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From YouTube: SJ Astronomy: Armchair Star Party Aug 15, 2020
Description
Join San Jose Astronomical Association (SJAA) astronomers in our third Armchair (virtual) Star Party. We will take you on a guided tour of the current night sky and introduce you to the tools of astronomy. SJAA members will share live views (weather permitting) as well as long exposure photos of heavenly objects from their homes. You will have an opportunity to submit questions and receive answers during this live session. This event is free, everyone is invited. Just click on the link given when you register. The link will be live just prior to event start time.
We will be using Stellarium ( https://stellarium.org ) during this presentation. It is a free planetarium software that runs on multiple computer platforms. You can download the software to familiarize yourself with it. Note that this software or prior knowledge of it is not needed for this presentation.
B
B
Some
of
you
may
have
seen
our
first
two
programs,
I'm
just
our
party
programs
and
some
of
you,
maybe
it's
the
first
time
you're,
seeing
this
either
way
we
have
a
great
program
lined
up
for
you.
We
have
a
bunch
of
new
objects
for
today
and
we
have
our
volunteers
waiting
to
guide
you
through
the
rest
of
the
program.
So
let's
get
this
started.
B
However,
before
we
all
get
started
with
the
program,
I
want
to
give
you
a
couple
tips
to
enjoy
this
program
better.
First,
one
is
to
go
to
your
youtube
settings
generally
as
the
upper
right
corner
under
your
sign
here.
Just
click
on
it
and
you
will
find
something
called
dark
theme
turn
it
on.
The
second
tip
I
want
to
give
you
is:
go
to
the
the
right
bottom
corner
of
the
youtube
and
find
this
gear
and
click
on
it
and
and
pick
720p.
B
B
Okay,
all
right,
so
I
want
to
take
few
minutes
to
introduce
our
club
and
who
we
are,
but
we
do
those
of
you
who
have
seen
this
before
well,
hang
on
and
those
of
you
who
are
joining
us
for
the
first
time
here
it
is,
we
are
scientists,
astronomical
association.
We
call
ourselves
sjaa.
Sometimes
we
are
established
in
1954
as
an
educational
organization,
primarily
focus.
Our
focus
is
astronomy
and
related
sciences.
B
We
are
located
in
san
jose
california,
specifically
in
hoagie
park,
san
jose,
california,
and
we
have
a
lot
of
events
for
our
members
as
well
as
for
our
general
public.
So
I
want
to
take
a
couple
of
minutes
talking
about
the
events
that
we
generally
offer
to
the
public,
now
keep
in
mind
that
we
are
in
a
special
time
right
now
because
of
the
koi
19
situation.
B
B
B
So
it's
not
only
star
parties.
We
also
have
public
talks
that
we
do.
We
have
introduction
to
astronomy,
astronomy,
101
talks,
there's
one
talk
that
happened
called
astronomy
101.
Just
yesterday,
we
have
once
a
month
guest
speaker
programs,
where
we
invite
people
who
are
very
knowledgeable
people
in
astronomy,
professors,
researchers
and
ask
them
to
talk
about
their
subject
areas
and
that's
what
we
do
once
a
month
and
and
and
so
forth.
So
those
are
our
public
talks.
We
also
do
school
staff
parties
for
the
neighborhood
schools.
B
B
So
these
are
all
our
public
programs
we
offer
to
people
out
there.
Public
programs
are
not
the
only
ones
we
do.
We
also
have
membership.
It's
twenty
dollars
a
year
quite
cheap,
but
our
membership
comes
with
some
special
benefits.
Some
of
them
could
be
doing
imaging
workshops.
Imaging
is
astrophotography.
B
We
have
beginner
training
if
you're
a
beginner
you're,
starting
with
astronomy.
We
would
help
you
to
get
started,
we'll
help
you
to
choose
equipment
using
our
loner
telescope
program
and
have
a
quick
start
program
that
we
have.
We
have
a
library,
that's
full
of
books,
astronomy
books,
our
members
can
borrow,
and,
lastly,
we
do
private
events,
we
can
open
up
dark
sky
sites
for
our
members
and
you
can
go
and
enjoy
night
sky
with
your
fellow
members.
B
B
Let
me
now
slowly
get
started
with
today's
program
here.
First,
I
want
to
introduce
all
our
volunteers.
Well
myself.
Here
my
name
is
khanj.
I
am
the
person
that
usually
organized
the
intern
star
parties
that
we
have
and
also
I
run
the
loner
telescope
program
for
the
club
and
next
comes
carl
and
rashi.
B
Swami
swami
is
an
expression
of
the
club.
Today,
he's
going
to
be
our
youtube
moderator
for
this
program
and
then
comes
glenn
and
bruce
glen
and
bruce
are
our
imaging
program.
Leaders
imaging
program
is
our
astrophotography
program.
If
I
know
there
are
a
lot
of
interest
in
this
bay
area
for
astrophotography,
if
you're
interested
in
this,
I
encourage
you
to
reach
out
to
these
two
gentlemen
and
they
have
a
wealth
of
information
and
helpful
programs
that
you
can
benefit
from
all
right.
So
then
comes
wolf
wolf.
B
You
may
have
seen
it
because
wolf
does
the
solar
program
he's
a
small
program
leader
and
he
also
does
the
astronomy
101
talks,
which
he
just
did
yesterday
and
today
he's
going
to
help
us
with
this
program.
All
right
so,
lastly,
well
not
that
not.
Lastly,
we
have
nicola
and
joe
nicola
and
joe
are
our
you
know
imaging
program
members.
They
are
going
to
help
us
today
with
some
live
views
and
to
show
what
they
have
done
in
their
imaging
with
their
images
and
describe
about
them.
B
B
B
They
are
all
three
of
them
are
high
school
students
and
they
were
very
interested
in
astronomy
and
and
they
are
actually
going
to
present
today
with
russian
carl
and
so
those
of
you
out
there
who
could
be
students
high
school
students,
college
students.
I
encourage
you
to
reach
out
to
us
and
if
you're
interested
in
astronomy,
if
you're
learning,
astronomy
or
you're
just
interested.
If
you
want
to
help
out
you're
welcome,
just
which
I'll
reach
out
to
us
and
somebody
will
respond.
B
B
B
Then
we
will
dive
into
the
main
program,
which
is
the
armchair
observing
and
after
that
we
have
a
a
special
session
called
night
vision.
Observing
we
will
see
how
it
is
today
is
kind
of.
Unfortunately,
the
weather
here
in
the
bay
area
is
quite
warm
and
cloudy.
So,
but
don't
worry,
we
have
ways
to
compensate
so
we'll
see
how
the
night
vision
observing
goes.
B
C
C
First,
let's
check
the
weather.
It's
been
extremely
hot
during
the
day
and
tonight
there
are
some
clouds,
but
no
worries.
We're
gonna
still
have
a
great
tour
of
the
august
highlights.
I
know,
for
some
of
us
to
figure
out.
What's
up
in
the
sky
can
be
overwhelming,
just
because
there's
just
so
much
to
see
and
things
do
change
throughout
the
entire
year
and
that's
why
we
have
selected
a
list
of
perfect
objects
for
tonight's
sky
tour
on
the
top
of
my
list.
I
do
have
double
star
and
there
are
different
types.
C
C
C
C
Not
here
absolutely
today
is
definitely
a
dark
day
so
for
the
year
2020
this
year,
donkeys
begin
in
late
july,
and
it
will
continue
into
early
september
and
again
happy
dog
days,
everybody
back
to
our
nice
guy
objects,
in
addition
to
the
others
that
I
mentioned,
we'll
also
get
to
see
a
couple
of
planets
that
appear
to
be
close
together
this
time
around
as
observed
from
earth.
You
probably
already
know
by
looking
at
the
the
screen
up
there,
nancy.
C
So
you're
talking
about
the
one
on
the
lower
right
of
the
screen-
yeah,
oh
okay,
so
that's
a
special
setup!
Conch
and
joe
will
talk
about
this
portable
and
rather
unconventional
way
to
set
up
an
astral
gear.
Okay,
so
there
a
symbol
of
different
objects
in
the
sky.
Just
for
you
now,
as
you
tour
the
night
sky
with
us,
please
notice
that
unless
stated
otherwise,
the
images
are
taken
by
our
members
and
they
are
absolutely
stunning,
okay
and
that
credit
go
to
majority
of
it
goes
to
our
imaging
team.
C
C
D
Hey
nancy,
how
are
you
and
how
is
everybody
out
there?
Thank
you
for
joining
us
tonight.
I
hope
it's
not
too
hot,
where
you're
sitting
such
that
you
can
enjoy
the
next
hour
or
so
with
us
here
without
melting
into
a
puddle,
so
yeah.
So
what
nancy
is
showing
right
now
on
screen
is
kind
of
the
capture
of
the
setup,
as
it
was
a
few
days
ago
when
I
was
kind
of
practicing
for
tonight's
event,
but
I
can
try
to
show
you
what
it
looks
like
right
now.
D
And
then
you
know
here
is
kind
of
what
it
looked
like
when
the
telescope
was
first
swinging
into
position
to
look
at
tonight's
object,
so
yeah,
so
here
it
is
turning
getting
ready
to
find
the
object
that
we're
interested
in
for
tonight,
and
then
that
gets
us
to
here.
This
is
what
it
looks
like
right
now
in
my
backyard,
just
with
the
porch
light
on,
so
you
can
still
see
the
telescope.
D
You
know
pointing
to
where
we
just
moved
it
and
it
is
trained
on
the
object
that
we
will
look
at
together.
A
little
bit
later
cross
your
fingers
that
we're
not
going
to
get
clouds.
There
were
some
earlier
and
they
cleared
up
you
know
so,
let's
hope
it
stays
the
way.
It
is
so
that
I
can
show
you
a
live
view
later
here,
so
yeah
and
the
telescope
that
you're,
seeing
maybe
I'll
go
back
to
you
know
this
view
just
so
it's
a
little
more
clear.
D
This
is
a
refractor
which
means
it's
built
with
lenses,
and
you
know
this
is.
This
is
really
a
pretty
temporary
setup.
In
fact,
this
is
kind
of
a
new
telescope.
I
got
well
actually
many
months
ago,
but
because
of
covet
19
I
barely
used
it.
So
I
really
wanted
to
try
it
out
for
tonight
and
so
we're
gonna,
you
know,
try
it
out
together.
So
thanks
nancy,
you
want
to
go
ahead
and
share
the
other
slide
again.
Let's
see
anything
else
worth
saying
on
that.
E
A
E
E
So
this
is
a
schmidt,
casagrain,
telescope
design
and
what
it
is
it's
actually
quite
compact
like
you
can
see.
You
know
I
can
just
pick
it
up
here
with
one
arm,
it's
about
about
15,
15,
so
pounds
or
so
there's
a
mirror
right
here
near
the
front
of
the
objective
and
then
another
mirror
back
here
and
light
entering
the
telescope
goes
through
the
front
hits
the
back.
Mirror
reflects
off
the
front,
mirror
and
then
goes
through
the
back
where
the
camera
is
normally
installed.
E
All
right
and
over
here
on
the
lower
right
you'll
see
I
have
the
cascarine
telescope
sitting
on
an
equatorial
mount.
That's
you
know
this
tripod,
you
see
here
and
I'm
at
this
event
called
the
golden
state
star
party
and
during
the
course
of
this
night.
My
telescope
is
capturing
images
and
I
also
happen
to
do
a
time
lapse
of
of
this
setup.
E
E
E
Right
right,
there's
all
these
red
streaks
of
light
going
back
and
forth.
That
happens
to
be
my
headlamp
and
when
you're
at
a
star
party,
like
the
golden
state
star
party,
everyone
wears
red
headlamps,
which
I
mentioned
before,
is
helps
to
preserve
your
night
vision.
And
so
that's.
What's
going
on
back
and
forth,
it
looks
like
red
lightning,
but
it's
actually
just
my
headlamp
different
people's
headlights.
C
Okay,
so
that
was
joe.
Thank
you
joe
thank
you
yeah,
so
jill
first
attended
sj
at
in
town
star
party
many
years
ago,
as
a
student
to
learn
more
about
night
sky
and
tonight
he
just
came
back
and
showed
us
some
views
through
his
telescope
in
night
vision.
Thank
you
both
wolf
and
joe,
and
we'll
see
you
guys
again
shortly
in
the
armchair
observing
segment.
C
C
B
I
thought
I
mean
unmuted,
myself
nancy.
We
are
not
going
to
talk
about
refracted
telescopes.
We
did
talk
about
respective
telescopes
last
time
we
refractor
telescopes
has
a
lens
in
the
front
of
the
telescope
to
do
the
light
gathering
well
equally
important.
There
is
another
design
for
the
reflecting
telescopes,
which,
instead
of
a
lens
uses,
mirrors
to
do
the
light
gathering.
So
these
are
two
different
examples
of
reflected
type
telescopes,
the
the
one
in
the
left
and
the
one
in
the
right.
Seemingly
look
about
you
know
similar
size
but
they're.
B
Actually,
not
the
the
one
in
the
right
is
actually
what
we
call
a
tabletop
telescope,
it's
fairly
small.
You
can
hold
it
with
one
hand:
you
can
take
it
and
put
it
on
a
car
seat
and
easily
move
it.
The
one
on
the
left
is
a
fairly
large
telescope
and
actually
in
practice,
if
you
go
to
star
party,
you
would
see
that
the
telescope
could
be
as
tall
as
a
grown
person
or
even
bigger.
B
So
and
if
you
go
to
star
party,
you
might
see
that
there
are
some
telescopes
where
people
have
to
climb
up
two
or
three
steps
in
a
ladder.
That's
a
reflector
type
of
telescope,
these
type
of
telescopes
they
use
a
set
of
mirrors,
there's
one
called
a
primary
mirror
and
one
called
a
secondary
mirror
to
collect
and
and
manipulate
light.
So
I
have
some
word
in
here
called
dobsonian
that
I
put
it
in
here
just
because
this
type
of
design
is
also
called
a
dobsonian
design.
B
So
if
you
go
to
a
star
body-
and
you
see
it
as
cough-
and
you
ask
someone
else-
you
know
what
kind
of
telescope
is
that
and
that
person
says:
oh,
that's
a
darb
or
a
dogsonian.
Well,
that's
still
a
reflecting
telescope!
It's
named
after
a
famous
telescope
designer
called
john
dobson.
He
happened
to
be
a
bay
area
resident
and-
and
this
kind
of
telescopes
got
really
popular-
that
he
designed
among
the
the
amateur
astronomies
of
folks.
C
B
Yes,
nancy,
so
that's
going
to
be
the
next
slide,
so
hopefully
my
computer
will
cooperate.
Oh
there,
you
go
all
right,
so
this
is
how
the
inside
of
the
telescope
looked
like
now
again
on
the
right
here.
You
would
see
the
two
telescopes
I
just
showed
you.
This
is
the
the
the
table
top
type,
and
this
is
the
dobsonian
type.
If
you
take
the
tube
and
if
you
cut
in
half
this
is
what
you
would
see
inside.
B
Well,
let's
see
how
this
works.
You
have
a
galaxy
out
here
and
the
light
from
the
galaxy
comes
through
the
tube
of
the
telescope
and
at
the
very
bottom
of
the
telescope.
You
have
a
mirror,
and
this
is
a
code
mirror.
It's
called
a
concave
mirror
and
the
mirror
is
such
a
way
that
this
parallel
light
that
comes
with
this
tube
gets
bent
in
such
a
way
that
it
comes
to
a
focus
somewhere
at
the
very
top
of
this
tube.
Here.
B
C
B
C
C
B
This
is,
this
is
called
the
eyepiece
kind
of
looks
like
a
magnifying
glass
right,
so
that's
kind
of
what
it
does
if
you
take.
If
you
want
to
just
magnify
something,
you
put
the
magnifying
glass
between
your
eye
here
and
say
the
object
here,
and
you
move
that
back
and
forth
to
get
the
right
focus
and
magnification.
B
That's
exactly
what
this
piece
does
now.
How
it
looks
like
in
real
life
is
like
this,
so
this
is
called
an
eyepiece,
and
this
one
here
is
called
an
eyepiece.
So
what
it
does
is
it
does
the
magnification?
You
need
to
see
the
object
you
want
to
see
now.
Normally
these
eyepieces
are
interchangeable.
So,
if
you
go
to
a
star
party,
you
would
see
the
people
who
are
manipulating
telescopes.
They
will,
you
know,
pick
one
this
thing
up
and
move
it.
B
You
know
replace
it
with
something
else
to
get
the
different
level
of
magnification,
either
higher
or
lower
magnification
depends
on
what
they
want
to
see
and
that's
what
this
this
thing
does,
and
normally
it
can
be
moved
by
these
little
knobs
here,
which
is
what
we
call
a
focuser.
So
you
go
back
and
forth
just
like
you,
you
more
a
magnifier
that
you
use,
so
that's
the
design
of
a
telescope.
So
what
it
does
is
it
actually
gathers
a
lot
of
light.
The
bigger
this
primary
mirror,
the
more
light
you
collect.
B
The
more
information
you
collect
and
the
gathered
light
needs
to
be
magnified
because,
even
if
you
look
at
a
moon,
the
moon
is
very
bright
object,
but
you
really
can
you
can
stay
at
the
moon?
All
you
want,
but
you
can't
really
see
the
craters
of
the
moon
in
that
details.
In
order
to
see
the
detail
you
need
to
magnify
so
two
functions.
Reflective
telescope
does
just
like
what
I
described
before
the
last
segment,
the
refractive
telescope.
Does.
B
This
test
is
in
a
different
way,
so
one
last
thing
I
want
to
say
is
like
most
of
the
large
telescopes
that
you
would
see
or
hear
about
like
the
the
hubble
space
telescope
or
the
keck
telescope
in
mauna,
kea
and
so
forth.
All
of
those
are
some
sort
of
a
reflector
design.
It's
they're
not
generally
just
reflective
design,
but
they
have
a
reflector
component
for
it.
They
have
mirrors
associated
with
those
telescopes,
so
there
you
go.
C
All
right
so,
thank
you,
so
essentially
they
both
work
under
the
same
set
of
principles,
but
just
different
designs.
Yes
right.
Okay,
thank
you!
That
was
quite
informative
and
I
did
learn
a
lot
from
you
now
that
you've
got
a
glimpse
of
this
equipment
and
then
understand
that
how
they
work
in
just
a
little
while
we
get
to
see
these
telescopes
in
action.
Okay.
So
if
you're
new
to
this,
when
we
talk
about
planets
stars
and
night
sky,
I'm
sure
there
are
many
questions
that
come
to
mind.
C
A
Awesome,
thank
you.
Nancy
appreciate
that
great
job
you
guys
so
my
name
is
rashi.
Welcome
to
the
night
sky
segment
I'll,
be
co-hosting
this
segment
with
carl
and
our
wonderful
interns,
lippika,
chelsea
and
sophie
now
what
we
typically
do
for
the
folks
that
are
joining
us
for
the
first
time.
What
we
typically
do
is
we
go
over
some
content
and
we
serenade
you
with
a
lot
of
wonderful
pictures
that
have
been
taken
by
sj
members.
A
We
talk
about
some
facts.
We
talk
about
highlights
of
the
month
that
are,
you
know
that
are
key.
That
are
fun,
that
you
can
actually
go
and
action
on
which
means
go
out
and
take
a
look
at
that
night
itself
or
during
the
course
of
the
month,
and
then,
after
that
we
walk
you
through
the
night
sky
using
a
planetarium
application.
A
We've
got
a
little
bit
of
a
surprise
for
you
this
time
around
so
stay
tuned.
I'm
not
going
to
tell
you
exactly
what
it
is,
but
stay
tuned
it'll
be
a
lot
of
fun
for
you
and
we're
going
to
do
something
different
with
the
planetarium
app
and
it's
a
way
to
enable
you
to
learn
more
about
the
night
sky
very
quickly
and
rapidly.
A
You're
absolutely
right,
there's
a
lot
in
the
night
sky,
a
whole
universe
worth
a
lot
in
the
night
scan
we're
just
scratching
the
surface.
On
this
slide
and
of
course
we
don't
have
much
time
so
we're
going
to
keep
it
short,
but
let's
take
a
look
at
some
things
that
we
can
see
either
with
our
naked
eyes
or
with
a
little
bit
of
assisted
viewing
binoculars
and
some
telescopes.
A
So
we'll
start
off
with
our
solar
system
on
the
top
left.
Let
me
get
the
pointer
enabled
here
and
when
we
talk
about
our
solar
system,
let's
start
off
with
our
sun
or
our
star.
The
sun
is
a
star.
It's
a
yellow
dwarf.
Our
solar
system
is
a
one
star
system
and,
of
course,
around
the
sun
happen
to
be
planets
and
dwarf
planets.
We've
got
eight
planets
and
five
dwarf
planets,
and
these
planets
and
dwarf
planets
also
end
up
having
moons
our
earth
has
one
moon.
A
Mars
has
two
moons
jupiter
is
in
second
place
79
and
saturn
at
first
place
with
82..
What
else
do
we
see
in
the
night
sky,
at
least
in
the
scope
of
our
solar
system?
We
get
to
see
other
satellites,
we
get
to
see
asteroids,
meteor
showers,
right,
shooting
stars
and,
of
course,
comets
and
not
talking
about
comets.
We
did
have
a
comet
visitor
last
month.
A
We
will
show
you
some
beautiful
images
of
the
comets
again
actually
on
the
next
slide
in
just
a
few
moments
and
we'll
explain
a
couple
of
things
about
comets
as
well
that
you
might
find
very,
very
interesting
now
coming
back
to
our
star.
Our
sun,
which
is
a
yellow
dwarf,
is
a
is
just
one
star
in
our
solar
system.
Right,
you
see
it
throughout
the
day.
Keeps
us
warm
keeps
us
alive,
but
you
can
have
stars
that
are
in
multiple
different
other
configurations.
A
So
let's
look
at
binary
star
systems
right,
binding,
star
systems,
binary,
meaning
two,
so
you
would
have
two
suns
if
they
are
gravitationally
bound
there
either
one
is
orbiting
the
other
or
they
might
be
in
a
spiral
dance
in
the
heavens,
they're
gravitationally
bound.
That
happens
to
be
a
true
binary
star
system.
A
visual
binary
is
when
they
look
like
they're,
very
close
to
each
other,
but
in
three-dimensional
space
they
actually
might
be
pretty
far
apart.
That's
when
we
have
a
visual
binary.
A
These
open
clusters
will
disperse
further
out
millions
and
millions
millions
of
years
out,
but
then
we've
got
another
type
of
cluster
that
we
can
take
a
look
at,
which
is
a
globular
cluster,
a
very,
very
dense
structure
of
stars
from
tens
of
thousands
to
hundreds
of
thousands
of
stars,
maybe
even
close
to
a
million.
Now
these
dense
structures,
these
labyrinth
clusters,
are
ancient
structures.
A
We
have
about
150
of
these
pretty
much
navigating
or
orbiting
our
own
galaxy
and
they
it
is
theorized
that
they
are
cores
of
smaller
galaxies
galaxy,
that
our
galaxy
has
milky
way
has
consumed.
But
these
cores,
these
remnants
are
have
stayed
around
and
they're
pretty
much
going
around
our
galaxy
through
the
core
of
our
galaxy.
A
A
Within
these
constellations
there
are
human
recognizable
patterns
called
asterisms,
so
we'll
get
to
see
a
teapot
tonight
we'll
get
to
see
a
pan
and
panhandle.
We
actually
do
have
that
pan
and
pan
handle
right
in
front
of
us.
So
these
four
stars
from
the
pan
and
then
the
three
stars
form
a
handle,
and
this
you
will
find
in
ursa
major
the
big
dipper.
A
We
also
have
star
clouds,
dense
structures
of
lot
of
a
lot
of
stars,
and
we
call
the
star
clouds
and
then
nebulae,
which
are
massive
clouds
of
interstellar
gas
and
dust,
and
especially
when
the
density
of
these
nebulas
is
high.
They
are
star-forming
regions
or
stellar
nurseries,
and
that's
where
stars
are
born,
so
we'll
actually
get
to
see
a
as
nancy
mentioned
a
diffused
nebula
later
on
tonight
and,
of
course,
to
contain
all
of
this.
A
Now
we
talked
about
that.
We
had
a
comet
visitor.
So
let's
take
a
look
at
a
couple
of
beautiful
images.
Actually,
a
few
images
of
comet
neovibes
common
neonize
was
discovered
on
march
27th
by
the
neo-vice
space
telescope
last
month,
middle
early
to
mid
july.
It
was
actually
visible
to
the
naked
eye
and
it
won't
come
back
for
another
6
800
years
now.
Could
you
still
see
it
in
the
night
sky
you
potentially
could
not,
but
not
with
the
naked
eye.
A
You
would
need
either
very
very
powerful,
binoculars
or
a
telescope,
but
it
would
be
very
faint
as
it
is
rapidly
moving
away
from
us.
I
do
want
to
pull
your
attention
to
this
middle
bottom
middle
picture
of
the
comet
taken
by
hithesh
and
it
showcases
two
tails.
The
brighter
curved
tail
is
a
dust
tail
of
particulates
and
gases,
and
it's
pretty
much
reflecting
the
light
of
the
sun
and,
as
a
result,
you're
getting
to
see
that
gray
color
reflecting
off,
but
the
other
tail
has
a
bluish
color
to
it.
A
So
let
me
explain
what
happens
now.
Comets
typically,
are
massive
pieces
of
rock
with
a
lot
of
ice
frozen
ice.
Now.
That
ice
is
not
necessarily
water
ice,
but
ice
of
methane,
ammonia,
carbon
dioxide,
carbon
monoxide,
cyanide
and
other
constituents.
But
those
are
the
major
consists
constituents
found
to
date
for
ice
on
comets
now,
as
this
comet
gets
closer
to
the
sun,
the
ultraviolet
light
ends
up
energizing
carbon
monoxide,
creating
diatomic
carbon
ions
and
they
end
up
glowing
blue
and
they
get
pushed
away
from
the
sun
in
the
opposite
direction
of
the
sun.
A
Due
to
the
pressure
of
the
solar
winds
and
that's
why
you
get
to
see
the
straight
line
as
a
streamer
shooting
off
in
the
opposite
direction
of
the
sun,
beautiful
beautiful
picture
on
the
right
hand,
side
we've
got
two
images
taken
by
rick
post
july
4th
his
neighbor
actually
had
some
extra
fireworks
that
he
was.
He
was
lighting
up
and
nick
was
able
to
capture
these
two
beautiful
images
through
the
fireworks.
A
But
what's
interesting
about
the
bottom
right
image,
you
can
actually
see
a
green
hue,
what
we
call
green
coma
of
the
comet
so
when
the
comet
gets
even
closer
to
the
sun,
a
lot
of
that
ice
starts
to
melt
and
we
end
up
with
a
diffused
particle
layer
of
gases
and
particles
enveloping
the
core
of
the
nucleus
of
the
of
the
comet,
and
we
have
an
abundance
of
diatomic
carbon
molecules
and
cyanide
molecules
and
as
a
result,
carl,
you
mind
going
on
mute
carl.
Can
you
go
on
mute?
Please
cut
awesome,
sorry
about
that
guys.
A
G
A
Right
over
there
yep
so
saturn
and
jupiter,
and
then
on
the
other
side
we
have
uranus
and
mars.
Now,
carl
on
early
in
the
morning,
I
think
around
3
15
a.m
and
we'll
move
over
to
the
next
slide.
So
in
the
top
left,
we
get
to
see
some
more
artifacts
that
show
up
right
above
the
eastern
horizon.
You
want
to
talk
about
that
as
well.
A
F
A
A
H
Yeah,
so
the
first
mission
was
the
mars
2020
perseverance
rover
which
launched
on
july
30th,
and
it's
on
its
way,
right
now
to
mars,
planned
to
arrive
on
february
18
2021.
when
it
gets
there,
it's
going
to
search
for
signs
of
ancient
microbial
life,
which
will
help
us
answer
our
questions
about
the
past
habitability
on
mars.
The
rover
will
drill
core
samples
of
rock
and
soil,
and
then
it's
going
to
store
them
for
scientists
to
later
analyze.
The.
H
Yeah,
so
the
second
image
is
the
dragon,
which
is
a
privately
developed
spacecraft
from
spacex,
the
first
ever
private
company
to
have
carried
astronauts
to
orbit
dragon.
This
time
the
mission
was
to
carry
cargo
to
the
iss
as
well
as
two
astronauts,
so
just
at
the
beginning
of
this
month
on
august
it
splashed
at
sea.
G
A
Absolutely
we'll
definitely
be
touching
on
the
summer
triangle
quite
a
bit
in
this
show,
but
it
is.
It
is
a
beautiful
structure
to
go
and
take
a
look
at
three
bright
stars
belonging
to
three
different
constellations
and,
of
course,
when
you
turn
on
these
imaginary
lines
in
your
head
and
you
go
and
take
a
look.
A
So
we
talked
about
a
bunch
of
planets
being
visible
to
the
night
sky,
and
there
are
two
planets
that
we
really
want
to
focus
in
on
and
hone
in
on
are
jupiter
and
saturn.
Jupiter
and
saturn
are
the
fifth
and
sixth
planets
they
are
the
biggest
planets
in
our
solar
system.
Now
jupiter,
jupiter
and
saturn
are
also
massive.
I
mean
they
are
massive
gas
giants
and
what
we're
going
to
do
is
we're
going
to
segue
into
some
informational,
slides
where
chelsea,
lipica
and
sophie
are
going
to
talk
about
jupiter
and
saturn.
H
Yeah
so
just
like
rashi
said
jupiter
is
the
king
kong
planet
of
our
solar
system.
It's
more
it's
more
than
twice
as
massive
as
all
the
other
planets,
combined,
so
being
a
gas
giant.
Its
atmosphere
is
composed
primarily
of
hydrogen
and
helium.
So
that's
the
same
helium
that
we
in
the
balloons
we
suck
air
out
of
to
give
us
the
high-pitched
force.
J
The
fifth
planet
in
our
solar
system,
jupiter,
is
located
5.2
astronomical
units
from
our
own
planet.
Its
rotational
period
is
the
shortest
of
all
planets
10
hours
in
only
10
hours.
The
same
time
it
takes
to
fly
from
california
to
japan.
Jupiter
has
completed
an
entire
rotation.
Its
orbital
period
is
almost
12
years.
Long
jupiter
also
has
an
incredibly
strong
magnetic
field
that
blasts
surrounding
areas
and
particles.
J
K
H
Not
only
is
jupiter
the
largest
planet,
but
it
also
has
79
moons,
making
it
the
second
place
winner
among
all
the
other
planets.
The
four
most
known
and
largest
moons
on
jupiter
are
io,
europa,
gammameade
and
kalisto.
All
these
were
discovered
by
the
amazing
galileo.
Gamma
mead
is
the
largest
moon
in
the
entire
solar
system,
and
it's
the
only
moon
to
have
its
own
magnetic
field.
J
The
stripes
seen
on
the
surface
of
jupiter
are
clouds
of
ammonia
and
water.
Although
toxic
to
humans,
jupiter's
atmosphere
creates
beautiful,
swirls
and
bands
that
it
is
well
known
for
due
to
jupiter's
fast
spinning
jet
streams
are
formed.
These
jet
streams
create
the
dark
and
bright
belts
seen
on
its
surface.
H
K
J
The
yellow
and
gold
bands
seen
in
saturn's
atmosphere
are
the
result
of
super
fast
winds
which
can
reach
up
to
1100
miles
per
hour
two
times
the
typical
cruising
airspeed
of
a
long
distance
passenger
aircraft,
the
large
white
spot
visible
in
saturn's
upper
hemisphere,
are
reoccurring,
storms,
the
difference
in
density
between
water
and
saturn's.
Hydrogen
and
helium
atmosphere
causes
cooling
and
eventually,
a
thunderstorm
to
form
these
storms
occur
every
20
to
30
years
and
have
been
observed
only
six
times
over
the
past
140
years.
J
H
Saturn
has
82
moons,
making
it
the
winner,
amongst
all
the
other
planets
in
the
solar
system.
My
two
favorites
are
titan
and
enceladus
because
they
are
both
potential
candidates
for
life.
Titan
has
the
organic
compounds.
We
need,
plus
it's
exactly
how
our
initial
earth
used
to
be
a
big
ball
of
methane
enceladus,
on
the
other
hand,
is
cold
and
has
an
icy
surface.
Evidence
from
the
cassini
probe
suggests
that
underneath
its
icy
surface,
it
has
a
vast
liquid
ocean.
Also
a
fun
way
to
remember.
The
moon.
Enceladus
is
to
think
of
enchiladas
when
most
people.
A
J
When
most
think
of
saturn,
they
usually
think
of
saturn
same
as
ring
system
named
in
an
a2g
system
and
each
orbiting
saturn
at
unique
speeds.
These
seven
rings
are
made
up
of
chunks
of
ice
and
rock
believed
to
be
products
of
broken
asteroids
and
comets.
The
rings
are
also
growing
and
being
fueled
by
saturn's
moon,
enceladus
enceladus
has
ice
volcanoes
which
pump
the
moon's
water
directly
to
the
rings.
J
A
Wow
that
was
amazing,
guys
so
much
information
that
you
guys
shared
absolutely
brilliant.
Now
we
learned
when
we
talked
about
jupiter
that
jupiter's
diameter
is
roughly
about
11
earth
widths
and
saturn's.
Diameter
is
roughly
about
nine
and
a
half
earth
widths.
So
I
have
a
question
for
the
folks
on
the
stream.
A
A
A
A
1
000
all
right.
No,
no!
No
kant
we're
not
going
to
kick
anyone
out.
No,
no!
No
karen
says
1500
wow,
awesome
guesses,
guys
you
guys
are
pretty
darn
close.
We
can
actually
have
about
1
300
earths
that
can
fit
inside
jupiter.
Now,
if
we
did
the
same
exercise
with
saturn,
we
would
end
up
with
about
764
earths
that
could
fit
inside
saturn.
Now,
of
course,
that's
excluding
the
rings.
Okay.
A
A
I
mean
yes,
our
sun
is
a
yellow
dwarf,
so
it
is
relatively
a
smaller
sun,
but
it's
still
pretty
darn
big,
so
1300
hertz
could
fit
inside
jupiter
and
about
a
thousand
jupiters
could
fit
inside
the
sun.
Doing
some
simple
multiplication,
1.3
million
earths
could
fit
inside
the
sun.
That's
a
lot
of
earths.
A
On
a
solar
sunday,
talk
he's
got
a
beautiful
video
that
talks
about
different
types
of
sounds
and
different
sizes
of
suns,
and
just
to
just
to
intrigue
you
a
little
bit.
Imagine
if
the
biggest
known
sun
happened
to
be
a
massive
beach
ball.
Our
sun
would
be
just
a
ballpoint
pen,
dot
on
a
piece
of
paper
next
to
it.
So
hopefully
you'll
join
wolf
in
the
solar
sunday
and
get
to
see
this
amazing
video
and,
of
course,
all
the
other
content
that
he
talks
about.
A
Now
we
did
talk
about
a
little
bit
of
a
surprise
for
you,
so
we
were
definitely
shooting
for
some
live
views
of
jupiter
and
saturn,
but
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
reach
out
to
our
astro
imagers
and
see
if
clouds
have
cleared
up,
if
not,
I'm
sure
that
they
have
some
very
recent
pictures
or
videos
that
they
can
share
with
us
glenn.
How
is
it
looking
out
there.
M
So,
first
of
all,
just
to
get
oriented
here's
my
telescope
as
it's
currently
pointing
at
jupiter
and
there's
actually
a
couple
different
telescopes
on
here.
I'm
using
this
big
12
inch,
richie
critean
reflector
for
the
planets
tonight
and
then,
if
we
get
to
see
the
globular
cluster
it'll,
be
this
smaller
refractor
on
the
top
and
there's
actually
four
different
cameras
that
were
utilizing
for
that.
M
Let
me
jump
over
to
the
telescope
screen
in
the
upper
right
here.
This
is
a
camera
on
the
top
of
my
house
so
that
I
can
see
what's
going
on
with
the
weather,
and
you
see
here
this
white
little
white
dot,
there
is
actually
jupiter.
It
just
came
out
behind
from
behind
this
palm
tree.
You
can
see
in
the
lower
right
here.
M
This
is
stellarium
with
a
model
of
my
surroundings,
so
this
big
black
area
is
the
palm
tree,
and
this
is
jupiter
that
just
came
out
from
behind
it,
but
you
can
see
that
there's
a
bunch
of
clouds
around
this.
This
white
dot,
which
is
jupiter
and
on
the
lower
left
over
here,
you'll,
see
that
that's
the
live
view
of
jupiter
as
it
as
it
peaks
in
and
out
from
these
clouds
and
the
the
focus
is,
is
fuzzy
because
it's
relatively
low
in
the
in
the
sky.
M
It's
about
30
degrees
in
elevation.
So
there's
lots
and
lots
of
atmosphere
that
we're
looking
through
and
that's
why
the
focus
kind
of
goes
in
and
out
as
we're
as
we're
watching
that,
and
so
you
know
to
get
a
good
sharp
views
of
that
people
do
what's
called
lucky
imaging
where
they
take
just
a
whole
bunch
of
video
frames,
the
faster
the
better
and
then
try
to
put
those
together
taking
the
best
sections,
the
best
frames
to
construct
an
image,
and
I
can
give
you
a
little
preview
of
that,
while
that's
going
there.
M
M
M
A
E
E
So
we're
going
to
start
off
with
an
image
from
2018,
and
this
was
a
visible
light
image
of
saturn.
It
was
done,
you
know
visible
light
being
it
it's
these
the
same
colors
and
light
spectrum
that
our
eyes
see.
This
was
done
using
lucky
imaging.
So
basically
a
video
of
saturn
was
taken
and
because
saturn
tends
to
kind
of
shimmer
a
little
bit
as
the
air
is
not
that
steady.
It
tends
to
kind
of
wobble
in
the
sky.
E
Basically,
the
best
frames
from
saturn
were
pulled
out
and
those
frames
were
then
selected
for
stacking
and
sharpening,
and
then
you
get
this
beautiful
image
of
saturn
here
a
couple
of
things
about
this
image.
If
any
of
you
ever
get
a
chance
to
look
at
saturn
through
a
telescope
pay
attention
to
two
things:
to
see
how
good
your
view
of
saturn
is.
The
first
is,
if
you
can
see
this
space
between
the
planet,
the
edge
of
the
planet
here
and
the
edge
of
this
ring.
E
E
E
It's
used
for
a
lot
of
like
industrial
purposes.
It's
it's
very
naturally
occurring
both
in
the
ground
and
in
the
sea.
It's
formed
by
geological
biological
processes,
but
through
a
methane
filter.
Saturn
looks
completely
different
and
looks
like
this
glowing.
Glowing,
halo
and
it's
also,
the
frequency
of
methane-
is
also
outside
the
range
of
visible
light.
So
this
year
to
our
to
our
eyes,
we
don't
see
the
gas.
The
gas
is
completely
colorless,
but
through
the
filter.
E
So
this
goes
to
show
kind
of
like
where
in
saturn
are
all
of
the
you
know
using
different
filters.
You
can
get
a
sense
of
like
the
chemical
composition
of
saturn.
You
get
the
sense
of
okay,
there's
more
methane
in
the
rings
and
not
as
much
in
the
central
core
of
the
climate.
So
these
are
views
of
saturn,
and
one
more
thing
I'll
highlight
is
that
between
2017
and
2020
or
sorry,
2018
and
2020
between
these
two
images,
the
tilt
of
saturn
also
very
slightly
changed.
A
Awesome,
thank
you.
That
was
pretty
awesome
all
right.
Let
me
go
ahead
and
take
the
share
back
over.
So
now
we're
going
to
get
into
a
stellarium
application,
the
planetarium
application
called
stellar,
but
rather
than
going
into
the
desktop
application
like
we
typically
do
and
have
done
the
last
two
star
parties.
A
We
are
going
to
showcase
the
web
version
of
stellarium.
So
let's
take
a
look
at
the
web
app.
So
of
course
I
already
have
it
loaded
here.
You
would
go
into
stellarium.org
and
here
you
can
download
your
desktop
version
as
well,
but
there
is
an
icon
here
in
the
header
called
slurm
web.
It's
a
great
tool,
it's
an
easy
tool.
You
just
click
on
it.
It
should
give
me
a
pop-up
for
allowing
location
detection.
A
Some
browsers
do
some
browsers.
Don't
there
we
go,
allow
location
access,
I
will
agree
on
the
cookies
and
it
should
automatically
try
to
set
me
up
with
the
time
of
day
or
night,
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
take
a
quick
peek
at
the
view
settings
on
the
top
right
gear
icon.
Here
I
want
to
see
the
milky
way.
Yes,
dss
display
objects,
sure
simulate
refraction,
which
means
the
atmosphere
absolutely
will
go
ahead
and
click
close
and
click
on
the
hamburger
icon
to
close
the
left
side.
A
Menu
time
wise,
I
think
we're
at
the
right
time
roughly
about
9
46
947,
so
that
is
accurate
and
we
will
move
into
full
screen
mo
mode
by
clicking
on
this
square,
edged
icon
in
the
dock
below.
So
let's
go
ahead
and
do
that
perfect?
Now
we
are
in
full
screen
mode,
so
we
happen
to
be
looking
north
and
I
can
say
we're
looking
north
definitely
because,
of
course
I've
got
this
big
n
at
the
bottom
of
or
right
above
the
horizon.
So
I
know
I'm
looking
out,
but
carl
help
our
viewers
out
here.
G
A
Absolutely
right
so,
let's
go
and
find
that
pan
and
panhandle
can
you
guys
see
the
pan
and
panhandle
some
of
you
guys
in
the
stream,
if
you
can
type
in
yes,
but
here
you
go
here
is
the
pan
and
then,
of
course,
you've
got
an
handle
and
what
carl
was
talking
about
the
pointer
stars?
Let
me
go
back
to
the
drawing
tool
again,
actually
pick
a
different
one.
These
two
are
the
pointer
stars.
Now,
where
do
they
point?
They
point
directly
in
the
direction
of
polaris.
A
Now
you
can
also
follow
this
arc,
an
arc
to
arcturus
in
the
booties
constellation.
Of
course,
ursa
major
is
a
great
anchor
constellation
from
which
you
can
get
to
many
other
constellations
in
the
night
sky.
We
in
the
last
show
talked
about
arcturus
and
spica
and
virgo
and
how
to
navigate
through
some
of
the
other
constellations
and
structures,
but
our
focus
is
going
to
be
a
little
different
in
this
show
we're
going
to
focus
more
on
the
summer
triangle
and
then,
of
course,
how
do
we
get
to
the
southern
constellations
or
south
sky
constellations?
A
A
Now
this
is
a
application,
so
I
can
go
ahead
and
turn
on
those
imaginary
lines
that
otherwise
you
cannot
do
so
in
the
real
night
sky
and
we
will
overlay
that,
with
some
constellation
art,
to
show
you
what
our
ancestors
thought
of
or
dreamt
about
when
they
looked
at
the
heavens.
So
I'm
gonna
go
ahead
and
clear
out
very
quickly
these
drawings,
and
whoever
is
that's
not
speaking.
Could
you
please
go
on
mute.
I
A
So
let's
go
ahead
and
turn
the
constellations
on
and
there
you
go.
We've
turned
down
those
imaginary
lines
with
this
wonderful
web
application
and
you
can
see
the
ursa
major.
The
big
bear
constellation
lines
that
have
turned
on
you've
got
person
minor.
You
got
draco
the
dragon
wrapping
around
ursa,
minor
cepheus,
the
king
of
the
mythical
kingdom
of
ethiopia,
cassiopeia
his
wife
and
so
on,
and
so
on.
We'll
talk
a
little
bit
more
about
some
of
these
very
shortly,
but
let's
take
a
look
at
what
the
constellation
art
brings
for
us
now.
A
A
G
A
Yeah,
so
starting
from
the
east,
if
you
look
straight
up
pretty
much
goes
to
zenith,
we
have
vega
in
myra,
they
got
the
harp
star.
Lara
is
the
harp
constellation,
but
what
carl
was
alluding
to
earlier
on
is
the
left.
Two
stars
of
the
pan
will
point
directly
to
the
head
of
the
dragon,
but
if
you
continue
going,
you
can
actually
make
your
way
to
the
summer
triangle
and
pretty
much
get
in
the
vicinity
of
where
vega
happens
to
be
another
way
to
do.
This
really
is
on
the
right
two
stars,
the
pointer
stars.
A
What
we
have
is
moroccan
dubai.
If
you
go
from
this
one
right
through
ursa
minor,
you
can
get
to
the
summer
triangle
as
well.
So
that's
another
wonderful
trick
of
being
able
to
get
to
the
summer
triangle
now.
What
is
the
summer
triangle
summer
triangle?
Is
this
imaginary
triangle
in
the
night
sky
oops,
let
me
go
ahead
and
clear
that
arrow
out
go
back
to
mouse
mode
and
move
the
heavens
a
little
bit,
of
course
only
in
the
application.
I
wish
I
could
do
that
in
reality,
but
I
cannot
summer
triangle.
A
And
then
we've
got
altair,
which
is
the
heart
star
in
aquila,
the
eagle
or
aquila,
the
eagle,
the
nab,
the
tail
star
of
cygnus,
the
one
we
connect
all
three
we
end
up
with
the
summer
triangle
and
what's
really
cool
is
if
we
actually
made
an
arrow
out
of
this
such
that
altera
was
the
tip
of
the
arrow.
This
arrow
pretty
much
points
southward.
A
Now
we've
got
we're
going
to
be
looking
at
a
couple
of
different
artifacts
tonight
about
four
different
artifacts
tonight,
so
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
turn
off
the
the
constellation
art
for
right
now.
I'll
leave
the
constellation
lines
on,
but
alberio
is
that
visual
binary
that
we
were
talking
about?
Oh
that's,
not
the
one.
Let's
click
out
of
it
again
and
there
we
go
so
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
zoom
in
and
of
course,
this
is
not
going
to
do
any
justice.
A
The
image
that's
coming
up
for
you
guys
and
the
view
that's
coming
up
for
you
guys
in
the
amateur
observing
segment
that
is
going
to
do
amazing
justice.
But
what
you
really
get
to
see
here
is
that
it
splits
into
two
the
smaller
one
is
a
sapphire
blue
star
and
then
the
larger
one
is
a
beautiful
golden
star
again,
a
visual
binary,
which
means
in
three-dimensional
space
they're
pretty
far
apart.
But
from
our
vantage
point
they
look
pretty
close
to
each
other
and
they
seem
to
look
like
it.
A
A
A
On
the
left
hand,
side
you
can
get
to
see
other
names
for
it,
the
c12
and
there's
information.
It
actually
points
to
the
wikipedia
page
gives
you
some
information
right
here
as
well:
the
azimuth
and
altitude
and
so
on
and
so
forth.
But
let's
go
ahead
and
zoom
in
carl.
Do
you
remember
or
do
you
know
why
it's
actually
called
the
fireworks
galaxy.
A
Ten
massive
firecrackers
have
gone
off
in
that
spiral
galaxy
in
the
last
100
years.
That
is
amazing
and
two
of
our
astro
imagers
have
actually
been
able
to
capture
supernova
from,
I
believe,
2017
and
we'll
talk
about
that
now.
What's
interesting
and
of
course
this
is
absolutely
not
planned,
but
on
the
left
of
this
fireworks
galaxy
happens
to
be
a
cluster
of
stars,
an
open
cluster.
It
seems
like
let's
go
ahead
and
click
on
it.
Now,
as
I
said,
this
is
not
planned,
but
you
know
this
is
a
new
tool
that
we're
showcasing.
A
We
want
you
to
learn
this
tool,
but
this
is
how
sometimes
you
go
and
find
stuff
right
things
that
you
might
be,
that
might
look
interesting.
You
click
on
it
and
you
know,
take
a
look
and
see
what
it
might
be
called
and,
of
course
this
is
called
the
ghost
bush
cluster
and
apparently
its
other
name
is
the
flying
yeast
cluster
and
if
I
remember
right
memory
serves
me
right.
In
our
last
star
party,
we
took
a
look
at
the
wild
duck
cluster.
A
Now
we're
gonna
work
our
way
to
the
south,
and
of
course
you
see
this
amazing
streak
of
light
going
from
south
to
north,
and
that
is
the
arm
of
the
milky
way
and
as
the
night
progresses,
it
is
going
to
go
ahead
and
move
across
the
night
sky
from
east
to
the
west,
absolutely
beautiful.
If
you're
out
in
a
dark
sky
location,
you
should
be
able
to
see
this
milky
way.
A
A
Let's
draw
that
out,
and
here
you
have
it
that
is
maui's
fishhook
4
union.
It's
been
used
for
navigation
by
our
ancestors.
Now
again,
that
is
an
asterism
to
the
left
of
it.
How
many
of
you
actually
see
a
teapot
in
sagittarius?
If
you
do
raise
your
hands?
Of
course,
I'm
not
going
to
be
able
to
see
those
hands.
Oh,
I
guess
on
camera
I
can
thank
you
wolf.
I
saw
that
appreciate
it,
but
let's
go
and
draw
it
out
for
the
ones
that
cannot
see
the
teapot.
A
That
is
the
body
of
the
teapot
right
over
there.
The
handle
of
the
teapot,
the
lid
of
the
teapot
and
the
spout
of
the
tea
bot
I'll
draw
maui's
fish
took
again,
and
there
you
have
it,
and
right
in
between
these
right
about
here
is
the
center
of
our
galaxy.
So
our
massive
black
hole
at
the
center
of
galaxy,
roughly
about
30
000
light
years,
happens
to
be
in
that
direction.
Please
do
not
visit,
it
would
be
a
one-way
trip
and
I
don't
think
amtrak
even
sells
tickets
to
go
that
far.
A
But
nonetheless,
if
we
were
to
come
back
to
sagittarius
right
above
the
spout,
almost
about
the
same
triangle,
height
above
and
stretched
just
a
bit,
you
would
find
the
trifid
nebula
right
about
there
we'll
be
taking
a
look
at
that
as
well
tonight
and
then
to
the
left
of
the
lid
somewhere
about
here
is
m22
the
globular
cluster
that
we
will
also
be
visiting.
So
let's
go
ahead
and
zoom
in
very
quickly
and
we
will
get
to
the
next
part
of
the
nice
play
show.
A
So
I'm
just
going
to
go
ahead
and
start
zooming
in
a
bit
and
I
should
start
seeing
m20.
Oh
there
we
have
it.
M20
happens
to
be
right,
there
perfect.
So
of
course
this
is
an
image
through
the
stellarium
application.
This
is
not
an
sj
image
that
you
are
seeing
right
now,
but
we
will
be
getting
to
that
very
very
shortly.
A
A
Oh
wow,
that's
pretty
awesome,
so
trifid
really
means
three
lobes
or
or
the
nebula
divided
into
three
lobes
and
that's
how
it
got
its
name.
But
pretty
much.
198
years
after
the
triffid
nebula
was
found
and
named
you're
saying,
a
sci-fi
movie
was
created
where
you
had
these
apparently
sentient
plants
that
had
three
feet.
A
I
A
Wow,
that's
pretty
awesome,
all
right,
very
cool,
so
let's
go
ahead
and
zoom
back
out
the
couple
of
fun
things
that
you
guys
got
to
learn
tonight
in
the
stellarium
application,
of
course,
how
to
get
to
it.
Stellarium.Org
you
can
get
into
full
screen
mode
and
all
it
takes
is
using
the
search
box
or
turning
on
some
of
the
features
at
the
bottom,
the
constellation
art
the
constellation
lines
clicking
around
and
navigating
through
the
viewport,
a
very
fun
way
of
learning
about
the
night
sky.
A
G
A
Well,
no
you're,
absolutely
right
and
they
can
join.
You
can
join
the
sjaa.
We've
got
a
lot
of
fun
programs,
you
know
we're.
Also,
we've
we've
gone
virtual.
We
do
a
lot
of
fun
different
things.
Con
talk
about
talked
about
the
different
different
programs
that
we
have
and
the
outreach
that
we
do.
In
addition
to
that,
you
know,
as
wolf
always
says,
it's
just
a
price
of
one
pizza.
It's
only
twenty
dollars
a
year
and
you
get
to
enjoy
a
lot
of
the
member
benefits.
A
So
definitely
do
join
us
and
if
you
happen
to
be
a
student
and
want
to
help
us
out
whether
you
are
a
high
school
student
or
a
college
student
and
want
to
be
an
intern
and
help
us
out,
please
go
ahead
and
reach
out.
We
will
have
some
email
addresses
for
you
in
a
slide
at
the
end
of
the
show,
but
it'd
be
great
if
you're
interested
in
astronomy
or
you
just
want
to
help
out
and
learn,
come
on
over
we'll
help.
You
learn
now
carl
mentioned
star
charts.
A
Now
you
can
go
to
skymaps.com
into
the
download
section
and
actually
print
out
a
couple
of
sky
maps
for
yourself
now
you
can
do
this.
You
know
so
that
it's
available
for
you
per
month,
but
keep
in
mind
it's
available
both
for
the
northern
hemisphere
and
for
the
southern
hemisphere
comes
in
pretty
much
a
two-page
format
where
the
first
page
has
a
view
of
the
constellations
and
a
lot
of
the
messier
objects.
It
also
talks
about
what
is
visible
through
the
course
of
the
month
and
then
on
the
back
sheet.
A
It
tells
you
what
could
be
visible
with
the
naked
eye,
what's
visible
by
the
binoculars
and
what
would
be
some
telescopic
objects.
That
would
be
fun
to
take
a
look
at
that
month
and
not
to
forget.
The
perseids
meteor
shower
is
currently
active
in
the
night
sky.
It
did
peak
about
three
days
ago,
but
it's
not
too
late.
The
pursuits
meteor
shower
is
going
is
continuing
until
the
beginning
of
september
september
1st.
A
So
definitely
this
is
the
weekend
time
get
out
there
get
out
to
a
dark
night
sky
and
watch
some
meteors
streaking
through
the
night
sky.
Some
shooting
stars
and,
of
course,
the
first
one
that
you
get
to
see,
make
a
wish,
and
I
wish
that
all
your
dreams
come
true
and
now
we're
going
to
get
into
the
quick
segment
section
of
the
quick
q,
a
segment
segment
and
we've
got
a
little
bit
of
a
solar
system
humor
for
you
in
the
picture
right
below
some
of
you
might
get
it.
A
Some
of
you
might
not
get
it
and
if
you
don't
get
it
definitely
that
might
be
one
of
the
questions
that
you
ask,
but
we
thought
we'd
bring
a
little
bit
of
humor
in
for
you,
so
I'm
gonna
go
ahead
and
stop
sharing
such
that
we
can
bring
the
entire
panel
back
up
and
we
can
answer
some
questions
for
you.
While
the
rest
of
the
folks
answer
some
questions,
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
quickly
segue
to
get
things
ready
for
the
next
segment.
A
L
L
B
B
Oh
sure,
I'll
just
mention
something
glenn
first,
because
I
forgot
to
say
this:
we
are
not
professional
astronomers.
I
was
going
to
say
this
earlier
in
our
introduction.
However,
among
us
we
have
been
doing
astronomy
as
a
hobby
for
many
years
and
we
do
have
collective
knowledge
of
the
the
subject.
Astronomy,
so
just
want
to
put
it
out
there
go
ahead.
Glenn,
please
answer.
M
M
The
only
thing
you
might
want
to
be
aware
of
is
where,
in
distance
from
the
telescope,
the
thing
is
going
to
come
to
focus
is
probably
farther
away
than
you
might
expect
from
a
from
a
visual
scope.
So
you
might
need
an
extension
tube
or
something
because
part
of
making
something
into
an
astrograph
is
making
sure
that
there's
enough
of
what's
called
back
focus
or
distance
between
the
telescope
and
where
it
comes
to
focus.
So
you
can
put
in
a
lot
of
gear,
filter,
wheels
and
and
whatnot.
M
E
E
E
The
benefit
of
having
the
larger
secondary
mirror
is
that
you
get
a
larger.
You
can
illuminate
a
large
camera
sensor,
but
then
the
drawback
is
when
you're,
using
it
for
visual
you're
blocking
more
of
the
light
coming
into
the
telescope.
So
you're
you're
not
you're,
just
not
getting
as
much
aperture
as
you
would
otherwise
so,
but.
L
A
So,
at
least
from
what
I
I
have
read
and
know
to
date,
is
multiple
star
systems
beyond
triples
or
are
hard
to
find.
How
further
have
we
gone
on?
You
know
systems
beyond
three.
I
mean,
of
course,
that
beyonce
would
be
more
uncommon
and
I
from
what
I've
read,
we've
been
able
to
find
five
star
systems.
But
beyond
that
I
don't
know.
I.
B
It's
most
stars
are
either
two
or
three
star
systems,
so
I
believe
that
three
three-star
systems
are
the
most
common
out
there
and
then
well.
There
are
a
few
stuff
that
you
may
already
know
like
the
sirius.
The
dog
star.
That
nancy
mentioned
is
a
two-star
system.
Polaris
that
everybody
knows
is
a
star
system
and
then
there's
other
stars
called
double
double
that
everybody
knows
nothing.
You
know
double
double.
B
So
when
you
have
too
many
stars
in
those
kind
of
systems,
the
the
orbital
mechanics
becomes
so
chaotic
and
they
get
flung
over,
so
they
don't
really
survive.
So
I
think
that's
why
the
scientists
can't
find
more
than
seven
stars
but
doesn't
mean
that
they're
not
out
there
wolf.
If
you
want
to
add
something
to
that,
you
can
add
it
now
or
in
your
segment
sure.
D
Yeah
I
mean,
I
also
didn't
know
the
answer
off
the
top
of
my
head.
I
also
had
to
quickly
look
it
up
right,
so
we're
all
learning
these
things
like
hunter
said
we're
not
professional
astronomers,
we're
just
winging
it,
because
we
like
this
stuff.
So
so
looking
this
up,
I
found
a
reference
to
a
paper
from
2008
where
they
surveyed
about
four
and
a
half
thousand
bright
stars.
It's
just
a
sample
right
and
out
of
that
sample
about
two
thousand
seven
hundred
were
singles
about.
D
Fifteen
hundred
were
binaries
about
two
hundred
eighty
were
triples
about,
85ish
were
were
four
in
the
system.
20
had
five
11
had
six
and
two
had
seven,
so
that
gives
you
an
idea
of
what
the
distribution
is,
at
least
in
that
small
sample
set
right
of
course,
then
many
more
stars
out
there
in
the
galaxy
and
in
the
universe.
You
can
help
us
look
at
all
of
them
and
and
see
if
we
can
find
an
8
star
system
out
there.
You
know
so
please
sign
up.
B
Yeah,
so
one
of
the
other
things
is
right
when
you
actually
have
multiple
star
systems
just
very
quickly,
I'm
not
going
to
take
my
time
that
there's
usually
dominant
stars,
so
it's
very
hard
to
detect
them
because
they
are
shadowing
each
other.
The
dimmer
star
is
hard
to
detect,
so
that
actually
makes
it
harder
to
detect.
B
F
E
E
L
A
Let's
move
on
to
the
next
segment,
we
will
entertain
the
remainder
of
the
questions
in
the
the
final
q.
A
sounds
good
awesome.
Thank
you,
swami
all
right,
so
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
share
my
screen
again
we're
now
getting
into
the
armchair
observing
segment
and
this
time
around,
I
have
the
desktop
version
of
stellarium
open
and
what
I'm
going
to
do
is
I'm
going
to
go
ahead
and
make
sure
that
we
are
facing
north?
Yes,
we
are.
We've
got
polaris
right
here.
D
Okay,
yeah
thanks
rashi,
hello,
again,
everybody,
I
hope
you're
all
doing
well
again
hope
it's
not
too
hot,
where
you
are
so.
The
first
object
wanted
to
visit
tonight
is
a
double
star.
We've
talked
about
them,
a
bunch
already,
in
fact,
just
in
the
q
and
a
session
a
moment
ago,
so
we're
going
to
visit
alberia
that
rashi
teased
a
little
bit
earlier.
So
it's
a
double
star.
We
call
the
visual
double
it's
in
cygnus.
That
rashi
showed
you
earlier
hanging
out
there
in
the
summer
triangle
and
yeah.
D
We
haven't
really
talked
about
star
magnitudes
all
that
much,
but
we
call
this
a
magnitude
3
star
and
finally,
as
the
numbers
get
bigger,
the
stars
actually
get
dimmer.
I
know
that's
really
counter-intuitive.
If
you
attend
one
of
our
intro
to
the
night
sky,
introductory
sessions
to
astronomy,
we'll
actually
talk
about
how
these
magnitude
scales
work.
Don't
worry
about
the
number
too
much
today,
but
but
yeah,
you
know
through
a
telescope.
We
can
look
at
this
star.
D
D
D
So
that's
a
nice
image,
but
we'll
get
back
to
this
one
in
a
moment.
Let
me
see
what
I
can
show
you
here
live
and
actually
I'm
going
to
do
a
really
short
detour
before
we
get
back
to
alberia.
Let
me
let
me
first
share
a
different
double
star
that
I
think
is
much
more
famous
here's
a
double
star
for
you.
D
D
You
yes,
of
course,
right.
This
is
from
the
original
star
wars
movie.
Here
we
have
luke
skywalker
on
tatooine.
Looking
off
at
you
know
this
double
sunset
right
and
you
know
most
likely
a
lot
of
things
in
star
wars
are
maybe
not
reality
right.
You
know
it's
a
science
fiction
movie,
but
actually
double
stars
are
a
real
thing
right
and
there
could
be
places.
D
You
know
in
the
universe
where
there
could
in
fact
be
a
luke
skywalker
standing
on
a
planet
right
looking
out
at
the
horizon
and
seeing
a
you
know,
double
sunrise
or
double
sunset
and
of
course,
in
the
movies.
You
know
this
was
nicely
bookended
by
then
the
second
image
right
that
appeared
in
the
last
review
of
the
series,
so
so
yeah.
D
So
these
things
are
out
there
right-
and
I
think
kant
mentioned
earlier-
that
our
sun
is
actually
an
anomaly
almost
right
because
most
of
the
stars
out
there
tend
to
be
multiples,
and
it
could
be
that
our
sun
even
had
a
partner
early
on
when
the
solar
system
formed,
but
sometimes
you
know,
objects,
planets
or
stars
actually
get
flung
out
of
solar
systems.
When
you
know
things
are
really
messy
early
in
the
formation
of
the
solar
system,
yeah
things
may
get
ejected
out.
So
who
knows
our
storm?
D
D
Let's
see
do
click
a
couple
of
buttons
here
and
we
will
go
back
to
here.
All
right
so
remember
that
yeah
we
looked
at
this
briefly
earlier
right
here
is
still
the
telescope.
That's
out
in
my
backyard,
and
you
know,
while
we've
been
here
talking,
the
telescope
mount
actually
has
been
slowly
following
the
object
in
the
sky,
keeping
it
in
view
and
apparently
because
the
light
is
low.
My
camera
looking
at
the
telescope
was
having
trouble
focusing
that's
okay.
We
don't
want
to
look
at
the
telescope
anyway.
D
So
here
you
know,
we
see
the
the
field
and
there
are
a
couple
little
dots
in
the
middle
now
I
think
there
must
be
a
few
clouds
out
there,
because
there
should
be
a
few
more
stars
visible,
but
let's
see
what
we
can
get
out
of
this,
so
so
yeah.
If
you
were
to
look
through
a
low
power
eyepiece,
you
know
with
your
own
eyes
in
the
telescope.
You
might
see
these
two
little
dots
there
and
go
well
that
doesn't
look
like
much,
but
let's
go
ahead
and
zoom
in
a
little
bit.
D
A
D
Yes,
I
know
he
just
decided
to
make
announcements
yep
if,
if
you've
attended
some
other
talks
with
me,
then
you've
already
heard
my
cat.
His
name
is
zipper
and
yep.
You
know
he
chooses
to
make
contributions
at
times,
so
please
pay
attention.
He
has
important
things
to
say
so
here.
This
is
the
live
view,
as
you
can
see,
as
I'm
clicking
these
buttons
that
move
the
telescope
around,
you
can
see
the
little
you
know
pair
of
dots,
actually
move
on
screen
so
yeah.
So
it's
kind
of
faint.
D
D
And
yeah,
so
this
is
elbirio
right,
so
what's
cool
about
alberio
is
that
you
see
very
distinct,
colors
here
right,
so
we
can
do
some
naked
eye
science.
Actually,
so
it
turns
out
that
the
color
gives
an
indication
of
the
star's
temperature
if
it's
yellowish,
it's
relatively
speaking,
cooler
and
if
it
looks
more
blue
it'll,
be
relatively
speaking,
hotter.
Now,
as
rashi
pointed
out
earlier,
we
believe
that
this
is
actually
a
visual
double
meaning.
These
two
stars
that
we're
seeing
are
not
gravitationally
connected.
D
They
just
happen
to
appear
in
the
same
line
of
sight,
but
actually,
I
think
we're
not
really
100
sure
of
this.
When
I
was
doing
some
research,
some
of
the
data
I
found
is
like
is
there's
still
a
chance
that
this
could
be
an
actual
binary
system,
but
if
it
is,
it
probably
has
an
orbital
period
of
at
least
100
thousand
years.
So
maybe
when
we
have
an
armchair
star,
probably
about
twenty
thousand
years
from
now,
we
can
give
you
an
update
and
we
can
see
whether
these
stars
have
moved
in
some
way.
D
That
would
suggest
that
maybe
they
are
indeed
a
binary
pair,
but
today
we're
not
quite
sure
we
believe
it's
a
visual
double.
However,
it
turns
out
that
actually,
the
yellow
one
here
is
a
binary
in
and
of
itself,
so
the
yellow
one
has
another
companion.
That
is
just
too
faint
and
too
close
for
us
to
see
what
the
technology
that
we
have
here,
but
with
much
fancier
scientific
equipment
yeah.
D
A
D
No,
they
are
not.
Actually
let
me
let
me
try
to
turn
on
the
exposure
a
little
bit
more.
So
what
I've
done
here
is.
I
have
some
sliders
here
that
control
you
know
how
long
the
camera
is
collecting
light
before
it
updates
the
image,
and
so
now
we're
taking
five
second
exposures-
and
you
can
see
a
few
dots
here,
but
but
the
image
is
kind
of
washed
out
and
you
can
actually
see
kind
of
a
little
glow
around
these
guys,
which
suggests
there
is
some
cloudiness
out
there.
D
I
have
a
picture
here
that
I
took
a
snapshot
earlier
here
and
here
you
can
see
it
actually
a
little
better
right.
I
think
this
was
at
a
time
when
we
didn't
have
the
wispy
clouds
moving
yet
so
here
you
can
see
alberio
again
with
some
of
the
background
stars
present,
so
unfortunately,
we
cannot
get
that
right
now
live
because
the
weather
is
not
quite
cooperating.
Oops
wow.
D
In
on
this
ones,
and
then
we'll
do
one
now
so
here
you
can
see
again
alberio,
you
know
with
some
of
its
neighboring
stars,
so
there's
a
very
pretty
object
and
a
good
one
to
warm
us
up
here
as
we're
going
to
move
on
to
some
fancier
objects.
You
know
with
the
with
the
next
imaging
session,
okay,
so
yeah,
so
let
me
hand
it
over,
I
guess
back
to
rashi
and
while
he
does
that
you
know,
let
me
remind
you
that
you
know
our
sun
is
also
a
star
right.
D
D
Some
of
that
gas
basically
ends
up
clumping
into
balls,
and
if
you
have
enough
of
that
happening
right
then
then
these
balls
of
hydrogen
will
ignite
into
stars
right
so
yeah,
so
hydrogen
clouds
form
baby
stars
and
then
the
baby
stars
radiate
energy
into
space
and
they
cause
the.
You
know
parent
gas
cloud
to
glow
and
we're
going
to
visit
that
in
just
a
moment
and
yeah
and
here's
again
you
know
alvirio
from
our
other
member
francesco,
okay
and
yeah.
D
One
thing,
I'd
expected
to
say
is
like
yeah,
so
alvario
is
about
15
light
years
away.
It
says
14.47
here,
so
this
means
that
the
light
we're
looking
at
and
the
light
we
saw
through
my
telescope
setup
left
there.
You
know
almost
15
years
ago,
it's
been
on
its
way
for
quite
some
time,
but
there
are
objects
that
we
see
where
the
light
has
been
traveling
for
millions
of
years.
So
this
is
nothing
compared
to
some
of
the
objects
we
see.
I
I
D
A
Made
so
I'm
going
to
turn
the
constellation
lines
back
on
and
we
are
zooming
out
so
alberio
is
the
head
of
the
swan,
so
the
neb
is
the
tail
star
and
alberta
the
head
of
the
swan.
Now,
if
you
guys
remember,
I'm
going
to
zoom
out
manually
just
a
little
bit
more
summer
triangle,
deneb
vega
and
altair
pretty
much
points
almost
in
the
southward
direction
right.
So
what
we're
going
to
do
now
is
we're
going
to
navigate
over
to
sagittarius,
and
the
next
target
happens
to
be
the
triplet
nebula.
M
D
So
here's
the
turf
with
nebula
right,
like
I
mentioned
right.
This
will
be
an
example
of
a
place
where
stars
are
forming,
but
this
is
actually
pretty
complex
object
in
the
sense
that
it
it's
not
only
a
star
forming
nebula,
but
it's
got
some
other
cool
features
as
well,
that
you
know
we'll
see
in
the
image.
So
it's
a
pretty
complex,
nebula
structure,
where
lots
of
things
are
interacting
that
are
giving
us
a
pretty
interesting
shape.
So
you
can
see
this
thing
with
the
naked
eye
at
a
really
dark
site.
D
In
fact,
that's
a
lot
of
fun,
so
I
hope
that
maybe
you
guys
can
all
join
us
at
some
future
event
and
we
can
get
back
out
into
the
field
and
then
you
know
we
can
show
you
how
you
can
see
some
of
these
objects
with
the
naked
eye.
That's
a
challenge,
and
it's
a
lot
of
fun
to
be
able
to
do
that
and
yeah.
D
So
you
know
this
object
is
called
m20,
it's
one
of
the
objects
that
was
originally
discovered
by
a
guy
named
charles
missy
and
there's
a
funny
story
behind
that.
But
we
can
table
that.
Maybe
for
later,
but
the
key
feature
of
this
nebula
is
that
yeah
kind
of,
as
the
name
suggests,
triffid
try,
there's
like
three
things
going
on
here
right,
so
we'll
see
in
a
moment
what
that
looks
like-
and
this
object
is
about
5000,
light
years
away,
it's
about
40,
light
years
in
diameter.
D
So
some
of
these
structures
out
there
are
huge
way
way
bigger
than
our
solar
system
right.
So
our
solar
system
is
not
even
one
light
year
across,
not
even
close,
our
solar
system
is
measured
in
light
hours
across,
so
these
structures
we
see,
are
sometimes
really
really
big,
and
this
thing
is
about
yeah
300,
000
years
young
and
yeah.
That
really
is
young
in
astronomical
terms
more
compared
to
the
universe
being
13.8
billion
years
old,
300
000
years
is
nothing
so,
let's,
let's
take
a.
D
N
It's
also
the
image
behind
me
and
I
have
a
live
stacking
video,
showing
all
the
constituent
images
being
put
together
to
make
a
better
image.
Each
image
is
220
seconds
long
and
normally
you
know
most
astrophotographers
are
doing
multiple
frames
and
adding
them.
Together.
You
get
a
better
signal
to
noise
ratio.
There
are
a
lot
of
reasons
for
doing
short
frames
and
adding
them
together.
N
N
N
N
The
trifid
is
a
combination
of
emission
nebula
and
reflected
reflection.
Nebula,
the
bluish
parts
are
reflecting
light
from
a
star.
I
don't
have
the
name
at
hand
but
they're,
reflecting
light
directly
from
a
star.
That's
in
there.
That
is
a
younger
bluish
star
and
it
lights
it
up
with
a
a
white
blue
light.
N
The
reddish
part
actually
is
a
hydrogen
gas
that
is
emitting
light
and
it
emits
in
that
general
color
when
radiation
hits
the
gas.
I
think
it's
when
it
hits
the
gas
and
knocks
off
an
electron
and
when
the
electron
comes
back
and
recombines
light
is,
is
released.
Something
to
that
effect,
and
that
is
what
makes
the
trifid
and
the
lagoon
glow
red,
and
these
images
were
taken
with
the
takahashi
telescope.
N
I'm
gonna
show
you
that
real,
quick,
I'm
gonna
have
to
stop
screen,
sharing
and
start
it
again.
This
telescope
right
here
with
this
mount
taken
a
couple
years
ago
at
likely
place
a
very
dark
place
in
northern
california
and
at
a
star
party
for
stellar
v,
star
parties
or
stellar
telescopes.
Rather
they
do
that
every
summer
stellar
viewer,
great
telescopes.
I
happen
to
have
a
takahashi
at
that
star
party,
but
I
now
own
a
stellar
view,
as
does
wolf.
I
see
anyway.
N
D
Yeah
thanks
bruce
that
was
nice
yeah.
Unfortunately,
the
clouds
we
can't
control
they
do
what
they
will
do,
but
it
was
really
nice
to
still
see
these
images.
I
think
I
was
impressed.
I
think
these
are
really
cool,
so
yeah,
so
the
traffic
is,
among
other
things,
the
star-forming
region,
like
we
said
so
stars
are
born.
You
know,
then,
stars
live
for
some
amount
of
time,
our
star
our
sun's
been
around
for
about
four
and
a
half
five
billion
years
or
so
and
eventually
you
know
they
will
die.
So
what
happens?
D
Is
the
stars
form
in
the
in
the
like
something
like
control?
Like
we
said,
then
all
these
new
stars
hang
out
for
a
while
on
something
we
call
an
open
cluster
and
then
they
turn
into
a
star
that
dies
eventually
into
something
called
a
planetary,
nebula,
very
confusing
name
or
a
supernova
remnant,
and
today
we
don't
have
those
as
part
of
the
images
but
actually
in
terms
of
supernova.
We
have
a
surprise
for
you
a
little
bit
later.
D
I
think
russia
already
mentioned
that
as
well,
so
we'll
see
that
in
just
a
moment,
so
there's
a
whole
stellar
life
cycle
that
we
could
talk
about
and
we
discuss
those
things
in
other
sessions.
So
please
join
us
for
those
in
the
future,
but
now
we're
going
to
go
on
to
an
object
that
is
actually
not
exactly
within
our
galaxy.
The
things
we've
seen
so
far,
they're
all
within
the
milky
way
galaxy
right.
D
So,
if
my
hand,
here
with
a
milky
way
galaxy
a
collection
of
lots
and
lots
of
stars
kind
of
flattish
and
imagine
a
spiral
structure
here.
It's
the
galactic
core
that
rashi
pointed
out
earlier.
We
live
about
halfway
away
and
the
trifid
and
alberio
all
these
things
we've
seen
are
in
this
in
this
galactic
structure.
The
next
thing
we'll
look
at
is
something
called
a
globular
cluster,
and
that
is
like
a
ball
of
stars.
That
is
a
companion
to
the
milky
way.
A
D
D
This
particular
one
is
about
10
and
a
half,
so
that
means
the
light.
We're
going
to
see
will
have
been
traveling,
for
you
know
10
000,
plus
years
and
again
these
things
are
really
big
in
diameter,
so
this
is
100
light
years
across
and
yeah.
These
things
tend
to
contain
on
the
order
of
you
know,
thousand
two
hundred
thousand
stars,
maybe
this
one's
a
little
bit
on
the
low
side,
which
is
still
really
beautiful.
So
let's
go
ahead
and
zoom
in
on
this
one.
A
Yeah
and
just
imagine
a
massive
chandelier
above
you
right,
you've
got
a
lot
of
light
all
around
you
and
now
imagine
if
you
were
a
planet
inside
a
globular
cluster,
what
would
your
life
really
be
like?
Would
it
be
sunlight
all
time
brown
different
wavelengths
of
light?
It
would
be
fascinating
and
absolutely
interesting.
D
It
would
indeed
yeah
so
the
sky
look
would
look
very
different
if
we
were
inside
the
globular
cluster.
You
know
there
would
be
way
way
more
stars
in
the
sky
and
the
night
sky
would
be
brighter
than
our
night
sky
is
with
a
full
moon.
We'd
get
pretty
bright
when
the
moon
was
full
right,
but
if
we
had
a
globular,
gluster
sky
yeah,
the
full
moon
line
would
be
nothing
compared
to
the
light
from
all
those
stars,
and
here
you
can
see
what
that
looks.
Like
yeah,
there's
a
nice
little
ball
of
stars.
D
M
Yeah
so,
unfortunately,
looking
here
on
the
upper
right
again,
we're
pretty
much
completely
clouded
out
here
in
in
the
east
bay,
and
this
object
on
the
lower
right
is
just
about
to
go
behind
the
roof
of
my
house
and
in
in
the
event.
But
you
can
see
here
on
the
left
that
you
know
we're
we're
completely
clouded
out.
M
So
you
know,
there's
there's
a
lot
of
a
lot
of
stuff
that
that
can
go
into
astrophotography.
It
doesn't
necessarily
have
to.
But
you
know
these
are
some
of
the
bits
and
pieces
that
are
are
part
of
this
telescope
that
that
I
used
to
take
that
picture.
So
so
we
can.
I
can
bring
that
up
again
yeah,
so
that's
and
actually
this
was
kind
of
a
a
quick,
quick
shot,
not
a
lot
of
exposure
time.
M
So
it's
still
a
little
bit
noisy,
but
just
give
you
an
idea
of
the
you
know
all
those
stars
in
a
in
a
tight
ball
as
rashi
was
saying
what
would
it
be
like
to
live
on
a
planet
that
was
orbiting?
One
of
these
stars
and
just
have
your
night
sky
completely
filled
completely
white.
You
wouldn't
have
a
night.
Basically,
it
would
always
be
daytime
from
all
these
thousands
of
of
stars.
M
D
A
D
Anything
everything
that
we
wanted.
Sorry,
I
think
it
was
good.
I
think
these
are
beautiful
objects
right.
So
definitely,
if
you
have
an
opportunity
to
look
at
a
globular
cluster,
you
know
through
a
telescope
with
your
own
eyes.
It's
definitely
something
beautiful
to
see.
I've
certainly
heard
lots
of
while,
as
you
know,
when
people
see
these
objects
for
the
first
time
so
go
check
it
out.
If
you
can.
D
Okay,
so,
like
we
just
said,
you
know,
a
globular
cluster
is
not
quite
a
galaxy
object.
It's
really
a
companion
to
our
galaxy
right.
I
just
kind
of
used
my
hand
to
model
a
galaxy
right
because
galaxies
are
these
flatter
structures
and
we
saw
globulars
go
around,
but
our
galaxy
is
not
the
only
one.
There
are
many
other
galaxies
out
there.
The
nearest
one
is
about
two
and
a
half
million
light
years
away.
That's
the
andromeda
galaxy!
That's
also
a
cool
object
to
try
to
find
with
the
naked
eye.
D
So
maybe
that's
something
we
can
show
you
one
day
under
a
dark
sky,
but
there
are
many
other
cool
galaxies
out
there
that
we
can
see-
and
that's
going
to
be
our
last
object
for
tonight.
So
we're
going
to
visit
something
that
we
call
the
fireworks
galaxy.
So
maybe
we
can
scoot
over
there
yeah.
So
it's
a
spiral.
Galaxy
like
I
said
many
galaxies
look
like
spirals
and
this
one
is
very
beautiful.
The
spiral
will
be
very
obvious
when
you
see
that
in
a
moment
in
the
picture,
this
galaxy
is
also
in
cygnus.
D
It's
a
really
cool
area
to
find
fun
stuff.
So,
to
see
this,
you
do
need
a
telescope.
Many
galaxies
are
not
easily
visible
with
the
naked
eye.
You
need
at
least
binoculars
to
make
out
that
there's
something
out
there.
This
is
about
22
million
light
years
away
right,
so
contrast
that
with
the
globular
cluster,
which
was
about
10
000
light
years
away,
so
now
we're
talking
yeah
a
much
bigger
distance,
and
this
kind
of
highlights
the
fact
that
telescopes
are
also
time
machines.
You
know
we.
D
These
are
really
instruments
that
allow
us
to
look
back
in
time,
because
the
light
that
we're
seeing
is
light
that
was
generated
22
million
years
ago.
In
the
case
of
this
galaxy,
and
this
galaxy
is
about
40
000,
light
years
in
diameter,
which
is
actually
smaller
than
our
home.
The
milky
way
galaxy
is
about
a
hundred
thousand
light
years
across,
but
this
galaxy
is
really
cool
because,
as
this
one
feature
that
was
mentioned
before
is
that
yeah,
this
thing
has
a
lot
of
supernova
activity
and
the
supernova
is
a
really
big
star.
I
D
Yeah
check
this
out.
Isn't
this
a
beautiful
image?
You
can
definitely
see
the
spiral
structure
here
right
with
the
bright
galactic
core
in
the
middle,
and
we
do
know
that
galaxies,
you
know,
have
giant
black
holes
at
their
centers,
as
does
our
galaxy
so
yeah.
So
that's
something
to
think
about
and
imagine
and
yeah.
Let's
have
our
imagers
look
at
this
a
little
bit
more
and
show
us
more
details.
O
Hey,
thank
you.
Thank
you
roshi,
so
I
want
to
show
you
some
of
recordings
of
new
time
imaging
of
this
galaxy
galaxy
right
now.
It's
cloudy
in
san
jose
and
it's
impossible
to
see
the
galaxy,
but
I
made
a
special
trip
to
a
remote
location
near
the
bay
area.
A
few
days
ago,
I
was
able
to
capture
some
images.
O
F
F
O
All
right,
so
what
you're
currently
seeing
is
when
I
was
I
was
there,
it's
actually
it's
a
location
near
morgan
hill
and
what
you're
currently
seeing
is
a
real-time
I'm,
a
recording
of
real-time
imaging
from
one
of
my
telescopes.
I
have
two
of
them,
so
the
imaging
that
you
see
is
actually
recording
from
my
takahashi
telescope
and
if
you
take
let's
some
frames,
the
actual
fireworks
galaxy
is
not
very
bright.
O
It's
actually
a
little
bit
dimmer
and
on
the
right
you
can
see
the
open
cluster,
which
was
actually
on
stellarium
as
well,
so
can
actually
see
both
of
them.
So
eventually,
when
you
collect
enough
images
like
these
and
you
stack
them
with
the
proper
software
will
end
up.
Do
something
like
this
right.
B
O
N
O
O
O
Yeah,
that's
one
of
the
leaks
that
I
have
it's
a
refractive
telescope
with
a
ccd
camera
which
is
cooled
with
to
actually
keep
the
temperature
low
for
a
low
noise,
and
it's
actually
especially
equipped
with
computers
called
narrowband
filters
which
actually
allows
the
telescope
to
actually
reduce
the
light
pollution,
and
we
can
actually
take
images
with
for
nebulous
right,
but
it
can
be.
It
can
be
modified
for
galaxies
too
right,
but
it
has
to
be
outside
the
cities
right,
so
not
from
city
skies
right,
okay,.
O
So
so
back
to
the
topic
in
on
on
the
for
the
fireworks.
So
what
what
makes
this
galaxy
so
interesting
is
so
I
want
to
show
you
one
of
the
the
news
if
you
look
at
my
screen,
so
this
was
one
of
the
first
news
back
in
2017
may
14.,
when
I
saw
this
actually
on
a
site
called
astro
telegram
this.
This
webpage
is
actually
where
professional
astronomers
they
post
news
about
supernova.
O
They
can
see
a
supernova
in
the
files
galaxy
in
2017
and
then
I
was
very
excited
and
I
sent
email
to
our
science
astronomy
club
say:
hey
guys
can,
can
we
start
imaging
right
and
I
remember
that
glenn
and
joe
they
actually
took
images.
I
also
took
images
from
a
remote
telescope
too,
but
they
have
really
nice
images.
I
really
want
to
give
them
the
ball
to
present,
to
show
you
what
they
have
so
blend.
O
I
A
A
So
glenn
your
image
is
on
the
bottom
left
yeah
and
joe.
Your
image
is
on
the
bottom
right
nicola.
Your
recent
image
happens
to
be
on
the
top
right
now
I
am
losing
some
resolution
here
within
stellarium.
So
give
me
one
quick.
Second,
let
me
swap
this
out
with
the
actual
slide
that
we
have
in
the
deck
there
we
go.
A
M
Well,
my
my
image
was
taken
with
the
same
telescope.
The
the
setup
was
a
little
different.
I
was
just
looking
on.
You
know
where
we,
we
post
our
images
on
a
site
called
astro
bin.
You
can
sort
of
think
of
it
like
the
very
loosely
sort
of
facebook
for
for
astro
imagers,
where
you
can
like
and-
and
you
know,
upvote
people's
images
and
stuff
so
that
this
was
from
2017.
So
I
think
I
was
living
in.
M
E
Okay,
yeah,
it's
interesting
because
the
image
on
the
the
lower
right
I
captured
that
in
june,
so
that
image
actually
predated
your
image
by
about
three
months,
and
you
can
actually
see
you
know
right
now.
The
cursor
is
highlighting
that
supernova
that
type
2
supernova
that
happened
in
2017
and
between
june
and
september,
you
can
see
it
faded
considerably
and
actually
went
from
a
a
white
issue
to
a
more
yellowish
hue
and
then
nicola
couldn't
talk
about
his
image.
But
then
I
think
that
one,
you
know
captured
three
years
later.
O
I
A
I
D
F
I
O
O
O
So
the
the
category
of
the
supernova
in
the
fireworks
galaxy
is
type
2p,
so
supernovas
they're,
broad,
different
categories
of
supernovas
type
2,
is
a
core
call
of
supernova,
which
is
actually
happening
when
the
star
is
very
massive
and
when
the
masses
of
the
star
is
too
high,
so
the
mass
is
actually
is
trying
to
counter
weight
against
the
pressure,
because
the
the
star
is
actually
has
it's
a
hot
right
and
it
tries
to
expand.
The
pressure
is
trying
to
expand
the
star
and
the
mass
is
actually
the
opposite.
O
O
So
when
the
balance
is
actually
the
mass
is
more
so
the
pressure
that
actually
the
star
is
actually
starting
to
collapse
right
and
this
collapse
is
actually
going
further
until
it
actually
reaches
a
specific
density
of
the
matter.
Usually
this
matter
is
a
neutron
matter
which
is
rich
with
neutrons
and
heavy
elements,
and
at
certain
moment
it's
called
chandrasekhar
mass.
O
O
And
if
you
look
at
the
the
plot
is
called
super
super
nova
type
2p
right
there
is
a
plateau,
so
there's
a
plot
showing
the
energy
flux
versus
time.
So
the
energy
flux
is
how
much
energy
is
actually
emitted
from
the
star
totally
for
a
specific
time
period,
and
this
is
actually
determining
how
bright
is
the
the
supernova,
so
the
more
energy
it
emits
the
brighter
the
supernova.
So
you
can
actually
see
it
from
the
earth
right
now.
O
O
O
Well,
if
you
look
at
the
the
supernova
type
2n,
which
is
at
the
bottom,
that's
a
different
case
where
actually
the
explosion
is
super
fast.
So
it's
actually
like
immediately
like
a
bang,
and
in
this
case
we
have
more
emission
of
light
right.
That's
what
makes
what
makes
the
supernova
super
very
very
bright,
but
in
this
case
this
energy
is
released
in
a
very
short
time
of
period
of
time
of
the
scales,
so
usually
the
supernova
type
2n
about
40
to
60
days
right.
O
O
But
in
the
case
of
the
the
supernova
in
2017,
it
took
more
than
100
days
to
actually
to
become
the
star.
The
supernova
dimmer
right
and
that's
important,
because
it
tells
us
that
this
supernova
is
from
the
this
category
of
events
which
are
slow,
and
it
tells
us
that
the
the
the
structure
of
the
star
is
more
like
a
jelly.
O
O
These
light
curves
that
we
see
from
the
supernova
they're
very
important,
because
scientists
get
feedback
from
the
data.
How
good
the
models
are
right.
Actually,
how
much
is
the
error
from
the
models
in
the
supernova
models
right?
So
yeah?
That's
why
I
wanted
to
point
to
these
curves
and
why
why
it's
actually
interesting
to
see
these
events
and
yeah?
I
want
to
give
back
the
ball
to
russia.
A
O
A
Cool
and
then,
as
you
can
see,
I've
got
two
arrows
pointed
here
and
right
between
the
arrowheads
as
compared
to
the
other
images
that
we
have
from
joe
and
glenn,
where
you
can
actually
see
the
supernova
and,
of
course,
dimming
because
joe
took
it.
I
believe
you
said
joe,
it
was
in
july
and
glenn.
You
took
yours
in
september,.
A
A
A
A
E
Right
so
the
night
vision
gear
we
won't
be
able
to
show
live
images
of
it
and
that's
what
I
wanted
to
do
like
show
the
particularly
the
summer.
Milky
way
was
what
I
wanted
to
feature,
but
instead
I'll
have
some
images
that
I've
captured
over
the
years
of
the
milky
way.
The
milky
way
is
definitely
one
of
my
favorite
objects
to
photograph.
E
E
E
Where
it's,
you
can
see
that
you
can
see
planes
going
overhead,
you
can
see
people
busy
looking
through
their
telescopes
a
really
fun
time
and
a
great
group
of
people
to
to
be
with
now
I'm
gonna,
I'm
gonna
show
what
was
a
small
meteor
that
went
through
and
it's
right
around.
Let's
see
if
we
can
get
that
right
moment
here.
E
E
There
it
is,
you
can
see
that
okay,
so
that
is
just
this
past
week.
It
was
a
persian
meteor
shower
and
you
can
see.
This
is
an
example
of
a
meteor
that
went
through
the
grounds
at
kelstar
that
evening
it
looks
a
lot
like
a
luke,
skywalker's
lightsaber,
and
then
you
can
see
it
left
behind.
This
smoke
ring
just
kind
of
like
expanding
right
where
the
meteor
left
off
and
even
like
you
know,
this
is
perhaps
over
the
course
of
an
hour.
E
F
E
So,
with
a
little
bit
of
you
know
little
device
that
kind
of
pans.
You
know
over
time,
there's
not
not
too
difficult
to
find
those.
You
put
your
camera
on
it
and
then,
as
a
pant.
It's
capturing
photos
over
over
a
couple
of
hours
and
you
see
the
milky
way
set,
and
you
also
see
all
of
your
surroundings.
E
Now
I'm
going
to
transition
to.
Let's
see
these
were
some
time
lapses
that
I
shot
when
I
was
in
chile,
so
chile,
being
in
the
southern
hemisphere,
the
sky,
the
night
sky
looks
completely
different,
because
here
in
the
northern
hemisphere
the
earth
basically
blocks
our
view
of
the
southern
hemisphere
stars
and,
as
you
get
to.
E
Of
this
to
the
of
the
earth
you
see,
the
stars
that
are
below
our
feet
are
perpetually
below
our
feet,
so
this
was
from
the
place
that
I
stayed
at.
I
did
time
lapse
and
and
I'll
just
kind
of
play
that
back
you
see
the
milky
way
rising
and
then
here
you
can
see
the
moon
rising
and
that's
actually
the.
E
E
E
This
is
the
core
of
the
milky
way
where
you
have
like
sagittarius
and
scorpius,
but
in
the
southern
hemisphere,
it's
directly
over
your
head,
there's
the
milky
way,
just
kind
of
twisting
and
turning
in
the
sky
as
the
magnet
progresses,
there's
a
little
bright
glow
down
here,
which
is
actually
the
zodiacal
light.
It's
getting
closer
to
the
dawn,
jumping
ahead
to
another
video.
This
is
the
observing
location
I
was
at
in
chile.
E
E
E
E
E
F
E
E
E
This
is
a
shot
from
yosemite
national
park
from
glacier
point,
which
is
kind
of
like
looking
down
into
yosemite
valley.
You've
got
half
dome
on
the
right.
There's
some
waterfalls
on
the
far
right,
a
fairly
common
place
for
people
to
visit
in
yosemite,
especially
during
the
daytime,
but
definitely
if
you
get
to
go
out,
there
stay
stick
around
at
night
at
night
time.
E
E
This
is
also
yosemite.
This
is
from
tunnel
view,
another
popular
location
in
yosemite.
This
one
he's
taking.
You
know
right
where
all
the
cars
are
parked
get
out
there.
You
know
go
out
there.
On
a
summer
night
you'll
see
el
capitan
on
the
left
half
down.
In
the
background,
the
bridal
veil
falls
on
the.
E
Just
a
couple
more
photos
left:
this
is
from
a
campground
in
yosemite
national
park.
This
is
a
shortly
after
everyone
had
gone
to
bed
right
by
my
campground
in
yosemite
there
was
a
just
a
beautiful
meadow.
I
just
walked
out
there
to
the
meadow
and
then
put
my
camera
down
and
looked
up
and
just
trees
in
all
directions.
It
was
amazing
when
just
going
from
one
into
the
other
was
quite
an
extraordinary
sound,
a.
F
E
Simple
shot,
composition,
wise,
but
I
really
like
it
and
then
this
final
shot,
I'd
like
to
show
is
the
summer
milky
way.
The
core
of
the
summer
manipulate,
captured
actually
just
with
a
50
millimeter
lens,
most
people
with
dslrs.
They
come
across
50
millimeters
they're
called
nifty
50s
they're
fairly
inexpensive.
You
know,
100
gets
to
your
lens,
like
this
there's
also
fast
aperture,
f,
1.8,
the
50,
millimeters,
f
1.8
in
a
dark
location.
E
F
G
E
So
kind
of
to
summarize
you
know
milky
way
is
definitely
one
of
my
favorite
objects.
You
don't
need
any
kind
of
binocular
telescope.
You
don't
need
any
of
that
to
see
it.
You
can
just
go
out
to
the
countryside.
Go
out
to
your
national
parks,
vent
that
cabin
out
in
the
you
know,
airbnb
look
for
something
you
know.
E
If
you're
in
california
go
out
to
yosemite,
go
out
to
tahoe,
you
can
go
out
to
like
big
sur
and
on
a
clear
night,
you
just
in
summer
time
between,
let's
say
from
july
through,
like
september
october,
just
look
up
and
you'll
see
this
band
of
light,
just
really
going
from
one
end
of
the
horizon
to
the
other,
and
that
reminds
the
plane
of
the
galaxy.
It's
it's
a
beautiful
summer
site.
It's
the
easiest
thing
for
anyone
to
see.
You
don't
need
any
it's!
E
You
look
up
from
narratives
and
you're
looking
into
like
billions
and
billions
of
stars,
the
collective
collective
goal
of
it
just
creating
this
arch
across
the
main
sky,
so
yeah.
I
wish
I
could
show
it
with
night
vision.
That
was
what
I
wanted
to
do
originally,
but
instead
we'll
have
to
look
at
some
photos.
I've
captured
across
the
years
and
if
you
get
another
chance
before
summer
ends
I'll
speak
about
showing
it
again.
E
F
A
E
A
Yeah
and
whenever
you
take
a
south
facing
shot,
I
mean
you
can
definitely
notice
the
the
pants
and
colony
or
also
the
dark.
You
know
aka
dark
horse
in
a
southern
facing
shot.
It's
it's
very,
pronounced
in
an
image
and
it'll
show
up
and
you'll
be
able
to
recognize
it
once
you
know
what
you're
looking
at
or
what
you're
searching
for.
E
A
Now,
of
course,
I
wish
I
was
a
little
bit
more
facing
to
the
right.
I
would
have
caught
the
explosion
as
well,
so
right
past.
The
edge
of
the
screen,
maybe
about
an
inch
off,
is
when
it
actually
exploded,
but
I
was
able
to
catch
a
majority
part
of
the
streak.
It
was
so
bright
and
pretty
darn
low
that
you
can
actually
see
the
reflection
of
that
light
in
the
the
windshield
of
the
cars
or
the
rooftops.
A
The
cars
below
and
what's
very
interesting
about
this,
this
streak
was
that
once
you
zoom
in
to
the
actual
the
early
part
of
the
streak
as
it
was
coming
into
into
the
atmosphere
and
burning
through,
I
actually
caught
the
ripple
effect
of
it,
probably
tumbling
through
the
atmosphere
as
an
artifact
of
in
in
the
image
itself.
So
I
thought
that
was
really
really
cool.
I
wanted
to
show
that
to
you
guys.
N
I
had
my
back
to
the
meadow
where
everybody
was
set
up
and
I
was
helping
somebody
with
some
equipment
issues
and
a
light
behind
me
started
getting
brighter
and
I
thought
wow
who's
got
the
white
headlight
on.
You
know,
white
flashlight
and,
as
I
turned
around
to
to
see
what
was
going
on,
I
saw
this
amazing
fireball
blazing
across
the
sky
and
just
as
it
got
right
into
the
center
of
the
the
meadow.
Basically,
it
exploded,
and
I
I
let
out
a
shout.
N
A
Yeah,
absolutely
I
mean
it
was.
It
was
spectacular,
it
made
a
whistling
sound
coming
down
and
you
could
you
actually
heard
the
explosion
when
that
happened,
and
you
weren't
the
only
one
bruce
everybody
in
that
field
pretty
much
either
yelled
or
shouted.
It
was
absolutely
amazing
and
it
was
so
bad.
You
saw
your
own
shadow,
bright
shadow
on
the
crap
now
talking
about
shadows.
What's
really
interesting
is
when
you
are
at
a
very
dark
site
and
your
eyes
really
get
night
adapted.
A
You
will
be
able
to
see
a
very
faint
shadow
of
yourself
just
because
of
starlight,
and
it's
absolutely
absolutely
amazing.
I
mean
you
you're,
probably
gonna
have
to
find
a
patch
of
ground
where
the
shadow
contrasts
can
be
easily
seen,
but
you
can
definitely
see
aphane
shadow
just
from
starlight,
which
is
absolutely
amazing.
A
L
O
O
So
the
reason
is
that
the
the
mass
of
this
star
was
too
high,
so
I
didn't
actually
have
time
to
explode
at
all.
It
actually
collapsed
directly
to
black
hole,
that's
the
what
they
conclude
in
the
beginning
of
that,
and
they
cite
a
bunch
of
data
from
hubble
space,
telescope
and
a
bunch
of
measurements
from
all
ground,
telescopes
right,
yeah
yeah!
That's
the
what
I
found.
B
All
right,
so
let
me
try
to
take
the
screen.
Oops,
okay,
yep,
all
right!
Well,
that's!
We
are
getting
to
the
end
of
our
program
today.
Well,
we
did
go
over
time,
but
we
had
a
lot
of
material
to
cover
here
and
before
we
finish
up
the
program
today,
I
want
to
just
quickly
go
over
the
upcoming
events
that
we
have
for
the
club.
Like
I
said
at
the
very
beginning,
we
have
lots
of
programs
in
the
club
for
next
week.
We
have.
B
We
have
two
events
here
for
the
imaging
program
in
the
middle
of
the
week,
there's
the
imaging
sig
meeting
and
at
the
end
of
the
week
we
have
imaging
workshop
and
then
we
also
have
the
get
guest
speaker,
I
believe,
coming
up
next
weekend
and
we
also
have
introduction
to
astronomy
on
next
friday
and
these
two
events-
the
astronomy
101,
happened
yesterday,
and
then
we
had
a
solo
observing
a
couple
weeks
back.
So
that's
how
events
roundup
and
lastly,
we
do
need
your
feedback
we
had.
B
This
is
our
third
version
of
this,
I'm
just
a
party
and
we
want
to
improve
and
change
based
on
the
feedback.
So
please
take
these
email
addresses
and
send
us
your
feedback
all
right.
Well,
thank
you
very
much
for,
for
the
last
two
and
a
half
hours
to
giving
us
the
privilege
to
bring
this
knowledge
to
you
and
and
a
lot
of
uploads
to
our
volunteers
for
putting
the
program
together
and
spending
this
time.
Thank
you
very
much.
Everyone
have
a
good
night.
A
Awesome,
thank
you.
Everyone,
we're
gonna,
stay
on
mute
for
a
little
while
to
monitor
the
stream.
I
will
turn
our
cameras
off
and
make
sure
if
you
have
any
last
minute
questions
please
post
them
in
the
stream.
We'll
probably
keep
it
running
for
another
two
three
minutes,
and
then
we
will
stop
streaming.
Thank
you
all
and
have
a
great
night
and
I'll
ask
the
team
to
turn
off
their
cameras
and
go
on
mute.