you
come
in
from
a
very
you
know,
if,
if
you
start
programming
from
the
80s
and
so
on,
you
realize
that
memory
management
is
really
hard.
It's
really
really
hard,
and
today
memory
management
is
taken
for
granted.
F
So
if
you,
if
you
want
to
go
back
to
Memory
Lane,
you
know
try
to
make
a
memory
management
system
in
MCU
right.
Then
then
you
know
you
have
a
lot
of
applauses
from
there
yeah.
So
modern
computers
can
do
a
lot
of
memory.
Management
and
MCU.
Don't
have
memory
management,
so
you
got
to
deal
with
everything
yourself
all
right.
This
there's
no
other
way
to
that.
F
C
F
You
know
and
that's
about
it,
they
have
capabilities.
If
you
look
at
the
the
major
on
the
right,
you
know
you
have
the
power
module
in
there
and
then
you
have
interrupts
and
then
you
have
DT,
which
is
actually
the
Watchdog
timer.
So
what
shop
timers
that
you
can
tell
the
the
MCU
to
go
to
bed,
go
to
sleep
right
and
if
General
usage
of
the
MCU
is
probably
around,
maybe
20
million,
milliamps
and
so
on.
When
you
go
to
sleep,
it
becomes
like.
F
So,
with
that
variation
of
of
current
usage,
you
you,
you
could
average
it
to
a
very,
very
long
life
battery
yeah,
that's
pretty
much
about
the
MCU
right,
so,
but
why
you
want
to
use
the
MCU
right
so
so
the
idea
of
is
using
MCU
is
that
you
just
want
to
do
one
thing
and
one
thing
correct:
you
want
to
take
some
form
of
input.
You
want
to
process
the
the
input
and
you
want
to
come
out
with
an
output.
F
All
right,
you
have
lots
of
inputs
out
there,
there's
so
many
peripherals
out
there.
You
know
like
from
gyroscopes,
to
shock
resistors
to
water
sensors,
to
GPS
and
all
these
things-
and
you
can
actually
say:
okay,
if
it
rains
I
want
to
pull
the
pull
out.
My
my
you
know
drying
clothes
out
there
and
that's
how
it
works
right.
Basically,
that's
it.
If
something
happens,
do
something!
That's
about
it
all
right,
and
if
you
have
a
bunch
of
mcus
together,
then
you
have
a
very
good
system.
F
That
is,
that,
is
you
know,
production
capable
sense
right,
so
it
does
really
good
things
from
there
right.
It's
actually
low
power.
You
know
it's
it's
efficient,
it's
battery
powered
to
be
fair
and
it
literally
some
of
the
systems
can
run
for
more
than
10
years
or
so
right
or
just
one
bad
training.
All
right,
I've
seen
some
projects
with
one
coin.
So
battery
runs
for
six
years.
All
right.
So
that's
really
really
good
stuff.
Okay!
So
it's
it's!
F
It's
simple
to
do
one
one
task
on
him:
it's
very
easy
to
replicate
or
manufacture,
so
you
can
actually
take
some
of
the
open
source
designs
and
you
can
make
your
own
ship
yourself.
You
can
change
it
and
with
risk
architectures
a
lot
easier
to
do
that
right.
It's
a
cheaper
alternative
than
a
PC,
for
example.
If
you
just
want
to
use
it
for
purpose
of
controlling
some
things
and
so
on,
like
a
PLC
is
on
so
it's
a
lot
cheaper.
F
It
is
literally
like
close
to,
like
I,
think
80
times
cheaper
than
the
normal
plc
yeah.
There's
a
lot
of
I
o
peripherals.
To
use
you
don't
really
need
an
OS
to
to
run
an
MCU.
You
just
need
a
bootloader,
so
what
the
bootloader
is
is
that
it
pretty
much
you
know.
Does
some
basic
stuff
in
it
I
mean,
unlike
the
the
computer
bootloader,
the
bootloader
in
the
MCU
is
just
slightly
different,
but
it,
but
essentially
it's
the
same
thing
right.
So
it's
just
telling
us
okay.
F
This
is
where
you
start
to
read
the
memory.
This
is
what
you
do,
and
this
is
some
of
the
interfaces
I
declare
on
right.
You
have
real-time
OS
support
and
also
you
know,
iot
is
the
future.
So
so
you
can
have
some
Bots,
which
has
cameras
built
in
it.
You
can
have
like
you
know,
machine
learning,
models
built
in
it
that
you
can
do
a
lot
of
things
from
there
right.
F
So
one
of
the
examples
that
you
can
see
is
that
some
of
the
new
cameras
out
there,
which
they
they
claim
that
they
have
ai
built
in
and
so
on,
actually
use
this
type
of
MCU
right.
So
if
you
look
at
Arduino
ml
or
Cam
ml
or
so
right
in
the
sense
right,
you,
you
literally
see
a
lot
of
these
these
things
in
there
yeah,
okay,
so
the
next
one
is.
F
Okay-
okay,
sorry
about
that,
okay
I'll!
Try
to
make
it
fast,
so
so
yeah!
So
so
there
are
many
types
of
of
microprocessors
right.
You
get
a
bare
metal
ones.
You
have
mcus
with
built-in
Wi-Fi
with
it,
and
then
you
have
MCU
with
another
component
in
it
that
you
have
MCS
with
the
nether
MCU
and
you
have
mcos
with
a
form
factor
of
another
MCU
board,
all
right.
F
So
so
there
are
many
form
factors
from
there
right,
so
I'm
just
going
to
go
through
very
quickly
of
what
we
have
over
here,
and
so
so.
This
is
a
bare
metal
chipset
right.
So
this
is
what
is
powering
the
the
Arduino
Uno
and
so
on.
This
is
the
bare
metal
you
can
do.
You
can
run
the
entire
application
with
desk
just
chip
and
power
supply.
That's
all
right!
F
What's
going
on,
and
then
you
have
the
raspberry
pi
over
here
right.
So
you
have
the
original
one
over
here
and
you
have
the
the
Clone
ones
from
wave
maker,
and
this
is
really
tiny.
This
is
like
20
cent
coin
right.
There
you
have
the
Arduino.
Do
you
mean
a
loaf?
This
is
one
of
the
earlier
chips
that
that
is
actually
the
I
think
the
first
16
big
chip
out
there
right
and
then
you
have
a
couple
of
mini
arduinos.
We
have
the
pro
minis,
the
pro
micros
and
then
the
Nano
with
USB
right.
F
So
if
you
see
a
lot
of
these
thumb
drives,
they
can
control
your
mouse
and
keyboard
is
using
the
pro
pro
micro
system.
Yeah
have
the
stm8
and
32.
So
these
are
very,
very
popular
Bots
for
industrial
purpose,
because
you
have
a
lot
of
stuff
in
there.
But
it's
a
little
bit
harder
to
to
program
right.
Then
you
have
the
esp32,
which
is
the
chip
out
there
in
the
shielding
right.
It
has
built-in
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth,
and
you
know
various
flavors
and
so
on.
F
Then
you
have
the
you
know
another
series
from
esp32
and
8
Mega.
If
you
see
over
here,
we
have
an
ESP,
it's
not
it's,
not
really
a
Arduino,
but
it's
in
the
form
factor
of
Arduino
and
on
the
right.
You
see
a
combination
of
two
chipsets.
We
have
Arduino
chipset
as
well
as
efp
to
get
away,
so
you
get
the
best
of
both
worlds
right
and
then
you
have
bigger
one
over
here.
This
is
mainly
used
for
PLC
as
well.
F
You
know
with
Wi-Fi
and
all
of
this
you
know
fancy
stuff
in
there
and
if
you
say,
hey,
I
I
want
to
have
an
ESP
together
with
the
camera,
and
then
this
is
the
one
you
can
do
so
you
can
just
plug
it
in
somewhere
else,
and
it
just
runs
forever
streaming,
some
some
videos
and
so
on.
Right
and
then
you
have
expansion
boards,
where
you
see
the
Nano
board
on
top
of
another
board
that
actually,
you
know,
exposes
all
the
pins
and
then
you
have
the
Raspberry
Pi
with
have
all
the
pins
out
there.
F
But
if
you
see
the
the
corner,
you
have
the
capability
to
actually
run
what
it
is:
Wi-Fi
and
Bluetooth
as
well
right.
So
there's
another
chipset
in
that
expansion
board.
Okay
and
these
are
all
ones.
You
have
a
wireless
communication
with
zxb
and
then
you
have
ethernet
together
and
you
can
sync
it
up
and
actually
it
should
work.
But
it's
not
working
this
way,
so
you
can
have
lots
of
a
lot
of
stackable
stuff.
F
So
there
was
a
joke
a
long
time
ago
in
2010,
where
you
stack
up
a
lot
of
bots
together,
it
still
runs
yeah.
So
that's
the
idea
of
Arduino.
You
have
sensors
and
inputs.
So
a
typical
sensor
is
a
temperature
and
humidity,
and
then
you
have
some
kind
of
inputs,
converters
and
so
on.
Where
you
have
iic
converter,
where
you
have
you
know
a
series
of
data
coming
in
parallel
and
then
it
sends
to
in
you
know
a
Serial
format.
Yeah,
then
you
have
modules.
So
what
is
a
module?
F
A
module
is
something
that
you
add
on
together
with
it,
which
is
literally.
What
we
have
over
here
on
the
left
is
a
you
know,
a
relay
where
you
control,
you
know
a
different
set
of
current
sets.
If
you
want
to
turn
on
the
fan,
heater
and
so
on,
but
you
have
a
very
small
amount
of
current.
You
can
power
up
larger
currents
and
on
the
right
you
have
the
lower
chipset,
which
literally
has
huge
communication
against.
You
know
up
to
like
a
few
kilometers
and
so
on,
and
then
these
are
the
programmers.
F
So
sometimes
when
you
want
to
program
a
chipset
which
doesn't
have
an
interface,
you
need
to
use
one
of
these
to
actually
talk
to
it,
so
the
famous
ones
are
ftdis
and
you
have
the
St
links
from
STM
and
so
on
to
achieve
program,
the
chip
right
and-
and
you
know
so,
basically,
what
you
do
is
you
have
to
you
connect
to
your
device.
You
you
plug
it
in
properly.
In
a
sense,
you
use
the
Arduino
IDE,
you
know,
select
the
Bots
select
the
libraries.
F
You
need,
write
your
code,
compile
your
code
test
record
and
compiler
code
and
then
flash
it
to
your
your
device
right
and
then
you,
you
run
it
from
there.
If
you
want
to
check
some
some
output
from
it
text
output,
you
can
just
connect
to
a
uart
and
it's
like
a
Serial
TTY
connectivity.
You
can
input
output
from
there
and
then
it
works
right.
Some
Arduino
boards
have
you
know
built-in
debug,
real-time
debugging,
which
is
great,
but
you
know
Pros,
like
us.
F
Don't
use
that
you
have
the
a
quick
idea
of
a
sample
code,
so
it's
going
to
end
very
soon,
so
I
just
give
you
a
quick
understanding
how
it
works
here.
So
the
the
file
name
is
called.
You
know,
something.ino
right,
it
used
to
be
something
else.
It
used
to
be
something
else
before
then
until
it
standardized
into
Ino
all
right.
So
it's
a
c
program,
but
if
you
see
this,
there's
no
main
function
over
here
right.
F
So
what
happens
is
that
this
particular
code
has
been
transpiled
into
a
c
code
and
then
between
all
the
references
and
all
that
together,
then
it's
compile
right.
So
it
makes
life
a
lot
easier.
Why?
Why
is
it
a
lot
easier?
Because
you
see
a
lot
of
macros
a
lot
of
definitions
like
LED,
built
in
all
right
for
different
boards?
Led
built-in
is
for
different
different
address
right,
but
because
Arduino
they
standardize
everything.
It
makes
it
a
lot
easier
to
use
right.
So
what
is
it
trying
to
do?
F
Is
he's
trying
to
say
hey
when
you
start
up
that
PIN
number
two,
which
is
the
LED
pin,
is,
is
going
to
be
sending
an
output
signal
all
right
and
then
the
next
thing
is
going
to
run.
Is
the
loop
function,
so
Loops
is
like
you
know,
while
forever
right
and
what
it
does.
First
is
I
say:
okay
for
this
particular
pin
I'm
going
to
set
the
signal
high.
F
So
it's
going
to
Output
five
Watts
from
it
right
then
the
LED
is
blinking
and
then
you're
gonna
delay
you're
going
to
sleep
for
a
second
and
then
you're
going
to
say:
oh
okay,
I
want
it
yeah
I
changed
my
mind.
I
want
it
to
turn
it
off,
so
turn
it
off
and
it's
little
for
one.
Second,
then
it
Cycles
back
again
in
the
loop
all
right,
if
you
press
the
reset
button
and
it
goes
back
to
the
setup
function
again
so
the
same.
F
F
F
So
you
got
to
be
very
careful
of
how
how
you
you
address
it
right.
So
what
he's
trying
to
say
is
that
hey
just
assign
a
particular
pin
for
output
and
then,
while
it's
running
in
a
loop,
you
say:
okay
for
this
particular
pin
I'm
going
to
assign
this
particular
value
today,
which
is
high
and
then
delay
for
one
second
and
then
turn
it
back
low
and
then
delay
for
one
second
as
well
right.
So
that's
the
whole
idea
from
it
right.
F
So
that's
what
it
will
be
doing
and
then
it
will
be
compiling
the
code
and
then
make
it
work
from
there.
Okay,
and
once
it's
done,
all
you
need
to
do
is
just
click,
the
arrow
button
on
the
right
side
and
you
select
the
arrow
button
and
then
there's
a
tool
called
AVR,
dude,
really
cool
to
you
know
it
does
all
the
fancy
stuff
for
you
and
so
on
and
even
says.
F
Thank
you
when
it's
done
here
and
what
is
done
you
you
will
see
this
chipset
running
and
then
it
will
blink
and
so
on.
Yeah,
okay,
so
yeah
again
is
this.
Is
all
this
normal
stuff?
It's
it's!
The
source
code
is
Ino
file.
The
whole
project,
folder,
is
your.
Your.
The
folder
with
the
source
code
is
your
project,
so
you
need
to
do
a
lot
of
copy
and
pasting
stuff
over
there.
There
is
no
Library
management
and
so
on.
F
There
are
a
lot
of
files
which
have
the
same
name
same
class
files,
so
you
have
to
be
very
careful
with
it
and
what
what
I
would
do
is
turn
off
the
verbose
output
for
everything.
So
some
libraries
have
a
lot
of
you
know,
functions
and
variables,
which
are
you
know,
not
being
used
and
so
once
it's
very
important
to
turn
it
off
as
well.
And
then
you
know
it's,
it's
good
already
do
from
there
all
right.
So
again,
why
do
we
use
Arduino?
F
Because
you
have
literally
just
one
way
to
do
things
and
it
could
encapsulate
and
make
things
work
with
one
single
piece
of
code
with
all
the
bots,
so
what
the
bot
manufacturer
will
do
is
that
they
implement
the
set
of
Arduino
API
for
that
particular
board,
and
they
somewhat
guarantee
that
the
main
functions
will
work
for
that
right.
So
that's
the
whole
idea.
It's
all
about
portability!
You
run
for
one
bot
you
can.
You
can
have
the
portability
compile
to
another
board
and
so
on.
It's
it's
perfect
from
there
right.
F
It's
easy
to
to
search,
there's
a
very
good
Community,
there's
a
lot
of
peripherals
with
that
with
a
lot
of
libraries
with
it,
and
it's
very
easy
for
beginners
all
right
so
yeah!
So
that's
pretty
much!
It
I
conclude
my
my
presentation,
but
if
you
guys
want
to
see
a
quick
demo
on
how
I
just
do
it,
I
could
show
it
to
you
guys.
Do
I
have
time
for
a
minute,
so.
F
F
F
So
basically,
it's
a
very
simple
thing:
I
select
my
board
over
here
and
so
on.
So
I
can
change
many
things.
The
way
I
can
change
to
say
that
okay,
look,
I
I
want
certain
types
of
bots.
I
can
select
my
port
I.
Could
you
know,
select
my
processor
and
so
on.
So
there
are
many
types:
I
can
do.
I
can
select
even
the
intermediate
program
as
well,
and
I
can
run
so
so
now.
What
I
do
is
that
I'm
just
going
to
click
the
upload
function?
F
A
F
Okay,
it
doesn't
work
that
way
in
a
sense.
Yes,
you
can
do
malloc,
but
in
a
very
different
way,
so
it's
not
really
directly
supported
in
a
sense.
The
easiest
way
to
do
is
pretty
much
just
to
declare
the
the
variable
and
then
you
know
leave
it.
It
will
pretty
much.
You
know,
because
it's
just
doing
one
one
round,
all
right
and
so
on.
F
So
you
don't
really
need
to
do
much
things
about
it,
but
you
could
do
you
could
do
a
form
of
metal
which
is
which
is
implemented
in
the
particular
bone.
Remember
not
all
the
standard
C
libraries
are
available
to
you
and
not
all
the
Center
Street
functions
available
to
you
in
a
sense,
so
it's
not
guaranteed
to
work.
But
from
my
experience
you
can
you
can
literally
just,
for
example,
if
you
use
a
primitive.
F
Variable
declared
running,
and
then
it
just
takes
care
by
itself
right.
The
problem
is
this:
you
are
sharing
your
memory,
you're,
sharing
your
your
your
flash
you're
sharing
all
of
these
things,
and
it
does
give
you
an
un.
It
is
some
weird
weird
issues
along
with
it
right,
so
I
wouldn't
want
to
to
play
with
the
memory
management
in
a
sense
yeah,
so
so
yeah.
If
that's
to
answer
your
question,
yeah.
F
F
It's
the
basic
C
functionalities
and
all
the
keywords
that
you
work
within,
so
you
can
expect
it
to
behave
the
same
way
as
it
is
some
some
things,
for
example
like,
for
example,
if
you
do
beat
shifting
and
so
on
right,
it
doesn't
really
work
properly
in
a
sense,
so
you
got
to
be
very
careful
with
it
and
assessing
pointer
memories
for
some
particular
Bots.
They
use
different
types
of
pointers.
F
So
if
you
get
the
pointer
and
you
want
to
access
it
back,
you
kind
of
need
to
reverse
it
and
then
access
it
back
again.
So
some
some
weird
stuff
that
you
need
to
think
about,
sometimes
when
you
want
to
deal
with
the
stuff
right
other
than
that,
most
of
most
of
it.
If
you,
if
you
follow
through
the
Arduino
it
it's,
it's
pretty
straightforward
yeah,
so
you
could
do
you
know,
pointers
this
one.
It
works
fine,
like
any
c
program,
no
issue
with
that
yeah.
A
F
Download
toolkit
actually
to
be
fair
right.
I
have
not
I
have
not
actually
played
around
with
it.
I've
seen
I've
seen
the
the
API
and
and
the
way
how
it's
done,
but
I
don't
really
it's
it's
not
very
friendly
to
my
my
way
of
thinking
and
so
in
a
sense
but
I
think
some
of
you
guys
will
be.
You
know,
happy
to
just
try
it
out
and
so
on.
Pull
up
a
couple
of
new
libraries
coming
on
as
well
with
rust.
F
I
have
not
actually
played
around
with
it,
but
they
are
toolkits
available.
The
one
of
the
things
they
do
is
that
they
they
try
to
use
I
I,
think
there's
a
form
of
llvm
as
well,
which
you
can
compile
it
to
elf,
and
then
you
know
transplant
a
particular
architecture
and
so
on
so
that's
possible.
So
that
means
you
can
expose
that
particular
platform
to
any
any
language
that
she
implements,
that
right,
so
I
know
for,
for
some
reason,
I
think
I
know,
there's
C,
plus,
plus
or
Russ.
A
F
I
think
the
Arduino
boards
right
most
of
the
inbox
like
like
this
this
one
over
here
right,
if
you,
if
you
see
that
the
chipsets
over
here
right,
you
can
add
Mega
and
so
on,
it
actually
runs
other
rust
right.
You
all
sorry,
let
me
just
find
out.
We
have
esp32
Network
that
runs
for
us
as
well,
so
I
think
a
few
popular
Bots
already
could
run
rust.
There's
no
issue.
F
The
only
problem
is
that,
because
some
of
the
boss
are
esp32's
proprietary,
some
of
the
architecture
is
and
reducers
are
not
being
documented
properly.
In
a
sense,
so
you
have
some
issues
with
that,
even
though
they
call
it
some
form
of
Open
Source
as
well.
It's
not
really
right,
so
you
could
use
it
to
a
certain
point,
but
if
you
want
to
go
low
level
stuff
and
all
that,
then
it
can't
really
work.
F
So,
to
give
you
an
example,
let
me
just
say
so
so
this
this
is
a
Raspberry
Pi
right.
So
if
you
use
a
library,
that's
provided
by
Raspberry
Pi,
you
could
do
really
cool
stuff
with
it
right.
Let
me
see
a
Raspberry,
Pi,
C
and
so
on,
but
if
you
use
Arduino
version
of
it,
then
some
of
the
functionalities
are
not
there
right.
So
that's
that's
a
problem
to
it
and
there's
just
no
no
way
to
go
back
from
this.
F
F
The
two
chain,
the
two
chain
works:
it's
it's
good,
the
API
kind
of
not
really
my
type
of
API
and
so
on.
So
it's
very
like
yeah,
very
object-oriented
API
in
what
I
mean
so
that
that
kind
of
ways
is
not
really
friendly
for,
for
you
know,
programming
in
that
sensor,
so
you
might.
You
won't,
have
the
flexibility
to
to
change
things
in
definition
and
so
on
right.
F
F
Easier
with
a
bit
Arduino
a
lot
easier,
I
think
tooling
will
get
better
in
Rust
soon,
but
Arduino
is
a
lot
easy.
So
just
just
to
let
you
know
that
both
pretty
much
I
mean
both
require
some
form
of
setup
right,
but
Arduino
is,
is
a
lot
better
to
do
a
lot
easier
to
do
so
all
you
need
to
do
is
just
download
the
the
IDE
and
it
works.
That's
it
nothing
else
to
do
all
right,
but
if
you
want
to
do
Rust,
then
you've
got
to
install
some
libraries.
F
Sorry,
some
some
applications
to
two
chain,
the
the
compilers
and
so
on.
If
you
don't
have
them
and
then
once
you
do
that
you
compile
it,
then
you
still
have
to
flash
it
as
well.
Then
you
got
to
use
one
of
those
one
of
those
flashing
tools
for
that
particular
board,
and
then
you
got
to
see
which
one
works
and
then
you
know
you
know,
keep
working
there.
So
it's
not
a
very
straightforward
process,
but
I
think
in
time
to
come.
It
will
be
a
lot
easier
to
use
here.
D
And
I
don't
think
I've
ever
played
too
much
with
this.
So
I'm
learning
everything
right
now
cool.
So
you
can
see
my
screen
yeah
again.
I
I
just
want
to
apologize
to
everybody,
because
I
haven't
been
able
to
join
I'm
supposed
to
come
on
here.
I
think
the
last
meet
up
and
was
crazy,
busy
and
now
I'm
still
crazy
busy.
D
A
D
D
D
D
I
believe
right
when
I
graduated
and
started
off
doing
Ruby
moved
on
to
Elixir
and
within
the
last
couple
years
started
doing
some
flutter
work,
I
finally
started
getting
into
rust
in
2020,
probably
much
later
than
I.
Think
most
of
you
guys
and
to
kind
of
give
back
to
the
community
and
get
more
into
rust,
I
started
doing
podcasting,
so
I
do
a
lot
of
episodes
on
recession
station.
Basically,
every
Friday
I
release
an
episode.
D
So
if
you
haven't
go
ahead
and
check
out
the
podcast
I
try
to
review
up
and
coming
people
or
even
well-known
people
within
the
community
yeah.
Otherwise,
besides
that
I'm
actually
working
on
three
podcasts,
so
I
have
another
podcast
all
about
flutter
and
another
podcast
I
do
all
about
elixir
and
so
I'm,
basically
working
on
those
three
different
Technologies,
mostly
Elixir
and
flutter.
Very
little
rust
but
I've
been
hoping
to
change
that
soon
and
I
also
do
my
own
consulting
company
within
Hong
Kong,
so
I'm
coming.
B
D
Hong
Kong
right
now
so
another
question:
maybe
you
know
why
Russ
I,
don't
think
I
have
to
tell
you
guys,
but
we
can
go
over.
That
I've
always
been
fascinated
with
writing
kind
of
bare
metal
code.
What
I
mean
bare
metal?
Of
course,
no
GC,
no
VM
just
straight
to
the
to
the
hardware
as
much
as
possible.
I've
always
been
a
little
bit
nervous
about
doing
it,
because
there's
a
lot
of
pitfalls
when
you
write
CC
plus,
which
is
basically,
of
course,
the
most
well-known
kind
of
bare
metal
programming
languages
as.
B
D
D
D
Well,
I,
don't
know
that
I
was
hoping
to
hear
some
feedback.
I'd
like
to
you
know,
if
you
guys
could
feel
free
to
speak
up.
I
feel
like
all
by
myself.
I'm
just
talking
so
yeah
I
mean
flutter
is
a
is
basically
a
framework
all
about
building
the
UI.
So
whenever
you
guys
make
an
app,
usually
people
will
judge
your
app
based
on
how
it
looks
so
this
is
always
something
that
has
been
important
to
me.
I
think
all
of
us
I
think
we're
all
pretty
much
hardcore
nerds.
D
D
If
that's
not
a
good
word
to
use,
but
that's
a
lot
of
people
will
think
that
way,
and
so
Florida
came
out
of
the
scene,
I
kind
of
dismissed
it
right
away
until
I
decided
to
play
around
with
it,
because
I
had
a
client
who
wanted
to
have
a
mobile,
app
and
I
gave
it
a
try,
and
for
somebody
just
to
give
you
guys
a
background.
I
can't
even
draw
a
stick
figure,
let
alone
I
cannot
even
write.
Chinese
like
I
can
write
it,
but
nobody
can
read
it.
D
Even
my
English
writing
is
quite
horrible,
but
also
my
CSS
skills
are
not
very
good
either.
It's
okay!
You
can
laugh
at
me,
I
don't
mind
I'm
used
to
it,
but
my
my
CSS
skills
are
not
very
good
either,
but
what
I
did
find
that
when
I
was
using
flutter
I
could
basically
make
anything
I
wanted
to
make
because
of
the
way
that
flutter
actually
works.
D
It's
basically
a
composition
kind
of
form,
so
you
can
start
composing
what
they're
called
widgets
together.
So
if
you
ever
work
with
react,
think
about
you
know,
composing
components
together
in
this
case
they're
called
widgets
and
you
may
be
asking
what's
a
widget.
Well,
that's
a
long
story,
but
in
short,
everything
is
a
widget
once
you
get
into
flutter
and
maybe
we'll
come
back
and
kind
of
do
a
little
bit
more
Hands-On
demo
in
the
future.
D
In
case,
you
guys
are
interested
more
in
flutter
to
see
how
it
works,
but
but
anyways
what
was
kind
of
nice
about
flutter
2
is
the
way
it
all
works
is
because
you're
actually
writing
in
code
you're,
not
writing
in
some
XML
format
like
Android
used
to
be
or
I
think
it
still
is.
Unless
you
use
chip,
Peck
and
posts,
they
also
have
this
thing
called
hot
code.
D
B
D
It's
kind
of
an
interesting
story,
but
Indiana
Dart
is
actually
a
language.
That's
made
to
replace
JavaScript,
but
it
didn't
end
up
happening.
Obviously
you
know
we
don't
have
a
dart
VM
in
our
Chrome
browser
and
everybody's
still
writing
JavaScript.
But
you
can
see
if
you
start
putting
on
dirt.
You
can
see
it's
a
nice
mixture
of
Jabba
and
JavaScript
and
and
for
me,
I,
don't
like
Java
and
I
really
hate
JavaScript,
but
I
find
Dart
to
be
a
pretty
present
experience.
B
D
The
cool
thing,
too,
is
that
there's
also
a
lot
of
plugins,
so,
basically
anything
you
can
think
of.
They
probably
already
have
a
plug-in
for
it,
whether
it's
iOS
Android,
now
they
do
Mac,
OS,
Windows,
Linux
and
web2,
and
also
Toyota,
is
actually
using
it
for
the
new
infotainment
system
and
a
couple
other
people
are
also
using
it
for
different
things
too.
So
those
are
kind
of
the
big
platforms
that
they
support,
but
you
can
basically
Port
this
to
nearly
any
other
platform
that
you
want
and
I
did
write
on
here.
D
I
want
to
talk
about
this
one,
because
it's
quite
important
so
when
you
think
about
cross-platform
at
least
when
I
think
about
cross-platform
I
usually
means
like
a
web
browser,
and
you
have
something
that's
showing
there
and
you
click
on
it.
It
usually
looks
horrible
and
not
a
good
experience,
but
this
one
truly
compiles
down
to
native
code,
so
I
did
talk
about
how
Dart
was
a
language
made
to
replace
JavaScript,
and
it
just
so
happens
that
they
actually
made
it
also
compile
to
native
code.
D
A
D
I
can
move
on
okay
now,
maybe
you're
wondering
you
know
why
not
just
do
something
totally
in
Rust
there's
slint,
which
they
have
their
own
template.
Language
I
feel
like
that's
a
little
bit,
not
so
much
fun
to
learn,
but
maybe
that's
up
your
your
alley
for
me.
I
prefer
kind
of
writing
in
all
the
same
code.
Kind
of
having
everything
all
together.
D
Ego
is
kind
of
cool
too,
but
it's
not
so
flexible,
as
you
can
do
with
flutter
gtk
I
haven't
tried
it
myself,
but
it
still
has
CC
plus
plus,
under
the
hood
as
far
as
I
know
same
with
IUI
there's
Tori,
but
Tori
kind
of
they
also
use
a
web
experience
to
start
the
right,
JavaScript,
Etc
and
there's
ice,
which
I
haven't
tried
yet
either,
but
I
think
it's
being
used
in.
It
was
a
system
system.
76
is
OS,
so
it
should
be
pretty
decent,
but
I.
D
Don't
know
too
much
about
it.
If
there's
any
others
that
skipped.
Let
me
know
that's
important,
but
these
are
ones
who
are
consider
to
be
kind
of
up
there,
for
you
know
could
be
used.
So
maybe
out
of
all
these
maybe
ice
would
be
the
most
interesting
for
me
now.
What's
the
benefit
of
using
rust
and
flutter
together?
D
Well,
as
I
said
before,
you
get
true
multi-platform
support,
because
rust
can
compile
to
basically
nearly
any
architecture
in
OS,
along
with
flutter
well
at
least
for
the
major
ones
which
I
think
most
of
us
will
be
using,
of
course,
unless
you're
writing
something
very
specific,
but
you
can
support
this
over
and
Russ
has
got
a
high
performance
packages
that
could
be
used.
You
just
need
to
write
a
little
wrap
around
it
and
I
think
that
flutters
GUI
system,
the
way
it
all
works,
is
super
awesome
and
very
flexible
and
yeah.
D
C
A
D
A
D
So
what
happens
is
that
it
can
compile
to
whatever
Target
you,
you
kind
of
give
it
and
it
works
with
those
libraries
I
need
to
dig
more
into
I
was
trying
to
dig
more
into
how
exactly
that
part
works.
But
what
I
do
know
is
that
they
do
use
the
native
libraries
and
whatever
you
have
on
your
machine
to
get
that
happen
to
to
actually
make
that
happen.
D
So
obviously,
if
you
don't
have
IOS
SDK
on
your
machine,
you
cannot
compile
to
iOS,
but
they
have
something
like
that
and
there's
going
to
be
some
things
that
they
ship
with
it.
So
Dart
is
a
garbage
collected
language.
This
is
a
garbage
collector,
so
actually
it'll,
compile
and
have
that
garbage
collection.
Piece
on
your
machine.
A
D
So
originally,
this
is
a
great
question.
So
originally,
what
would
actually
happen
was
that
you
had
to
call
out
the
native
code
and
the
native
code
itself
would
talk
to
when
I
say
this
card
I
mean
like
okay,
you,
you
would
ask
the
platform
through
something
called
a
platform
Channel
and
it's
basically
sending
a
message
down
like
a
like
a
wire
kind
of
like
a.
D
What
do
you
call
that
kind
of
like
a
websocket
or
a
socket
of
some
sort,
where
you'd
send
a
message
and
instead
of
messages
can
come
back
and
you
would
talk
that
way
and
what
you
would
do
is
you'd
have
to
have
to
write
your
native
extension
directly
to
say,
like
Swift,
so
you'd
send
a
message
from
platform
channel
from
Dart
code
down
to
Swift.
Swift
would
then
call
the
native
code
and
then
back
that
way.
D
A
A
D
So
that's
a
great
question:
if
you're
going
to
go
for
web
I
wouldn't
recommend
flutter,
you
can
do
it,
but
even
as
you
say
it,
it
could
be
slower
right
and
the
web
support
is
not
that
great
I
did
mention.
One
of
the
greatest
strengths
of
flutter
is
having
hot
Co
reload,
but
there
actually
is
no
hot
code
reload.
When
you're
working
in
web.
D
It's
actually
recommended
that
you
build
everything
for
like
if
you're
running
on
a
Mac,
you
run
everything
on
a
Mac
and
then
compile
it
to
window
or
compile
to
web
Etc
or
the
other
way
around
with
like
Windows
Etc
but
I.
When
you're
going
to
have
a
web,
I
wouldn't
recommend
it
I
think
there's
much
better
technology,
so
yeah
I
mean.
Maybe
you
does
make
more
sense
for
you.
D
But
if
it
doesn't
really
matter
say,
maybe
you
might
switch
another
platform
later
on
or
there's
nothing
very
specific
about
your
code
and
you're
already
very
familiar
with
flutter
then
doesn't
make
it.
It
makes
sense
to
still
work
only
in
flutter,
like
I,
don't
know
how
many
guys
actually
try
to
make
your
own
mobile
app.
But
I've,
like
my
Android
apps,
looks
like
Android
apps,
my
iOS
apps,
look
like
iOS
apps,
but
when
I
use
flutter
I
can
make
it
truly
like
unique
I'm,
not
sure
if
that
answers
the
question
exactly
but
I
I.
A
Okay,
there's
last
question
by
Quan
kyung
When,
you
mention
rust
and
flutter.
Is
it
rust
as
base
with
main
calling
and
invoking
flutter
function
to
do
like
something
or
like
draw
display
widget
in
the
question,
I'm
not
sure
how
to
talk
about
this
and
then
also
or
is
it
like
the
flutter
at
flutter
app
that
will
invoke
call
rust
function
as
a
form
of
for
them
right
so
which
is
the
base
and.
D
What
I
recommend
is
you
write
a
flutter
app
and
then
you
call
native
ffi
functions
for
what
you
need
to
be
honest
when
you,
when
you
cross
that
ffi
bridge
no
matter
what
language
you're
doing
it's
going
to
be,
there's
going
to
be
some
penalty
for
that,
so
I
recommend
all
of
your
like
heavy
or
very
rust
specific
stuff.
You
write
in
some
kind
of
ffi
way
and
then
connect
it.
C
A
Guess,
that's
all
thank
you
Ellen.
So
now,
thanks
for
the
talk
so
now,
let's
conclude
the
meat.
Let's
conclude
the
Meetup,
so
I
haven't
give
a
good
introduction.
Yet
so
we
are
rust,
peanut
Malaysia!
We
do
meet
up
every
because,
like
the
time
just
now
is
because
the
time
design
is
like
very
it's
very,
like
very
rushed,
so
we
just
start
and
we
do
meetups
every
two
months,
so
every
two
months
Wednesday
night.
A
So
this
will
be
the
last
today
today
will
be
the
last
online
Meetup
and
so
I
decided
to
like
just
make
it
just
accept
multiple,
multiple,
like
lightning
talks
and
invited
speakers
from
around
the
world,
and
so
the
next
Meetup
will
be
in
Malaysia
like
Kuala
Lumpur,
so
you
haven't
decided
the
venue.
Yet
we
are
still
looking
for
the
venue
and
we
are
still
looking
for
speakers.