►
From YouTube: SJAA Astroimaging Workshop - ONLINE 2015 to 2020 Update
Description
Many things have changed in astrophotograpy since I started making videos 4 years ago. For me, that was a time of modified DSLRs, home brew camera cooling, and a software stack specifically for Canon and Nikon DSLRs.
During this event I will first talk about all the changes and things I have learned along the way, talk a little about my current rig(s) and then go on to demonstrate deep space image acquisition with:
Sequence Generator Pro
PHD2
Stellarium
EQMOD
A
A
A
A
Sjaa
members,
where
we
actually
rather
than
me,
give
a
lecture
and
and
demonstrate
things
we'll
have
them
actually
be
hands-on,
either
with
their
equipment
or
with
club
equipment
and
I'll
just
be
there
to
to
help
and
give
tips,
and
there
will
be
other
club
members
there
that
are
doing
their
own
imaging
but
they're,
always
nice
and
willing
to
help
out.
Excuse
me,
and
so
it's
it's
a
it's
a
good
time,
but
that's
a
that's
a
members
only
event
and
we'll
talk
about
membership
in
a
minute.
A
A
So
since
we
can't
do
that,
I'm
I'm
gonna
do
similar.
I'm
going
to
talk
for
about
an
hour
and
then
we'll
if
the
weather
holds
we'll
we'll
do
some
do
some
demonstration
of
live
live
imaging
after
the
after
the
talk
and
for
this
this
month.
What
I
wanted
to
talk
about
was
you
know.
I
started
posting
videos
on
my
youtube
channel
about
a
year
after
I
started
in
the
hobby,
so
I
started
in
2014.
A
So
in
2015
I
started
posting
videos
about
how
to
do
astro
imaging
and
it's
been
a
it's
been
a
while
since
I've
posted
posted
new
ones-
and
I
I
wanted
to
kind
of
cover
things
that
have
changed
in
in
the
interim,
so
tonight's
lecture
is
all
about.
You
know
hey.
If
you
watched
my
videos
from
2015,
what
would
you
be
missing
or
what
would
you
need
to
know
that's
different
or
things
that
I've
learned
in
the
meantime?
So
that's
what
tonight's
lecture
is
about
and
we
can.
A
A
I've
tried
to
put
qr
code,
so
you
should
be
able
to
hold
your
smartphone
up
to
the
screen
there
and
that'll
be
easier
than
scribbling
down
trying
to
write
down
all
the
letters
in
a
in
a
url
or
whatever
so
san
jose
astronomical
association.
We
have
two
main
websites
that
we
use
to
communicate
with
people,
so
our
our
own
website
is
sja.net
and
then
all
of
our
public
events
are
posted
on
meetup
and
you
all
probably
rsvp'd
there.
So
you
know
about
that.
But
anyway
it's
you
know.
A
A
A
A
A
We
have
a
telescope
loaner
program,
so
you
can
find
out
if
you're
really
interested
or
not
and
what
type
of
equipment
interests
you
before
you
go
out
and
and
spend
money,
which
is
always
a
good
thing.
And
then
we
do
school
star
parties
once
a
month
after
our
board
meeting.
We
have
speakers
come
in
from
from
nasa
and
seti
and
other
places
and
give
a
lecture.
A
We
have
an
intro
to
the
night
sky
class.
We
have
a
library
with
books
and
magazines
on
stuff.
We
have
two
astrophotography
programs,
one
is
the
the
imaging
special
interest
group
and
that's
either
a
lecture
specific
on
astrophotography
or
a
group
discussion
and
people
sharing
their
their
astro
images
and
that
type
of
thing,
and
then
I
do
the
the
hands-on
stuff.
As
I
mentioned
earlier
workshops
and
and
the
club
private
field
clinics
out
at
little
uvis
open
space
preserve.
A
That's
another
thing
that
we're
doing
online
now
and
then
we
have
a
telescope
fix-it
sessions
on
that
same
sunday
as
the
solar
observing.
So
if
you've
got
something
wrong
with
your
telescope
or
you
just
need
some
help,
you
can
sign
up
to
get
to
get
help
during
during
that
time
and
then
for
the
club
members.
We
have
club
private
viewing.
You
know
we
have
a
few
dark
sites
that
we
have
permission
to
to
go
in
and
privately
have
club
private
imaging
there.
A
Okay.
So
let's
get
into
tonight's
topic
and
again,
if
you
come
up
with
a
question
or
something
you
can
just
type
it
in
the
youtube,
chat
and
I'll
try
to
keep
an
eye
on
that
and
answer
it
at
the
appropriate
time.
So
tonight's
topic
again,
you
know
you
can
see
here
on
the
upper
right
hand
corner.
This
is
what
my
rig
looked
like
in
the
early
part
of
2015.
A
A
What's
changed
in
in
polar
alignment
auto
guiding
you
know
in
2015
we
were
using
manual,
focusers
and
baton
off
mass
and
we'll
talk
about.
You
know
the
next
steps
in
in
that
in
2015
we
had
dslrs
and
ccds
were
were
out
of
the
budget,
at
least
for
me,
so
we
had
modified
dslrs
for
for
astro
imaging
and
but
now
we
have
dedicated
and
cooled
cmos,
astro
cameras.
So
we'll
talk
about
that.
A
We'll
talk
about
all
the
gear
that
I've
blown
up
along
the
way,
trying
to
use
long,
usb
cables
and
and
some
tips
and
if
you're
gonna
do
that.
You
know
how
to
maybe
avoid
that,
but
there's
both
mechanical
and
electrical
problems
that
that
can
occur.
That
can
damage
gear.
So
I
want
to
make
you
aware
of
that
and
then
imaging
software
image
acquisition
software
we'll
talk
about
planning
software
briefly
mentioned
and
we'll
talk
about.
You
know
what
my
rig
is
here
that
we're
going
to
be
using
tonight
and
then
we'll
do
the
demo.
A
So
it
looks
like
we're
still
good
in
the
early
part
of
the
of
the
evening
here
this
is,
you
know,
there's
lots
of
astronomical
observing
weather
sites.
This
is
one
that
that
I
use
clear
outside
and
besides
their
view
here
we
are
also
checking
for
humidity.
That's
going
to
be.
The
problem
is
if
we
get
fog
rolling
in
here,
but
hopefully
it
won't
happen
until
after
we're
done.
A
A
A
A
In
fact,
if
you
took
a
golf
ball
and
you
held
it
up,
okay,
you
know
how
big
a
golf
ball
is.
If
you
move
that
now,
you
know
5.6
miles
away,
9,
kilometers
away,
that's
how
big
an
arc
second
is
on
the
sky
and
because
the
best
scene
that
you're
going
to
probably
get
is
around
the
order
of
two
arc
seconds.
A
We
want
to
sample
our
stars
at
you
know
one
arc.
Second,
so
nyquist
theorem
sampling,
theorem
right.
So
that's
we're
trying
to
be
like
one
arc.
Second,
accurate,
you
know
with
with
mass
mass
market
mounts
right,
so
that's
the
that's
the
challenge
and
that's
why
the
mount
really
makes
the
the
difference.
That's
why
you
need
arc
second
accuracy,
so
you
should
plan
on
spending.
You
know
70
75
of
your
budget
on
the
mount
and
that'll
keep
you
from
buying
multiple
mounts.
You
know
you
might
like.
A
I
did
like
a
lot
of
people.
Do
you
know
you
don't
know
what
you're
doing
you
get
a
catalog
or
something?
I
literally
got
a
a
catalog
of
of
of
things,
a
paper
catalog
and
picked
a
a
telescope
and
a
and
it
came
with
a
mount
and,
of
course
that
lasted
you
know
about
three
weeks
or
something,
and
then
I
realized
I
needed
a
better
mount.
So
we
want
to
avoid
that.
A
So
you
know
there's
lots
of
brands
of
mounts.
We
happen
to
be
near
where
orion
is
in
in
watsonville
california,
and
they
have
we're
fortunate
to
have
a
store.
A
lot
of
places
don't
have
telescope
stores.
We
have
one
orion
store
in
cupertino,
so
the
minimum
amount
that
that
I
would
recommend
for
astrophotography
is
the
orion
atlas
pro
now.
A
You
know
you
can
do
the
research
if
you
want
to
iopteron
or
whatever
and
get
the
equivalent
amount,
but
you
know
some
of
the
thinking
behind
this
one
is
you
know
it's
belt
drive
it's.
You
know
the
least
expensive
mount.
I
think
with
that
comes
with
belt
drive
versus
trying
to
upgrade
ones
with
gears,
and
it's
pretty
heavy
duty,
and
it
can
be.
A
A
Okay,
one
thing
I
I've
learned
in
all
the
different
mounts
that
I've
played
with
is
some
of
them
come
with
a
leg
pointing
outward
to
the
north
and
some
of
them
put
that
leg
pointing
backwards
to
the
south,
and
it
actually
makes
a
difference
and
for
me,
I'm
not
sure
why
they
have
it
to
the
south.
I
think
maybe
it's
they
think,
there's
better
clearance
if
you
have
a
really
long,
refractor
or
something.
A
But
what
what
can
happen
is
if
you
have
a
leg
on
the
south
side,
when
you're
setting
the
mount
up,
you
need
to
put
the
counterweights
on
before
you
put
the
the
the
scope
on,
and,
I
may
say,
ota
when
I'm
referring
to
a
telescope.
It
means
optical
optical
tube
assembly.
I
believe,
when
you
put
your
you
want
to
put
the
weights
on
first,
because
if
you,
if
you
put
your
scope
on
without
the
counterweights
and
your
clutches,
aren't
tight,
the
whole
thing
can
flip
over.
A
So
that's
bad,
so
you
got
to
put
the
counterweights
on
first,
but
if
you've
got
no
leg
out
in
front,
you've
got
these
counterweights
hanging
out
over
nothing
before
you
put
the
scope
on
it's,
it's
unbalanced
right
and
could
could
tip
over.
So
that's
why
I
like
to
have
a
leg
to
the
on
the
north
side
and
all
the
mounts
that
I've
seen
anyway
consumer
level
mounts
anyway,
you
can
move
this
bolt.
A
A
Another
thing
I've
learned
that
that's
kind
of
interesting,
a
little
bit
of
math,
so
you
know
where,
if,
if
you've
got
multiple
counterweights
or
you've
got
counterweights
of
different
sizes,
you
know
how
do
you?
How
do
you
put
them
on
there
to
balance
things?
So
you
know
I
just
without
any
deep
thought.
I
used
to
think
that.
Well,
it's
better
to
have
a
counterweight.
A
You
know
farther
farther
out
and
that
way
you
can
use
a
smaller
counter.
Weight
and
you'd
have
less
total
weight
on
the
on
the
right,
ascension
bearings
of
the
mount
and
that
sort
of
makes
sense,
but
it
turns
out
to
be
totally
wrong
because
there's
this
thing
called
angular
momentum
and
angular
momentum
goes
with
the
square
of
the
distance,
not
just
the
linear
distance.
So
that's
why
that's
a
misconception.
So
this
comes
from
plane,
wave
or
astrophysics.
Sorry
astrophysics
puts
this
out
and
they're
telling
you
you
know
what
you
want
to
do
is.
A
Is
you
want
to
have
all
your
weight
up
close
to
the
scope,
and
then
you
have
a
smaller
counterweight
that
you
can
slide
back
and
forth
to
to
kind
of
balance
things
out,
and
I
I
actually
you
know
they
explained
the
math
here,
but
I
actually
did
it
on
a
on
a
spreadsheet
and
and
tried
a
few
different
things
and
it's
it's
right.
It's
always
less
total
momentum
that
your
mount
has
to
overcome.
A
If
you
keep
your
counterweights
up
close
to
the
to
the
mount,
even
even
if
you
have
more
of
them
because
they're
closer
to
the
mount,
it's
it's
better,
you
get
better
tracking,
better,
auto
guiding
with
that
situation.
So
that's
that's
an
interesting
thing
and
then
you
know,
sometimes
you
see
pictures
of
of
people
setups
or
or
you
see
at
remote
observatories
or
something
setups
and
you'll,
see
that
some
people
have
them
counterweights
all
down
at
the
end,
and
some
people
have
them
up
by
the
mount.
A
A
Some
mounts
offer
periodic
error
correction
and
in
this
case
the
mountain
driver
that
we
use
with
those
aria
orion,
sinta,
skywatcher
mounts
is,
is
eq
mod,
it's
free
software
and
it
also
supports
the
recording
and
playing
back
of
periodic
error
correction.
So
this
helps
figure
out.
You
know
some
of
the
the
inaccuracies
in
your
mount
due
to
due
to
gears
or
grease,
or
you
know
whatever
it
is,
and
you
can,
while
you're
auto
guiding.
A
So
I'm
not
going
to
go
into
the
into
the
gory
details
here
but
yeah.
Basically,
you
just
auto
guide
on
on
a
star
and
you
record
five
to
seven
cycles
of
your
worm
gear
and
and
this
dialogue
here
will
help
you
set
that
up
and
then
it'll.
Just
you
save
that
file
and
it'll
just
play
it
back
and
in
eq
mod
right
down
here
when
it
tells
you
what
tracking
rate
it's
at
it'll
say:
sidereal
plus
peck,
instead
of
just
sidereal,
when
you've
got
the
the
periodic
error
correction
going
there.
A
A
You
can
store
it
in
the
the
mount
itself
without
without
the
handset,
and
we
tend
to
try
to
avoid
using
the
the
handset
when
we're
when
we're
astro
imaging
it's
just
one
more
piece
of
gear
that
we
don't
need
to
to
have
involved
and
in
the
newer
versions
of
eq
mod
there's.
There
is
a
way
to
to
enable
storing
it
in
the
mount
itself.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
And
unfortunately,
you
might
have
even
started
with
this
cable
that
they
give
you
to
go
from
the
camera
to
the
to
the
mount,
which
is
not
what
you
want
to
do.
You
want
to
use
azcom
pulse,
guiding
which
uses
the
the
usb
and
the
advantage
of
that
is
that
that
way,
the
mount
or
I'm
sorry
that
way.
Phd2
knows
where
in
the
sky
the
mount
is
pointing
and
it
can
be
more
effective
at
doing
its
job,
because
it's
integrated
with
with
ascom
versus
using
this.
A
You
know,
there's
a
a
60
millimeter
diameter,
200
millimeter
focal
length
from
orion.
That's
that's
popular
and
again
that
that
would
work
with
sharpcat
for
polar
alignment
and
then
a
really
popular
guide.
Scope
is
orion
short
tube
80,
which
they
stopped
making
for
a
while.
Now
they
have
it
back,
I
think,
and
iopteron
and
other
people
have
a
similar.
You
know,
I
think
it's
480
millimeter
focal
length
from
memory
and
80
millimeter
diameter
and
too
too
long
a
focal
length
to
do
the
polar
alignment.
A
A
Excuse
me,
another
thing
is
that
oftentimes
you'll
see
guide
scopes
with
these
three
adjustment
screws
on
the
scope
rings
and
that
kind
of
seems
like
a
good
idea.
Maybe
to
get
your
scope
lined
up
with
your
your
main
scope,
which
is
actually
not
that
important
if
you're,
if
you're
imaging,
but
what
it
can
cause
is
a
differential
flexure.
You
know
it's
not
a
it's,
not
a
super
strong
mechanical
arrangement.
A
If
one
of
those
screws
is
not
tight,
so
if
you
can,
you
want
to
get
scope
rings
that
fit
exactly
your
guide,
scope
and
not
use
those
adjustable
ones.
So,
that'll
help-
and
I
mentioned
you-
know
better
guide,
camera
orion,
starshoot,
auto
guider,
pro
qhy5l2.
Those
are
actually
the
same
camera
just
different
firmware.
Then
cwo.
A
A
I
talk
about
it
down
here
in
the
off
axis,
depending
on
the
size
of
your
prism,
because
it
doesn't
make
sense
to
get
a
camera
sensor,
that's
bigger
than
your
your
prism
in
your
this
little
guy
here
in
your
off
axis
guide
or
if
you're
going
to
go
off
axis
yeah.
So
that's
that's
the
next
another
step
or
another
approach
to
guiding
is
to
use
an
off-axis
guide
or
rather
than
a
separate
guide
scope.
And
then
you
don't
have
to
worry
about
differential
flexure
at
all,
but
there
are
some
challenges.
A
You
know
you
have
to
arrange
this
thing
so
that
your
your
guide
camera
up
here
and
your
imaging
camera
off
the
back
you
know,
come
to
focus
at
the
same
point
because
they're,
both
sitting
after
the
after
focusing
so
they
have
to
be
par
focal
and
then
another
thing
you
need
to
be
aware
of
now.
If
you
go
and
rotate
your
camera
to
get
a
different
orientation,
you
know
with
with
a
separate
guide
scope
it.
A
It
doesn't
matter
if
you
rotate
your
imaging
camera,
because
it
doesn't
affect
your
guiding
because
you're
guiding
with
a
different
telescope
and
camera
in.
In
this
case,
if
you
rotate
your
your
imaging
camera,
if
you
know,
and
that
may
cause
you
to
rotate
your
off
axis
guide
or
in
which
case
you've
changed
the
orientation
of
the
guide,
camera
against
the
sky,
and
you
have
to
re
calibrate
your
phd2.
A
A
A
There
is
this
other
breed
of
of
off
axis
or
they
call
it
on
axis
guiding
which
is
kind
of
a
whole
topic
in
itself
and
that
works.
You
can
see,
there's
a
mirror
in
here,
but
it's
a
what's
called
a
cold
mirror
because
the
colder
light,
the
visible
light,
bounces
off
the
mirror
and
comes
out
this
top
piece.
A
A
You
can
guide
lower
to
the
horizon
and
and
less
turbulence
and
stuff
with
infrared
and
also
there's
a
optical
aberration.
That
happens
because
your
your
infrared
light
is
coming
through
this
mirror
at
a
45
degree
angle,
it
has
astigmatism,
but
it
turns
out
if
you,
if
you
know
what
you're
doing
then
you
can
use
that
astigmatism
to
figure
out
if
you're,
in
focus
or
not
in
which
way
you're
out
of
focus.
A
But
this
is
not
the
type
of
thing
that
you
just
you
know:
wake
up
on
a
sunday
or
a
cloudy
night
or
whatever
and
and
pull
the
trigger.
You
know
this
takes
a
lot
of
planning,
there's
a
lot
of,
especially
if
you're
going
to
use
a
focal
reducer,
and
that's
why
I
say
this
is
a
whole
lecture
in
in
itself.
So
don't
don't?
A
A
Okay,
then
so
focusing
so
you
know.
If
we
go
back
to
that
2015
rig
it
was.
It
was
totally
manual,
focusing
probably
looked
something
like
this
here
without
the
without
the
motor,
and
so
you,
you
know
at
the
beginning
of
the
night,
you'd
go
to
a
bright
star
and
put
a
bat
and
off
mask
on
and
manually
focus,
and
then
you
know
maybe
every
few
hours
or
something
you
know.
If
there's
temperature
change
or
whatever
you
would
reach
recheck
your
your
focus.
A
But
that
means
that
you
know
once
you
once
you
go
to
bed,
you
can't
leave
the
thing
running
and,
and
you
know
if
the
temperature
is
going
to
change
or
its
filters
are
going
to
change
and
and
the
focus
needs
to
change
you're
not
going
to
be
there
to
do
it.
So
that
means
you
need
to
stay
up
or
you
know
not
not
change
the
focus.
A
Of
course,
you
can
also
build
that
part
yourself
as
well.
You
could
use
an
arduino
and
then
there's
some
code
out
on
the
on
the
net
to
make
a
ascom
driver
for
that
and
I've
said
ascom
a
whole
bunch
of
times,
but
I
might
not
have
explained
what
what
ascom
is
just
a
software
standard
was
only
for
windows
and
now
it's
starting
to
to
branch
out
a
little
bit
using
remote.
A
So
that's
that's
what
that
ascom
thing
is
all
about.
There's
another
standard
called
indy,
which
is
getting
real
popular,
which
is
free
and
open
source
and
that's
also
cross
platform.
So
so
that's
what
that's
what
the
ascom
was.
Let's
see
you
can
also.
So
you
know
a
lot
of
us
made
some
kind
of
auto
focuser
for
camera
lenses
with
a
a
belt
or
some
other
friction
device.
A
That
would
turn
the
body
of
the
lens
with
the
with
the
motor,
but
now
there's
a
company
that
makes
a
device
that
sits
between
your
camera
and
a
camera
lens,
and
it
will
use
the
the
motor
in
the
lens.
Just
like
you,
auto
focus
with
your
lens
on
a
dslr.
Now
you
can
autofocus
with
that
lens
on
an
astro
camera,
so
that
that's
nice
and
they
have
them
for
canon
and
nikon
lenses
or
lens
mounts
all
right.
A
A
Here,
okay
in
the
in
the
meantime,
I
found
that
there's
a
laser
etched
baton
off
mask
that
really
works
well,
and
because
none
of
those
other
solutions
that
I
was
describing
worked
well
for
camera
lenses,
because
the
plastic
was
just
too
too
thick
for
the
the
lines
on
the
baton
off
mask
were
just
too
thick
to
be
effective
and
you
really
needed
a
really
fine
grained
for
the
smaller
diameters
of
a
camera
lens.
So
anyway,
this
sharp
star,
lonely
spec,
is
the
is
the
way
to
go
there.
A
A
All
right,
so
here's
I
promise
there'd
be
qr
codes
for
that
slide.
So
again,
here's
the
the
lonely
spec
url
with
the
qqr
code
and
rigelsis
and
the
focus
stream
pro
you
can
google
for
the.
If
you
want
to
build
arduino,
you
can
google
for
that,
and
here's
the
astro
mechanics
is
the
people
that
make
the
camera
lens
focuser
and
then
moonlight
you
know
is
one
popular
focuser
company.
If
you
want
to
buy
everything,
a
professional
grade
focuser
with
the
motor
and
all.
A
A
A
These
days
there
are
quite
a
few
to
choose
from
and
at
some
point
they're
all
gonna
do
what's
called
a
v
curve,
it's
a
way
to
to
autofocus
so
what's
happening
here.
Is
it's
gonna?
You
know,
move
your
focuser
out
to
a
certain
point
and
then
take
a
picture
and
figure
out
how
big
that
star
is
and
then
give
you
a
relative
number.
That
is
the
quality
of
the
focus
and
then
it'll
move
the
focuser
in
a
little
bit
and
it'll.
A
Keep
going,
and
ideally
you'd
want
to
have
this
v
curve
right,
so
you're
you're
out
of
focus
on
the
outside,
and
then
you
move
through
focus
and
back
out
the
other
side,
and
then
they
can
do
some
math
here
and
and
predict
exactly
where
the
center
of
your
your
focus
is.
So
that's
called
a
v
curve
and
I
guess
we
could
get
into
in
a
in
a
deeper
lecture
we
could
get
into.
A
You
know
what,
if
you
don't
have
a
v,
what
if
you
have
a
j
and
what,
if
you
have
jaggies
and
all
that
stuff,
but
this
is
what,
when
things
are
working
good,
this
is
what
it
would.
A
v
good
v
curve
looks
like
so
now
that
you
can,
you
can
auto
focus
right,
so
you
can
you
could
set
it
up.
You
could
do
it.
You
know
every
hour
or
every
half
an
hour.
A
A
A
A
So
that's
really
been
a
game
changer
without
having
to
go
all
the
way
to
the
cost
of
a
of
a
ccd
and
there's
a
longer
story
about
you
know
the
manufacturers
are
are
stopped,
making
ccds,
so
cmos
is
really
the
the
future
anyway.
So
there
there
you
have
it.
I
guess
so.
Let's
see
did
I
already
talk
about
all
this,
so
yeah
cmos,
astro
cameras,
less
expensive
than
ccd
they're
available
in
mono
or
color,
and
the
mono
is
important.
A
Unless
you
literally
took
the
thing
apart
and
scraped
off
this
bayer
matrix,
which
is
the
thing
that's
on
top
of
the
sensors,
are
really
all
monochrome,
but
they
put
a
little
a
matrix
of
red,
green
and
blue
filters
in
front
of
the
pixels
on
the
sensor
and
make
it
into
a
color
sensor.
That
way,
and
I
actually
did
have
a
dslr.
That
was
where
somebody
had
I'd,
be
too
afraid
to
do
it,
but
somebody
had
modified
it
by
scraping
off
this
bare
matrix
to
make
it
make
it
monochrome.
A
Other
people
use
the
the
thermoelectric
coolers
and
you
know
you
have
to
how
do
you
get
the
cold
into
the
camera?
And
how
do
you
keep
it
from
doing
over
when
it's
cold
and
all
that
stuff?
So
it's
a
whole.
It
was
a
whole
process,
but
now
you
can
buy
something
already
ready
to
go.
So
that's
good
and
you
know
they're.
A
And
an
interesting
thing
is,
you
know
some
of
these
are
available
with
with
smaller
sensors
than
a
dslr,
and
it
turns
out
that
that
actually
has
some
advantages
in
terms
of
cost
and
so
like
a
really
popular
camera.
Is
this
asi
1600?
So
it's
a
a
three-quarter
inch
sensor
from
memory
here.
I
hope
I
got
that
right,
so
it's
smaller
than
a
crop
sensor
in
a
dslr.
A
So
what
that
means
is
you
know,
there's
a
couple
things
that
really
drive
cost
of
a
narrow
band
imaging
rig.
So
what
is
the
cost
of
the
filters?
So
if
you've
got
a
an
asi
1600
and
as
skinny
as
their
filter
wheels
are
you
can
you
can
use
inch
and
a
quarter
filters?
So
those
are
much
less
expensive
than
a
two
inch
filter
which
you
would
need
for
a
crop
sensor
or
a
50
millimeter
filter.
You
would
need
for
a
full
frame
sensor.
A
A
They
have
issues
so
you
need.
You
know
correctors
of
various
types
field
flattener,
but
if
you've
got
a
small
sensor,
then
you're,
probably
in
the
sweet
spot
anyway.
So
you
may
not
have
to
worry
about
that
and
then
also
you
know.
If
you
get
a
bigger
sensor,
bigger
image
circle,
then
you
need
a
bigger
focuser
and
things
get
big
and
heavy
and
and
more
expensive.
So
it
really
is
a
cost
advantage.
A
A
Okay,
so
another
topic
I
mentioned
at
the
top,
you
know
I
for
many
years,
was
doing
a
lot
of
stuff
with
long
usb
cables.
I
mean
we're
talking
like
25
feet
or
50
feet,
and
the
idea
was
that
you
know
you
could
set
up
your
rig
out
in
the
yard
and
then
go
in
the
house
and
sit
in
the
armchair
and
and
run
your
rig
from
from
in
the
house.
A
And
while
I
figured
out
ways
to
make
that
work,
you
know
there's
active
cables
and
there's
some
gotchas
and
then
even
with,
if
you've
ironed
out
the
gotchas
there's
some
problems.
So
I
want
to
share
that
pain
with
you,
and
now
we
have
some
options
that
are
less
expensive
than
they
would
have
been
at
the
time.
A
A
So
it
might
be
it
like
a
raspberry,
pi
or
there's.
You
know
raspberry
pi's
that
are
built
into
appliances
or
other
appliance
computers
that
are
that
are
available
and
we'll
talk
about
that
in
a
minute.
So
that's
a
that's
a
better
way
to
go.
You
know
usb
was
never
designed
to
be
outside.
It
was
never
designed
to
have
a
long
runs
on
it
and
it
certainly
wasn't
designed
to
have
you
know
you.
A
So
I've
got
a
slide
here
in
a
minute
that
will
tell
you
you
know
how
to
make
the
best
of
that
situation,
but
you
know
there's.
Basically,
I've
damaged
a
lot
a
lot
of
gear
over
over
the
years,
and
you
know
the
the
least
thing
that
happens.
Is
you
blow
up
your
your
active,
usb
cable,
but,
worse
than
that,
you
blow
up
a
port
on
your
laptop
or
blow
up
a
port
on
your
camera.
A
That's
not
that's
not
good
and
then-
and
I
trust
me-
I've
learned
this
the
hard
way
and
and
not
only
that,
but
then
there's
the
mechanical
risk
right.
So
you've
got
this
50-foot
cable
hanging
off
your
laptop
and
if
you
trip
over
that
thing
you
know
you
could
pull
your
laptop
off
the
table
onto
the
floor.
You
could
break
mechanically
break
your
your
laptop
usb
port
and
again
I've
got
some
tips
around
that,
but
you
know
I
I
had
one
laptop
and
you
know.
A
A
Same
thing
with
you
know,
cameras
on
the
other
end
or
gear
on
the
other
end
can
get
damaged
as
well.
One
thing
that
I
did
a
lot
of
research
on
on
usb
cables
and
extenders
and
different
things
and
there's
some
that
use
ethernet
cable
to
connect.
You
know
a
transmitter
and
a
receiver
of
usb
and
and
ethernet
is
designed
with
little
ball,
not
bonds,
but
little
transformers
that
that
isolate
the
different
pieces
of
equipment
from
from
ground
potentials.
A
But
even
though
these
usb
extenders
everyone
I've
looked
at
even
though
they
use
the
physical
cable
for
ethernet
they're,
not
actually
using
those
transformers,
and
so
they
don't
actually
isolate
the
ground.
You
can
take
an
ohmmeter
and
and
tell
that
they're
connected
to
the
same
same
ground,
so
they
actually
have
the
same
problem
with
grounding
that
the
these
active
cables
have
so
be
aware.
Be
aware
of
that.
A
You
need
to
be
careful
with
how
things
are
are
grounded.
So
basically,
you
want
a
common
ground
for
everything
right
and
so
take
these
power
supplies
and
take
a
volt
meter
and
first
check
to
see.
If
there's
you
know
volts
already
there,
in
which
case
you
probably
want
to
get
a
different
power
supply.
A
If
you're
on
battery
just
just
to
illustrate
this
again,
you
know
learn
this
lesson
the
hard
way
right.
So
I
have
long
usb
cable
out
at
the
mount,
with
the
laptop,
getting
everything
ready.
Everything's
connected
everything's
working
right
go
in
the
house
notice
that
the
laptop
batteries
getting
a
little
low
plug
in
the
laptop
power
supply
and
boom
everything's
stops
working.
A
You
know
because
I've
glitched
the
the
data
line,
if
not
blown
it
up,
and
that's
how
you
learn
that
the
the
hard
way,
if
you
don't
have
common
grounds
on
everything,
it
does
improve
the
data
integrity
and
it
helps
protect
your
your
cables
and
ports
from
damage.
Because
what
what
can
happen
is
you
know
these?
These
cables
are
not
they're
designed
for
data
and
even
though
they
may
have
a
thicker
ground,
cable
they're,
not
designed
to
sink
the
voltage
difference.
The
current
across
two
power
supplies,
so
you
end
up
with
your
usb
cables.
A
A
A
A
A
We
remember
we
talked
about
if
you
trip
on
your
cable
and
pull
your
laptop
off.
There's
a
company
called
tether
tools
and
tethering
is
the
term
for
using
your
camera.
Your
dslr
in
this
case,
connected
to
a
laptop.
Basically
that's
what
tethering
means.
So
this
company
is
called
tether
tools
and
they
make
you
know
extra
special
usb
cables
and
they
also
have
this
line
of
of
products
called
jerk
stoppers.
A
A
A
So
excuse
me
now
we
have
a
lot
more
choices
in
terms
of
computers
that
we
can
put
out
on
the
mount.
They
don't
have
to
be
windows
devices,
necessarily
they
could
be
as
inexpensive
as
a
raspberry
pi
and
they
can
either
be
an
appliance
that
you
don't
have
to
think
about
all
the
software.
Maybe
it's
even
as
simple
as
something
you
drive
with
your
smartphone
and
it
connects
to
the
mountain,
focuser
and
and
whatnot,
but
so
there's
there's
lots
of
choices.
A
All
the
way
from
you
know
a
raspberry
pi
up
to
a
full-on
windows,
computer,
that's
purpose-built,
and
even
designed
to
be.
You
know
at
a
remote
imaging
location
such
that
you
can
power
cycle,
usb
ports
and
power
cycle,
these
different
power,
ports
and
whatnot.
Since
you're
not
physically
there
to
unplug
a
usb
port
and
plug
it
back
in,
they
have
a
way
to
to
do
that
remotely
with
powering
the
usb
ports
on
and
off.
A
I
happen
to
settle
on
this
hp
slice
thing
for
my
mount
here:
nothing
special
astronomical
about
it.
It's
just.
I
wanted
something
that
that
could
have
like
an
i5
or
an
i7
cpu
in
it,
because
I
wasn't
sure
what
all
I
would
want
to
do
on
that
on
that
computer
turns
out.
It's
probably
way
overkill
for
most
things,
but
anyway,
that's
that's
what
I
did
but
there's
you
know
lots
of
different
lots
of
different
choices
out
there.
A
So
yeah
you
just
need
to
think
about
you
know:
does
it
need
to
be
windows
or
or
can
it
be
linux?
Raspberry
pi?
You
know
how
much
cpu
do
you
need
there?
You
know
there's
those
intel
nooks
and
and
sticks
and
other
things,
so
do
those
atom
processors
have
enough
power,
cpu
power
for
what
you
want
to
do,
and
one
thing
so.
A
If
you're
going
to
do
this
and
you've
got
a
computer
that
you're
dependent
on
wi-fi
to
control,
what
happens
if
you
get
some
place
where
they
won't,
let
you
do
wi-fi,
so
that's
just
something
to
you
know
check
with
the
star
party
ahead
of
time:
do
they
allow
wi-fi
or
not,
and
if
not,
then
what
are
you
going
to
do
about
it?
So
the
other
thing
is
wi-fi
wise
or
just
networking
wise
in
general.
I
guess
you
know.
A
Is
there
enough
bandwidth
between
where
you
are
going
to
want
to
control
things
and
the
computer
to
do
what
you
want
to
do
so
I
I've
just
recently
started
using
a
4k
monitor
in
in
the
house
a
50
inch
4k
tv
actually,
and
it's
means
that
I
can
open
up
all
the
different.
You
know
six
pieces
of
software
that
I
need.
A
I
can
have
them
all
open
at
the
same
time
and
see
them
all
at
the
same
time
versus
flipping
through
through
windows
and
and
stuff.
So
that
takes
a
fair
amount
of
bandwidth.
Also,
you
know
at
the
end
of
the
night
or
the
next
day,
transferring
files
and
stuff
takes
a
fair
amount
of
bandwidth.
So
you
think
about
how
much
how
much
bandwidth
you
want
to
use
okay
image
acquisition
software,
let's
see
what
we
have
here
so.
A
You
know
there
I
think
there
was
like
maybe
three
or
four
choices.
I'm
sure,
there's
more,
that
were
there
that
I
wasn't
aware
of,
but
I
was
aware
of
maybe
three
or
four
choices
back
in
in
2015
right.
You
had
backyard
eos
and
backyard
nikon
for
your
dslrs.
That
was
the
go-to
program,
but
it
was
limited
in
terms
of
automation
and
things.
A
You
know.
I
think
I
asked
for
the
the
option
to
stop
your
mouth
from
tracking
at
the
end
of
a
sequence
which
he
added.
So
that
meant
I
could
you
know
image
up
to
the.
I
could
start
it
go
to
bed
and
it
would
image
up
to
the
meridian
and
then
and
then
stop
so
that
was
great
for
for
then.
But
you
know,
I've
moved
on
to
sequence,
generator
pro,
which
will
you
know,
do
an
automatic,
meridian
flip
and
keep
going
and
all
that
stuff.
At
the
time
sequence.
A
Generator
pro
wasn't
good
with
dslrs.
That
has
since
changed.
I'm
told
I
haven't
used
it
with
dslrs,
but
it's
supposed
to
be
good
and,
besides
sequence,
generator
pro
and
there's
so
many
more
now,
there's
nina
and
there's
voyager
and
there's
the
sky
x,
and
so
there's
lots
and
lots
of
choices.
There's
k
stars
which
has
a
bunch
of
names,
k-stars
eco
indie,
are
all
kind
of
the
same
open
source,
all-in-one
planetarium,
imaging
plate.
A
Solving,
focusing
auto
guiding
all-in-one,
runs
on
a
raspberry
pi,
et
cetera
or
windows,
or
other
things,
and
it's
free,
open
source.
I
said
yeah
so
there's
that
besides
the
backyard,
eos
and
nikon
there's
a
astrophotography
tool
which
is
another
sort
of
dslr
focused,
it
can
use
some
of
the
mirrorless
cameras
which,
because
he's
reversed
engineered
some
of
that,
although
they
are
starting
to
there
used
to
be
this
thing
with
mirrorless
cameras
where
they
didn't
offer
a
software
sdk,
they
were
positioning
them
in
the
market.
A
You
know
hey
if
you
want
to
do
stuff
with.
If
you
want
to
tether,
we
talked
about
tethering.
If
you
want
a
tether,
go
buy
a
dslr,
because
these
mirrorless
cameras
are
our
cheap
line
or
midline
right
now,
they're
starting
to
to
allow
some
some
software
with
that.
But
before
that
happened
this
guy,
that
does
the
apt
had
figured
out
how
to
operate
some
of
those
mirrorless
cameras
across
a
usb
cable
yeah.
So
there's
those
and
then
ones
with
lots
of
animation,
automation,
sorry
sequence,
generator
is
a
real
popular
one.
A
It's
not
really
all
the
way
there
yet
in
terms
of
sequences,
because
you
can't
tell
it
you
know,
start
at
10,
32
and
end
this
target
at
you
know
midnight
and
start
another
one,
it's
not
quite
all
there
yet,
but
it's
got
some
potential
and
it's
a
a
lot
cleaner
interface
than
than
sequence
generator
pro
voyager.
I
don't
have
any
experience
with
it's
supposed
to
be
very
good.
It
doesn't
work
with
my
planetarium
of
choice,
which
is
why
I
haven't
checked
it
out.
More
more
deeply.
A
So
if
you
have,
if
you
have
a
full-on
observatory
with
the
dome
and
all
that
stuff,
then
maybe
you
want
to
look
at
look
at
that,
but
sgp
can
do
a
lot
of
that
too.
Let's
see
what
else
have
we
got
here?
We
talked
about
raspberry
pi
windows,
mac,
linux,
there's
free
open
source
and
commercial
yeah.
So
you
just
want
to
think
about
the
level
of
automation
that
you
need.
Do
you
want
something?
That's
all
in
one.
A
A
Then
you're
gonna
want
a
plate
solve,
which
is
that
comes
from
back.
In
the
day,
photography
was
not
film,
but
glass
plates
with
emulsion
glomped
on
there
and
you
put
the
plate
in
the
telescope
and
take
an
image
and
develop
it.
And
then
you
have
this
glass
plate
with
a
negative
image
on
it
and
to
solve
the
plate
was
to
find
out
where,
in
the
sky,
that
plate
was
an
image
of
to
a
high
degree
of
accuracy.
A
You're
going
to
say,
you
know,
go
to
m42
and
it's
going
to
go
there
and
then
you're
going
to
take
a
picture
and
there's
no
m42
in
the
frame,
and
it's
like
right
next
to
it.
But
you
don't
know
that
with
a
visual
scope,
you
know,
you'd
have
a
finder
scope
with
a
wider
field
of
view
and
you
could
go.
Oh
it's
right
there
and
I'll
just
move
it
a
little
bit
with
the
handset
in
the
case
of
a
german
equatorial
mount,
but
we
don't.
We
don't
really
have
that
in
in
photography.
A
A
It
says.
Oh,
your
mount
said
you
were
pointed
at
m42,
but
I
just
figured
out.
You
really
pointed
you
know
three
or
a
hundred
arc
minutes
off
to
the
side.
So
then
it
sends
a
correction
go
to
to
the
mount
and
it
does
that
in
a
loop
until
you're
dead,
on
with
your
imaging
target
in
the
center
of
your
field
of
view.
A
So
that's
what
plate
solving
is
and
when
I
started
when
that
it's
it's,
you
know
fiddly
to
to
get
working,
or
at
least
it
it
was
with
some
of
the
you
know,
older
programs,
man
when
I
got
that
working
that
just
totally
changed
the
hobby.
For
me
I
mean
because
I
was
not
a
visual
observer.
I
don't
know
how
to
star
hop.
I
could
you
know
didn't
know
how
to
find
stuff
in
in
the
sky,
and
when
I
could
just
say
you
know,
hey
go
to
m42
and
then
it
just
boom.
A
It's
there
that
just
was
huge.
So
that's
you
need
plate
solving,
okay
and
then
to
follow
objects.
You
need
the
auto
guider
to
improve
on
your
mount
performance
and
to
focus
on
objects.
You'd
like
to
have
auto,
focusing
and
you'd
like
to
control
your
filters,
and
then,
of
course,
you
need
to
put
all
that
together
into
sequences
of
exposures
and
and
filters.
So
these
are
the
things
that
you
want
to
think
about
in
you
know,
does
the
software
take
care
of
all
of
that,
or
do
you
need
individual
pieces
to
do
those
functions.
A
A
You
can,
you
know,
have
images
of
deep
space
objects
in
there.
You
can
put
your
you
can
go
out
to
your
telescope,
observing
location
and
take
a
picture
with
your
smartphones.
You
know
a
panorama
and
then
put
it
in
the
planetarium
so
and
line
things
up.
So
you
know
when
things
are
going
to
be
behind
the
house
behind
a
tree
whatever
I
find
that
really
valuable
when
I'm
planning
and
also
when
I'm
imaging.
A
I
I
have
orion
hdx
110,
so
I'll
be
using
eq
mod
as
my
mount
driver
free,
it's
closed
source,
but
it's
free
software.
I
will
be
auto
guiding
with
phd2.
That's
free
software
available
on
multiple
platforms.
Now
I'm
using
the
the
on
ag
so
I'll
be
using
some
software
called
focus
lock
to
do
the
focusing
I'll,
be
using
sequence,
generator
pro,
which
does
kind
of
every
everything
else,
and
I
guess
we
could
do
some
live
stacking.
A
A
So
there
was
this
little
piece
of
shim
software
that
some
guy
in
english
in
england
wrote
welsh
dragon
computing
wrote
stellarium
scope,
so
you
had
to
have
that
little
piece
of
software.
Now,
with
the
last
couple
versions
of
solarium,
they
do
have
an
ascom
driver
built
in
so
you
can
forego
the
stellarium
scope.
A
And
you
can
see
here
in
stellarium,
you
can
see
my
observing
location
landscape
in
there.
Okay,
I
guess
there's
one
more
thing
to
talk
about
before
we
get
into
the
demo
planning
resources.
So
one
of
my
videos
in
2015
was
you
know
about
books
and
online
stuff
and
for
for
how
do
you
astral
plan?
So
a
couple
updates
there?
A
I
think
the
best
planning
software
I
have
found
to
date
is
something
called
sky
tools
for
imaging
a
company
called
sky
hound
and
I'm
not
going
to
go
any
deeper
into
it
than
just
you
know
letting
saying
you
could
you
can
check
it
out,
but
you
know
it's
going
to
show
you
so
so
much
stuff.
You
know
what
nights
of
the
year
are
best
for
your
target.
A
A
So
there's
that
and
then
with
that
you
know.
I
also
kind
of
sanity
check
everything
I
look
in
in
astro
bin,
which
talk
about
in
a
minute.
I
look
on
wikipedia,
you
know
what
are
those?
What
are
those
deep
space
objects?
Look
like
what
have
other
people
done
and
then
I
you
know
sanity
check
and
stellarium.
A
A
There
are
many
online
resources,
so
I
didn't
take
the
time
to
to
list
them
here.
Cal
sky
is
one
that
comes
to
mind
worldwide
telescope.
I
think
there's
telescopius
or
something
I
get
email
from
that
suggests
targets
for
my
location.
You
know,
there's
a
there's,
a
everybody
probably
has
their
favorite,
but
there's
there's
lots
of
them.
A
You
know
like
you
could
well
what
have
people
done
so
I've
seen
a
million
m42s?
Has
anybody
done
one?
That's
really
different,
oh
look
at
that.
You
know
so
you
could
you
can
search
for
objects,
that's
cool,
and
you
know
you
could
even
search
for
you
know
hey
my
fov.
Is
this
big
show
me
the
objects
that
will
fit
in
my
field
of
view
right,
so
you
can
do
that
kind
of
search,
but
you
can
also
search
for
gear
because
people
are
supposed
to
anyway.
A
You
know
when
you
post
there
you're
supposed
to
say
what
gear
you
use.
So
you
could
say:
well,
I'm
thinking
about
buying
a
12
inch,
truss
rc
and
I'm
going
to
think
I'm
going
to
use
an
asi
1600
with
that.
So
what
you
know,
what
can
I
do
with
that?
What
have
people
done
with
that?
So
you
can
search
for
gear
and
then
see
what
people
have
done
with
the
gear
before
you
before
you
buy
it.
So
I
think
that's
pretty
pretty
powerful.
So
astrobin
is
a
great
resource.
A
It's
also
just
a
great
place
to
to
browse
around
and
see
all
the
amazing
stuff.
That's
it's
up
in
the
sky.
So
on
the
right
here
is
my
page
as
it
looks
right
at
the
moment-
and
you
know:
here's
the
one
of
the
search
inputs
over
here.
So
there's
a
yeah
there's
you
can
put
up
to
10
images,
I
think
for
free
and
then
beyond
that
there's
a
there's
a
charge
and
it's
nominal.
It's
all
good.
A
A
A
I
have
moved
this
scope
once
to
a
remote
site
and
I
won't
do
that
again
because
we're
talking
about
you
know
250
pounds
of
mountain
counterweights
and
stuff
just
for
the
just
for
the
mount,
but
so
it's
not
on
up
here.
So
I
call
it
semi
permanent.
So
it's
there
it's
out
there
set
up
all
the
time.
I
have
a
cover
for
it.
It's
right
down
here
on
the
tripod
is
the
the
computer,
and
then
I
sit
in
my
office.
A
Let's
look
at
what
what
I
call
the
instrument
package.
So,
oh,
so
that's
a
that's!
A
12
inch,
truss
rc
and
I
keep
saying
rc
so
rc-
is
the
richie
crichton
optical
design,
two
guys
back
in
the
day
designed
this
particular
optical
setup.
It's
the
same
optical
setup
that
the
hubble
uses
and
pretty
much
every
big
telescope
after
palomar,
you
know
uses
the
an
rc
design
it
may
be
made
up
of
segmented
mirrors
versus
versus
just
a
single
primary.
A
But
it's
still,
you
know
the
shape
of
the
mirrors
and
the
optical
configuration
is
what
makes
it
a
an
rc
okay.
So
I
have
a
you
know:
12-inch
rc.
That
means
it's
got
a
12-inch
primary
mirror
and
it's
a
it's
a
truss
rc,
which
means
that
it's.
If
we
go
back
one
here,
you
can
see
the
the
truss
pieces
of
carbon
fiber
truss
here
and
there's
more
underneath
the
shroud
it
would
normally
without
the
shroud.
A
A
A
Okay
and
then
the
infrared
light
continues
past
the
mirror
to
the
guide
camera
here.
So
that's
how
that
all
works-
and
we
just
have
another
view
of
the
other
side
of
things
here.
So
you
can
see
a
little
better.
There's
the
filter
wheel
and
the
in
the
imaging
camera,
okay,
yeah.
So
the
the
way
the
rotator
works.
A
A
And
then
in
this
picture
you
can
see
the
belt
that
connects
these
two
gears.
And
so
you
know
the
the
gear
on
the
telescope
is
stationary
and
you
turn
the
the
focuser.
I
mean
the
rotator
stepper
motor
and
the
whole
focuser
then
rotates
around
the
telescope
on
this
on
this
belt.
That's
how
that
works?
A
Okay,
yeah!
So
you!
I
also
have
a
refractor
and
I've
arranged
it.
So
I
can
take
that
same
instrument
package,
basically
from
here
back
from
the
12
inch
rc
and
bring
it
all
up
and
put
it
on
the
back
end
with
some
spacers
of
the
refractor.
And
so
I
can
get
a
wild
wider
field
of
view
with
the
same
capabilities,
not
the
rotator.
A
A
A
A
A
A
You
know
it
puts
this
overlay
on
it
and
I've
got
it
pretty
close.
If
you
look
at
these
two
stars
here,
I've
sort
of
got
it
pretty
close
and
you
you'll
see.
When
we
look
at
the
star
trails
here
and
stuff,
you
can
see
that
polaris
is
in
the
right
place,
so
it
does
that,
and
it
also
does
some
fun
stuff.
A
So
here's
look
at
all
those.
So,
first
of
all,
you
know:
here's
there's
some
clouds
and
you
know
there's
some
star
trails
and
you
can
see
that
it's
rotating
around
polaris
here
and
then
you
can
see
all
these
planes
because
I'm
in
the
pattern
for
for
oakland
airport,
so
fortunately
that
generally
doesn't
doesn't
cause
any
any
problems
for
me.
But
the
night
after
that
it
was
cloudy
all
night.
A
So
anyway,
just
a
really
nice
and
it
was
easy
to
set
up
all
sky
cameras
so
that
just
helps
me
understand
you
know
do
I
have
clouds.
Do
I
have
fog
and
I
can
go
back
there's
an
archive
of
of
these
images,
so
I
can
go
back
and
see
what
happened
at
2.
Am
you
know?
Oh
it
was
it
got
foggy
and
then
the
other
thing
is.
I
did
a
home
brew
cloud
sensor,
so
this
cloud
sensors
are
just
infrared,
pointing
at
the
sky,
infrared
sensors.
A
A
The
the
open
sky
should
be
about
minus
10
degrees
and
then,
if
you've
got
a
cloud
it'll
jump
up
in
in
temperature.
Interestingly
enough
fog
doesn't
do
that.
Fog
is
the
same
temperature
as
the
the
open
sky
and
detecting
fog
is
a
whole
nother
thing
involving
lasers
and
backscatter
and
and
stuff.
So
that's
a
that's
a
project
yet
to
be
taken
on,
but
between
this
and
the
in
the
all
sky
camera
then
we're
gonna
know.
A
A
A
A
Okay,
so
let's
get
serious
about
doing
some
some
imaging
here.
So
this
is
the
planetarium
program
and
we've
used
it
to
to
move
the
scope
to
to
a
target.
Although
our
imaging
software
could
have
done
that
as
well,
but
we're
just
going
to
kind
of
do
some
things
a
little
manually
here
to
start
us
out
with.
A
So,
as
I
mentioned,
the
planetarium
program
now
has
its
own
ascon
driver.
So
when
you
start
stellarium,
it's
going
to
start
our
mount
driver,
that's
what
that
looks
like,
and
I've
unparked
it
and
then
the
next
piece
of
software
that
we're
going
to
use
is
phd2,
which
is
the
free,
auto
guiding
software.
A
And
phd
two
stands
for
push
here
dummy
because
all
you're
supposed
to
need
to
do
is
click
these
buttons
in
a
row
down
here,
it's
a
little
more
complicated
than
that,
but
that's
the
idea.
So
you
start
here
and
you
connect
your
equipment.
So
all
these
equipment
choosers
here
I'll
just
disconnect
what
I
wanna.
I
can
disconnect
the
rotator
here
for
a
minute,
so
these
equipment
choosers
as
com
equipment
users
work
the
same
in
all
the
software
right.
So
you
have
a
choice
of
different
things.
To
pick
from,
you
know.
A
A
A
A
And
so
this
image
right
here
is
the
same
image
that
we
saw
of
the
star
selected
star
in
phd2,
and
what
it's
going
to
do
now
you
can
see
here.
This
is
the
focuser
in
sgp
and
we'll
go
through
all
the
sgp
stuff.
But
you
can
see
here.
The
position
of
the
focuser
is
changing,
so
we're
already.
You
know
we're
using
that
real
time
focus
control
to
get
us
get
us
in
focus
while
we're,
while
we're
guiding
here
so
we'll
just
let
that
run
until
it
till
it
turns
green.
A
A
A
A
You
know
there's
a
tab
in
the
control
panel
for
each
of
those
things
with
a
ton
of
settings.
For
you
know,
how
are
you
going
to
do
your
auto
when
you're
going
to
do
your
autofocus?
When
are
you
going
to
do
your
auto
focus?
What
are
all
the?
What
are
all
the
settings?
You
know
and
there
may
be
even
you
know,
layers
of
menus
for
some
of
these
things.
A
A
It's
also
where
you
connect
your
gear,
which
is
a
little
strange,
but
this
is
where
they
they
put
it.
So
again,
this
is
just
like
if
we
want
to
do
that,
rotator
thing
again
right.
So
if
I
disconnect
the
rotator,
then
I
can
select
you
know
which
rotator
that
I
have
drivers
for.
Do
I
want
to
use.
I
want
to
use
that
one.
A
I
could
click
this
to
bring
up
that
control
panel
for
that
driver
or
the
settings.
I
should
say
for
that
driver
and
then,
when
I
want
to
connect
to
it,
I
can
just
connect.
So
that's
how
that
works.
So
we
have
the
the
main
group
here.
Is
your
your
camera,
your
filter,
wheel,
your
focuser,
your
mount
driver
and
then
these
ones
that
are
hidden
here
flat
box
rotator.
If
you
had
a
dome,
if
you
had
a
safety
device,
if
you
had
weather
sensors
that
other
stuff
is
down
here,
okay,.
A
A
A
Okay,
we
still
haven't
crossed
the
meridian,
but
we're
gonna
cross
it
pretty
soon,
so
we
should
probably
jump
on
this
before
it
gets
too
far
past
there.
So,
let's
look
at
what
I
had
set
up
here
for
m92.
I
was
doing
this
for
for
one
of
the
armchair
star
parties,
so
I
was
just
taking
short
60
second
exposures
in
red,
green
and
blue.
I
would
normally
do
a
two
minute
or
or
maybe
even
five
minute,
exposures
with
red,
green
and
blue
filters.
A
If
I
wanted,
you
know
rgb
stars
or
I
was
taking
a
galaxy
or
something
but
for
purposes
of
live
stacking.
I
was
just
taking
shorter
exposures
and
because
the
exposures
were
short,
I
asked
for
just
a
whole
bunch
of
them,
so
it
basically
just
goes
forever
and
then
we
have
rotate
through
the
events,
so
rather
than
finish
a
row
and
then
go
to
the
next
one,
it'll
it'll
rotate
through
the
filters.
A
A
Okay,
so
it's
checking
the
auto
guider
status.
It's
going
to
stop
guiding,
see
here.
It's
it's
stopped,
guiding,
there's
no
longer
a
green
cross.
There,
then
it's
going
to
slew
to
the
target
which
we
were
already
there,
but
it's
got
to
check
okay
and
then
it's
going
to
capture
a
frame
and
plate
solve
it.
A
And
I
just
started
using
a
new
plate,
solver
new
to
me,
plate
solver
anyway,
and
I'm
gonna
forget
the
the
acronym
it's
like
eight
atsp,
or
something
like
that.
Instead
of
plate
solve
two
and
you
saw
it,
it
just
happened
in
the
blink
of
an
eye
there.
It's
so
fast
plate
solve
two
was
the
previous
best
in
class
and
there's
a
that.
One
has
like
a
10
second
delay
built
in.
So
even
if
it
solves
almost
instantaneously,
you
still
have
to
wait
at
least
10
seconds
you
can
see
here.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Now,
it's
taking
the
green
exposure,
so
this
down
here
tells
us
we're
10
minutes
away
from
a
meridian
flip.
Okay,
so
that'll
happen
on
its
own
meridian.
Flip
is
a
complicated
sequence
of
stuff
that
has
to
happen.
If
you
think
about
it
and
this
software,
does
it
all
for
you,
so
it
could
happen
while
you
were
sleeping
and
could
happen
multiple
times
as
you
jump
between
targets
and
all
that,
while
you're
not
at
your
scope,
so
just
off
the
top
of
my
head,
you
know
it
has
to
stop
the
auto
guider.
A
Well,
first,
it
has
to
stop
imaging.
Then
it's
going
to
stop
the
auto
guider
tell
the
mount
to
slew
to
the
target,
and
since
the
mount
knows
that
the
target
is
now
past,
the
meridian
it's
going
to
go
back
around
through
polaris
and
come
back
at
the
target
from
the
other
side
of
the
pier,
which
is
the
meridian
flip.
Essentially,
then,
you
know
again:
you've
done
a
go-to
on
a
mount.
That's
not
100
percent
perfectly
polar
aligned
and
level
and
super
accurate,
so
you
need
to
plate
solve
again.
A
A
Okay,
so
that'll
happen
as
we
talk
here
and
now.
Oh
actually,
it's
only
a
minute
and
25
seconds
away.
So
maybe
we'll
just
or
oh
that's
I'm
sorry.
It's
looking
at
the
wrong
timer,
still
eight
minutes
away
all
right
now
we're
doing
a
blue
filter.
So
while
that's
waiting
for
the
meridian
auto
meridian
flip
to
happen.
A
A
A
You
can
see
there's
a
little
progress
bar
here
and
it's
red,
because
it's
redoing
everything
basically
but
here's
a
list
of
all
the
the
images
that
were
previously
in
that
folder
and
it's
using
in
the
background,
it's
using
deep
sky
stacker
to
stack
all
the
red
images
and
create
a
red
stacked
image
and
all
the
green
images
and
create
a
green
stacked
image
and
all
the
blue
images
where's.
That
down
here
create
a
blue
stacked
image
and
then
there's
a
merge
image.
A
Not
too
shabby
for
60
second
exposures-
and
you
know
I
you
can
do
flat
fields
and
other
things
which
I
didn't
bother
so
there's
some
some
vignetting
and
light
pollution
and
stuff
and
gradients.
What
have
you,
but
anyway,
just
for
the
purposes
of
the
online
armchair
star
party.
This
was
the
quickest
way
to
get
a
color
image
right
because
nobody
wants
to
to
look
at
the
you
know.
The
monochrome
image
that
chosen
in
sgp
isn't
very
exciting
and
you
know
people
want
to
see
color.
A
And
I
I
didn't
you
know
I
got
rid
of
my
my
color
cameras,
so
that
was
kind
of
the
only
choice
for
for
me
and
but
and
it's
really
cool
that
it
also
works
for
narrow
band
right,
so
you'd
be
doing
h,
alpha
sulfur
to
oxygen
three
and
then
you
could
assign
in
the
in
the
astra
toaster
program.
You
could
assign
red,
green
and
blue
to
those
filter
colors,
and
then
it
would
give
you
you
know
a
color,
rosette
or
or
m42,
or
what
have
you?
A
A
I
could
have
started
it
from
scratch,
but
basically
you
know
you
get
after
only
three
60-minute
frames
right.
You
could
have
a
color
image
and
it
would
be
a
little
not
not
so
detailed
and
over
time,
as
you
add,
more
images
to
it.
It'll
get
sharper
and
and
sharper
as
it
goes
along.
So
that's
how
live
stacking
works.
A
Okay,
let's
just
take
a
peek
at
see,
our
guiding
looks
pretty
good.
This
is
near
the
meridian
so
that
our
guiding
should
be
really
good
there.
And,
yes,
I
am
zoomed
out
when
I
normally.
I
would
be
like
this,
which
looks
a
little
messier,
but
that's
what
I
care
about
right
when
I'm
really
serious
about
imaging,
I'm
going
to
be
looking
at
things
at
this
scale,
where
you
know
that
this
is
plus
minus
2
arc
seconds.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Fail
over
properly
to
the
blind
plate,
solver
a
blind
plate.
Solver
means
that
you
don't
have
any
hints
about
where
in
the
sky
you
think
you're
pointing
and
the
way
that
sgp
works
is
it
has
you
can
configure
two
different
plate
solvers,
you
know
the
one.
That's
super
fast
that
works
with
hints
and
then,
if
that
fails
for
some
reason,
then
you
can
fail
over
to
a
slower
one.
That's
more
robust
in
terms
of
not
having
to
be.
A
A
Okay,
I
hate.
To,
let's
see,
can
I
turn
off?
No,
I
can't
even
do
this
while
it's
running,
if
I
abort
this,
then
sequence
generator
pro
is
going
to
do
a
whole
bunch
of
stuff
to
try
to
recover
and
it's
going
to
I'm
going
to
be
like
fighting
it.
If
I
get
involved
here,
but
I
guess
that's
kind
of
what
I
need
to
do
at
this
point.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
No,
this
time
it
didn't
it's
still
tracking,
all
right
so
switch
to
this
is
my
soap
bubble.
Pnju1.
It's
recently,
I
think
2018
discovered
object,
even
though
it's
close
to
the
crescent
nebula
and
I've
stopped.
As
of
last
night,
I
stopped
collecting
h
alpha
data,
see
I'm
taking
10
minute
exposures
h
a
s
2
o
3..
A
I've
got
enough
h
alpha
my
rule
of
thumb,
I'm
here
in
a
white
zone
right
light
pollution
in
the
middle
of
a
city.
Light
pollution
is
horrible.
The
way
you
overcome,
that
is
by
taking
lots
and
lots
and
lots
and
lots
and
lots
of
data.
So
what
might
take
you
45
minutes
at
little?
Oovis
takes
10
hours
literally
per
filter
here,
so
I've
got.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
But
that's
one
of
the
issues
is:
there's
still
some
fine
tuning.
That
needs
to
be
done
with
the
phd2
star
selection.
In
the
case
of
an
on
egg,
I
think
is
why
we're
still
having
some
issues
there,
but
most
of
the
time
it
works
fine
on
its
own
waiting
on
camera
temperature,
all
right
so
before
I
forget
we're
going
to
turn
the
recovery
back
on,
because
we've
done
all
the
steps
that
we
need
to
do
so.
It'll
just
start
when
the
camera
cools
off.
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
All
right,
so
I'm
going
to
let
that
run
the
rest
of
the
night.
We
do
expect
to
have
some
clouds
and
fog
coming
in,
but
no
rain.
So
I'm
going
to
let
it
run
and
sequence
generator
will
take
care
of
things
when
it
stops
being
able
to
guide
it'll,
stop
tracking
and
disconnect
things
warm
up
the
camera,
which
is
how
I'll
find
it
then
in
the
morning
when
I
get
up
so
that's
all
good.
A
A
That
weren't
covered
in
the
2015
videos-
and
this
will
this
event
was
recorded
and
it
will
be
at
the
same
url
that
you
use
tonight
will
be
available
on
the
sjaa
channel
youtube
channel
immediately,
and
I
will
also
tomorrow
take
a
copy
of
it
and
put
it
up
on
my
channel
so
either
either
place
you
go.
You
will
get
to
see
this
going.
A
Forward
so
there's
the
qr
codes
for
the
youtube
channels,
mine
and
sjaa's,
and
you
can
find
some
more
information
about
the
imaging
programs
by
me
and
bruce,
whose
picture
you
see
there
bruce
is
at
a
star
party
tonight
in
a
likely
place.
California,
it
was
to
be
the
stellar
view,
star
party,
which
was
cancelled
due
to
covid,
but
people
could
voluntarily
with
social
distancing,
go
and
have
a
un
official
star
party.
So
that's
what
he
chose
to
do
so
he's
up
there
and
he
does
the
imaging
sig
programs-
and
I
do
the
hands-on
imaging.
A
A
A
You
can
see
it
on
the
sja
at
the
same
link
that
you
used
tonight.
If
you
want
to
go
back
and
look
at
it
again
for
reference.
So
thanks
for
attending
and
good
night
and
we'll
look
forward
to
another
program
next
month
or
the
following
month,
I
have
to
look
and
see
where
in
the
quarter
we
are
all
right.
Thank
you
so
much
good
night.