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From YouTube: SJ Astronomy: Armchair Star Party July 10, 2020
Description
Join San Jose Astronomical Association (SJAA) astronomers in our second Armchair (virtual) Star Party. We will take you on a guided tour of the current night sky and introduce you to the tools of astronomy. SJAA members will share live views (weather permitting) as well as long exposure photos of heavenly objects from their homes. You will have an opportunity to submit questions and receive answers during this live session. This event is free, everyone is invited.
We will be using Stellarium ( https://stellarium.org ) during this presentation. It is a free planetarium software that runs on multiple computer platforms. You can download the software to familiarize yourself with it. Note that this software or prior knowledge of it is not needed for this presentation.
Many SJAA’s events, like this one, are public and free to attend.
B
Right,
Thank,
You
Rashi
good
evening.
Everyone
welcome
to
the
second
I'm
chef
de
Partie
from
San
Jose
astronomical
Association.
We
are
really
glad
all
of
you
are
joining
us.
Some
of
you
might
have
joined
us
for
our
first
event.
As
some
of
you,
this
may
be
the
first
time
you
are
seeing
this
event
either
way.
We
have
a
great
program
lined
up
for
you
and
stick
around
before
we
get
started.
I
want
to
give
you
a
couple
tips
to
enjoy
this
program
a
little
bit
better
first
to
go.
B
Try
to
find
the
dark
theme
in
the
YouTube
and
try
to
turn
it
on
and
if
you
happen,
to
have
a
desktop
with
other
bright
objects
behind
your
web
browser
and
try
to
turn
them
off
or
make
your
web
browser
full-screen,
because
we're
going
to
be
showing
objects
with
a
dark
background.
This
will
make
it
the
experience
better
for
you.
The
second
tip
I
want
to
give
you
is
to
go
to
your
YouTube
quality
settings
and
try
to
pick
720p
or
higher
setting.
B
B
Before
we
get
started
with
the
main
program,
I
would
like
to
introduce
our
club
and
talk
a
little
bit
about
the
club
I'm
sure
most
of
you
have.
Many
of
you
have
attended
our
events
before
and
and
already
know
about
the
club.
But
do
we
always
get
members
who
are
public?
Who
are
coming
new
to
this
program,
so
this
is
mainly
for
those
folks
send
us
astronomical
Association
or
SGA.
In
short,
we
were
established
in
1954.
B
B
We
have
many
public
star
parties
v2.
We
have
strawberries
that
we
do
in
our
main
headquarters,
which
is
located
in
San
Jose
hoagie
park
California.
We
do
but
equal
in
town
star
parties
about
a
couple
times.
A
month
we
do
dark
sky,
star
parties.
It's
called
starry
night
star
party
that
we
do
once
a
month
in
Rancho,
carne
asada
in
south
of
San
Jose.
B
We
do
that
with
in
conjunction
with
the
open
space
Authority
in
Santa
Clara,
and
we
also
have
a
tons
of
other
star
parties
that
we
do
like
the
we
have
solar
events,
all-star
parties,
we
do
a
barnacle
stargazing,
we
have
pinnacles
the
National
Park
straw
party
and
whatnot.
We
can
I
can
keep
going
on
those
ones.
B
So
after
the
sub
parties,
we
also
we
have
a
public
talks.
We
do
we
have
introductory
talks,
we
do
a
couple
times
a
month
and
we
also
have
what
we
call
guest
speaker
talks
that
we
invite
authorities
in
the
subject
of
astronomy
or
related
sciences
and
ask
them
to
talk
to
the
members
and
to
the
public.
So
it's
free
for
the
public
to
attend.
Beyond
that.
We
have
equipment
her
help
we
provide
for
the
public,
we
do
a
swap
meet
where
the
public
can
come
and
exchange
astronomic
year
or
exchanger
buy
and
sell
Islamic
year.
B
And
lastly,
we
have
a
newsletter
that
we
publish
three
every
three
months,
so
I
will
encourage
you
to
check
all
those
things
out
and
that's
free
for
public.
Beyond
that
we
have
our
members.
We
have
special
programs.
We
have
imaging
workshops
that
we
do
for
members.
We
do
begin
a
training
for
members.
We
have
equipment,
live
equipment,
loaner
program
where
you
can
borrow
a
tsunami
equipment
for
our
members,
and
we
also
have
a
library
you
can
borrow
books.
B
Lastly,
we
have
special
what
we
call
a
private,
observing
events
that
we
do
for
our
members,
so
we
can
open
up
dark
sky
sites
at
night
and
and
our
members
can
go
as
a
group
and
enjoy
all
of
these
for
the
price
of
$20
here
and
if
you
enjoy
what
we
do
for
the
public,
I've
been
encouraged,
you
to
go
and
check
out
and
try
to
become
a
member.
You
can
find
us
an
SGA,
a
dotnet
and
we
also
advertise
our
public
events
at
meetup.com.
B
Alright,
so
that's
the
introduction
next
I
would
like
to
introduce
you
to
the
host
for
today,
and
we
are
all
volunteers.
I
would
like
to
take
a
moment
here
to
mention
we
are
not
professional
astronomers,
but
among
us
we
have
probably
years
of
experience
in
different
parts
of
astronomy
as
as
amateur
astronomers,
and
we
would
like
to
bring
at
least
some
part
of
that
knowledge
to
you
today
and
hopefully
you
can
enjoy
that.
My
name
is
conch
I,
typically
organize
interns.
B
Tub
parties
for
the
club
and
I
also
run
the
lunar
shuttle
program
for
our
members,
and
we
have
Karl
here
and
Russia
Colin
Russia
our
leaders
for
our
starry
night
star
party
that
we
do
once
a
month.
Nancy
here
is,
is
a
volunteer
for
our
solar
events
and
events
like
this
one.
Today,
then,
we
have
Glenn
and
Bruce
Glennon
bruza
our
imaging
program
leaders.
You
will
catch
them
in
in
doing
number
of
imaging
programs
for
our
members
and
to
the
public,
and
imagine
program
is
quite
quite
big
in
our
club
being
in
the
second
Valley.
B
So
if
you're
interested
in
that
I
would
encourage
you
check
it
out
by
the
way
the
imaging
means
astrophotography,
then
we
have
this
members
Nicola
Joe
Francisco.
These
are
imaging
program
members
who
are
volunteering
today
to
bring
some
of
the
weeks
that
they
have
to
you
then
I
would
like
to
introduce
cicadas
tsukada
is
one
of
our
board
members
and
the
person
who
organized
our
monthly
guest,
speaker
programs
and
comes
wolf.
Wolf
is
of
a
solar
program,
leader
and
also
wolf.
Disty
astronomy,
101
talks
for
our
club.
B
B
Some
of
you
may
have
met
her
or
maybe
you
don't
know
that
you
met
her
because
most
of
our
star
parties,
she
was
a
volunteer
and
she
had
a
passion
for
all
the
astronomy
subject,
not
only
to
learn
by
herself
and
also
to
communicate
what
she
learned
to
others.
Other
people-
and
we
had
seen
her
doing
many
many
star
parties
and
specially
for
the
school
star
party
program
that
we
had
and
we
do
dearly
miss
her
and
this
program
today
is
dedicated
for
her
Thank
You
Marilyn.
B
B
There
is
a
YouTube
chat
open
and
please
send
your
questions
early
and
when
we
can,
we
can
try
to
get
to
one
or
two
of
those
questions
right
after
the
the
night
sky
segment
of
the
program,
and
then
we
will
have
a
Q&A
session
at
the
end
of
this
we'll
get
to
that
and
and
there
we
will
answer
the
rest
of
the
questions
all
right.
Next,
we
have
empty
observing.
This
is
where
we
will
be
showing
objects,
both
live
as
the
left.
B
B
One
last
thing
here
we
have
some
little
bit
of
a
surprise,
the
very
end
of
the
observing,
so
we're
not
going
to
say
what
it
is,
and
hopefully
you
can
stick
around
until
until
then
and
you'll
see
what
it
is.
Lastly,
we
have
the
Q&A
and
wrap-up
Q&A,
we'll
take
your
questions
and
we
will
try
to
answer
as
many
questions
as
possible
as
a
panel.
C
C
Did
you
know
that
you
can
actually
look
at
quite
a
few
things
in
the
sky,
with
just
a
pair
of
binoculars,
I,
mainly
mostly
planets,
but
for
deep
sky
objects?
You
can
need
a
telescope.
Okay
and
I.
Do
encourage
you
to
go
out
and
try
to
spot
these
nice
guy
objects,
while
they're
still
visible
in
the
summer
skies.
C
Many
of
our
speakers
are
setting
up
their
equipment
at
the
moment
and
once
the
sky
is
at
its
optimum
darkness,
we
will
look
at
some
celestial
objects
alive,
so
on
tap
tonight
we
will
be
talking
about
double
star,
something
very
interesting
if
you
never
seen
it
before.
You
definitely
want
to
learn
about
it
and
take
a
look
at
it
and
we'll
go
through
that
time.
We'll
talk
about
diffused,
nebula,
okay,
it's
basically
for
a
star-forming
region
and
there's
really
no
well-defined
boundaries
to
to
a
nebula
to
a
diffuse
nebulae.
C
C
So
we're
also
gonna
be
talking
about
planetary
nebula,
which
is
just
remnants
of
of
a
dis
talk.
Okay
and
now,
when
you
talk
about
nibbler
and
open
cluster,
not
that
well,
you
can't
forget
galaxies.
So
are
we
going
to
touch
on
galaxies
as
well?
Okay,
Garrus
is
where
there's
a
system
star
star,
stellar
remnants
gas
does
don't
matter
all
that
about
it
together
by
gravity?
Okay.
So,
let's
see,
let's
see
if
if
I
can
have
the
image
on
screen
here,
if
you
look
at
the
image.
C
Right
there
on
the
top
row,
the
second
image
right
there.
You
can
see
that
that
is
a
very
famous
image
captured
by
a
NASA
and
we're
gonna
be
talking
about
that
as
well.
So
quite
a
few
things
we
get
the
enjoy
and
toward
the
end
of
the
night
there
will
be
a
bonus
surprise
waiting
for
you,
so
stick
around
Joe
will
be
presenting
this
portion
and
he
has
a
very
interesting
setup.
I
was
able
to
see
it.
I
thought
it's
so
cool
I'm
very
excited
that
you
get
to
see
that
tonight.
It's.
C
So
at
this
point,
I
think
I'm
gonna
check
in
with
a
few
speakers
and
see
we
can
take
a
look
at
the
equipment:
okay,
I'll,
probably
gonna,
pick
on
Glenn
first,
so
Glenn
hosts
a
hands-on
imaging
program
like
conch
mentioned
earlier,
and
his
setup
currently
is
a
semi-permanent
setup
at
home
in
a
white
light
pollution
zone,
but
Glenn's
they
put
a
war
fun
way
to
walk
around
that
and
still
give
us.
Some
amazing
views:
okay
and
I'm,
hoping
that
Glenn
is
ready,
Glenn,
yeah
and
then
Michael.
What
to
you?
Okay,.
D
D
Grab
the
presenting
here
so
yeah
there's
some
clouds
here
and
I'm
in
the
East
Bay,
and
we
have
some
some
clouds
tonight,
but
hopefully
we'll
be
able
to
peek
between
them.
And
you
can
see
my
my
telescope
here.
Let
me
move
it
for
you,
we'll
go
ahead
and
point
it.
The
first
object
here
so
I'll
start
it
moving
and
then
go
back
to
the
camera.
D
D
Yeah
so
I
am
here
in
the
middle
of
Union
City
in
a
white
zone,
but
by
using
filters
and
taking
really
long
exposures
much
longer
than
you
would
take
at
a
dark
site.
I
am
able
to
to
image
from
here
from
the
comfort
of
my
office
control
room,
which
you
can
see
here
on
the
screen,
all
the
different
things.
So
that's
that's
what
I
do
from
here?
Okay,.
C
All
right,
thank
you.
Thank
you
for
the
elaborate
display
and
walkthrough
and
we're
gonna
see
you
again
shortly
in
the
armchair
observing
segment,
yep,
okay,
so
next
I
think
gonna
pick
on
Bruce.
Now,
let's
check
in
with
Bruce
Bruce
host
the
imaging
special
interest
group
and
and
that's
a
very
popular
program
like
conch
mention
and
let's
see,
Bruce
hey.
How
about
you
tell
us
the
viewers
a
little
bit
about
your
equipment?
Oh
yeah,.
E
Yeah,
you
guys
see
me
well,
you
can
probably
see
it
behind
me.
Yeah
I
think
you
can.
What
I
have
set
up
tonight
is
a
152
millimeter
refractor,
which
uses
excuse
me
uses
lenses
rather
than
mirrors.
That
Glenn
is
using
for
focusing
the
light
and
gathering
the
photons
and
bringing
the
heavens
closer
to
you.
E
It's
a
portable
set
up.
It's
on
a
mount
called
a
MX
plus
made
by
a
company
called
software
disc
and
I
use
Wi-Fi
to
communicate
with
it
and
I
there's
a
program
that
came
with
a
mount
called
the
sky
X,
which
is
planetarium
software
like
stellarium,
and
the
drives
them
out
and
acts
as
a
driver
for
other
software
to
interact
with
the
mount
and
point
it
where
it
needs
to
be
pointed
in
run.
The
camera.
E
C
A
Before
we
switch
over
to
the
next
individual
conch,
can
you
stop
sharing
for
a
quick
second,
so
we
can
actually
see
a
bigger
view
of
Bruce's
rig
Bruce.
If
you
don't
mind,
sharing
your
camera,
one
more
time
would
love
to
see
a
close-up
of
that
camera.
Give
me
one.
Second,
let's
get
spotlight
going
on
yeah.
A
F
A
C
All
right,
thank
you
that
looks
pretty
heavy-duty
and,
as
you
can
see,
we
have
two
different
setups
Bruce's
setup
is
quite
different
from
Flint's,
okay,
papa,
let's
check
in
on
one
more
telescope.
Okay,
let
me
take
a
look
here,
see
who
I
should
check
on.
Let's
check
in
with
the
Nicola
Nicola
is
a
very
contributor,
and
hopefully
he
has
his
rig
set
up
and
give
us
a
quick
walkthrough
Nicola
you're
on
yes,.
G
G
I'm
just
next
to
it,
so
this
is
61
millimeter
with
an
optics
tractor.
It's
a
very
similar
telescope
like
brus,
except
the
difference
is
that
it's
actually
very
wide
field
field
of
view,
which
allows
me
to
actually
take
very
large
images,
particularly
nebulas,
and
it's
actually
a
light
telescope
which
helps
to
actually
take
very
long
exposures,
sometimes
I'm,
also
in
a
white
area,
white
sky
with
very
high
light
pollution.
C
Right,
Thank,
You
Nikola,
thank
you
for
showing
us
your
ray,
so,
as
you
can
see,
there
are
many
choices
when
it
comes
to
selecting
a
telescope.
Okay,
now
that
we
have
seen
three
different
telescope
from
the
outside,
what
about
the
inside
of
a
telescope?
Well,
for
this
part,
I'll
ask
conch
to
give
us
an
overview.
Conch.
B
Yeah
Thank
You
Nancy
yeah,
just
like
how
Nicola
and
Bruce
showed
and
those
are
called
a
refractor,
telescopes
I'm
sure.
A
lot
of
you
have
already
seen
telescopes
before,
and
some
of
you
are
probably
already
know
how
they
work.
But
we
always
you
know
it's
top
part.
Is
you
always
get
folks
who
very
new
to
the
this
subject
and
I?
B
Don't
know
how
they
work
and
what
they're
about
so
I
want
to
take
one
example
at
the
ones
that
Nicole
I
showed
a
refractor
telescope
and
kind
of
give
you
a
few
minutes
introduction
how
this
thing
works.
So
this
is
what
he
showed
a
refractor
telescope
and
you
probably
have
seen
this
in
pictures
or
department
stores
and
whatnot.
B
Now,
if
you
go
outside
in
a
dark
sky-
and
you
look
up
using
your
eyes
you're
the
light,
that's
coming
from
the
celestial
objects
into
your
eyes
from
two
of
your
pupils
or
pupils
and
the
pupils
are
not
as
no
bigger
than
about
five
or
six
millimeters
in
diameter.
That's
just
like
like
having
do
little
straws
and
having
the
light
enter
those
two
straws.
Instead
of
doing
that,
you
could
use
the
telescope
to
gather
a
lot
more
light
and
then
funnel
it
to
your
eyes,
so
you
actually
gather
a
lot
more
information
there.
B
So
here
you
see,
let
me
get
this
pointer,
so
here
you
can
see
the
lights
coming
from
a
far
away.
Object
in
this
case
looks
like
a
galaxy
here
and
it's
entering
the
telescope,
the
front
of
the
telescope,
and
you
have
a
lens
here.
What
the
lens
does
is.
This
is
a
convex
lens
and
what
it
does
is
it's
bring
the
lights
to
a
focus
point
in
the
back
of
the
telescope.
B
So
now
you
funnel
this
big
big
bucket
of
light
into
a
small
point,
and
after
that
you
have
another
piece
of
this
little
glass
element
on
here.
What
it
is
is
what
we
call
it
an
eyepiece,
what
it
does
is
kind
of
looks
like
a
magnifying
glass
and
a
focus,
or
so
you
can
actually
move
this
back
element
back
and
forth
until
you
get
the
right
focus
and
right
level
of
magnify
magnification.
B
So
normally
this
back
element
can
be
is
a
removal
element
in
our
telescopes,
where
you
can
get
different
levels
of
magnification
so
by
gathering
a
lot
of
light
and
being
able
to
magnify
that
light,
and
you
can
see
them
objects
and-
and
you
can
see
the
details
of
it,
you
need
to
treat
the
details
because
even
a
bright
object
like
moon,
unless
you
actually
zoom
into
it,
you
can't
really
see
the
details.
So
this
is
the
the
basic
way
a
telescope
works,
and
here
we
are
just
showing
it
using
a
refractor
type.
B
C
Thank
You
conch
that
was
quite
informative,
so
now
that
you've
got
a
you
got
a
glimpse
of
these
equipment
and
a
brief
understanding
of
how
they
work
in
a
little
while
we
get
to
see
these
telescopes
in
action.
Okay.
So
if
you
new
to
this,
when
we
talk
about
stars
nice,
guy
astronomy,
there's
some
big
questions
come
to
mind
as
to
let's
say
where
to
start
what
to
look
for
how
to
spot
a
star
and
what
can
we
see
in
the
night
sky,
etc?
C
A
A
A
A
Absolutely
right,
there
is
a
lot
there's
a
whole
universe
of
a
lot
up
there
in
the
night
sky
and
we're
just
scratching
the
surface.
With
what's
on
this
slide,
and
you
know
we
have
to
narrow
things
down
because
we
were
limited
on
time,
but
let's
get
started.
Let's
take
a
look
at
our
solar
system
right
when
we
look
at
our
solar
system.
What
are
the
some
of
the
things
that
we
are
able
to
see
right
away
or
notice?
A
Of
course
we
see
the
Sun
during
the
day
right,
bright
and
shiny
in
the
night
sky,
illuminating
the
night
sky,
so
our
solar
system
happens
to
be
a
one
star
system
or
Sun,
either
yellow
dwarf.
It
is
a
store
and
our
system
is
a
one
star
system
and
of
course,
with
that
we
have
planets.
We
have
Kate
major
planets
and
a
couple
of
dwarf
planets
or
minor
planets,
and
with
these
planets
we
have
moon.
Mars
has
two
moons
right.
A
We
have
one
moon
which
we
get
to
see
pretty
much
almost
every
night,
except
on
new
moon
right
and
we've
got
Saturn
in
first
place
with
82
moons
with
Uecker
in
second
place,
with
79
moons.
In
addition
to
moon,
do
we
get
to
see
a
true
asteroid?
We
get
to
see
satellites
and
comments
talking
about
Commerce.
There
is
a
comet,
that's
visible
in
July
right
now
you
can
go
and
take
a
look
at.
You
can
find
it
in
the
evening
sky
or
in
the
early
pre-dawn
sky.
A
We
have
a
beautiful
photograph
from
one
of
our
members
that
we
will
highlight
and
showcase
in
just
a
couple
of
slides
now
talking
about
stars
stars
come
in
different
configurations.
We
got
the
one
star
system,
but
then
you
also
have
binary
star
systems
when
you
actually
have
two
stars
that
happen
to
be
gravitationally
bound
or
seem
to
look
like
they
might
be
gravitationally
bound
or
not,
and
the
difference
happens
to
be
if
they
are
gravitationally
round
and
we're
going
to
use
two
oranges
as
an
example
right
here
and
if
they're
doing
a
gravitational
dance.
A
Just
like
that,
then
it
is
it
true.
Binary
system,
but
if
visually
you
get
to
see
two
very
closely,
but
as
you
can
see,
they
might
be
very
far
apart.
Those
those
are
called
a
visual
binary
and
then,
of
course,
when
we
move
over
from
binary
star
systems
to
multiple
star
systems,
you
can
have
three
star
system,
four
star
systems
and
so
and
so
forth.
Now,
moving
from
that
stars
also
come
in
different
other
configurations
called
clusters.
Nancy
touched
upon
clusters
earlier
on.
She
talked
about
open
clusters
and
globular
clusters.
A
It's
part
of
the
sneak
peak
slide
that
you
guys
remember.
The
open
clusters
are
anywhere
from
a
few
hundred
to
about
a
thousand
stars
that
are
loosely
coupled
graph.
They
just
become
gravitationally
bound.
There
are
social
distancing
of
sorts.
If
you,
if
you
want
to
look
at
it
with
the
current
climate
and
then
you
know,
those
are
open
clusters
and
then
goblet
clusters
are
these
very
dense
vertical
structures,
very
ancient
structures.
In
the
night
sky.
A
They
usually
revolve
around
a
galactic
core
like
our
galaxy,
and
we
have
about
150
that
we've
been
able
to
identify
to
date
and
those
are
very,
very
dense,
dense
structures
of
anywhere
from
tens
of
thousands
or
hundreds
of
thousands
even
up
to
a
million
stars,
are
the
globular
clusters.
And
then
we
move
up
the
constellations.
We're
all
aware
of
the
12
is
of
dial
constellations.
A
There
are
about
88,
categorized
or
cataloged
constellations
by
the
International
Astronomical
Union
and
within
these
constellations
we
see
human
recognizable
patterns
and
those
are
called
asterisms
and,
as
you
can
see,
on
the
screen
right
now,
we've
got
sort
of
kind
of
a
pan
and
a
Panhandle,
and
that
is
in
the
Ursa
Major.
The
Big
Dipper
constellation
we'll
talk
about
that
in
just
a
couple
of
slides
and
that's
that's
a
pattern
that
we
get
to
see.
A
If
you
were
to
take
a
look
at
Sagittarius,
we
would
see
the
teapot
in
Sagittarius
and
then,
of
course,
you've
got
the
event.
Structures
of
clouds
of
stars
called
star
clouds
and
then
you've
got
nebulas
and
nebulas
come
in
two
different
different
varieties,
and
some
of
them
actually
happened
to
be
stellar
nurseries,
and
all
of
this
is
contained
in
massive
containers
called
galaxies,
and
these
galaxies
come
in
different
shapes
and
sizes.
You've
got
spiral,
barred
spiral,
elliptical
and
irregular
galaxies.
H
A
H
H
H
A
H
A
You're
absolutely
right.
We
talked
about
comments,
so
here
we
have
a
beautiful
image
taken
this
morning.
It
was
taken
this
morning
at
around
4:30
a.m.
by
an
SI
member
and
Nick
Hill,
a
member
and
a
friend
from
the
fossil
City
trails.
Looking
northeast,
it's
it's
a
comment
called
sea,
20,
2003,
new
lives
or
coming
near
lives.
It
was
found
by
the
nearby
Space
Telescope
on
March
27th.
It
will
be
the
closest
to
Earth
on
July
23rd.
A
Please
make
sure
that
you
get
to
see
it
this
month
because
it
might
not
come
back
for
another
five
or
seven
thousand
years,
so
it
will
be
visit.
It'll,
be
at
a
magnitude
of
positive
1.
A
plus
1
or
plus
2
it'll
be
visible
to
the
naked
eye,
so
pre-dawn
around
4:00
4:30.
You
should
be
able
to
spot
it
or
later
it
not
or
in
the
evening
time
you
might
it'll
be
very,
very,
very
load
of
the
risin,
so
you
might
need
very
clear
skies.
A
But
this
comet
is
going
to
be
very
bright,
but
there's
another
object
in
the
night
sky
that
happens
to
be
also
very
bright,
and
that
happens
to
be
our
moon
and
our
moon
goes
through
a
variety
of
different
phases
as
it
orbits
the
earth
so
based
on
the
position
of
the
moon
in
its
orbit
around
the
Earth.
We
get
to
see
the
different
phases
so
call.
What
phase
are
we
in
right
now?
Well,.
H
A
A
very
good
question
and
thank
you
for
calling
that
out
so
now
for
all
the
folks
that
grew
up
with
Karate
Kid
or
watched
Karate
Kid
we've
got
a
reference
right
over
here,
wax
on
and
wax
off
the
iconic
cotta
kid
referenced
from
mr.
Miyagi
as
he
was
training
in
Danielson,
so
I've
gone
ahead
and
changed
that
a
little
bit
to
wax
on
and
a
wane
off
and
the
way-
and
this
has
helped
me-
learn
the
different
phases
of
the
Moon.
A
A
G
A
Get
to
see
a
few
specks
in
the
night
sky
right,
otherwise,
it's
primarily
the
same
kind
of
sheen
across
the
night
sky,
with
just
these
few
little
dots
and
that's
all
you
get
to
see.
But
when
you
start
moving
out
into
suburban
sky
and
that
light
pollution
reduces
quite
a
bit,
you
get
to
see
a
lot
more
in
the
night
sky
and
then
getting
out
an
excellent
dark
sky
sight.
There
is
so
much
more
so
much
more
beauty
that
you
get
to
see.
Now,
of
course,
what
is
that
range?
What
is
that
limit
right?
A
We
talked
about
eyesight
and
then,
finally,
if
you
happen
to
have
aliens
covering
the
night
sky,
then
we've
got
other
problems
to
deal
with
at
that
point,
so
make
sure
you
pack
up
and
run
out
the
door
with
your
bug
out
bag
and
now,
let's
get
to
the
stellarium
mount.
So
let
me
go
ahead
and
switch
over
to
this
fill
area
map
and
we'll
start
walking
through
the
night
sky.
A
A
A
They
happen
to
be
right
here
and
those
are
pointer
stars.
So
if
you
draw
a
line
from
this
pointer
stars,
an
arrow
pretty
much
an
imaginary
arrow,
it
points
to
Polaris
the
North
Pole
star,
North
Pole
star
is
roughly
about
432
for
33
light-years
from
us
light-years.
The
businesses
light
travels
in
one
year
and
that's
equivalent
to
roughly
about
six
trillion
miles.
So
we've
got
a
large
distance
that
light
travels
and
multiply
that
by
433
that's
an
even
bigger
number.
Now
Polaris
just
happens
to
be
next
to
our
North
celestial
Pole.
A
So
we
call
that
the
North
Pole
star.
Now
we
are
in
a
planetarium
app,
so
we
can
turn
on
the
constellation
lines.
Let's
just
go
and
do
that
I'll
turn
on
the
labels
as
well,
and
now
you
can
see
that
there
are
constellations
starting
to
form
with
these
imaginary
lines
that
otherwise
we
cannot
draw
in
the
night
sky,
but
we
can
do
so
in
a
planetary,
app
or
planetarium.
A
So
we've
got
Ursa
Major,
we've
got
the
the
pan
and
the
Panhandle,
which
is
about
one-third
of
the
total
count,
the
bigger
constellation
of
Ursa
Major,
the
Big
Bear-
and
these
pointed
stars
point
to
flares,
which
is
a
tail
star
of
Ursa
Minor.
The
the
little
bear
you've
got
Draco
the
dragon,
pretty
much
protecting
Ursa
Minor.
A
Now
our
ancestors
imagined
and
more
than
just
these
lines,
they
imagined
art
that
would
surround
these
stars,
the
Stitch
narratives
and
stories
there
were
the
ancient
storytellers
and
because
of
them,
we've
got
these
constellations
in
the
night
sky
right
they
stitch
events.
They
stitch
narratives
all
around
these,
these
these
stars.
So
let's
see
what
they
imagined.
So
now,
with
the
constellation
art
turned
on,
you
can
see
the
Big
Bear,
you
can
start
visualizing.
This
you've
got
Ursa
Minor
the
little
bear
and
you
got
Polaris
at
the
tail
and
sorry
for
the
dragon.
I
A
H
A
Kenneth
nonnatus
E
is
the
hunting
dogs
right
so
from
Ursa
Major.
Let's
go
ahead
and
get
the
the
arrow
tool
back
out
from
Ursa
Major
we
were
able
to
get
from
the
pointer
stars
were
able
to
get
to
the
players
and
find
Ursa
Minor,
but
if
we
continue
to
go
further,
we'll
get
to
Cepheus
the
mythical
king,
the
king
of
ethiopia,
but
right
below
this
pan
hand,
panhandle
right
below
that
we've
got
the
hunting
dogs.
Kenneth
Renata,
see
now
we'll
come
back
to
Castaneda
c-4
in
a
second.
A
We
get
to
our
Kirsten
booties
and
booties
is
the
herdsman.
But
if
you
were
to
draw
a
line
between
the
stars,
it
looks
sort
of
kind
of
like
a
kite
with
our
tourists
at
the
the
tail
end
of
the
streamer
end.
But
then
there's
another
another
verse
to
that
line.
Our
two
Arcturus
and
then
strong
spike
down
to
Rico,
yes
by
Konnor
spike
down
to
Spica.
So
let's
go
and
do
that,
let's
spike
down
to
Spica
in
Virgo
all
right.
A
A
A
Now,
let's
just
go
ahead
and
zoom
right
in.
We
should
be
able
to
see
a
little
bit
of
the
spiral.
Galaxy
now
even
mind
that
some
of
the
items
that
we're
showcasing
right
here
in
between
the
constellations
you
know
all
part
of
what's
coming
up
in
the
next
segment,
the
armchair
observing
segment
and
we're
gonna
be
stitching.
Another
narrative
to
help
you
understand
a
little
bit
more
about
these
objects
and,
of
course,
we'll
be
doing
based
on
the
weather,
will
be
either
showing
you
stock
images
or
will
be
actually
looking
at
some
of
these
alive.
A
A
That
happens
to
be
on
the
left
edge.
So
if
we
go
from
Arcturus,
we
go
one
up
the
next
brightest
and
that
happens
to
be
eyes
are
right.
Over
there
eyes
are
as
a
beautiful
double
star,
we'll
get
to
see.
It
has
a
beautiful
golden
and
a
smaller
white
star
companion.
That's
all
I'll
leave
it
at
that
and
then
we'll
get
to
the
next
item.
Where
do
we
want
to
go
next?
Car?
Well,.
H
Right,
it's
a
red
orange
star
about
37,
light
years
away,
it's
so
what
some
billion
years
old,
with
the
mass
of
about
one
tenth
overall
greater
than
our
own
Sun.
So
when
you
step
outside
to
look
at
our
tourists
tonight,
you're
looking
at
how
our
Sun
might
look
like,
you
know
about
two
and
a
half
billion
years
from
now.
A
A
A
A
There
we
go
now
we're
in
the
right
orientation,
so
you
did
say
that
the
summer
triangle
was
coming
up
in
the
night
sky
and
I'll
just
give
a
quick
reference
of
the
summer
triangle,
because
there's
an
easy
way
for
us
to
traverse
through
a
bunch
of
different
constellations
from
Arcturus.
So
let's
turn
on.
Let's
turn
on
the
asterisms,
and
you
know,
Arcturus
is
all
the
way
up
here.
Let
me
go
ahead
and
put
a
stamp
right
over
there.
A
So
our
course
is
right
over
there
and
then
summer
triangle
happens
to
be
right
here,
and
you
can
see
this
little.
You
can
see
this
triangle.
We've
got
three
stars
in
three
different
constellations:
Vega
the
harp
star
in
Lyra,
the
harp
Deneb,
the
KO
star
of
the
Swan
and
Cygnus
the
Swan,
and
then
we've
got
Altair
near
the
heart
of
we
love
this,
the
the
ego.
Oh,
let
me
turn
the
constellation
art
on
for
a
second
and
we
should
be
able
to
see
so.
We've
got
booties
up
here.
A
We've
got
Corona
borealis,
the
northern
crown
we've
got
Hercules
and
then
we've
got
the
summer
triangle.
So
when
you're
trying,
when
you're
moving
from
Arcturus
all
the
way
down
to
Vega,
that's
a
great
way
to
do
Traverse
through
Corona
borealis,
which
is
another
crown,
so
let's
take
a
look
at
that
and
it
looks
like
a
big
smiley
face
in
the
night
skies.
A
Of
course
you
know
if
anybody
is
out
there
you're,
not
feeling
that
great
just
get
out
there
and
find
this
big
smiley
face
in
the
night
spaniel
always
Europe
does
does
it
for
me
and
then
right
below
Corona
borealis
heading
towards
Vega,
you've
got
Hercules.
You've
got
this
massive
Keystone
of
Hercules.
Of
course
the
Keystone
is
that
mean
Rock
main
stone
in
the
archway
of
any
of
any
archway.
That's
a
mean
stone
that
if
you
take
out,
the
entire
arch
will
fall
so
guys.
A
Please
do
not
take
the
the
keystone
of
Hercules
out
of
the
night
sky.
The
night
sky
will
fall
on
us,
no
I'm
just
kidding.
Then,
of
course,
as
you
come
down
to
Vega
the
harp
star,
you
can
then
easily
get
to
the
summer
triangle.
M92
it
was.
We
were
looking
at.
So
what
we're
going
to
look
at
m92?
What
is
it
call
this.
A
H
A
Again,
a
lot
of
these
objects
will
come
be
coming
back
to
when
we
get
to
the
arm
to
observing
segment.
Next,
let's
zoom
back
out
again
and
get
to
the
summer
triangle.
The
next
one
happens
to
be
a
planetary
nebula
it
within
the
confines
of
the
summer
triangle.
So
I'll
open
up
the
the
asterism
charts
appear
as
well
the
triangle,
so
you
can
see
the
triangle
Oh,
which
one
was
it
Carl
that
we
wanted
to
get
to
well.
A
A
But
what
you
can
definitely
see
here,
it's
within
the
confines
of
a
summer
triangle
and
from
the
head
of
the
Swan,
which
is
Albireo
a
double
star,
we'll
cover
that
in
the
next
star
party,
as
you
move
down
to
Aquila
you'll,
pass
to
other
constellations,
smaller
constellations
and
that
Isabella
Pecola,
the
Fox
answered
you
to
the
arrow
and
right
in
between
is
where
you
will
find
him.
27
and
27
also
happens
to
be
a
by
now.
Cooler
object
same
thing
with
m92
the
globular
cluster.
You
should
be
able
to
see
both
of
them
with
binoculars.
I
A
The
Swan
yes,
the
Cygnus
is
one
of
the
right
wing
coming
off.
You
should
be
able
to
go
right
off
of
that
middle
section
and
notice.
A
very,
very,
very
faint,
of
course.
Here
we've
got
a
color
image,
but
we'll
be
looking
this
segment,
though
the
western
veil,
the
western
segment
of
this
supernova
remnant
tonight,
let's
zoom
back
out
so
that
way
you
can
see
the
placement
of
it
again.
The
summer
triangle
we
got
Vega
right
up.
A
There,
we've
got
the
Napa
tail
as
the
Swan
I'll
tear
the
heart
of
the
ego
and
on
the
right
wing
of
Cygnus.
The
Swan
we've
got
the
veil
nebula,
the
Western
rail
or
the
entire
rail
nebula,
and
then
we
will
just
will
be
focused
on
the
the
western
part
of
it,
which
has
multiple
different
names
and
we'll
get
to
that.
What's
next
Carl,
where
do
you
want
to
go
next?
Well.
H
H
A
Wow,
okay,
all
right
I'll
zoom
in
one
quick.
Second,
but
let's
take
a
let's
do
an
orientation,
so
we've
got
the
other
summer
triangle:
we've
got
a
quality
Eagle
right
and
as
we
move
to
the
right
of
the
equal
of
the
Eagle,
we
have
another
form
of
four
stars
that
form
scooting
the
shield.
Alright.
So
in
between
these
both
we
will
find
the
wild
duck
cluster
or
pretty
much
in
student.
But
you
get
the
idea.
A
So,
let's
zoom
in
a
bit
turn
the
constellation
art
off
and,
as
you
can
see,
we've
got
an
open
cluster
called
a
welder
cluster
and
also
the
salt
and
pepper
cluster.
To
me,
it
definitely
does
look
like
salt
and
pepper,
but
to
some
others
it
might
look
like
the
one
of
the
flock
of
wild
ducks
in
the
night
sky
and,
lastly,
we're
going
to
get
to
the
iconic
Eagle
Nebula.
Where
is
that
Carl?
Do
you
remember
yeah.
A
Part
of
serpent,
Eternity
constellation
Archon
again
serpent
is
a
very
large
constellation,
so
you
can
see
a
few
'kiss
and
you've
got
the
serpent
or
serpent
pretty
much.
You
got
a
tail
end
going
all
the
way
around
coming
up
top
and
you've
got
the
head
of
the
serpent,
so
you're
talking
about
near
the
tail
end
somewhere
between
scutum
and
Serpent's,
right,
I
think
that's
where
it
is
yeah.
A
Right
at
the
border
there
we
go
and
the
iconic
pillars
of
creation
that
Nancy
talked
about
earlier
are
part
of
the
Eagle
Nebula
and
we'll
touch
base
on
that
as
well.
We've
got
a
beautiful
image
coming
out
in
the
observing
armchair
section
all
right,
so
we
have
taken
a
look
at
a
bunch
of
constellations.
One
other
thing
that
I
do
want
to
point
out.
A
If
we
turn
on
the
cardinal
points
and
let's
take
a
look
at
the
South
section
right
here
right,
so
we
were
at
scutum
and
then
we
can
take
a
look
at
this
teapots
to
see
what's
coming
up.
Well,
we
talked
about
asterisms.
This
is
the
Sagittarius
teapot,
we'll
get
more
into
this
in
the
next
hour
party
and
right
next
to
it,
we
happen
to
have
Scorpius
the
scorpion
scorpion
for
all
of
those
that
have
seen
mallanna.
This
is
the
Maui's
fish
and
in
between
Scorpius
and
Sagittarius,
we
happen
to
have
our
galactic
center
somewhere
about.
A
There
is
the
center
of
our
galaxy,
and
now
what
we're
gonna
do
is
going
to
turn
the
constellation
art
off
we're
gonna,
zoom
out
and
we're
gonna
very
quickly
trace.
Some
of
these
items
in
the
night
sky
and
let's
see
how
your
memory
does
folks
I,
want
you
to
follow
along
I
hope.
My
memory
serves
me
well
I,
am
they
don't
have
any
aids
here?
So
let's
do
this
pan
and
pan
handle
is
what
we
started
off
with.
So,
let's
draw
that
out.
We
got
the
pan
and
the
pan
handle
from
the
pointer
stars.
A
Moroccan
Dube,
we
went
to
flourish
in
Ursa
Minor
purple
irises
are
not
postural
to
the
tail
star
of
Ursa
Minor.
Look
on
Draco
the
dragon
that
goes
ahead
and
surrounds
Ursa
Minor.
Now
Moroccan
Dubey
are
the
right
two
pointer
stars
right,
the
right
two
stars
at
the
pan,
but
if
you
were
to
consider
the
left
to
start
of
the
pan,
those
would
get
you
that
ahead
of
head
of
the
dragon.
A
If
you
went
in
the
opposite
direction,
you
would
get
the
Leo
minor,
which
is
a
little
flying,
and
then
you
would
get
to
the
big
line,
also
in
the
constellation
art
on
for
a
second.
So
you
can
see
the
little
line
and
the
big
line
here
you
have
you've
got
a
little
line
and
you've
got
the
big
line,
we'll
turn
that
off
again
we'll
come
back
to
those
in
a
second
from
the
arc
you
can
arc
down
to
our
tourists
and
then
you
can
spike
spike
on
spike
or
somewhere
over.
A
A
The
big
smiley
face
right
there
we've
got
her.
Klee
is
the
keystone
of
Hercules.
You
can
see
right
below
Hercules
with
m92
from
Cygnus.
You
get
go
to
the
head
of
the
Swan
and
then
go
downwards.
You
across
the
particular
answer,
Jeter
and
somewhere
over
here
with
him
27
next
to
the
right
wing
of
the
Swan,
was
the
veil
nebula
and
then
moving
from
Altair
towards
khuddam.
We
found
M
11,
which
is
the
world
of
clusters
somewhere
about
there
and
between
student
and
serpent.
A
We
would
find
the
Eagle
Nebula
somewhere
about
there
all
right
folks
now,
since
you
have
this
on
the
screen,
I
would
like
for
you
guys
to
put
your
your
phones
out,
take
a
quick
picture.
So
when
you
go
out
tonight
after
the
show,
you
can
go
and
find
some
of
this
stuff.
If
you've
got
binoculars,
you
can
try
to
find
some
of
the
some
of
the
items
that
are
visible
by
binoculars,
but
at
least
you'll
be
able
to
trace
and
find
some
of
these
constellations
and
learn
more
about
the
night
sky.
A
H
All
right
for
you
could
read
books,
magazines,
Google
sounds
pretty
good.
You
could
download
stellarium
for
free.
You
can
get
star
charts,
printable,
star
charts,
which
rush
you
tell
you
about
a
little
bit
later.
Also,
these
these
little
magazines
inserts
I've
been
using
these
for
years.
These
are
pretty
good
to
use
and
also
you
can
join
the
SJA.
A
Yes,
you
can
definitely
join
the
SaaS
Jas
wolf
says
for
the
price
of
one
Pizza,
you
get
to
be
a
member
and
enjoy
its
benefits.
It's
only
$20.
So
definitely
look
at
you
know.
Looking
at
what
all
conch
talked
about
the
benefits
that
you
get.
Please
join
the
Association
and
there's
so
much
to
learn,
there's
so
much
fun
that
we
have
as
an
association.
We
do
all
these
events,
we
do.
You
know
private
events
as
well.
There's
a
lot
going
on
a
lot
to
learn.
A
Let's
go
enjoy
now
we
talked
about
printable,
star
charts,
you
can
go
to
sky
maps,
calm
into
the
download
section
and
download
the
sky
map
for
either
the
northern
hemisphere
or
the
southern
hemisphere
for
that
specific
calendar
month.
So
this
is
for
July
2020.
As
you
can
see,
you've
got
you
know
all
the
constellations
already
laid
out
a
lot
more
on
that
chart
itself
and
then
there's
a
lot
of
text
around
it
talking
about.
A
What's
in
the
night
sky,
what
you
can
go
find
where
it
might
be
and
of
course,
some
more
information
on
the
back
side
and
on
the
second
page,
things
that
are
easily
seen
with
binoculars,
so
skopic
objects
or
items
that
are
UV
visible
to
the
naked
eye.
So
definitely
there's
a
lot
of
material
out
there.
You've
got
books,
you've
got
star
charts,
but
if
you
want
to
quickly
start
tonight
itself,
you
have
a
printer
at
home
or
you
just
want
to
download
this
on
there.
A
J
There
so,
let's
see
you
guys,
have
done
a
phenomenal
job
so
far
and
we
are
only
halfway
there.
So
we
have
two
questions
that
we
can
answer
in
this
mini
Q&A
and
then
we
will
have
more
questions
towards
the
end
and
I
asked,
and
this
is
for
conch
I.
Think.
Can
you
use
the
refractor
telescope?
You
showed
during
the
daytime
where
there
is
more
light.
B
Okay,
yeah,
you
can,
but
this
little
bit
of
carrots,
if
you,
if
you
would
like
to
see,
depends
on
what
you're
going
to
look
at
if
you're
going
to
look
at
objects
up
in
the
sky,
there's
nothing
to
see
other
than
the
Sun,
and
we
highly
recommend
you
do
not
do
that,
because
the
telescope
cannot
handle
it
and
you
will
get
eye
damage
instantly.
You
need
to
use
a
special
coloring
to
cover
the
telescope
to
look
at
the
Sun.
B
However,
if
you
want
to
use
the
telescope
to
see
terrestrial
objects,
you
can
do
that
with
a
couple
cameras
that
I
can
mention
quickly
here.
One
is
these
telescopes.
It
has
a
tendency
to
to
to
move
the
object
that
you're
looking
at
either
upside
down
or
left,
and
right
switched
so
you
it
won't
be
as
enjoyable
looking
at
it.
So
you
need
to
get
special
optical
apparatus
to
make
it
right-side
up
image.
B
So
that's
one,
the
other
one
you
would
probably
see
is
the
what
we
called
a
field
of
view,
which
is
basically,
when
you
look
through
a
telescope
you're
going
to
see
like
a
tunnel
vision.
So
if
you're
going
to
look
at
scenery
far
away,
you
know
you
might
only
see
a
little
piece
of
it,
so
it's
not
as
enjoyable
so
for
that
I
would
recommend
I
look
for
a
pair
of
binocular.
B
J
Thank
you
conch.
This
next
question
is
about
the
comet,
or
rather
photographing
the
comet,
so
we
have
been
chatting
on
it
a
lot
about
this
wonderful
comet.
We
have
in
the
sky
right
now
the
new,
wise
and
emma
has
a
question
about
that.
I
guess!
If
whoever
has
experience
with
photography,
can
answer
this.
What
lens
have
people
been
using
to
image?
The
comet
I
have
a
50
mm
and
a
70
mm.
So
what
is
your
recommendation
for
Emma
I.
D
Think
it
would
depend
on
what
you
want
in
the
background
right,
because
it's
big
enough
to
almost
see
with
the
naked
eye
right.
So
you
don't
really
need
to
zoom
in
that
much
so
it
just
depends
on
how
much
of
you
know.
We
showed
that
image,
the
wonderful
image
that
was
taken
this
morning,
where
we
had
kind
of
the
whole
Bay
there
in
front
of
the
of
the
comments.
So
it
just
depends
on
how
zoomed
in
you
want
to
be.
J
K
K
Let's
see
so
here,
what
movie
is
this
picture
from
I
bet
you?
You
can
all
recognize
this
right
now.
Battery
I
bet
you
a
box
of
donuts
that
you
guys
all
know
what
this
picture
is
and,
of
course,
there's
this
one
as
well
right.
You
know,
if
you
put
these
two
together,
of
course,
they're
from
the
whole,
you
know
Star
Wars,
oh
gosh,
how
many
movies
have
we
had
I?
Guess
six?
K
If
we
look
at
these
right
and
what's
iconic
about
this
right,
this
is
Luke
Skywalker,
looking
at
the
horizon
on
Tatooine
right
and
there
is
this
double
sunset.
You
know
way
back
from
the
first
movie
and
then
here
of
course,
at
the
end
again
he's
looking
at
this
double
sunset,
so
so
yeah
there's
a
double
star
right.
So
you
know
our
world,
of
course,
here
right,
you're
on
earth.
We
see
one
star
rising.
K
We
see
one
Sun,
you
know
in
the
morning
and
then
it
sets
in
the
evening,
but
it
turns
out
that
actually
most
stars
out
there
in
the
in
the
galaxy
are
multiples
to
actually
not
singles.
Our
Sun
is
somewhat
of
an
anomaly
in
that
sense.
So
it
was
actually
a
notion
that
maybe
when
I
was
a
solar
system
formed,
maybe
our
Sun
did
have
a
companion
and
that
companion
might
have
been
injected
into
space
and
it's
possible
that
companion
now
wanders
the
galaxy
on
its
own
as
a
rogue
star.
K
F
D
Yeah
I
think
you
meant
Glenn,
but
that's
okay,
I'm!
Sorry.
What
did
I
say?
You
said:
Bruce,
I'm!
Sorry!
Yes,
okay!
So
let
me
just
get
us
oriented
here,
so
we're
back
in
Stellarium
again
and
this
landscape.
You
may
recognize
if
you've
been
to
our
star
parties
at
Rancho,
Conejo
de
Oro.
The
telescope's
are
normally
set
up
here
along
this
split-rail
fence
and
looking
south
okay.
But
we're
gonna
orient
you
again
back
this
other
way
to
the
north
and.
D
You
know
here's
polaris,
that
we
learned
how
to
how
to
identify
and
we're
going
to
keep.
You
focused
on
that
and
one
of
the
reasons
that
we'd
like
to
be
focused
on
Polaris,
especially
those
of
us
that
are
doing
Astro
imaging,
is
because,
as
as
the
night
moves
on
you
know,
everything
appears
to
rotate
around
that
point
in
the
sky,
because
that's
the
the
north,
and
so
we
need
our
telescopes
to
be
aligned
with
that,
so
that
when
they
turn,
they
turn
with
the
motion
of
the
of
the
stars.
K
Yeah
thanks
so
rashi
already
mentioned
us
a
little
bit
when
he
gave
you
the
overview
of
the
night
sky
earlier
and
by
the
way,
if
you're
anything
like
me,
you
might
have
found
that
whole
walkthrough
of
the
night
sky
with
all
the
stars,
all
those
things
on
the
sky
map
somewhat
bewildering
I,
certainly
felt
that
way
when
I
started.
So
if
you
felt
that
way,
now
don't
worry
about
it.
If
you
like
this
stuff,
stick
with
it,
you'll
figure
this
out
and
you'll
get
there.
So
here
yeah.
K
So
here
we're
now
back
in
this
kite
that
Rashi
described
earlier,
Arcturus
is
kind
of
the
base
of
it,
and
then
one
of
the
stars
that
that
is
the
outline
of
the
kite
is
a
star.
We'll
talk
about
here
is
our
or
eyes
alarm,
and
let
me
see
so.
Let
me
actually
go
and
switch
to
my
setup
and
interestingly
I've
been
watching
my
feed
from
my
telescope
over
the
last
hour
or
so,
and
every
now
and
then
the
star
kind
of
fades
out.
K
So
that
means
one
of
two
things:
it's
either
clouds
or
aliens
I
kind
of
wish
it
were
aliens.
But
it's
probably
clouds
and
actually
right
now,
where
I
see
the
stars
kind
of
disappearing
but
yeah.
So,
let's
see
before
we
look
at
the
star,
then
let
me
just
quickly
show
you
what
we're
using
to
look
at
the
star.
So
here
is
a
picture
of
the
telescope.
That's
sitting
on
my
deck
in
the
backyard.
I
have
a
laptop
attached
to
it,
see
bunch
of
wires
and
here's
an
11-inch.
K
Let's
call
it
Schmidt
Cassegrain
telescope
with
a
camera
stuck
in
the
back.
They
said
that
was
not
nearly
as
fancy
as
some
of
the
other
imaging
rigs
that
will
visit
later
in
this
segment.
But
nevertheless
you
know
I
can
point
it
straight
up
at
this
guy
at
some
nice
stars
and
we
can
get
some
images
out
of
it
and,
let's
see
okay
great
looks
like
whatever
aliens
or
clouds
were
on
the
way
have
moved
a
little
bit
so
right
now
you
know
what
we're
seeing
is
mostly
just
kind
of
a
blob.
K
K
K
This
is
the
atmosphere,
so
the
air
is
turbulent,
so
the
air
is
rising
and
it's
actually
taking
the
light
beam,
that's
coming
from
the
star
and
it's
causing
it
to
twist
and
bounce
and
and
Shake
around,
and
that's
making
the
image
very
jumpy.
And
so,
if
we
take
an
image
of
that
and
we
average
it
over
time,
we
collect
light
over
amount
of
time.
It
starts
to
look
like
a
round
blob,
even
though
it
is
really
just
a
point.
K
There's
the
same
effect
that
makes
stars
twinkle
when
you
look
at
the
night
sky
with
the
naked
eye.
Stars
twinkling
is
like
being
bent
by
the
atmosphere,
oh
yeah,
so
we
look
at
this
here
we
can
see
now
we
can
actually
see
it
pretty
well.
There
are
two
stars
here
again:
the
big
fat,
one
that
really
shouldn't
look
so
fat
and
the
smaller
one.
The
big
one
is
actually
a
star
that
is
kind
of
towards
the
end
of
its
life.
It's
a
star
that
has
run
out
of
hydrogen
fuel.
K
It
is
now
the
phase
where
it's
burning,
the
helium
that
it
created
in
the
prior
phase
and
so
yeah,
so
this
star
is
kind
of
on
its
way
out
the
star.
Next
to
it
the
little
dot.
That's
a
star
that
we
call
the
main
sequence
star:
it's
a
star:
that's
currently
still
burning
hydrogen,
so
we're
our
own
Sun.
Now
earlier
we
saw
the
picture
of
tangerine
right,
Luke
Skywalker,
looking
at
the
horizon,
and
there
he
saw
two
suns
really
close
to
each
other
turns
out
these
two
guys
actually
really
far
away.
K
These
guys
are,
let's
see
I
always
forget
my
numbers,
so
I
will
cheat
now.
I'll.
Look
at
my
list
here.
These
are
about
a
hundred
eighty-five
astronomical
units
apart.
An
astronomical
unit
is
the
distance
from
the
earth
to
the
Sun,
and
so
these
two
stars
are
185
times
the
distance
of
the
Earth
to
the
Sun
apart,
that's
bigger
than
our
entire
solar
system.
So
ya
know
this
is
not
exactly
like
what
we
saw
Luke
seeing
on
the
horizon,
but
nevertheless
it's
very
cool,
and
you
know
just
with
the
naked
eye.
K
D
Write
C
and
you
jumped
ahead
a
little
bit
here
so
so
what
happens
here
in
the
solarium
is
we're
gonna
go
to
the
constellation.
That
eyes
are
is
in
and
bootays
and
then
we're
gonna.
Zero
in
on
eyes
are
and
then
we're
gonna
zoom
in
and
when
and
what
do
we
see
here?
We
see
Wolf's
image
that
he
took
I
believe
last
last
week.
H
K
K
K
So
yeah,
so
so
we
just
talked
about
at
this
double
star
and
we
set
our
own
Sun.
You
know
is
a
single,
but
so
all
these
stars
had
to
come
from
somewhere,
right
and
and
well.
Where
are
they
coming
from
and
they're
coming
from
places?
We
call
stellar
nurseries
and
another
name
for
that
is
a
star-forming
nebula
and
nebula
is
basically
any
fuzzy
thing
in
space,
so
miss
tautomers,
first
looked
at
the
sky
is
like
hey,
there's
a
fuzzy
and
there's
a
fuzzy.
K
They
call
them
all
nebulae
so
but
they're
different
kinds
of
nebulae,
and
so
one
may
be
liberal
visit
here-
is
a
star-forming
nebula
and
it's
a
big
cloud
of
gas.
Maybe
some
dust
is
another
thing.
Astronomy
is
really
easy.
Things
are
either
gas
or
dust.
When
we
look
out
into
space,
that's
this
basically
stuff.
We
can't
see
through
and
yeah,
so
you
have
hydrogen
gas
in
space.
You
know
a
hydrogen
gas
may
be
compressed
and
may
collect
into
balls.
If
you
have
enough
of
that,
together,
gravity
will
keep
crushing
it
together.
K
Eventually,
a
star
will
ignite
and
then
yeah
and
then
you're
forming
stars
in
in
a
nebula
in
the
gas
cloud,
and
so
here
we're
going
to
visit
one
of
these
nebulae.
That
is
called
the
Eagle
Nebula
and
it
has
in
it
this
structure,
that's
very
famous
called
the
pillars
of
creation
and
yeah.
This
one
is
kind
of
hard
to
see
with
you
know
a
small
telescope,
but
certainly
if
you
have,
as
it
says
here
a
tenors
telescope,
you
can
get
a
pretty
nice
view,
but
in
a
good
conditions
and
yeah.
D
First,
we'll
orient
on
the
constellation
Serpens
and
then
we'll
shift
a
little
bit
to
where
m
16
that
Eagle
Nebula
is,
and
then
this
happens
to
be
an
image
I
took
of
M
16
and
it's
too
low
on
the
horizon
and
kind
of
clouded
out
at
the
moment.
So
we're
sharing
image
that
we
took
previously
and
on
this
slide
here,
we're
showing
you
know,
there's
the
the
latest
Hubble
pillars
of
creation
shot,
so
you
can
get
oriented
against
my
version
there
so
yeah.
So
this
is
a
twelve
inch
telescope
that
I.
D
K
I
think
one
key
thing
was
saying:
is
that
yeah,
so
we
actually
take
images
in
different
ways:
there's
not
just
a
single
way.
You
know
to
look
at
the
night
sky
with
our
instruments,
but
we
will
look
at
different
wavelengths.
You
know
different
types
of
light
and
that
reveals
different
things.
This
picture
that
you're
seeing
here
is
optimized
to
show
these
beautiful
pillars
of
creation.
K
It
actually
doesn't
show
the
stars
all
that
much,
but
they
actually
about
eight
thousand
young
stars
in
this
nebula
and
the
young
stars
are
already
burning
they're
pretty
much
outside
these
pillars
that
you're,
seeing
and
inside
the
pillars
we've
detected
evidence
of
stars
that
are
about
to
be
born
right.
So
inside
those
pillars
you
know
new
stars
are
forming
and
they
will
be
igniting
at
some
point.
K
You
know
in
the
future,
and-
and
this
is
these
tremendous
structures
that
you're
seeing
in
the
pillars
of
creation,
they
are
shaped
by
the
stars
that
are
outside
the
pillars.
The
radiation
of
those
stars
is
dispersing
and
shaping
the
gas
and
the
dust.
That's
there
so
over
time
you
know.
Actually
the
gas
and
dust
will
completely
dispersed.
It'll
it'll,
just
kind
of
be
blown
off
into
space,
maybe
go
on
to
form
other
stars
elsewhere
in
the
future.
F
A
Also
goes
to
the
the
idea
of
different
types
of
astrophotography
from
one
shot
right
away
with
the
color
camera,
to
taking
different
different
images
with
different
filters
on
and
applying
a
false
color
to
them,
and
then
stacking
those
and
bringing
you
the
image
that
you're
seeing
right
now,
there's
forms
of
astrophotography.
And
then
you
know
you
can
think
and
choose
what
form
that
you
want
to
go
with
and
which
one
you
want
to
try
out.
K
Absolutely
yeah,
so
that
is
why
I
said
earlier.
You
know
the
the
imaging
telescope
I
showed
you
for
the
double
star
is
a
pretty
dinky
setup
compared
to
what
Glenn
is
using.
For
example,
my
thing
was
just
a
full-color
camera
right
that
was
just
taking
basically
single
shots,
whereas
with
much
more
complex
equipment
and
processing
app,
we
can
get
these
kinds
of
beautiful
images
of
the
pillars.
Oh
sure.
D
K
So
as
we're
getting
there
ready
to
do
that
right
so,
like
p2,
said
the
pillars
of
creation
as
a
star-forming
region
and
the
radiation
from
the
young
stars
actually
shapes
and
blows
away
this
gas
cloud.
We
think
that
the
pillars
of
creation
may
hang
around
for
like
another
hundred
thousand
years
or
so
and
after
that's
gone
after
that's
over
right,
yeah
the
gas
disbursed
and
what
will
be
left
is
what
we
call
an
open
cluster,
so
star-forming
regions
will
ultimately
turn
into
structures
called
open
clusters.
K
You
know
these
stars
will
drift
apart
and
so
we'll
have
one
example
here
that
we
call
em
11
the
wild
duck
cluster
and
yeah,
so
we'll
have
room
into
that
in
a
second,
and
so
you
can
see
here
on
the
slide
ma.
Yeah,
there's
a
single
bright
red
star
near
the
apex
of
something
we
called
a
fan
in
this
structure
and
you
can
actually
see
em
11
yeah
without
any
equipment
right.
Some
of
these
structures
you
can
see
with
the
naked
eye
or
you
could
use
binoculars
to
see
them
and
it's
actually
lot
of
fun.
K
D
A
Are
able
to
also
simulate
satellites
and
show
you
where
they're,
where
the
positions
happened
to
be
so,
if
you
doing
look
out
and
be
in
the
real
night
sky,
you'll
find
them
in
that
same
spot
and
one
one
call
out
as
Glenn
is
moving
things
around.
Is
you
are
watching
a
planetarium
map
in
motion,
so
there's
a
lot
of
rectangles
and
squares
that
you
get
to
see
those
are
actually
images
within
the
planetarium
app
and
you're
not
going
to
see
the
night
sky
exactly
like
that.
Just
the
quick
call
out.
D
D
This
is
what
my
sky
looks
like
from
the
roof
of
my,
and
so
this
target
that
we're
looking
at
is
somewhere
over
in
here.
So
it's
sort
of
semi
cloudy
at
the
moment,
but
as
we
were
starting
the
program,
I
was
actually
imaging
m11
and
you
can
see
the
last
what
we
call
a
sub
exposure
again,
it's
a
monochrome
camera
and
over
here
this
was
taken
through
a
red
filter,
but
it's
you
know
it's
going
to
show
black
and
white
because
it's
a
monochrome
camera.
D
So
that's
the
last
image
that
was
taken
earlier
tonight
before
the
clouds
drifted
through
and
but
over
here,
I
can
take
sort
of
in
semi
real
time.
Take
these
red,
green
and
blue
filter
monochrome
images
as
they
come
off
the
camera
and
stack
them.
We
call
it
live
stacking
in
this
case
to
create
this
color
image
here
of
M
11.
So
almost
almost
live
between
the
clouds
from
earlier
tonight.
That's
an
image
of
M
11.
D
K
But
I
think
once
you
take
away
as
you
can
look
at
this
image
right
and
you
do
see
some
color
differences,
you
know
since,
since
you
said,
you
took
RGB
images
and
you've
combined
them
right
right,
color
pops
out
some
one,
and
so
you
can
doing.
You
could
be
doing
basically
naked
eye
science
here
right
because
the
blue
are
stars
are
hotter
and
the
yellow
are
stars
are
cooler
relatively.
K
All
right
cool
yeah,
so
this
open
cluster,
then
the
sibling
of
set
of
sibling
stars
right.
That
over
time
will
drift
apart
and
you
know
eventually:
they'll
they'll
go
their
separate
ways
and
our
was
born
also
in
a
stellar
nursery.
Like
we
said
earlier
at
one
point,
our
son
was
part
of
an
open
cluster,
the
open
cluster
that
we
were
a
part
of
has
since
spread
apart
right
and
so
now
here
in
our
world
right.
You
know,
we
see
the
Sun
Rise
and
said
every
day
very
nicely.
K
Our
sons
been
around
for
about
four-and-a-half
billion
years,
and
you
know
our
son
will
hang
around
for
another
four-and-a-half
billion
years
or
so.
But
eventually
our
son
will
run
out
of
fuel
and
all
stars
will
do
this
and
when
our
son
runs
out
of
fuel
or
other
stars
like
one
of
the
fuel,
they
turn
into
something.
That's
called
a
planetary
nebula
and
that's
a
terrible
name.
I
think
what
happened
here
is
that
early
astronomers
looked
at
the
sky
and
they
say:
hey,
there's
a
fuzzy
thing:
it's
a
nebula
great
and
look
it's
a
blob.
K
It's
not
just
a
dot,
so
it's
got
size
kind
of
like
a
planet,
but
we
look
through
the
telescope.
So
let's
call
it
a
planetary,
nebula
and
I
think
they
had
no
idea
what
it
really
was
since
then
we
figured
this
out,
but
the
name
stuck.
So
it
turns
out
that
the
planetary
nebula
has
nothing
to
do
with
planets.
It's
actually
a
remnant
of
a
star.
K
Our
Sun
will
create
something
like
that,
eventually
I
kind
of
think
of
it
as
a
as
a
candy,
which
kind
of
a
squishy
outer
layer
right
and
a
hard
crunchy
Center,
because
what's
happened,
is
that
the
Sun
has
as
its
aged
and
run
out
of
fuel.
It's
blown
off
a
bunch
of
material
into
space
and
created
a
big
bubble
around
itself
and
at
the
center
is
leftover.
What
we
call
a
white
dwarf
and
the
white
dwarf
is
yeah.
It's
the
remnant
of
the
star,
which
is
now
a
nerd,
but
still
really
really
hot.
K
In
reading
heat
and
energy
off
into
space,
and
as
it's
reading
that
energy
off
into
space
is
causing
that
bubble,
it
blew
off
earlier
to
glow,
and
so
that's
that's
the
nebula
that
we
see
and
yeah.
So
so
these
are
kind
of
fun
objects.
Here's
one
that
we
talked
about
earlier
and
Carl
even
gave
you
a
demo
with
this
dumbbell
there
right.
This
is
something
we
call
the
dumbbell
nebula,
because
it
kind
of
looks
like
that.
It's
also
called
the
apple
core,
nebula,
sometimes
and
yeah,
so
with
larger
telescopes
right.
I'm.
Sorry
excuse.
K
Absolutely
yes
thanks
Rossi,
so
yeah,
that's
why
we
call
it
the
apple
core
and
indeed
these
nebulae
actually
really
really
big
right.
So
the
bubble.
That's
that's
formed
it's
huge,
so
you
can
see
here
in
the
notes
right
that
in
this
particular
case,
the
bubble
that
cut
form
is
about
three
light-years
in
diameter.
Right
in
comparison,
our
whole
solar
system
is
only
I
think
about
fourteen
light
hours
across
right,
so
it
takes
about
14
hours
for
light
to
go
across
our
solar
system.
This
bubble
is
big
enough
right.
K
K
So
I,
like
planetary,
nebulae,
I,
think
they're
kind
of
fun
objects.
It's
interesting
to
look
at
these
things
in
the
night
sky
and
you
know
we
can
see
stars
in
the
different
phases
of
their
lives
right
and
that
teaches
us
a
lot
about.
What's
going
on
out,
there
teaches
us
about
our
past
and
our
future
here
as
well.
A.
A
D
L
So
this
image
is
is
kind
of
misleading
for
the
observer,
because,
if
you
expect
to
see
this
by
looking
through
a
telescope,
be
disappointed
for
two
reasons.
First
of
all,
this
is
a
long
exposure
image.
It's
the
result
of
four
hours
of
exposures
from
a
red
zone
from
Mountain
View.
But
the
second
reason
is
that
the
colors
colors
that
you
see
in
this
image
give
to
you
hints
about
the
chemical
elements
that
are
in
the
different
parts
of
the
nebula.
L
You
see
the
red
parts,
that's
probably
where
hydrogen
gas
is
being
ionized
by
the
radiation
from
the
star
and
the
the
general
blue
green
fuzz
in
the
middle,
that's
probably
oxygen
and
doubly
ionized,
giving
off
some
light
in
their
typical
teal
color,
and
we
don't
see
colors
with
Europe
with
our
eye
through
a
telescope
at
night.
Our
eyes
are
almost
insensitive
to
colors.
L
We
can
only
see
color
when
the
objects
are
very
bright,
like
in
millions
of
stars
that
have
a
sufficiently
they're
sufficiently
bright
to
give
us
the
impression
of
color,
and
so
we
can
see
them
see,
for
instance,
of
Berio,
being
yellow
and
blue
or
eyes
are
being
gold
and
white.
But
this
this
kind
of
object.
You
can
only
see
the
color
in
long
exposure
like
this
one.
L
Unfortunately,
you
would
not,
because
you
can
stare
for
all
the
time
that
you
want,
but
our
brain
the
attention
span,
if
you
want,
is
very
short,
the
integration
time
of
our
eyes
is
way
less
than
a
second.
So
if
you
take
your
camera
and
take
maybe
a
1/10
of
a
second
exposure,
the
camera
will
record
something
similar
to
what
you
see
with
your
with
your
eyes.
But
the
long
exposure
of
course
can
go
much
deeper
and
can
see
the
colors
yeah.
K
Yeah,
that's
a
really
good
point
that
Francesco
brought
up
right
so
we're
showing
you
a
whole
bunch
of
pictures
that
look
really
cool
with
lots
of
fun,
colors
and
yeah.
We
don't
really
see
those
colors
when
we
look
through
our
ground-based
telescopes
just
with
our
eyes,
but
but
I
really
think
of
these
two
things.
It's
kind
of
complementary
right
on
one
hand,
I
keep
in
my
mind.
You
know
these
beautiful
color
images.
K
We
see,
you
know
it's
for
imaging
techniques
and
and
then
on
the
other
end
yeah
I'm,
looking
through
the
telescope
with
my
own
eyes,
and
it's
a
very
visceral
experience.
Right
and
I
see
the
object
directly.
You
know
those
photons
those
light
particles
that
have
been
traveling
for
hundreds,
thousands,
millions
of
years.
K
You
know
hitting
my
eye
and
you
know
I
can
then
look
at
both
of
these
things
by
at
the
live
view
through
the
telescope,
and
my
imagine
my
these
color
pictures
in
my
mind
right
and
kind
of
combine
them
and
it
it's
a
pretty
cool
experience
and
and
for
the
dumbbell
nebula
here
you
do
get
actually
a
very
crisp
clear
image
on
the
dark
night.
You
know
through
our
telescopes
okay.
D
A
A
I
E
E
A
K
K
Exactly
right,
because
you
know
we've
called
it:
the
dumbbell
nebula
or
the
apple
corer
nebula,
and
maybe
not
everybody-
you
can
actually
see
where
the
dumbbell
or
the
apple
corer
really
is
right,
because
you're
not
used
to
the
image
and
sometimes
seeing
these
shapes.
You
know
that
that
we
used
to
describe
it
they
to
take
some
imagination.
You
know
I've
stared
at
some
of
these
things,
going
I,
don't
see
it,
and
then
somebody
says
oh
look
at
it.
K
This
one
is
like
oh
there
it
is,
and
then
you
can't
unsee
it
after
that,
so
here
yeah,
so
the
apple
corer
is
essentially
or
the
Apple
has
been
taken
from
the
top
and
from
the
bottom
and
that's
where
the
bites
have
happened.
So
the
red
parts
right
are
sent
to
the
remaining
Apple,
the
peel
of
the
Apple
right.
If
you
will
yeah.
A
K
K
Exactly
so
here
on
the
left
and
the
right
are
then
more
diffuse
right
from
our
perspective.
I
mean
there's
still
stuff
there,
but
it
gets
fainter
right.
So
the
nebula
is
more
diffuse
to
the
you
know
like
lower
lower
left
and
top
right,
and
these
things
come
in
different
shapes,
so
there's
another
famous
planetary
nebula.
Also
in
the
summer
triangle
called
the
ring.
K
K
Okay,
one
other
thing
to
talk
about,
while
we're
waiting
for
Chris
to
come
back.
It's
like
you
know
so
so
these
nebulae
right,
they
are
actually
super
diffuse
that
they're
they're,
less
dense
and
some
of
the
best
vacuums
on
earth.
You
know
when
you
look
at
science
fiction
movies
and
there's
a
spaceship.
That's
flying
through
a
nebula.
It's
always
like
this
really
dense
fog.
K
You
know
on
rocks
flying
around
it's
nothing
like
that,
and
we
talk
about
these
actual
nebulae
right
and
where
there
was
a
star
at
the
center,
that's
proofed
off
its
outer
layer
and
that
bubble
has
gotten
huge.
You
know
many
light-years
across
so
the
material
there
is
very
diffuse.
It's
it's
thinner
than
then
the
best
vacuums
on
earth
all.
E
There's
a
clear
spot
right
around
the
dumbbell
on
that
vo.
This
is
the
dumbbell
nebula
in
there
up,
there's
another
cloud
so
because
of
the
clouds
I'm
not
going
to
be
able
to
demonstrate
an
actual
live
stack
at
the
moment,
but
what
I
can
do
is
I
can
simulate
what
it's
like
to
stack
images
similar
to
the
way
that
Glenn
was
doing
it.
E
It's
a
little
more
than
I
think
it's
about
an
hour
and
a
half
worth
of
data
total.
Most
of
them
are
30-second
images
taken
with
a
one
shot.
Color
camera
through
a
very
similar
telescope.
It's
a
refractor,
the
same
camera,
that's
on
my
telescope
tonight
and
let's
just
get
it
started.
You
know
it
will
take
long
for
it
to
develop
an
image.
E
So
there's
a
dumbbell
nebula
in
the
middle
there
and,
as
you
can
see,
it
starts
out
very
grainy
and
not
too
detailed,
and
the
signal-to-noise
ratio
is
very
low,
each
image
that
it
puts
on
top
of
the
neck.
The
prior
images
adds
more
detail,
takes
away
noise
and
basically
develops
the
image
into
a
much
better
quality
image
do
eventually
get
to
a
point
of
diminishing
returns
and
you
don't
see
much
improvement
after
a
while,
but
these
are
pretty
short
exposures,
so
probably
up
until
at
least
100
of
them.
E
E
E
You
can
make
adjustments
to
it.
I
actually
ran
this
last
night
just
to
test
it
out
and
I
made
some
adjustments
to
the
histogram.
So
you
can.
This
entire
graph
here
is
is
all
the
data
that
is
in
each
of
the
images
and
it's
the
stacked
averaged
data.
Also,
though,
and
basically
it's
a
simplify
it's,
this
is
basically.
K
At
the
center
of
this
bubble
that
you're
seeing
there
is
what
we
call
the
white
dwarf
star
right,
which
is
the
remnant
of
That
star
that
previously
ran
out
of
fuel
and
blue
office
outer
layers,
and
that
remnant
is
mostly
carbon
and
oxygen.
You
can
kind
of
think
of
them.
Maybe
it's
like
giant
space
diamonds,
even
if
you
will
so
that's
what
our
Sun
will
do
right,
but
there
are
stars,
are
actually
much
larger
than
our
Sun
and
what
will
they
do?
K
Well,
it
turns
out
if
a
star
gets
big
enough,
then
it
does
not
turn
into
a
planetary
nebula.
It
will
end
its
life
in
a
different
way.
The
planetary
nebula
is
kind
of
a
gentle
poof
in
a
way
right
things,
just
kind
of
gently
get
blown
out
the
larger
stars.
They
kind
of
have
a
big
kablooey
right.
They
actually
blow
up
in
what
we
call
a
supernova
explosion
and
supernova
explosions
are
very
energetic
events
in
history.
You
know
people
have
seen
them
with
their
naked
eyes.
K
We
have
not
seen
one
recently
nearby,
but
we
will
at
some
point
in
the
future.
There's
a
star
in
the
winter
sky
called
Betelgeuse
that
guy
is
gonna,
go
supernova
at
some
point
in
the
not-too-distant
future,
and
it
else
maybe
it'll
happen
in
my
lifetime
and
I'll
be
able
to
see
that,
and
that
would
be
great
and
beta
and
and
Betelgeuse
and
stars
like
it
when
they
supernova,
they
actually
generate
a
lot
of
the
material
that
you
and
I
are
all
made
of.
K
So
we
could
have
lots
more
discussion
about
that
and,
if
you
like,
I'll,
tell
you
more
about
that
next
Friday,
oh
yeah,
supernova
explosions,
very
energetic,
make
a
lot
of
the
materials
that
planets
and
people
are
made
of
and
they're
just
also
really
beautiful
objects
so
well
visit.
One
of
these
right
now,
which
is
in
Cygnus
and
yeah
Russia
mentioned
it
earlier.
It's
in
the
summer
triangle
and
the.
K
Yaks
I'm,
sorry,
it's
not
literally
into
summer
triangle.
Thank
you
for
the
correction
right.
It's
actually
adjacent
to
it
right,
it's
a
little
bit
outside
and
in
this
particular
case
yeah.
You
know
we
see
the
remnant
of
a
star
that
was
20
times
more
massive
than
than
our
Sun
and
and
yeah.
It's
blown
up
about
10
to
20
thousand
years
ago,
and
in
that
time
it's
made
a
huge
huge
bubble.
K
D
G
G
All
right
so
right
now,
I'm
connected
to
my
telescope
rig
through
Wi-Fi,
and
what
we
can
see
here
is
right.
Before
the
cops
came,
there
was
a
short
section
of
the
sky
where
the
nebula
was
there.
I
was
able
to
take
one
image
on
a
single
frame
image
out
of
the
60
seconds.
You
can
see
actually
how
Stella
G's
the
nebula
right
now,
the
name
which
is
black
and
white,
because
the
CCD
camera
is
monochrome.
G
The
filter
in
the
camera
is
hydrogen-alpha.
So
hydrogen-alpha
is
a
specific
band
of
wave
length
of
light,
which
is
typical
for
the
WMI
ionized
hydrogen
and
the
telescope
cannot
see
any
other
light,
except
at
a
specific
wavelengths,
and
that's
why
actually,
the
telescope
is
able
to
see
capture
this
nebula
image
out
of
the
city
city
sky.
G
So
it
is
black
and
white
if
we
want
to
make
it
colorful
way
to
do
a
live
stack
right
now,
because
it's
cloudy
is
not
possible
to
be
done,
but
to
make
it
colorful,
we
need
the
other
two
other
filters
which
are
oxygen
three
and
sulphur
to
so
when
all
these
three
filters
are
combined
and
we
use
software
to
stack
all
the
frames,
then
we
get
what
actually
Bruce
was
showing
it
in
chemical.
That
was
the
colorful
image.
So
as
Wolfe
question.
Actually
this
is
this.
Nebula
is
a
remnant
from
supernova.
G
Actually
I
want
to
show
you
today
are
real
supernovae
which
actually
exploit
this
week
and
because
gravity
we
have
a
sky.
I
had
to
actually
use
a
robotic
telescope
from
New
Mexico.
This
the
test
cops
are
available
online
and
they
can
be
used
by
any
anybody.
Basically,
it's
the
easiest
way
to
get
an
image
from
a
remote
base
in
were
periscopes
from
your
chair.
You
don't
need
to
go
to
New
Mexico
at
all
right,
but
what
I'm
good
shocked
right
now
on
the
image
is
a
supernova.
G
Light-Years
away
and
this
supernova
came
this
week.
It's
actually
a
big
news
into
the
professional
astronomers
they're
taking
data
right
now.
The
supernova
is
supernova
type
1a,
so
the
supernova
type
1a
is
actually
combination
of
two
stars.
One
is
a
red
giant
star.
It's
a
very
massive
star,
a
hundred
times
heavier
than
the
Sun
and
the
next
star
go
the
components
there
is
actually
a
white
dwarf
star,
which
is
actually
a
star,
which
is
a
few
kilometers
big,
actually,
the
high
density.
G
G
Distinguished
peek,
in
the
flux
of
the
energy
and
by
measuring
that
they
actually
can
measure
the
distance
to
the
galaxy,
so
it's
called
red
shift
and
by
the
red
shift
aDNA
Hubble.
Actually
he
actually
confirm
that
the
universe
is
expanding
right,
so
this
supernova
type
1
are
used
for
that
to
actually
confirm
whether
the
universe
is
expanding
and
how
fast
is
expanding.
And
basically
this
is
like
a
standard
measure
of
whether
laws
of
the
physics
are
still
valid
right,
so
yeah.
So
what
you're?
B
G
So
to
see
the
star
of
this
supernova,
we
need
tresco
flicks
similar
to
one
of
ours,
usually
for
supernovae,
a
big
tree,
a
big
telescope,
with
a
big
aperture,
pretty
much
similar
to
the
one
that
claire
has
because
we
need
resolution
and
astronomers
professional
astronomers.
They
usually
take
not
that
long
exposures
to
see
the
supernovae,
because
if
you
take
very
long
exposure
supernovae,
we
just
washed
out
into
the
the
galaxy.
G
So
they
take
usually
about
hundred
seconds
explosion
time
because
sometimes
supernovae
it
could
be
very
close
to
the
core
of
the
galaxy
and
very
high
exposition
time,
will
just
wax
the
supernova
so
need
an
imaging.
So
it
was
something
similar
to
what
we
have
you
see
it.
It
cannot
be
seen
with
a
guitar.
Fortunately,
I.
I
G
Usually
they
wait.
Sometimes
they
can
have
a
second
peak
and
if
it
a
second
half
a
second
peak,
usually
takes
a
couple
of
more
weeks,
but
right
now
we
just
we
have
to
watch
in
a
measure
right.
We
are.
What
we
know
now
right
now
is
that
we
are
still
into
the
first
peak
of
the
supernova,
which
means
the
supernovae
brightness
is
going
to
increase
more
next
few
days,
and
then
it
will
start
declining
quickly.
What
is
going
to
here
for
second
peak
next
week?
We
don't
know
yet.
G
D
A
G
G
B
D
Soldier
on
here,
okay,
so
the
next
object
we
wanted
to
talk
about
was
a
globular
cluster
and
those
are
objects
that
actually
are
part
of
our
galaxy,
or
at
least
our
companions
to
the
the
Milky
Way
and
they're
tight,
perhaps
primitive
galaxies
small
galaxies
that
orbit
up
and
down
through
the
the
plane
of
of
the
of
our
galaxy
and
they're,
pretty
fascinating
to
look
at
and
I
just
clicked
on
the
wrong
thing.
Let
me
figure
out
how
to
correct
that.
Sorry,.
A
When
we're
talking
about
globular
clusters,
I
mean
these
are
ancient
structures.
A
Glenn
said
you
know
they're,
probably
cores.
The
smaller
galaxy
is
where
the
rest
of
the
galaxy
has
already
been
consumed
by
ours,
but
these
cores
are
left
behind
and
they
are
they're
orbiting.
Our
our
galactic
core
right,
our
galaxy
150
of
those
have
been
found
two
days
and
they're
very
dense
structures,
with
hundreds
of
thousands,
tens
of
thousands,
hundreds
of
thousand
stars
and
we're
gonna
be
looking
at
m92
and
I
know.
A
D
We
showed
you
know
what
in
the
movie
star
wars,
what
a
couple
stars
would
look
like.
Can
you
imagine
if
you
had
hundreds
of
thousands
of
stars
that
were
so
close
that
they
were
visible
during
the
during
the
day?
In
fact,
you
probably
wouldn't
have
any
night
at
all
if
you
were
inside
a
globular
cluster.
D
So
we
have
a
couple
notes
on
on
this:
globular
cluster
is,
is
nearby
one,
that's
a
little
more
famous
m13
and
so
they're
suggesting
here
that
that
the
seasoned
astronomers
will
will
play
jokes
on
the
newbies
and
try
to
get
them
to
find
in
1392
and
they'll,
miss
identify
it
as
m13
or
vice
versa,
or
something
so
anyway.
That's
a
fun
thing
to
do
at
a
star
party,
I,
guess
and
then.
A
D
So
let's
get
oriented
starting
from
Polaris
we're
going
to
go
to
the
constellation
of
Hercules
and
then
we'll
shift
a
little
bit
to
the
left
there
and
get
centered
on
m92
and
we'll
zoom
in,
and
that
is
what
a
globular
cluster
looks
like.
So
imagine
that
you
were
on
a
planet
somewhere
in
the
centre
of
that
thing.
That
would
be
a
pretty
interesting
sky
to
have
and
I
really
love
the
colors
in
this
one
and
again
the
colors
are
have
been
corrected
to
be
the
true
colors
of
the
of
the
stars.
You.
I
D
This
this
is
an
image
that
I
have
taken
of
m92
about
a
month
ago,
and
you
see
the
colors
are
a
little
more
accurate
here
in
the
in
the
slide
version
yeah.
So
we
we
said
that's
a
distance
of
about
26
light
years
again,
these
things
kind
of
orbit
up
and
down
through
the
through
the
galaxies.
So
that's
a
lot
closer
than
other
galaxies
and
let's
go
ahead
and
see
what's
going
on
with
the
with
the
telescope
for
this
one.
So
let
me
hide
this
window.
D
So
you
can
see
in
the
lower
left
here
that
were
clouded
out
at
the
moment.
Again.
But
again,
while
we
were
dealing
with
the
Bruce's
stuff,
I
was
able
to
catch
one
image
again.
So
that's
this
here,
a
monochrome
image
and
then
by
through
the
magic
of
live
stacking,
which
Bruce
did
a
great
job
of
explaining.
D
K
It
I
think
these
are
really
beautiful
objects.
These
are
all
my
favorite
things
to
look
at
through
my
telescope
at
night.
So
you
know
I
hope
you
can
eyes.
You
can
all
come
visit
us
one
of
these
days
when
we're
out
in
the
field-
and
you
can
see
one
of
these
yourselves
so
and
yeah
like,
like
you
guys,
said,
I
think
while
I
had
except
Lee,
dropped
off
the
internet
here
that
yeah
these
are
companions
to
the
Milky
Way
galaxy
right.
K
So
these
globular
clusters
orbit
around
and
through
our
galaxy
and
then
the
final
thing
we'll
visit
tonight
is
other
galaxies
right.
It's
pretty
much.
Everything
we've
talked
about
so
far
has
been
in
our
own
galaxy
or
just
around
it,
but
now
it's
time
to
actually
go
ahead
and
visit.
Another
galaxy
and
the
galaxy
is
on
the
order
of
hundreds
of
billions
of
stars,
our
nearest
neighbors
about
two
1/2
million
light-years
away,
many
other
ones.
K
D
D
E
E
Is
this
is
where
I'm
106
is
actually
I?
Guess
it
has
a
different
name
in
the
NGC
4258
and
I
also
have
a
live
stack
of
em
one
or
six
in
a
similar
way
to
a
large
stack
that
I
did
with
em
27,
although
these
were
done
with
220
second
exposures
and
they're,
only
thirty
nine
of
them.
So
this
should
come
together
pretty
quickly
and
also.
E
K
K
Yeah
it
took
that
long
for
the
light
from
that
galaxy
to
get
here
right.
So
this
is
one
of
the
kind
of
amazing
things
when
you
look
at
this
yourself
through
a
telescope
right
that
that
photon
that
light
particle
that
hits
your
eye
had
been
traveling
for
about
24
million
years
before
it
hits
your
eye.
E
H
D
B
D
A
D
I
B
M
M
M
I
M
Hi
everyone,
my
name
is
Joe,
as
you
can
see,
I'm
outside
with
with
the
red
hem
headlamp
and
with
some
luck
today,
hopefully
we'll
get
to
look
at
some
objects
live
in
real
time.
First
I'll
say:
I
have
a
red
headlamp,
not
because
Reds,
my
favorite
color
it
turns
out
the
color
red
is
actually
less
sensitive
to
the
eyes
and
it
helps
to
protect
your
night
vision
so
allows
you
to
see
well
in
the
dark
and
still
have
a
little
bit
of
lights
and
can
maneuver
around
and
interact
with
your
equipment.
M
So
I'm
going
to
show
you
something
really
cool
today
that
will
bring
the
majesty
of
the
night
sky
back
to
our
light
polluted
suburbs.
You
know
I'm
here
in
San,
Jose
in
the
backyard
and
it's
and
it's
really
quite
bright
because
there's
city
lights,
you
know
street
lights
all
around,
there's
kind
of
like
an
orange
glow
to
the
sky
and,
if
I
kind
of
turn
the
camera
around.
M
M
That
was
kind
of
always
experience
I
always
had,
but
about
13
years
ago
I
was
with
a
group
of
friends
and
we
went
out
to
Yosemite
National
Park
and
on
the
way
back,
I
suggested
to
the
driver,
like
hey
I,
think
we
should
like
stop
by
the
side
of
the
road
and
it
was
like
dark
9:00,
9:30
p.m.
then,
and
we
should
kind
of
take
a
look
at
this.
M
It
takes
a
you
have
to
drive
out
a
couple
of
hours
like
Yosemite
is
a
four-hour
drive,
but
at
today
I
wanted
to
show
you
this
technology
called
night
vision,
intensifier,
which
hopefully
will
bring
a
little
bit
of
that
back
to
to
be
able
to
experience.
It
live
here
in
San
Jose,
so
first
I'm
going
to
flip
the
camera
around
and
for
this
I'm
going
to
turn
on
the
white
light
should
be
a
little
easier
to
see.
M
You
know
some
people
call
it
a
monocular,
but
this
is
actually
a
night
vision,
image
intensifier,
and
what
this
does
is
the
light
that
comes
in
here
on
the
front
end
through
the
lens
gets
amplified
about
sixteen
seventy
thousand
times.
There's
you
know
a
photon
kind
of
like
strikes
something
and
then
it
turns
into
like
sixty
thousand
an
amplification
factor,
and
what
that
allows
you
to
do
is
to
see
a
lot
of
light.
M
That
would
normally
be
to
think
for
the
i2c
there's
actually
a
lot
of
like
when
you're
in
de
completely
what
seems
like
a
completely
dark
closet,
there's
actually
a
lot
of
photons
that
are
actually
hitting
your
eye,
but
you
just
your
eye,
doesn't
perceive
them
because
you
need
a
certain
minimum
amount
of
photons
simultaneously
hitting
your
eye
before
your
brain
registers
it.
So
this
amplifies
those
to
the
point
where
your
brain
is
able
to
register
them
and
then
and
then,
as
you
see,
I've
got
my
phone
connected
here.
M
M
M
M
Around
you
can
see
like
this
is
a
lot
more
stars
than
you
could
ever
see
in
the
suburbs
of
San
Jose.
It's
almost
like
the
kind
of
experience
that
you
get
from
a
dark
sky
like
Yosemite
and
I
can
have
I.
Also
show
you
what
it
looks
like
terrestrially
like
if
I
just
point
at
the
ground
here
you
know
earlier
I
had
my
had
my
phone
out
and
you
know,
I
can
show
you
like
earlier
I
had
my
phone
out
and
you
saw
what
was
kind
of
more
or
less
a
completely
black
surroundings.
M
Just
maybe
a
couple
of
lights
from
the
street,
but
now
like
with
the
intensifier
is
actually
always.
Actually
you
can
see
fairly
well.
This
is
this
is
a
kind
of
a
type
of
technology
that
the
military
used
a
lot
in
their
you
know
out
in
the
in
nighttime
situations,
sometimes
they
use
infrared
to
kind
of
like
hustle
as
a
way
to
see
you
in
the
dark,
but
it
works
really
well
in
astronomy,
really
bringing
the
dark
sky
it's
kind
of
back
to
to
the
suburbs.
Now,
let's
see
there's
anything
here
we
can.
B
M
Yeah
yeah,
that's
Jupiter
and
Saturn,
the
brighter
one
is
Jupiter
and
there-
and
this
is
a
year
known
as
like
the
great
conjunction
and
what
that
means
is
like
every
20
years.
Jupiter
and
Saturn
are,
in
the
same
part
of
the
sky
and
I
think
this
December
they'll
be
like
so
close
that
you
can
see
them
in
the
eyepiece
of
a
telescope.
They'll,
be
you
know,
just
like,
maybe
like
10
jupiter
widths,
apart
from
each
other,
so
that'll
be
a
real,
unique
event.
M
Let
me
see
if
I
can
at
least
have
anything
here
on
the
other
half
of
the
sky.
Oh
yeah,
there's
the
the
Big
Dipper.
Actually,
so,
if
I
can
put
this
down
so
the,
but
if
I
can
you
guys
can
kind
of
see
the
saucepan
of
the
Big
Dipper
kind
of
like
right
here
in
the
middle
like
these
four
stars
here
by
the
saucepan
and
then
the
handle
or
the
Big
Dipper
its?
M
I
M
M
This
probably
doesn't
come
out
that
well
is
a
an
attachment
that
you
can
put
it
on
to
the
front
of
your
night
vision
device
to
magnify
the
sky
3x,
so
I'm
gonna
just
do
that
right
now,
I
should
take
take
a
minute
and
and
I'm
gonna
put
on
a
filter
called
a
hydrogen
Elsa's
lter
and
that
basically
cuts
away
most
of
a
light
pollution
in
the
sky
and
allows
the
frequency
that
most
emission
lynnie
emission
nebula.
You
made
that
too
long
to
pass
through
the
filter.
M
M
But
first
I'll
show
it
at
1x,
so
those
two
bright
nebulae
near
the
top
of
my
screen
are
the
trifid
in
the
lagoon
and
you
can
see
how
big
it
is
because,
like
you
know,
this
is,
for
example,
I
would
add
zoom
out
a
little
bit.
You
know
here's
the
here's
the
backyard
and
then
pointing
up
right
there
in
the
center
of
the
screen.
M
M
M
F
B
M
Well,
they're
they're
quite
expensive,
like
I,
think
the
you
probably
need
at
least
a
thousand
to
be
able
to
get
into
it.
You
know,
depending
on
the
models
and
everything
but
I,
think
like
with
all
the
extra
photography,
the
other
significant
investment
upfront.
But
if
it's
it's
a
you
know,
I
suggest
like
going
to
like
a
star
party
and
if
anyone's
able
to
show
you
one
I
could
I
could
get
people
glance
to
see.
If
this
is
something
that
they
would
be
interested
in.
B
I
A
Of
the
other
interesting
things
that
you
can
also
do
with
with
this
such
equipment
is,
you
can
actually
biggie
this
back
behind
an
eyepiece
on
a
telescope
which
is
which
is
another
way
of
doing
that
original
astronomy,
and
we
can
get
more,
magnified
views
and
get
closer
and
see
a
lot
of
detail.
Would
that
kind
of
setup
as
well
yeah.
M
That's
for
like
most
of
the
objects
that
were
shown
today
like
earlier.
You
can
see
those
with
night
vision
and
you
can.
You
can
even
see
a
little
bit
of
it
like
using
just
like
through
a
big
telescope.
In
the
light
polluted
skies
like
I,
can
identify
most
of
the
galaxies
and
the
globular
clusters
nebulae
like
and
with
with
night
vision.
I
J
J
So
one
question
was
about
stellarium
app
people
want
to
know
if
the,
if
the
app
owners
have
an
opinion
about
whether
the
pro
version
is
worth
the
extra
cost,
if
you
don't
have
a
telescope
drive
to
program
it
whatever,
so
would
you
would
you
go
purchase
a
free
app
or
would
you
actually
shell
out
the
money
to
buy?
The
pro
version
sounds.
D
I
A
For
your
Windows
Linux
and
Mac
desktops
or
laptops
is
free,
but
when
it
comes
to
the
mobile
version,
there
is
a
free
version
and
then
there
is
a
paid
plus
version
and
that
paid
plus
version
is
about
$10
and
that
just
happens
to
have
a
larger
database
than
the
free
version
on
them
on
the
mobile
devices.
Actually.
F
The
Swami
I
have
a
question
for
you
on
that:
the
version
that
is
listed
on
the
app
app
store
or
on
the
Play
Store
they
are.
They
seem
to
be
made
by
some
other
commercial
company,
so
I'm,
not
even
sure
if
it
is
the
same
as
the
Stellarium
software
that
we
use
on
the
desktop
and
laptop.
What
is
it
an
entirely
different
software?
We
just
happens
to
have
the
same
name.
I
A
That's
a
very
good
question:
I
don't
have
an
answer
to
that.
One
I
know
that
there's
a
free
solarium
and
a
page
design
which
is
a
plus,
which
is
a
larger
database
on
the
mobile
side,
but
for
your
laptops
and
desktops
on
both
Windows
Linux.
Well,
actually,
all
three
and
Mac,
then
that
person
happens
to
be
3
&
4.
That.
I
J
I
have
only
used
the
Mac
version,
so
on
my
laptop
years
ago,
before
I
switch
to
sky
Safari,
so
I
didn't
even
know
there
was
a
paid
version
like
Len
said,
but
that's
good
to
know
another
question
about
for
imagers
about
stacking
softwares.
So
is
there
a
good
tutorial?
Emma
is
asking
if
there
is
a
good
tutorial
for
shark
cap
stacking
and
also
the
other
options
being
register
axe
and
auto
stacker.
D
Breadstix
and
auto
stackert
are
used
mostly
for
planetary
or
or
solar
they're,
a
different
type
of
stacking
for,
what's
called
lucky
imaging
and
that's
when
you're
taking
a
whole
bunch
of
really
short
exposures
and
you're,
trying
to
conquer
the
turbulence
in
the
atmosphere
by
you
know
taking
those
really
short
exposures
and
then
this
stacking
software
will
pull
out
the
both
the
full
frames
that
are
the
most
in
focus
and
even
sub
areas
of
a
frame
that
are
more
in
focus.
As
you
know,
the
atmosphere
oils
around.
D
So
those
are
those
like
you,
said
planetary,
solar,
the
moon,
things
that
are
that
are
super
bright.
So
the
sharp
cap
for
for
live
stacking
is,
you
know,
is
a
good
program.
It's
not
going
to
do.
It
can
do
one-shot
color,
but
it
can't
make
color
images
from
the
monochrome
with
with
filters.
There's
a
free
program
called
Astro
toaster
not
to
be
confused
with
astro
tortilla
know.
D
B
D
And
then
you
know
if
you've
got
360
degrees
in
an
in
a
right.
You
know
all
the
way
around
a
circle.
Then
you
have
60
arc
minutes
in
a
degree
and
60
arc
seconds
in
an
arc
minute.
So
it
if
you
I,
won't,
go
through
the
whole
hand,
thing
with
degrees
and
everything.
But
if
you
took
the
size
of
a
golf
ball
and
you
ran
out
about
five
kilometres
or
six
kilometres,
I'm,
probably
getting
it
wrong,
but
anyway,
it's
way
out
there.
That's
what
an
arc!
D
Second,
you
know
looks
like
on
on
the
sky
and
so
we're
trying
to
track
stars
with
our
mounts
and
our
auto
guiding
and
everything
to
be
within.
You
know
one
arc.
Second,
given
that
typical
amateur
scene
is
two
arc
seconds
right,
so
that's
the
Nyquist
sampling
theory,
but
so
I
guess
that's
out
short
short
answer
to
it
to
it.
I.
I
A
B
B
All
right,
it's
a
long
night.
We
went
over
our
allotted
time,
but
folks.
Thank
you
very
much
for
sticking
around
I
believe
we.
We
had
a
lot
of
interesting
objects
and
we
also
added
a
couple
spontaneous
things
that
we
didn't
really
plan
for
earlier,
so
the
supernova
explosion,
for
example.
So
hopefully
you
enjoyed
that.
Thank
you
very
much
for
the
entire
volunteer
panel
for
putting
this
together
and
before
we
close
out
today's
event.
B
I
just
want
to
point
out
that
there
are
other
virtual
events
that
we
are
moving
from
our
regular
events
into
this
virtual
format.
Look
out
for
those
things
and
meet
up
and
SJ
a.net.
We
will
have
our
guest
speakers,
our
imaging
meetings,
solar,
absorbing
that
we
would
do
in
during
the
daytime,
and
then
we
have
the
astronomy,
101
and
introduction
to
astronomy
talks
and
that's
it
for
today.
Thanks
again,
good
night
have
a
great
weekend.
Everyone.
J
Speaking
of
the
speaker
event,
it's
actually
tomorrow.
So
if
you
want
to
join
us
on
Meetup
I
have
the
youtube
link
posted
and
it
will
start
at
8
p.m.
so
hope
you
don't
can
join
us
for
a
speaker
talk.
We
are
talking
about
going
to
Mars
tomorrow,
so
we
have
one
of
our
speakers
that
has
presented
before
for
is
Jay
and
he's
coming
back
to
give
another
great
mass
talk
tomorrow.
Ok.