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From YouTube: Mayor's Cup Challenge 2022: Plastics and Sustainability
Description
The Mayor’s Cup Challenge is an event designed to challenge our community to think about a complex social problem from different perspectives. The inaugural event, held on May 14 at the newly expanded Cupertino Library, focused on plastics and what to do about the growing environmental issues associated with them through the lenses of science, policy, and industry.
0:00:00 - Intro
0:00:24 - Opening Remarks by Mayor Darcy Paul
0:11:52 - Industry Panel
0:44:58 - Science and Technology Panel
1:13:39 - Policy Panel
1:45:44 - Artist Presentations
A
A
And
welcome
to
the
inaugural
Cupertino
mayor's
cup
Challenge,
and
the
challenge
is
really
to
think
about
a
multi-faceted,
complex
social
problem
and
thinking
about
it
from
several
perspectives,
and
so
the
perspectives
that
we're
bringing
to
you
on
panels
this
morning
are
going
to
be
having
to
do
with
industry
they're
going
to
have
to
do
with
science
and
then
thinking
about
those
couple
of
topics
we're
going
to
then
shift
over
to
policy,
and
so
the
difficult
problem
that
we're
handling
today
is
sustainability
in
Plastics.
And
so
thank
you
very
much
for
being
here
with
us.
A
This
fine
Saturday
morning
on
May
May,
14
2022
in
our
brand
new
Cupertino
Library
expansion.
Space
I
want
to
thanks
a
few
people
before
we
get
started.
First
of
all,
this
inaugural
mayor's
cup,
Challenge
and
I
hope
that
there
are
more.
But
of
course,
you
know,
there's
no
there's
no
set
requirement
from
my
perspective.
A
The
the
four
of
us
were
actually
at
a
conference
recently
as
well
for
the
league
of
California
cities.
Vice
mayor,
Liang,
Chao
was
set
to
attend,
as
well
as
for
this
set
of
panels
this
morning,
but
she's
a
bit
under
the
weather,
and
so
we
also
thank
her
for
supporting
this
event
as
well.
I'd
like
to
thank
our
mayor's
cup
committee
for
helping
put
this
event
together.
We
have
John
zarelli
from
Recology
one
of
our
committee
members.
A
Recently
he's
okay
with
sharing
that,
but,
in
terms
of
you
know,
thinking
about
masks,
I,
actually,
I,
I,
wear
one
all
the
time,
but
kind
of
or
I
should
say,
I
keep
one
in
my
back
pocket,
literally
all
the
time
and
I
kind
of
keep
it
self-regulated,
but
I
I.
Think
it's
just
really
nice
to
be
able
to
be
in
a
community
that
has
such
a
high
safety
rate.
Cupertino
was
one
of
the
very
first
I
think
the
first
in
fact,
in
Santa
Clara
County
to
have
the
mask
ordinance.
A
A
Jim
I'm
not
going
to
disclose
any
medical
information
for
Jim,
but
I
know
when
Jim
Coffs,
it's
actually
not
a
cold.
So
you
know
these
days
these
types
of
self-regulatory
mechanisms
that
we
have
are
often
I,
think
in
a
democratic
system,
kind
of
a
balance
of
interest
and
push
pulls
and
I
think
similar
to
a
conversation
that
I
had
with
a
developer
at
the
league
of
California
cities.
A
Yesterday
you
know
it's,
it
seems
inefficient
a
lot
of
times,
but
if
you
think
about
where
you'd
rather
be
in
the
world,
personally,
I
wouldn't
rather
be
anywhere
else.
I
know
it's
a
lot
of
work
just
like
what
we're
doing
here
today,
right
we're
trying
to
figure
out
industry
tensions,
we're
trying
to
figure
out
where
the
science
is
at
this
point
or
the
science
can
eventually
take
us
what
we
need
to
do
when
we
transition
over
to
policy.
A
But
it's
it's
a
real
privilege
to
be
able
to
sit
together
with
everyone
and
get
a
sense
of
where
all
the
various
perspectives
are
and
what
we
can
be
doing
to
solve,
even
really
intractable
problems
and
on
the
Same.
By
the
same
token,
actually,
a
lot
of
the
stuff
that
we
do
aspirationally
and
amazingly,
is
along
the
exact
same
mentality.
You
know
the
fact
that
we
have
such
an
inspiration
and
creativity
is
all
part
and
parcel
of
that
kind
of
freedom
of
expression
and
thought.
A
So
it's
really
nice
to
be
able
to
bring
this
forward
and
then.
Finally,
on
the
committee,
we
had
Carrie
young,
so
thank
you,
Carrie
Young
from
the
Cupertino
Library
foundation
for
helping
us
plan
this.
This
event.
We
have
a
number
of
excellent
partners
for
this
event,
starting
with
the
Santa
Clara
County
Library
District,
the
company
Recology
waste
management
company
in
the
Bay
Area,
the
Cupertino
Library
Foundation,
Silicon,
Valley,
clean
energy,
the
youth
environmental
power
initiative,
another
organization
driven
by
our
our
students,
Silicon
Valley,
youth,
climate
action.
A
Cupertino
is
represented
here
as
one
of
our
partners
for
today's
event,
because
it's
precisely
this
type
of
conversation
that
we
would
like
to
have
perhaps
not
on
the
most
controversial
issue
of
the
day,
but
it's
because
of
the
fact
that
you're
looking
at
these
types
of
problems,
you're
looking
at
these
types
of
issues
and
hopefully
picking
something
that
we
can
think
about
calmly
and
stepwise
that
can
be
used
as
a
potential
template
We
Believe
for
approaching
a
lot
of
the
issues
that
we
have.
You
know
we.
A
A
Well,
they
might
be
thinking
about
careers
in
in
science.
They
might
be
thinking
about
careers
in
Industry.
They
might
be
wanting
to
join
me
in
my
Council
cohorts
and
other
members
of
our
employees
and
City
staff
to
work
for
work
for
government
in
the
future
or
in
education,
but
but
I
think
that
if
we
take
this
type
of
conversation
early,
it
gives
us
such
a
great
opportunity
and
a
chance
to
go
forward
and
go
ahead.
And
you
know
Inspire
have
the
conversation
and
really
think
about
these.
A
You
know
these
pretty
tough
issues,
so
the
problem
here
today
is
Plastics,
and
so
where?
Where
does
that
lead
us
I,
I,
I?
Think
of
it,
as
just
personally
kind
of
culminating
recently
of
all
things
in
kind
of
a
home
environment
situation
that
I
was
experiencing.
My
kids
were
asking
me
about
this
one
movie
and
it's
called
The
Princess
Bride,
and
if
you
are
familiar
with
it,
you're
around
my
age,
I'm
46.,
pretty
much.
A
I
have
the
DVD,
and
so
I
I
try
to
pop
it
in
to
our
now
anticated
technology
DVD
player,
but
before
I
did
that
I
I
took
out
the
DVD
box
and
what
I
realized
was
that
over
time
the
plastic
had
flaked
off.
So
I
took
a
picture
of
that
with
that
external
plastic,
and
you
can
actually
see
some
of
the
smaller
flakes
on
one
or
two
of
my
fingers,
and
it
got
me
to
thinking
okay,
so
this
is.
A
A
You
know
not
too
long
ago,
some
years
back,
but
what
we
noticed
immediately
afterwards
was
that
a
lot
of
those
plastic
bags
were
no
longer
in
The
Creeks,
but
there
are
so
many
things
right
and-
and
these
are
actually
very
positive
things
you
know.
If
you
look
around
us,
the
chairs
that
that
we
sit
on
this
lectern
are
our
name
tags
I
mean
medical
Parts.
Just
so
many
things
are
positive
and
are
delivered
by
Plastics
and
so
I
think.
The
question
then
becomes:
how
do
we
deal
with
the
waste
management
stream?
A
The
end
of
life?
You
know
kind
of
issues,
because
what
we
often
hear
right
is
that
for
this
particular
problem,
there's
this
you
know
phenomenon
of
microplastics.
It's
making
its
way
into.
You
know,
notably
our
food
stream,
and
you
know
one
of
the
examples
that
have
been
pretty
I
guess
prevalent
recently
was
provided
by
the
Attorney
General's
office
of
California
and
I
I.
Believe
it
was
that
the
average
person
ingests
a
credit
card
sized
piece
of
plastic
I
thought
it
was
a
week.
A
The
league
of
California
city
is
one
of
the
panels
said
per
year,
but
you
know,
irrespective
of
whether
it's
you
know
the
the
briefer
time
frame
or
the
longer
one.
That's
a
lot
of
plastic
to
be
processing
and
ingesting.
So
you
know
it's
something
that
would
be
really
good.
I
think
we
can
all
agree
to
try
to
figure
out.
How
do
we
deal
with
this
issue?
A
And
so
you
know
again
we're
looking
at
this
from
the
perspective
of
Industry,
a
lot
of
people
think
about
industry,
and
you
know
they
have
one
feeling
or
the
other.
But
the
fact
of
the
matter
is
you
know.
Industry
you
know
is,
is
a
lot
like
plastic,
it's
pretty
ubiquitous.
You
know
it's
a
lot
like
a
few
other
things
and
we
can
have
I
think
a
very
calm
and
Collective
conversation.
A
So,
at
this
point,
I'm
very
pleased
to
introduce
our
sustainability
manager,
Andre,
devort
and
before
Andre
comes
up.
I
just
want
to
share
the
idea
that
by
partaking
in
this
Collective
exercise
together,
you
know
my
hope
is
that
much
like
The
Princess
Bride,
it's
not
just
about
transmitting
our
fantasies
but
transmitting
hope
and
possibility
to
the
Future
years.
Andre,
as
mentioned
previously,
is
going
to
be
moderating
our
first
panel
and
that
panel
will
be
on
industry.
Welcome,
Andre.
B
Thanks
so
much
mayor,
if
I
can
invite
my
panelists
up,
we've
got
some
really
wonderful
folks
here
today,
we'll
start
with
Jeff
Don
Levy
come
on
up
Jeff
and
Jeff
is
the
general
manager
with
Ming's
recycling
based
out
of
the
Central
Valley
and
his
organization
handles
a
huge
amount
of
the
recycling
that
happens
in
Northern
California.
Also,
please
join
us
Bruce
Bruce
olchevsky
is
a
professor
at
Environmental
Studies
faculty
at
San,
Jose
State,
and
has
been
thinking
about
and
teaching
on
these
issues
for
a
very
very
long
time.
B
So
we're
really
pleased
to
have
Bruce
if
you
could
just
come,
join
us
right
here
next
to
Jeff
and
then
also
joining
us
over
Zoom
we
have
Sally
Houghton
Sally
is
executive
director
of
the
Plastics
recycling
Corporation
of
California
and
she'll
have
some
really
great
insights
for
us
from
the
manufacturers
and
other
industry
perspectives.
So
please
give
a
round
of
applause
to
our
Michaelis.
B
So,
as
the
mayor
mentioned,
my
name
is
Andre.
Dervord
I
manage
the
sustainability
division
here
at
the
city
of
Cupertino.
So
we
really
think
about
these
issues
with
a
lot
of
depth
and
we
are
increasingly
getting
questions
and
having
conversations
with
all
of
you
in
the
community
about
this
topic
of
single-use
plastics
and
so
we're
just
going
to
Dive
Right
In
I
want
to
say
thanks
to
Ursula,
for
organizing
and
to
for
bringing
us
in
I.
Think
it's
going
to
be
a
really
great
conversation,
so
you
know
really
just
to
kick
things
off.
B
If
each
one
of
you
could
give
a
you
know,
maybe
about
two
minute
introduction
of
yourself:
where
do
you
sit
in
the
in
the
space
and
then
we'll
dive
into
some
questions
after
that?
So
let's,
let's
start
with
some
real
brief
introductions
and
we'll
start
here
with
Jeff
and
Jeff
I
believe
has
a
slide
that
he
has.
He
wants
to
point
out.
C
Good
morning
my
name
is
Jeff
Don
Levy,
general
manager
of
Ming's
resources
in
Hayward,
part
of
the
means
recycling
family.
We
have
three
facilities
in
California
and
we
act
as
one
of
the
largest
processors
of
material
in
the
state.
We
handle
approximately
35
percent
of
all
the
CRV
items
that
go
through
the
program
today.
C
I've
also
been
on
the
Statewide
commission
for
recycling
markets,
and
our
Focus
has
been
promoting
Buy-Back,
centers
and
recycling
centers,
because
those
facilities
will
generate
the
the
cleanest
and
best
material
for
Reclamation.
We
also
work
with
all
the
major
material
recovery
facilities,
the
curbside
programs,
helping
them
Market
their
material
as
well.
The
one
slide
that
I
have
just
looks
at
where
the
recycling
centers
are
in
California,
with
the
bottle
bill.
C
There's
areas
that
the
bottle
Bill
works,
there's
other
areas
that
have
higher
cost,
such
as
the
Bay
Area
in
Northern
California,
where
there's
very
few
redemption
centers,
so
that's
been.
Our
focus
is
trying
to
get
more
redemption.
Centers
out
there
in
Cupertino,
there's
eight
locations
that
people
can
take
their
CRV
containers
to
they
can
go
to
the
CVS,
the
Sprouts
Market,
the
Walgreens
and
then
there's
an
olin's
reverse
vending
machine,
that's
at
the
Safeway
over
on
Homestead.
C
So
that's
our
big
Focus
you'll
hear
from
Nick
lapis
on
the
the
policy
side,
but
one
of
the
things
that
the
commission
helped
was
with
a
policy
to
remove
the
recycling
symbol
from
a
lot
of
items
in
the
near
future,
and
we'll
talk
more
about
that
so
happy
to
be
here.
Thank
you
for
hosting
this
thanks.
B
D
That's
prcc,
and
their
goal
is-
and
it
remains
to
this
day,
is
to
try
and
set
up
a
an
organization
within
California
that
helps
promote
the
recycling
of
material,
and
we
do
that
in
various
ways.
Now,
why
did
they
form
a
a
group?
Sorry
I
jumped
ahead.
Why
did
they
form
a
group?
Because
there
was
a
financial
implication
to
this
legislation?
There
was
this
fee,
a
processing
fee,
which
is
the
difference
between
the
cost
to
recycle
and
the
scrap
value
and
the
Delta
they
pay
that
Delta
between
that
price.
D
So
it's
a
it
was
a
financial
incentive
for
them
to
be
involved
and
that's
due
to
the
legislation
so
prcc
to
this
day,
we
still
continue
to
work
across
the
entire
value
chain,
with
the
recyclers
all
the
way
through
to
the
converters,
or
we
tend
to
call
them
reclaimers
those
people
that
take
that
material.
In
my
case,
it
is
the
ET
beverage
container.
That's
your
beverage
drink.
When
you
buy
water,
when
you
buy
soda,
we
take
that
that
bottle
and
we
track
it
throughout
the
entire
value
chain.
We
buy
it.
D
We
sell
it
and
we
make
sure
that
there
is
a
healthy
infrastructure
that
there
are
markets.
We
want
to
make
sure
that
there
are
healthy
markets
here
in
California
to
make
sure
that
that
material
is
recycled
so
right
now
it
could
be
better
right
now,
I
think
the
recycling
rate
for
pet
beverage
containers
those
distributed
into
the
state
is
roughly
around
71
percent.
D
It
has
been
in
the
80s
before,
but
you
know
a
lot
of
recycling
centers
close
down
because
of
lack
of
you
know,
funding
and
also
because
of
covid
didn't
help
a
lot,
we're
sort
of
decimated
through
the
whole
covert
thing,
but
at
71
we
continue
to
make
sure
that
material
is
moved
throughout
the
entire
value
chain.
So
that's
what
prcc
does
we.
D
E
F
Thank
you
very
much.
Well,
congratulations
to
all
of
you
to
be
a
community.
That's
interested
in
this
very
serious
problem
that
we
have
that's
not
just
local,
not
just
Statewide,
not
just
National,
but
it's
a
global
issue
and
so
about
myself.
I'm
I'm
on
the
Environmental
Studies
faculty
at
San,
Jose
State
I've
been
there
for
over
30
years
and
I.
Also
so
I
teach
an
introduction
to
environmental
issues.
Course
it's
a
little
bit
of
everything
and
I
teach
a
course
on
globalization
and
the
environment
and
I
teach
a
course.
F
The
only
course
in
the
state
of
California
on
sustainable
materials
management,
so
most
people
would
think
of
it
as
recycling.
But
it
is
sustainable
materials
management
right
because
that's
what
we're
really
trying
to
achieve.
The
other
thing
that
I
do
is
I
I'm,
the
founder
and
the
creator
of
the
of
the
official
Santa
Clara
County
Recycling
hotline
and
website.
F
So
so
I
created
that
and
then
I
it
is
operated
with
faculty,
managed
students,
so
college
students,
University
students
come
in
and
they
take
your
calls
about
household
hazardous
waste
and
and
basically
how
to
get
rid
of
anything
right.
So
so
we
serve
all
of
the
Cities
all
of
the
cities
that
approve
our
budget.
They
vote
on
it,
and
so
we
serve
Santa,
Clara
and
San
Mateo
County
and
then
those
students
after
they
provide
that
public
service,
then
graduate
and
then
move
on
to
working
with
government
and
Industry.
F
F
One
thing
that
struck
me
when
I
looked
at
the
logo
here
of
of
your
city
and
so
between
when
this
city
was
founded,
and
now
the
population
of
the
planet
was
2
billion.
Now
it's
eight
right
now
it's
eight
give
or
take
a
couple
hundred
thousand
right
so
and
and
and
with
globalization.
We've
had
more
money
being
moved
around
the
planet,
partly
to
reduce
poverty,
but
it's
also
ended
up
in
increased
consumption
of
everything.
F
And
then
you
have
like
what
our
state
has
done,
created
laws
to
encourage
Recycling,
and
so
we
claim
that
we
are
that
we
are
diverting
about
50
percent
a
little
bit
more
from
our
waste
stream.
However,
but
when
that
law
was
passed
about
1989
and
now,
we've
doubled
the
amount
of
stuff
that
we
generate
right.
So
generation
is
a
key
problem,
and
so
what's
really
important
is
to
identify
the
problems
so
that
we
can
effectively
address
Solutions.
F
You
have
to
start
at
the
beginning,
and
our
key
problem
is
that
we
have
a
what's
called
a
linear
economy.
Extract
produce,
manufacture,
consume,
discard
right
so
and
what
we
need
to
do
is
mimic
nature.
Plagiarized
nature
is
what
I
say
and
that
that's
closing
the
loop
and
the
only
way
that
the
loop
can
be
closed
is
by
having
those
discarded
materials
made
into
new
materials
right
and
and
so
in
nature.
That's
you
know,
things
die,
they
convert
back
into
abiotic
chemicals
and
that
recycles
so
with
us.
It's
about
creating
markets.
F
B
B
C
Yeah,
if
we
go
back
about
30,
Years,
big
Earth,
Day
celebration,
big
focus
on
recycling
and
everybody's
taught
at
a
young
age
in
the
schools,
recycling
is
what
you
got
to
do
and
a
lot
of
the
manufacturers
started
using
that
as
kind
of
a
marketing
tool.
If
you
look
on
your
plastic
containers
on
the
bottom,
there's
a
number-
and
that
tells
you
the
type
of
plastic
it
is,
but
it's
also
surrounded
by
recycling
arrows
and
it
gives
people
the
the
thought
that
that
is
recyclable,
not
all
Plastics
are
able
to
be
recycled.
C
Today,
there's
very
few.
Your
number
one
plastic
bottles.
Your
number
two
plastic
bottles,
they're
recycled
here
in
California
they're,
turning
into
something
new,
the
others,
the
story's,
not
so
good,
but
the
American
Plastic
council
is
using
that
recycling
symbol
almost
as
a
marketing
employee
and
I
referenced
it
early
earlier.
There
was
a
Senate
Bill
343
that
passed
and
it's
going
to
take
the
recycling
symbol
off
of
a
lot
of
products
unless
it
is
actually
collected
at
curbside,
it's
sorted
at
a
facility
and
then
turned
into
something
new.
C
Only
those
items
will
have
that
recycling
symbol,
because,
whether
it's
recycling
we
won't
go
into
composting
because
that's
another
bigger
issue
that
we're
addressing
there
are
these
simple
things
that
the
manufacturers
are
using
to
help
Market
their
material
to
make.
You
feel
good
about
buying
it.
It's
okay,
to
buy
this
big
plastic
item
because
it
has
a
large
recycling
symbol.
C
All
of
that
is
waste,
but
they
have
a
big
recycling
symbol,
saying
made
from
recyclable
content
or
recyclable
through
certain
programs
that
are
very,
very
small
but
they're
using
that
as
kind
of
a
marketing
tool.
We
need
to
get
away
from
that
get
people
knowledgeable
of
what
actually
turns
into
something
new.
B
That's
really
interesting
and
I
think
that's
just
something:
that's
not
commonly
known.
I
myself,
you
know,
grew
up
with
curbside
recycling
or
at
least
saw
that
when
I
was
young,
moved
from,
you
know,
put
out
Plastics
and
aluminum
and
paper
all
in
its
separate
containers
and
then
now
into
what
we
have
with
more
of
a
moving
towards
single
stream.
So
we're
definitely
seeing
changes
over
a
generational
time
scale.
B
But
you
know
Sally
mentioned
that
with
the
Pet
Market,
at
least
with
some
types
of
plastics
she's,
seeing
a
71
percent
diversion
from
landfill
and
reuse
of
those
materials
Sally.
Can
you
elaborate
on
that
a
little
bit
more?
How
did
we
get
to
what
sounds
like
a
success
story
with
those
types
of
materials
and
other
lessons
for
the
other
types
of
single-use
plastics
in
our
in
our
lives?
So.
D
It
all
goes
back
to
legit
expectation.
It
all
goes
back
to
regulation,
so
ab2020
as
I,
say:
30
30,
sorry,
1987
so
30
years
ago,
with
the
bottle
bill.
So
the
bottle
Bill,
quite
a
new
bill
at
the
time
or
A
New
Concept
at
the
time,
put
the
owners
back
on
manufacturers
and
back
on
Brands
in
terms
of
they
they
were
responsible.
D
It
was
going
to
cost
them
money
if
they
didn't,
regulate
and
and
consider
the
recyclability
of
their
material
and
and
having
it
having
an
infrastructure
to
recycle
this
material.
So
the
bigger
the
recycling
rate
you
know
the
less
the
fee,
they
would
have
to
pay
the
higher
the
value
of
that
scrap
again,
the
less
fee
they
would
have
to
pay,
and
so
hence
prcc.
So
we
try
and
make
sure
and
going
back
to
Jeff's
Point
a
market.
D
So
you
want
to
make
healthy
markets,
and
the
PT
Market
here
in
California
is
is
a
healthy.
Market
can
be
better.
It
can
be
a
lot
better,
but
it's
been
around
for
a
long
time
and
because,
because
of
its
longevity,
we
have
established,
Industries
here
means
being
one
of
them
who
Jeff
works,
for
we
have
you
know
a
system
here
in
infrastructure
here
across
the
whole
value
chain.
D
That's
been
around
for
a
while
when
I
first
started
back,
oh
I,
don't
know
15
years
ago
there
was
really
only
one
reclaimer,
that's
a
converter
person
who
takes
the
bottles
and
converts
them
into
something
else.
Now
we
have
six
here
in
the
state
which
is
really
a
success
story,
because
what
it
means
is
it
keeps
the
material
here
in
California
we
don't
we're,
not
shipping,
it
export,
there's
very
little
for
material,
particularly
PT,
very
little
PT
that
ever
ever
gets
exported.
D
D
It
goes
to
legislation,
and
just
recently
this
year,
actually
California
passed
its
first
mandated
content
law,
which
means
that
every
package
every
bottle,
every
beverage
container
that
is
distributed
in
the
state,
has
to
have
a
percentage
of
recycled
material
in
it
right
now,
it's
15
it's
going
to
go
up
to
25,
then
up
to
50
in
a
few
years.
So
why
is
that
important?
That's
significant,
because
it
builds
that
pull
through
Market.
D
It
means
that
you
know
there's
going
to
be
a
demand
for
that
recycled
material,
regardless
of-
and
this
is
what
what
competitive.
This
is,
what
the
industry
has
always
had
to
struggle
with
the
Virgin
price
and
by
virgin
I
mean
that
the
Virgin
raw
material
has
always
been
a
cheaper
option
or
not
always
been
a
cheaper
option,
but
it's
been
a
much
more
plentiful
option
and
so
distributed.
D
Manufacturers
have
gone
for
the
Virgin,
but
now
because
of
legislation,
doesn't
matter
how
much
a
virgin
costs
they
have
to
meet
those
mandated
goals,
which
means
they
have
to
use
recycled
material.
So
we
have
a
pretty
established
Market
here
in
California,
an
established
industry
and
I
think
that
has
helped,
but
legislation
regulation,
sensible
regulation
has
helped.
What
we
do
need
is
more
material
and
we
need
we
have
the
capacity
here.
We
have
those
six
reclaimers.
D
What
we
need
is
more
collection
and
that
I'm
sure
Jeff
will
talk
to
you
more
about
how
you
know
a
lot
of
the
recycling
centers
here
in
California
have
been
decimated
and
we
need
to
build
those
back
up
again
through
greater
investment
would
be
one
of
those
from
from
Cal,
recycle
and
so
on.
But
I've
talked
enough,
so
I'll.
Let
someone
else
talk.
B
If
you
could
just
elaborate
on
that
a
little
bit
and
then
I
have
a
question
for
Bruce
to
get
more
into
talking
about
other
materials
outside
of
what
we
currently
do
curbside.
But
could
you
just
expand
on
what
Sally
mentioned
about
you
know?
How
can
we
improve
in
this
particular
market
with
the
types
of
plastics
that
are
ubiquitous
and
being
upcycled,
and
how
can
we
make
that
even
even
better.
C
Yeah
one
of
the
keys
to
the
recycling
rate
and
the
Redemption
rate,
turning
it
into
new
material,
has
been
the
deposit
that
people
have
put
on
the
product.
This
has
a
10
cent
deposit,
smaller
bottles
or
a
nickel,
so
that
pays
for
the
operators
at
the
recycling
centers
to
handle
it,
but
it
also
provides
an
incentive
for
the
curbside
programs
to
collect
it
and
extract
it.
C
So
these
pet
bottles,
your
number,
two
bottles,
aluminum
cans,
glass,
bottles,
those
have
a
value
to
them
to
pay
for
the
collection
and
recycling,
whether
it's
through
a
recycling
center
or
a
curbside
collection
program.
The
other
Plastics,
your
three
through
sevens.
They
just
don't
have
that
value
to
pay
for
especially
the
The
Collection
through
curbside
programs
and
it's
created
cross-contamination
which
increases
costs
for
the
curbside
programs.
So
the
the
best
incentive
is
the
deposit
and
then
the
availability
of
recycling
centers
where
residents
and
consumers
can
participate
in
the
process
and
take
them
back.
C
B
F
In
the
name
of
it,
yeah
I'll
just
add
to
that
by
saying
that
it's
recycling
is
often
hard,
because
it's
people
have
problems,
understanding
what
you
can
and
can't
recycle
in
my
own
house
I've
seen
problems
right
and
and
I'm
there's
nobody
who
knows
this
better
than
me,
so
you
can
just
go
to
our
website
and
no
matter
what
city
you
live
in
and
you
can
find
out
what
you
can
recycle
in
your
city.
That's
that's
why
we
exist
recyclesstuff.org
right,
you
have
stuff!
You
want
to
figure
out
how
to
recycle
it.
F
B
Question
yeah,
so
we
have
about
10
more
minutes,
I'd
like
to
to
talk
about
some
other
types
of
materials,
and
you
know
we're
really
just
trying
to
inform
the
next
two
panels
here.
Well,
we'll
be
getting
into
more
depth
about
new
types
of
technology
and
then
what
kind
of
policies
we
can
we
can
explore,
but
Bruce,
you
talked
a
little
bit
earlier
about
this
concept
of
the
circular
economy.
B
I
think
that's
a
really
important
concept
to
elaborate
on
a
little
bit,
but
also
I
was
listening
to
a
podcast
this
morning
and
one
of
the
speakers
talked
about
this.
This
concept
of
path,
dependency
and
kind
of
lock-in,
and
the
example
that
they
gave
was
the
QWERTY
keyboard
the
way
our
keyboards
are
arranged
on
computers,
q,
q,
w
e
r
t
y,
it's
just
a
fluke
of
history
and
yet
we're
still
using
that
convention.
B
F
Oh,
that's
a
good
question.
Well,
yes,
we
will
continue
to
have
and
use
single-use
Plastics.
That's
just
going
to
be
happening,
and
so
why
is
that?
Because
Plastics,
why
do
we
have
Plastics?
Because
they
are
very
cost
efficient?
It
doesn't
cost
much
to
manufacture
it.
It
can
be
formed
into
many
different
things
and
and
interesting
enough
that
it
has
much
less
environmental
impact
than
manufacturing
paper.
F
Candy
bars
and
stuff
like
that
right,
so
Plastics
have
there's
no
doubt
that
they
play
a
really
great
role
environmentally
right.
The
problem
is
end
of
life
right.
What
happens
when
the
bread
bag
is
discarded?
What
happens
when
the
Purity
keyboard
has
to
be
discarded,
because
your
keyboard
is
plastic
right?
Well,
the
industry,
as
Jeff
pointed
out,
came
out
with
this
numbering
system,
mostly
to
try
to
create
an
image
for
themselves.
F
One
two,
three
four:
five:
six,
seven
right:
well,
the
Market's,
pretty
good
for
it's
excellent
for
one,
it's
pretty
good
for
number
two
and
the
rest
of
them
are
not
very
good
and
number
seven
is
a
complete
fallacy,
because
I
mean
it's
just
no
other
way
to
just
to
explain
it.
Seven
means
everything
else
and
there
are
hundreds
of
types
of
plastics.
Yet
still
today
we
have
cities
that
say
that
put
number
seven
in
your
curbside
bin.
This
is
profoundly
wrong.
All
right.
F
They
should
not
be
doing
that,
and
so
it
promotes
a
myth
right.
So
in
terms
of
the
single-use
Plastics,
there
are
other
countries
who
have
done
things
about
this,
so
in
Germany
the
Dual
system
Deutschland,
or
it's
also
known
as
the
Green
Dot
right.
Essentially,
what
Germany
identified
is
that
they
had
a
garbage
problem.
Then
they
looked
at
it
and
they
got
the
number
one:
a
material
or
product
type
we
have
is
packaging.
The
exact
same
situation
we
have
here
packaging
is
the
number
one
product
type
that
is
being
discarded.
F
So
then,
what
Germany
said
is
that
you
know
what
it's
not
going
to
be
our
problem.
It's
going
to
be
the
problem
with
the
manufacturers
they're,
the
ones
that'll
have
to
take
this
stuff
back.
Let
them
figure
it
out,
because
there's
all
this
discussion
discussion
about
what
kind
of
technology
in
this
and
that
they're,
just
like
no,
you
created
the
problem.
You
figure
it
out
and
so
in
California.
I.
Think
that
that's
where
we're
going
to
be
moving
with
single-use
plastics,
there
is
no
other
alternative.
F
Frankly,
and
so
the
idea
is
simply
I'll
make
it
real
simple:
you
make
it
you
take
it
right,
you
make
it
you
take
it
and
then
they
make
the
solutions
they
create
new
industry.
They
end
up
reducing
negative
impacts.
Will
there
still
be
some
plastic
waste
and
litter
yeah
there
will
be,
but
what
we
know
from
a
b
2020
that
created
the
bottle
bill.
Is
that
once
you
put
a
price
on
things,
the
amount
of
that
stuff
being
littered
drastically
reduced
right?
F
So
if
you
put
an
economic
value
on
something
then
it
starts,
then
it
gets
into
the
circular
economy
and
the
circular
economy
simply
mimics
how
nature
works
so
every
resource
everything
that
we
consume
will
eventually
become
either
a
resource
or
a
pollutant.
According
to
Nature,
there
are
no
other
Alternatives
right.
There
is
none
right,
so
it's
a
resource
or
a
pollutant,
and
it's
a
policy
decision
and
the
implementation
of
that
policy.
C
C
This
green
pet
bottle
will
not
become
a
new
bottle
because
of
the
pigment
in
in
the
the
bottle.
It
might
become
a
carpet
backing.
It
might
become
a
carpet
fiber,
but
it
will
not
become
a
new
bottle.
It
would
be
nice
if
manufacturers
in
in
the
United
States
would
switch
to
all
clear
in
Japan
South
Korea,
there's
countries
around
the
world
where
the
manufacturers
have
switched
to
all
clear
because
it
is
more
circular
than
a
pigmented
green
container.
So
it's
starting
to
happen
a
little
bit
slowly.
C
I
would
like
to
see
the
the
manufacturers
take
on
that
responsibility
proactively.
Rather
than
go
the
legislative
route
which
is
more
complex,
then
we
start
talking
about
bands
and
things
like
that,
but
I
think
the
the
manufacturers,
like
you
said,
if
you
make
it
you
take
it.
The
the
prcc
group
has
really
developed
an
infrastructure
here
in
California
that
has
created
that
circular
economy,
especially
for
the
clear
pet
bottles
and
the
number
two
bottles
we'd
like
to
see
that
expand
and
then
have.
D
No
I'm
going
to
agree
with
both
the
gentleman
and
that
you
know
we
are
seeing
manufacturers
more
taking
responsibility.
We've
got
the
Ellen
macalpha
Foundation
we've
got
the
US
plaster
pack,
which
is
a
domestic
equivalent,
which
a
holding
manufacturers
more
accountable
once
those
manufacturers,
the
big
the
big
name,
sign
up
for
it
and
they
are
being
you
know,
I'd
say
looked
at
what
they
are
doing,
how
they're
performing
and
being
held
accountable,
I
think
that's
a
good
thing.
Legislation,
regulation
and
legislation
also
is
is
having
some
impact
on
that
designed
for
recyclability.
D
That's
a
big
thing,
especially
prcc
and
APR,
which
is
a
the
national
recycling
plastic
recycling
organization,
has
done
a
lot
with
design
for
recyclability
to
Jeff's
Point
things
like
green
bottles
or
brown
bottles,
or
things
like
like
that
really
do
are
hard
to
to
recycle.
There
are
markets,
but
they're
low-grade
low
price.
You
know
it
doesn't
have
much
value
on
the
bottle.
We're
seeing
manufacturers
changing
that,
there's
now
I
believe
Sprite
bottles
in
other
parts
of
the
the
worlds
that
are
now
clear.
D
So
again,
we
are
moving
in
the
right
direction
for
certain
Plastics,
my
own,
the
one
that
The
Silo,
that
I
am
pet
I
feel
with
we've
got
a
long
way
to
go
still,
but
we're
moving
in
the
right
direction.
There's
investment,
you
know
we
can
see.
Technology
also
has
expanded
and
is
growing
and
there's
a
lot
of
investment
in
that
too.
But
to
your
point,
there
are
other
Plastics
where
either
the
collection
is
not
there
and
if
you
don't
have
collection,
you're
not
going
to
have
value,
why?
D
F
F
So
all
you,
young
people
out
there,
if
you
don't
want
to
get
in
trouble,
then
change
your
behavior
right.
So
we
all
learned
that
over
time-
and
so
some
industry
is
catching
on
to
that-
you
know
what's
kind
of
nice.
Is
that
I'm
glad
you
brought
up
the
the
the
different
colors
of
the
bottles
because
you
can
go
home
and
you
can
drink
a
beer
out
of
a
dark
bottle
and
feel
good
about
it
because
it
has
recycled
glass
right.
So
do
yourself
a
favor
support,
recycling
by
drinking
beer
or.
A
D
F
Yeah,
so
the
point
I'm
trying
to
make
is
that
there's
a
market
for
that
type
of
material
and
industry
has
responded,
and
so
that
does
take
away
a
little
bit
of
the
pressure
that
they
worry
about
is
being
legislated
right
and
so
for
those
you
know,
those
of
you
that
are
that
are
younger
and
you're
thinking
about
careers
and
where
you're
going
to
go,
you
can
think
about
design
for
the
environment.
How
do
you
design
products
and
packaging
that
is
recyclable
and
made
of
recycled
material
right?
C
And
I
would
just
add,
find
out
what
gets
recycled
in
California,
what
gets
recycled
in
the
United
States
versus
export.
All
the
aluminum
cans
are
staying
in
the
United
States,
all
the
tin
cans.
All
the
glass
bottles
are
staying
in
California,
the
pet
bottles
and
the
number
two
bottles
are
staying
in
California.
That's
what
we
need
to
promote,
what
can
be
recycled
and
create
jobs
locally
and
in
in
the
US
can.
D
C
D
B
I
did
not
know
that.
Well,
that's
great!
So
hopefully
this
has
been
a
good
overview
of
where
we
are
kind
of
a
status
of
single-use
plastics
and
what's
working
and
where
we
still
need
to
go
and
that's
really
what
we
wanted
to
set
up
here
with
our
first
panel,
so
really
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
our
other
speakers
about
Technologies
and
policies
being
looked
at
the
space
that
we
really.
Thank
you
thanks
to
our
speakers,
foreign.
G
Thank
you
Andre
and
the
industry
panel.
That
was
such
a
fascinating
discussion
and
I'm
really
happy
to
to
be
leading
our
second
discussion,
which
is
going
to
be
on
Science
and
Technology.
First
I
wanted
to
introduce
myself.
My
name
is
Carrie
young
I'm,
a
board
member
for
Cupertino
Library
Foundation.
G
Every
year
we
have
a
flagship
program
called
Super
Summer
science
search
in
which
we
engage
middle
school
students
to
to
help
solve
a
big
problem
with
the
help
of
Mary
Paul
and
mayor's
office.
Plastics
challenge
was
one
of
our
prompt
in
2021,
and
even
in
the
room
that
we're
sitting
in
here
today,
we
had
engaged
our
middle
school
students
to
help
us
design
a
perfect
program
room.
They
would
like
to
see
back
in
2019,
so
it's
very
fitting
that
we're
having
this
discussion
today
and
with
so
many
young
voices
from
our
audience
about
today's
discussion.
G
We
have
a
very
awesome
panel
today
for
our
Science
and
Technology
I'm
gonna
start
going
from
this
direction.
We've
got
Dr
karing's
gown,
who
is
a
deputy
division
director
of
research
in
energy
analysis
and
environmental
impact
division.
Her
specific
expertise
involves
in
scenario,
analysis,
infrastructure,
modeling,
uncertainty,
quantification,
environmental
life,
cycle
assessment
and
transportation
energy.
G
Second,
we
have
Joey
Schmidt,
who
is
the
Project
Director
for
Action
research,
which
is
a
firm
that
helps
translate
academic
research
on
energy
conservation
and
recycling
into
real
world
applications.
Joey
is
also
an
expert
in
looking
at
behavioral
changes,
so
great
Segway
from
our
prior
panel.
Let's
do
he
will
be
sharing
a
little
bit
of
that
with
us
today
and
and
we've
got
Jeff
Dilbert,
who
is
the
director
of
operations
for
Bay
accounting,
Smart
Station,
which
is
providing
comprehensive
recycling
stations
for
Los,
Altos,
Sunnyvale
and
Mountain
View,
which
serves
over
300
000
residents?
G
H
H
We
actually
got
a
grant
from
the
California
energy
commission
to
work
with
a
facility
not
too
far
from
here
in
in
San
Jose,
a
zero
waste
energy
energy
development
company,
so
they
were
doing
dry,
anaerobic
digestion
of
mixed
organic
waste
from
the
surrounding
communities
and
one
of
the
things
that
really
struck
me
and
I
showed
pictures
to
my
my
co,
my
other
panelists.
When
we
were
hanging
out
before
before
we
sat
down
it's
just
that
the
sheer
quantity
of
plastic
waste
that
was
contaminating
the
stuff
coming
into
z-wed
right.
H
H
So
it's
not
contaminating
other
streams
that
we
can
get
some
value
out
of,
and
we
also
want
to
be
able
to
divert
that
stuff
from
landfill
make
sure
it
doesn't
leak
into
the
environment,
and
so
that's
kind
of
how
we
got
started
on
on
plastic
waste
in
in
the
research
that
I
do
at
Lawrence,
Berkeley
lab.
We
focus
on
kind
of
Novel
recycling,
Technologies
developing
polymers
that
either
break
down
more
easily
in
anaerobic
digesters
or
composting
operations,
or
that
are
easier
to
break
down
in
a
sort
of
relatively
environmentally
benign
recycling
process.
H
That's
different
than
just
the
kind
of
mechanical
recycling
process,
which
you
know
as
we
talked
about
earlier,
can
be
really
challenging
because
you
can't
separate
out
things
like
dies,
fillers
other
additives
right,
so
developing
New,
Recycling
processes
that
allow
us
to
get
that
stuff
out.
So
we
have
something
closer
to
Virgin
material
is
one
of
those
important
technological
solutions
that
we
work
on
at
the
lab.
H
So
my
group
does
a
lot
of
computer
modeling
and
then
we
partner
up
with
folks
who
are
doing
stuff
empirically
in
the
lab
and
taking
measurements
out
in
the
field
and
and
our
goal
really
is
to
kind
of
connect
up
the
basic
science
with
the
very
practical
side
of
like
how
are
we
going
to
roll
this
stuff
out?
What
things
make
sense
to
commercialize
and
where
are
the
gaps
in
our
infrastructure
that
we
need
to
fill
through
kind
of
targeted
Investments?
That
sort
of
thing.
G
I
Yeah
so
I'm
a
Project
Director
at
action,
research
and
we
focus
on
Behavior
change,
so
we
work
in
a
variety
of
Industries,
so
recycling
composting,
energy,
water,
storm,
water
pollution
prevention,
various
different
things
like
that.
My
background
is
in
Psychology,
with
a
focus
on
experimental
psychology
in
the
social
science,
Realm
and,
and
everything
that
we've
been
talking
about
today
has
some
sort
of
Behavioral
aspect.
I
So
we
use
a
process
called
social
community-based,
social
marketing
and
it's
a
research-based
process.
That
kind
of
looks
at
very
specific
behavior.
So
you
you
get
down
from
that
high
level
recycle
and
you
get
really
focused,
recycle
soft
Plastics
at
your
local
grocery
store.
Then
you
do
some
research
see.
What's
out
there,
you
talk
to
people,
you
talk
to
your
community
and
you
figure
out
what
are
the
barriers
and
benefits
to
that
specific
action
that
you
want
them
to
engage
in,
so
I,
don't
have
transportation
to
the
grocery
store.
I
I,
forget
I:
don't
have
somewhere
to
keep
all
these
plastic
bags
I,
don't
know
which
kinds
of
bags
are
recyclable
because
knowledge
and
awareness
is
shown
over
and
over
to
not
be
enough.
So
you
really
need
to
dig
deep
and
find
out
those
specifics
about
each
Behavior.
Then,
once
you've
got
those
identified,
you
start
developing
strategies
to
develop
a
program
to
actually
get
people
to
do
the
behavior.
You
want
them
to
do
so.
Those
tools
come
from
the
social
and
Behavioral
Sciences.
I
There's
all
different
kinds
that
address
different
barriers
that
you
might
encounter
so
I
forget.
You
need
to
potentially
use
a
prompt
to
remind
people.
I,
don't
know
you
need
to
use
Vivid
communication
to
tell
them
what
to
do.
You
can
use
social
norms
to
say
most
people
value
clean
creaks
because
the
Plastics
end
up
there,
so
you
need
to
take
them
into
the
right
place.
I
J
J
You
know,
there's
a
lot
of
big
names
today
and
it
was,
it
was
actually
quite
an
honor
to
be
included
with
those
names
I'm
on
the
operation
side
I've
been
with
the
Smart
Station
for
about
since
2007
and
and
really
you
know,
I'm
here
to
talk
about
what
what
we
do
there
and
overall
at
any
of
our
facilities,
sister
companies,
what
we
do
to
really
keep
the
Plastics
out
of
the
landfill.
You
know
there's
a
lot
of
Technology
coming
online.
J
That
really
helps
the
efficiency
of
how
we
run
these
facilities
and-
and
you
know
it
goes
hand
in
hand
with
what
everybody
who's
talking
here
today.
You
know
I
think
we're
kind
of
the
end
of
the
line
there,
so
I'm
going
to
spend
some
time
today.
Talking
about
you
know
what
our,
what
the
end
users
do
with
the
the
material
and
what
we
do
to
get
it
to
them
so
and
I
look
forward
to
you
know
answering
all
the
questions
that
Kerry
has
and
and
yeah.
G
Absolutely
thank
you
for
all
of
your
introductions
and
it
wouldn't
be
a
science
and
technology
panel
without
talking
about
Innovations
and
and
discoveries.
So
I
would
love
to
to
just
kind
of
hear,
maybe
from
you,
you
know
from
your
respective
area.
What
are
some
of
the
really
recent
discoveries
or
innovations
that
excites
you
the
most
right
now
sure
well,.
H
You
know
the
technology
for
recycling
Plastics
that
have
historically
been
really
difficult
to
recycle
right.
We
talked
about
how
ones
and
twos
right
that's
pet,
polyethylene,
Turf,
phthalate
and
hcpe
high
density.
Polyethylene
are
the
two
residents
that
regularly
get
recycled.
Just
for
context,
like
is
a
fraction
of
total
Plastics
in
the
U.S.
The
number
previously
that
we
were
all
operating
on
was
about
nine
percent
of
plastics,
get
recycled.
I.
Think
the
updated
number
is
more
like
six
six
percent,
so
it's
gone
down
and,
and
the
reality
is
that
there
are.
H
You
know
those
two
plastically
p-e-t
is
probably
the
most
attractive
one
to
recycles.
Is
you
know
it's
not
that
big
of
a
fraction
of
all
the
Plastics
that
we
use?
We
use
things
like
polypropylene
pay
attention
to
the
packaging
that
you
get
the
next
time
you
get
takeout
right,
there's,
probably
some
combination
of
polypropylene
low
density,
polyethylene
ldpe,
those
are
super.
H
H
So
in
some
cases
that
can
mean
depolymerizing,
stuff,
you've
probably
seen
news
stories.
If
you
follow
this
topic
at
all,
on,
like
paralysis,
right-
and
this
is
basically
heating
up
the
material,
but
you
you're
doing
it
in
an
oxygen,
limited
environment.
So
you're
not
burning
it.
You
end
up
turning
it
into
some
combination
of
a
liquid
fraction,
a
gaseous
fraction
and
a
solid
fraction
called
are
and
you're
trying
to
maximize
the
liquid
fraction
and
that
can
go
into
a
petrochemical
facility,
so
you'll
get
some
naphtha.
H
The
problem
with
parole
is
this
is
that
you
are
basically
going
back
to
the
beginning,
where
you
then
have
to
redo
the
most
energy
intensive
step
to
produce
Plastics,
which
is
the
naphtha
cracker
turning
naphtha
into
ethylene,
so
that
you
can
then
make
these
polymers
again
right.
So
paralysis
you
can
handle
a
mixed
stream.
That's
probably
a
good
option
for
some
of
these
kind
of
mixed
waste
streams
that
are
just
too
difficult
to
further
separate
because
of
the
form
factors
or
whatever.
There
are
other
really
interesting.
H
Technologies
for
depolymerizing
Plastics
back
to
monomers
petas
is
a
great
one
right.
Enzymes
biology
will
find
a
way
right.
We
produce
so
much
plastic
waste
and
kept
it
in
landfills
for
long
enough
that
organisms
started
figuring
out
how
to
eat
it,
and
so
now
we
can
harness
the
enzymes
that
those
organisms
made
I
think
it
was
first
developed
at
a
or
discovered
in
a
landfill.
In
Japan
we
can
use
those
those
enzymes
to
depolymerize
the
plastic
with
cutting
the
the
microbes
out
of
the
loop
entirely
right
just
use
the
enzymes.
H
You
can
also
take
those
enzymes
and
start
to
embed
them
in
the
plastic
so
that,
basically,
when
they
get
to
the
right
condition,
the
right
temperature
exposure
to
water,
they
can
break
down
easily,
and
so
there
are
ways
that
we
can
get
Plastics
that
break
down
more
quickly
in
a
composting
operation.
Right.
H
You
do
this
with
pla,
polycaprolactin
PCL
and
then
there
are
all
kinds
of
other
kind
of
solvent,
assisted
processes
that
can
get
us
to
polymer
chains
or
monomers
and
make
it
easier
to
get
some
of
the
additives
and
the
dyes
out
and
get
something
that
we
can
use
again
as
if
it's
a
sort
of
urgent
material.
So
there's
a
lot
of
cool
stuff
going
on.
I
So
in
terms
of
behaviors
there's
some
interesting
research
on
habit
formation
and
trying
to
chain
different
habits
together
to
make
a
new
Behavior
become
more
successful,
so
some
interesting
stuff
about
habits.
If
you're
trying
to
get
people
to
engage
in
something
new,
you
want
to
associate
it
with
something
that
they're
already
doing
so,
for
example,
if
you're
trying
to
get
somebody
to
floss
more,
if
you're
a
dentist,
you
want
them
to
start
flossing
after
they've
already
brushed
their
teeth,
because
that
is
kind
of
next
steps
in
the
Chain
versus
getting
them
to
floss.
I
First,
because
they're
more
likely
to
forget
and
not
actually
engage
in
that
behavior,
then
there's
also
some
interesting
work
in
terms
of
social
norms.
So
a
lot
of
times,
you
see
a
lot
of
campaigns
that
really
highlight
the
wrong
thing.
They
clearly
don't
have
social
scientists
on
their
panels,
because
they'll
say
look
at
all
of
this
trash
in
the
creek
look
at
all
of
this
trash
over
here,
but
you
really
need
to
be
highlighting
the
positive
social
Norm.
I
You
really
need
to
show
most
people
value
recycling
properly,
there's
very
little
contamination
things
like
that,
but
depending
on
your
behavior,
that's
not
always
the
case.
So
if
it's
a
new
Behavior,
not
everybody's
doing
it
not
everybody
knows
about
it.
So
there's
some
interesting
work
in
the
realm
of
social
norms
with
what's
called
trending
or
dynamic
Norms,
so
you
can
still
highlight
the
low
amount
of
Engagement
in
it,
but
you
can
highlight
it
as
a
trend.
So
every
day
more
and
more
people
are
recycling.
J
Yeah,
what
what
these
two
are
talking
about
is
possibly
the
most
important
part
of
recycling.
You
know
the
behavior
is:
is
it
how
we,
how
we
teach
our
residents,
how
we
teach
our
kids,
how
to
recycle?
What
to
recycle
I
mean
that
that
is,
you
know
more
important
than
what
you
know
even
I.
Do
it
starts
there?
J
You
know
I'm
dealing
with
a
lot
of
new
technology
that
that
the
industry
is
trying
to
come
up
with.
As
far
as
you
know,
how
efficient
are
our
transfer
stations,
how
are
fishing
our
facilities
to
keeping
recyclables
out
of
a
landfill,
a
lot
of
people?
Might
you
know
you
see
the
videos
you
go
to
facilities
you
take
the
tours.
They
look
great,
it
looks
efficient
I
think
we
are
very
inefficient
at
the
moment.
J
I
think
a
lot
of
facilities
are
starting
to
make
the
move
they're
starting
to
renovate
and
make
the
modifications
to
add
in
Automation
and
try
to
get
better
diversion
out
of
it.
That's
what
we're
trying
to
do
at
least
at
our
facility
and
at
other
facilities
of
ours.
You
know
we're
trying
to
implement
robotics
we're
trying
to
implement
Optical
sorters
those
two
go
hand
in
hand.
I
think
you
can't
have
one
without
having
the
other.
Now
Optical
sorters
have
been
around
for
a
lot
longer
and
I.
J
J
We
still
are
going
to
use
manual
sorters,
but
I
think
what
we're
you're
going
to
see
in
the
next
three
to
five
years,
probably
closer
to
five
years,
is
you're
going
to
have
a
lot
of
Robotics
in
there
that
work
hand
in
hand
with
the
optical
sorters
part
of
what's
going
to
go
with,
that
is
our
facilities
and
and
I
know,
for
our
facility
in
Sunnyvale
is
something
that
we're
looking
in
the
next
five
years
is
to
renovate
it.
And
it's
it's
how
you
apply
all
these
new
technologies?
J
You
can
throw
them
in
there
do
a
one
pass
one
Loop
and
then
send
it.
Everything
that
you
don't
get
out
to
landfill,
I
think
you're,
going
to
see
a
lot
more
of
this
technology,
the
opticals
of
Robotics
screening,
you're,
going
to
start
seeing
a
looping
system.
You
can
run
these
facilities
at
a
slower,
Pace,
less
burden,
depth,
you're,
going
to
start
missing
a
lot
more
of
what's
recyclable.
J
J
G
Yeah,
thank
you
and
I.
Think
one
of
the
common
threads
I'm
hearing
is
looking
at
pattern,
analysis
and
looking
at
metrics
and
numbers,
and
so
maybe
I'll
start
with
Dr
scound,
because
I
know
in
a
lot
of
your
research
papers.
You've
mentioned
a
lot
about
techno-economic
analysis
which
you're
looking
at
you
know
it's
an
approach
looking
at
conducting
process,
design
simulations
and
that's
based
on
empirical
data.
So
it's
entirely.
G
Data
driven
and
you've
also
looked
at
life
cycles
of
a
lot
of
different
materials
or
even
electric
Trucking
and
things
so
by
utilizing
ml
data
right
machine
learning.
So
from
a
top
level
perspective.
Does
that
help
you
inform
maybe
on
the
simplistic,
most
simplistic
level
like
you
know?
Where
are
the
low
hanging
fruit
of
where
we
could
approach
this
issue?.
H
K
H
H
I
mean-
and
so
so
it
would
be
interesting
to
connect
that
up
with
the
behavioral
side
of
things,
to
figure
out
what
either
Behavioral,
nudges
or
technological
fixes.
We
can
employ
to
make
sure
that
of
the
stuff
that
does
have
value
that
we
can
pull
out,
that
we
basically
don't
shoot
ourselves
in
the
foot
by
ending
up
with
contamination.
That
lowers
the
value
of
the
material
and
makes
it
unacceptable.
H
So,
in
the
case
of
the
sort
of
pla
contamination
issue,
we
started
thinking
about
like
novel
ways
that
you
could
Downstream
separate
pla
out
and
actually
recover
that
separately
from
the
pet.
If
you
end
up
with
too
much
of
it
in
there,
because
the
optical
disorders
have
some
of
the
lower
resolution,
Optical
sorters
have
a
difficult
time
sort
of
differentiating
between
the
two.
Their
signatures
look
really
similar.
G
Yeah-
and
this
is
again
the
perfect
Segway
right-
we
have
our
policy
panels
after
this,
and
so
this
is
a
really
great
discussion
point.
So
then,
how
do
we
bring
some
of
these
discussions
on?
Maybe
changing
the
different
levels
of
requirement?
Is
that
on
the
policy
level
or
Joey
in
terms
of
like
behavioral
changes,
how
do
we
bring
this
into
the
industry
is
at
from
a
policy
perspective
or
from
your
thoughts
like
how?
How
do
we
bridge
that.
I
Yeah
I
mean,
if
you're
going
to
make
any
policy
changes,
you're
going
to
need
people
to
engage
with
them
properly.
So
talking
to
people
and
figuring
out
their
understanding
of
whatever
change
is
going
to
be
made
is
going
to
be
really
important
because
otherwise
you're
going
to
end
up
with
a
lot
of
contamination
issues
or
different
problems.
So
setting
up
programs
right
from
the
beginning
is
going
to
be
really
key.
J
That's
tough.
We
we
can
talk
about
legislation
all
day
California,
especially
it's.
You
know,
legislation.
Over
the
last
five
years,
I
I
mean
it's
skyrocketed,
I'm
part
of
a
legislative
committee
on
a
coalition
that
you
know
our
once
a
month
meeting
went
from
10
11
12
discuss.
You
know
different
legislations
that
we
were
talking
about
now.
We've
got
a
list
of
40
or
45,
and
when
we
were
discussing
this
before
that,
my
head
explodes
I
can't
keep
up
with
it
all.
J
It's
so
hard
to
to
really
understand
all
the
legislation
that
they're
pushing
through
and
I
mean.
There
really
is
only
one
way
to
do
it,
yeah
they
can
pass
all
they
want,
but
it
goes
back
to
Residence.
It
goes
back
to
you
know
everybody
who's
trying
to
recycle
and
we
got
to
get
out
to
them
and-
and
you
know
explain
why
is
this
happening
and
you
know
1383
Organics
out
of
a
landfill,
a
lot
of
people.
J
G
H
Let's
see,
don't
don't
wish
cycle
I'm
gonna
steal.
Your
thunder
put
your
clear,
rigid
three-dimensional,
no
flat
like
film
Plastics
put
those
in
the
recycle
bin.
I
still
don't
know
if
I,
if
I
should
just
if
I
have
a
peanut
butter
jar
I
was
like,
spend
all
this
effort.
Cleaning
it
out.
Maybe
I
should
just
put
it
in
the
trash,
but
yeah
I
think
there's
reason
to
be
hopeful.
You
should
yeah.
Don't
wish
cycle
is
really
the
one
thing
I'll
leave
it
at
that.
J
I
J
J
The
industry
is
very:
it's
ever
changing
right
now
it
is
as
active
as
it's
ever
been
and
just
know
that
you
know
we're
we're
doing
everything
we
can
we're
working
with
our
cities
very
hard
to
come
up
with
new
technology,
whether
that's
opticals,
whether
that's
Vision
systems
that
can
read
everything
coming
across
our
belts
or,
for
you
know,
kids
out
there,
who
probably
find
this
more
interesting.
We
are
coming
up
with
robotics
that
can
help
us
sort
all
of
this
material
out.
J
So
we're
we're
doing
a
lot
as
an
industry
and
there's
a
lot
of
people
out
there
that
you
know
I
talk
to
to
improve
the
efficiency
of
our
facilities,
that
recycle
all
of
this
material.
And
you
know,
and
then
from
there
a
whole
nother
topic
that
we
can
go
on
for
hours,
is
transport
and
exporting
and
getting
the
the
material
that
we
recover
where
it
needs
to
go.
But
yeah
technology
we're
getting
there
we're
getting
there.
H
For
the
students,
I
would
say
like
this
is
a
great
opportunity
to
like
find
a
way
to
do
a
class
project
on
this.
If
you're
interested
there
are
always
cool
internships
opportunities
to
get
involved
in
research,
so
search
around
I'm
sure
all
of
us
would
be
happy
to
you
know
if
you
want
to
reach
out
we're
easy
to
find
on
the
internet,
but
but
get
get
involved
early,
it's
never
too
early.
G
Absolutely
thank
you
so
much
and
I
had
mentioned
earlier
that
we
had
an
S4
project
in
2021
which
will
be
featured
during
lunch.
So
definitely
watch
out
for
that.
That
would
be
coming
up
just
shortly
so
I
with
that.
I
really
wanted
to
thank
all
of
our
panelists
today
for
our
Scientific
Technology
panel,
certainly
big
problems
that
we
are
facing,
but
we're
hopeful
that
the
technology
is
catching
up
and
hope,
hopefully
propelling
us
to
to
kind
of
address
the
issues.
So
thank
you
very
much.
A
Thanks
thanks
a
lot
for
being
here
again
this
morning,
I
think
it's
just
been
an
incredible
set
of
conversations
that
we've
had
so
far
between
the
industry
panel
and
the
Science
and
Technology
panel.
The
only
thing
that
I
lament
is
that
we
only
have
half
an
hour,
so
there's
no
way
you're
gonna,
you
know
basically
cover
all
of
industry
or
all
of
science
or
technology,
or
even
you
know
a
significant
portion
of
it.
A
A
Let's
hear
where
industry
is
coming
from,
and
for
for
those
of
you
very
vested
in
this
issue,
you
you
do
hear
the
industry
representative,
who
Sally
Houghton,
was
a
great
representative
of
Industry,
but
at
the
same
time
you
kind
of
understand
that
industry
comes
from
a
business
perspective
right,
it's
it's
out
to
you
know,
try
to
capitalize
on
on
the
dollar.
How
do
we
work
you
know
with
that?
You
know:
do
we
put
cards
on
the
table
and
basically
say
Hey,
you
know
we.
A
We
understand
that
there's
a
economic
incentive
or
when
we're
trying
to
you,
know
work
on
it.
Do
we
basically
set
up
a
paradigm
where
it's
kind
of
like
okay,
we're
going
to
legislate
our
way
out
of
this
we're
going
to
make
you
know
these
types
of
you
know
things
get
cleaner
and
we
have
behavioral
scientists
here
today
and
people
in
that
industry
and
thinking
about
okay.
How
do
we
really
think
about
how
people
actually
behave
right?
A
The
the
study
of
Economics
is
all
about
Adam
Smith
premising
it
on
the
idea
that
people
are
selfish.
Right
is
the
maybe
a
couple
centuries
back
at
this
point,
but
the
behavioral
economics.
You
know
they're
kind
of
thinking.
How
do
people
actually
behave?
So
this
is
really
interesting
that
we're
able
to
kind
of
connect
the
science,
so
we
connect
the
industry
and
their
motivations
and
and
the
behavior.
A
The
director
of
advocacy
to
Nick's
left
is
Oh
by
Rambo,
who
is
with
Recology
and
is
the
director
of
government
relations
on
the
other
side
of
the
screen
is
my
colleague
at
the
city
of
Cupertino,
Ursula
sarova,
who
is
the
Environmental
programs
manager
and
then
finally
to
Ursula's
left
is
Dr
Lloyd
homes,
who
is
the
president
of
De,
Anza
College,
and
so,
let's
start
with
Nick
on
these
self
introductions.
Welcome
Nick.
L
Sure,
thank
you
for
having
me.
As
the
mayor
said,
my
name
is
Nick
lapis
I'm,
with
Californians
against
waste,
it's
a
little
echoey,
so
we're
an
environmental
organization
based
in
Sacramento.
We
work
on
policy,
development,
lobbying
more
or
less.
If
you've
heard
about
a
recycling
law
over
the
past
40
years,
it's
something
that
our
organization
either
developed
or
worked
to
implement.
So
everything
from
the
bottle
Bill
originally
to
more
recently
the
organic
waste
legislation,
the
Plastics
legislation.
M
Good
morning,
everyone,
my
name,
is
Obi
Rambo
I
am
the
new
director
of
government
relations.
Agricology
I've,
been
here
for
about
eight
months
and
I
feel
that
my
new
subtitles,
probably
Captain,
Planet,
been
enjoying
my
time
here
so
far
and
Recology
is
a
waste
management
organization
based
in
Northern
California
we've
been
in
San
Francisco
since
the
1930s
and
we
have
expanded
into
Washington,
State,
Oregon
and
also
all
the
way
down
through
the
coast
and
the
Inland
part
of
our
state.
M
N
Great
good
morning,
everyone
thank
you
so
much
for
coming
out.
This
has
been
great.
I
am
Ursula
sirova,
the
environmental
programs
manager
for
city
of
Cupertino.
We
do
both
the
waste
side,
so
we
manage
the
the
contract
with
Recology
who's,
our
local
hauler,
and
we
also
comply
with
the
state
laws
for
Waste
reduction
and
waste
diversion
and
so
we're
those
people
they
were
talking
about
in
the
last
panel
are
trying
to
educate
our
community
and
and
get
everyone
knowing
what
we
do
here
locally.
N
We
also
manage
compliance
with
storm
water
laws,
so
we're
keeping
our
Creeks
clean
and
keeping
the
trash
and
other
pollutants
out
of
the
creeks
and
managing
all
the
compliance
side
of
that,
and
so
I'm
honored
today
to
represent
Cupertino
and
all
the
policy
it's
done
over
years
to
reduce
waste
and
and
as
focused
on
Plastics,
in
particular,
in
a
couple
of
ways.
As
the
mayor
already
mentioned,
we
in
2013
restricted
the
use
of
the
single-use,
carry
out
plastic
bags,
those
very
thin
hello
bags.
N
So
we
already
had
that
kind
of
on
the
radar
in
2017
and
currently
we're
working
on
a
new
proposed,
single-use
Plastics
ordinance
to
further
restrict
food
wear
and
to
Pivot
towards
paper-based
fiber-based,
which,
as
Bruce
pointed
out,
doesn't
necessarily
there's
not
really
a
winner
in
the
single-use
foodware
space.
But
if
we're
using
fiber-based
products,
we
can
then
carry
carry
the
food
scraps
and
everything
right
into
the
compost
here
in
Cupertino.
Again,
you
got
to
look
locally
right
for
these.
O
Good
morning,
I'm
Lloyd
homes,
I,
am
the
President
of
De,
Anza,
College
and
I'm
thrilled
to
to
join
this
panel
this
morning
and
as
I
as
I
was
sitting
here.
Listening
to
the
previous
two
panelists,
you
know,
I
was
thinking
that
that
you
know
everything
that
I
have
to
say.
They've
already
said
it
because
you
know
I
think
about
I.
Think
about
this.
O
This
work
from
from
what
is
the
role
in
education
and
and
what
role
do
we
play
as
an
educational,
Institution
and
and
providing
individuals
with
the
knowledge
or
the
understanding
of
of
what
is
needed
in
in
this
this
Arena
and-
and
you
know,
I,
think
about
about
the
fact
that
when
we
think
about
policy,
I
oftentimes
say
policy
is
good
to
the
extent
of
which
people
understand
it
and,
to
the
extent,
to
the
extent
in
which
they
comply
with
it.
And
so
what
role
do
we
play
as
an
educational
institution
or
as
educational
institutions?
O
A
Well,
let's
go
backwards
here:
Dr
Holmes!
What
are
some
of
the
things
that
Danza
college
is
doing
and
or
what
are
some
of
the
things
that
you've
done
in
the
past,
because
of
course
you
know
in
the
academic
context,
you're
in
a
universal,
very
optimistic
people
right
and
and
so
but
you're
also
in
something
of
an
enclosed
system,
it
seems
like
there
are
often
more
opportunities,
sometimes
to
be
able
to
say
hey.
O
Yes,
so
so
one
of
the
things
you
know
we
were
were
one
of
the
first
schools
in
the
nation
developed
to
develop
a
sustainability
plan
and
and
I
will
say
that
when
I
came
here
as
as
the
president
was
interviewing,
there
were
some
things
that
I
was
told
in
just
about
every
setting
was
import
were
important
to
the
institution.
You
know
one
was
Civic
engagement,
Equity
was
was
important
and
sustainability.
O
Every
single
meeting
that
I
went
to
someone
talked
about
sustainability
and
what
the
institution
was
doing
to
to
address
sustainability
efforts.
You
know
in
our
cafeteria
back
in
2000
and
eight
they
began
to
use
a
potato
wear
so
the
so
we
went
away
from
plastic
utensils
that
that
weren't
biodegradable
you
know
water
bottles.
O
Our
philosophy
and
how
we're
using
using
policy
to
really
create
the
culture
of
of
who
we
are,
who
we
want
to
be
and
yeah
and
and
then
in
addition
to
that,
we're
asking
ourselves:
how
do
we
use
our
curriculum
to
really
expand
the
work
of
sustainability,
and
so
those
are
some
of
the
things
that
we're
doing.
I
probably
could
talk
all
day
about
you.
A
Know
well
absolutely
we
could
all
go
on
I,
think
well
over
a
half
hour
or
two
describe
the
individual
efforts
on
on
just
one.
You
know
particular
measure,
but
on
that
note
Ursula
we
have,
as
you
mentioned,
a
legislation
teed
up
in
Cupertino
talking
about
another
plastic
ban
right
and
not
advertently,
just
because
of
the
fact
that
we
do
have
a
lot
on
our
agendas.
This
particular
first
reading
of
an
ordinance
has
gotten
delayed.
A
We
have
it
again
on
Tuesday,
but
you
know
I
think
about
the
space
that
we
sit
in
carry
our
prior
moderator
did
mention
Cupertino,
Library
foundation's.
You
know,
involvement
in
in
you
know,
thinking
about
connecting
the
kids
with
a
design.
If
you
go
upstairs,
if
you
stay
with
us
for
lunch,
and
then
you
hear
the
artists
talk
about
the
artwork
from
Recology
materials.
A
Upstairs
on
the
second
floor,
if
you
see
the
second
floor,
you
can
see
the
windows
and
those
windows
have
dots
in
them
and
the
reason
those
windows
have
dots
to
them
is
prior
legislation
of
the
Cupertino
city
council.
That's
bird,
safe,
dark
sky
design
so
that
birds
are
less
likely
to
strike
the
windows
that
came
about
as
a
lot
of
iterations
of
discussions,
so
so
Ursula
when
you're
looking
at
or
our
current
bag.
Or
you
know,
plastic
food
wear
perhaps
span
perhaps
regulation.
A
Where
do
you
go
in
your
kind
of
mental
space
as
the
person
in
our
our
city,
thinking
about
kind
of
introducing
and
rolling
this
out
and
knowing
that,
for
instance-
and
this
is
a
big
example
in
Cupertino
that
you
probably
have
the
most
Boba
shops
by
any
density
anywhere
in
the
world
in
this
city.
Yeah
I
heard
one
clap,
but
you
know,
but
of
course
that
is
a
particularly
intensive
use
of
of
that
type
of
material.
N
Yeah,
it's
so
interesting,
I
I
think
a
lot
about
what
Joey
talked
about
and
just
the
Nexus
of
behavior
and
policy,
because
we
can
pass
what
we
want
to
pass.
But
you
know,
if
you're
not
going
to
make
it
easy
and
understandable
for
people
it's
going
to
be
a
struggle
right
and
trying
to
understand
the
businesses
and
where
they're
at
so
with
the
Boba
example
like
mayor
Paul,
said
I
think
we
are,
you
know
we
have
a
very
high
per
capita
Boba.
You
know
representation
here,
and
you
know
we.
N
We
don't
have
anything
against
Boba
and
we
understand
that
Boba
has
a
whole
aesthetic
to
it
and
a
whole
experience
and
you
have
the
clear
cup
and
you
see
the
pearls
and
you
have
the
sealed
top
and
it's
a
whole
thing
and
you're
stabbing
through
the
sealed
top.
And
so
you
know
from
a
policy
perspective,
that's
a
tough
one
to
Wrangle
and
you
don't
want
to
rob
people
of
an
experience
or
Rob
an
industry
or
this
Niche.
You
know
Market
so
trying
to
find
a
way
forward.
N
There
is,
is
tricky,
there's
not
an
easy
solution
necessarily,
but
we
want
to
hear
from
the
you
know
these
places
that
are
doing
these
business
and
see.
If
there's
a
way,
can
we
enable
some
reusables
right?
There
are
some
kind
of
fun
cool,
reusable
Solutions
out
there.
Could
we
get
that
kind
of
trending
with
some
of
the
the
customers
right
if
we
can
make
it
fun
and
interesting
and
cool
and
and
have
it
you
know,
as
as
someone
point
out,
we
want
to
go
towards
something
positive
rather
than
just
like.
N
No,
it's
bad
bad,
like
let's
draw
towards
a
positive
solution
that
that
people
could
drift
towards
kind
of,
naturally,
as
consumers
right
so
trying
to
find
that
next
is,
is
always
very
tricky
and
in
the
Outreach
I'll
just
say
quickly.
I've
really
tried
to
go
to
these
places
and
say
tell
us
your
concerns.
You
know
I'd
rather
hear
about
it
now,
right
soon
than
try
to
pass
something
and
then
have
people
say.
Oh
no
one
asked
us,
you
know,
so
we
really
are
trying
to
go
and
even
had
people.
N
Some
some
of
my
staff
going
literally
door
to
door.
Tell
us
you
know
what
you
think
about
this.
So
it's
it's
always.
It's
always
a
challenge
to
reach
everyone
and
hear
the
concerns,
but
that's
where
I
come
from.
I
want
to
hear
the
concerns.
I
want
to
try
to
find
a
solution
where
we
can
kind
of
move
forward
together
towards
something
that
meets
all
the
needs.
Thanks.
N
A
Excellent,
thank
you,
Ursula
and,
and
with
that,
oh
bye,
I,
understand
that
Recology
and
some
of
your
Affiliates
have,
interestingly
enough
a
strong
interest
in
a
Statewide
initiative.
Right
now
we
were
talking
about
Plastics
three
through
seven
and
our
first
panel
and
the
various
levels
of
recyclability.
Until
you
get
to
you
know:
plastic
seven,
which
apparently
doesn't
have
much.
You
know
recyclability
and
and
adds
to
this
high
percentage
of
plastics
that
end
up
in
the
in
the
waste
stream.
A
M
So
Recology,
back
a
couple
years
ago,
now
worked
together
with
our
other
industry
leaders,
Waste
Management
Republic,
to
put
together
a
ballot
initiative
that
we
would
help
to
meet
the
state's
efforts
by
2035,
but
our
goal
was
20
30
to
reduce
about
25
percent
of
single-use
plastics
that
get
thrown
to
the
waste
stream.
This
also
included
opportunities
to
provide
for
local
and
state
governments
in
their
efforts
to
also
reduce
Plastics
locally,
as
well
in
the
city
of
Los
Angeles.
M
Actually,
they
have
actually
worked
on
something
very
similar
around
the
LA
County
to
stop
at
the
local
food.
You
know
it's
like
food
vendors.
They
normally
use,
like
you
know,
styrofoam,
you
know,
containers
and
so
they've
actually
have
kind
of
mirrored
what
we're
working
on
at
the
state
level
locally
to
mitigate
their
Plastics
use
of
consumption,
even
sooner
I,
think
theirs
is
around
2027..
So,
in
a
nutshell,
that's
pretty
much
like
the
objective
for
where
we're
at
right
now
and
the
work
that
also
needs
to
be
done.
M
Isn't
you
know
merely
just
what
we've
been
able
to
put
onto
the
ballot,
but
it's
also
understanding
where
people
are
at
the
moment.
You
know
we
are
facing
a
climate
emergency
that
we
have
never
seen
before
in
this
country
and
around
the
world
and
by
us
getting
together,
especially
in
the
state
of
California,
to
look
at
policies,
look
at
opportunities
in
which
we
can
be
not
just
industry
Leaders,
with
Recology,
but
world
leaders,
along
with
the
other,
broader
groups
like
Sweden,
and
a
lot
of
the
Nordic
countries
that
we've
seen.
A
M
M
You
know
a
part
of
this
effort
or
we're
going
to
constantly
have
these
relapses
and
and
a
proliferation
of
single-use
plastics
that
get
thrown
to
the
waste
stream.
You
know
create
these
byproducts
like
pfos
and
all
these
other
nasty
things
that
we
don't
want.
So
that's,
but
that's
part
of
the
big
reason
why
it's
part
of
our
vision,
it's
part
of
who
we
are
as
a
company
and
what
we
understand
that
you
know
the
broader
communities
that
we
serve
want
to
see
happen
as
well.
Very.
A
Interesting
well,
thank
you
all
bye
and
it
does
kind
of
hearken
back
to
a
comment
made
in
our
first
panel
about
you
make
it
you
take
it
I
think
by
Professor,
oshevsky
and
really
the
question
I
think
becomes.
How
do
you
get
industry
to
get
invested
in
that?
Is
it
a
matter
of
legislation?
I
know,
legislation
is
often
a
struggle.
It's
a
process,
certainly
with
regard
to
that
thoughts
on
on
on
the
various
types
of
legislation
that
are
out
there,
Nick
right
now,
and
what
your
organization
has
been
doing.
A
I
I
don't
mean
to
put
it
all
on
you,
but
if
we,
if
we're
hearing
nine
percent
right,
was
the
recycling
before
and
we're
at
six
percent
now
you
know
what
is
it
that
we
need
to
be
doing
to
kind
of
connect
those
dots
policy
wise?
Are
there?
Are
there
certain
types
of
laws
that
we
should
be
focusing
on?
What
gets
us
to
that
that
better
endpoint.
L
It's
not
necessarily
a
single
Silver.
Bullet
thing
we
can
do.
But
you
know
Sally
with
prcc,
is
a
perfect
example
of
what
we
need
to
be
doing
with
other
packaging
types.
It's
an
industry
created
organization
that,
in
response
to
legislation,
is
getting
pet
bottles
recycled,
and
it's
a
culmination
of
the
fact
that
we
have
a
deposit
on
those
bottles,
so
consumers
have
an
incentive
to
get
it
to
bring
it
back,
so
they
get
their
nickel
back.
L
That's
on
the
back
end
on
the
front.
End,
I!
Think
what
you
heard
in
the
second
panel
is:
it's
got
to
be
dead,
simple
right.
We
can't
count
on
the
people
who
are
going
to
go
out
of
their
way
to
figure
out
what
type
of
plastic
their
bag
is
and
to
take
it
back
to
the
one
Walmart
you
know
in
the
in
the
Four
County
area
that
takes
back
the
plastic
that
just
isn't
going
to
work.
L
L
They
all
use
PT
for
their
soft
drink
bottles,
HTTP
for
their
jugs
aluminum
for
their
cans,
glass
for
their
bottles,
they're,
all
inter-recyclable
together,
you
walk
down
the
aisle
at
the
store
you're,
not
making
any
kind
of
decision
about.
For
the
most
part,
some
exceptions
like
you
know,
Capri
Sun
or
something
you're,
not
really
making
a
decision
about
what's
recyclable
and
it
all
goes
in
your
home
bin
and
we
have
markets
for
it
here
and
that's
really
what
we
need
for
other
types
of
packaging.
L
We've
got
to
shift
to
a
simpler
system
that
has
fewer
types
of
packaging
where
the
manufacturers
are
actually
buying
it
back
and
making
the
new
products
out
of
it.
We
don't
need
18,
different
materials
to
make
clear
clamshell
containers
out
of
right.
It's
it's
a
system
problem.
It's
not
a
consumer
problem.
A
Great
okay:
well,
these
are
really
just
profoundly
interesting
questions.
We
have
about
six
minutes
left
I
do
want
to
be
able
to
open
it
up
to
people
that
have
questions
here
and
so
just
a
show
of
hands.
Would
anyone
like
to
ask
questions
of
our
panel
okay?
So
we
do
have
a
number
of
so
please
make
your
way
up
to
the
front.
I'll
just
ask
a
speed
round
of
questions
for
our
panelists
here.
A
So
thinking
about
this
okay,
we
did
have
a
good
comment
from
a
scientist
on
our
second
panel
with
regard
to
thinking
about
how
the
science
can
talk
to
Industry
the
optical
readers
pla
versus
pet.
That
was
great
to
hear
right,
because
we
know
that
we
probably
don't
need
to
legislate
that
right,
but
to
the
extent
that
we
can
promote
that
type
of
conversation
and
those
types
of
policies.
What
do
you
find
most
important
about
all
of
this
in
the
type
of
balance
that
we're
talking
about?
A
A
N
Right
what
I'm
thinking
of
is
is
not
giving
us
materials
that
we
can't
recycle
sort
of
to
I
was
going
to
say
Amen,
you
know,
but
like
with
the
pla
issue.
We
actually
don't
want
pla
in
our
compost
here
locally
and
in
California.
It's
kind
of
problematic
I
think
it's
better
in
other
parts
of
the
country,
but
it
looks
identical
to
pets
so
so.
A
Okay,
well,
why
don't
we
come
on
up
if
you're
interested
there's
a
microphone
over
there?
If
you'd
like
to
ask
a
question
of
our
panel
in
the
meantime,
you
know
I
will
pause
it.
The
idea
that
you
know
perhaps
legislation
if
it's
too
heavy-handed
right
it
ends
up
getting
some
pushback
from
you
know
understandable,
pushback,
from
from
the
economic
atmosphere
out,
there
welcome.
P
Oh
hello,
hi,
my
name
is
sudha
I'm,
a
resident
of
Cupertino
and
I'm
very
happy
to
be
here,
because
this
is
something
which
is
really
close
to
my
heart
and
the
family
as
well.
So
it's
very
heartening
to
see
the
problem
of
plastics
being.
You
know,
attacked
from
so
many
various
angles,
but
one
thing
that
I
would
really
like
to
ask
May
Paul
is
you
did
mention
briefly
that
the
school
districts
were
also
involved
in
this?
P
P
A
Absolutely
well,
thank
you
for
the
question.
Suda
and
you
know,
I
I
hate
to
you
know,
call
it
a
bit
of
a
softball
pitch,
but
we
have
such
a
nice
Community
here
this
this
event
right
here.
Of
course,
you
know,
we've
actually
gotten
every
school
district
in
Cupertino
involved
and
I
was
very
happy
to
hear
that
similar
to
our
Council,
there
was
unanimous
support
for
these
types
of
conversations.
A
I
I
think
I'm
familiar
with
you
know,
on
the
more
serious
side
you
know
some
of
those
pushbacks
and
and
for
every
single
issue
that
we
have,
especially
the
ones
that
are
more
serious
and
a
bit
more
intractable.
We
have
so
many
committed
people
in
the
community
and
they
want
to
push
they
want
to
push
at
the
the
high
school
district.
They
want
to
be
able
to
say:
hey.
Are
we
doing
more
things?
Can
we
have
more
of
these
conversations
and
and
I
think
you
know
the
exercise
that
we're
engaged
in
right
now?
A
You
know
it
will
get
recorded
and
pushed
out
to
the
public
on
the
website
webpage
for
the
city
we
can.
We
can
encourage
these
types
of
conversations
to
keep
on
happening,
but
certainly
you
have
a
partner
in
the
city
with
regard
to
being
able
to
bring
these
types
of
issues
to
the
Forefront.
I
would
like
to
bring
it
over
to
Dr
Holmes,
given
the
fact
that
he's
president
of
you
know
really
the
higher
Institute
of
learning
in
in
Cupertino,
so
Dr
Holmes.
Do
you
have
thoughts?
I
mean.
O
And
that's
that's
we're
doing
it
at
De,
Anza
and
saying
saying:
here's
here's
what
our
expectations
are.
This
is
who
we
are
and
we're
telling
people
sustainability
is
important
to
us
and
then
besides,
saying
that
it's
important,
what
are
the
specific
actions
that
we're
putting
in
place
that
prove
to
people
that
sustainability
is
important
and
what,
when
people
come
on
campus,
what
are
they
seeing
so
that
they
know
that
sustainability
is
important
to
us,
I
mean
even
our
our
trash
cans.
P
N
Comment
that
I
I
talked
to
the
food
manager,
the
food
services
manager
at
cusd
about
this
topic
and
they
have
some
challenges,
but
they
are
very
interested
in
finding
Solutions
and
one
of
the
challenges
they
don't
have
any
dishwashers
at
schools
and
there's
actually
I
believe
a
state
bill.
That's
under
consideration
to
enable
more
dishwashing
at
school,
so
they're,
they're,
interested
and
there's
room
to
grow.
There
I
think.
A
L
A
Great
well,
I
don't
want
to
end
this
with
just
a
set
of
answers,
because
this
is
not
about
a
set
of
answers.
We
do
have
two
more
members
of
the
public
if
you
could
just
pose
your
questions
and
then
we'll
leave
it
at
that,
and
then
conclude
our
speaking
for
today
and
I'll
remind
everyone
that
we
do
have
lunch
over
in
Community
Hall.
We
have
a
congregation
time
between
now
and
lunch
and
and
of
course
we
can
break
bread
and
continue
the
discussion
on
these
issues.
Q
I
am
resident
very
excited
to
be
here.
I
was
very
interested
in
the
behavioral
aspect.
Effect
that
was
discussed
as
well,
and
my
question
was:
is
there
a
vision
you
know
how
in
PG
PG
e
we
see
like
your
usage,
is
more
than
this
other
other
average
person
in
your
community.
Do
we
foresee
getting
a
letter
in
the
mail
that
hey
your
Garb
the
way
you're
dividing
your
garbage
is
probably
a
lot
worse
than
how
it
should
be.
K
Hello,
my
name
is
karoon
I'm,
a
high
school
student
at
Homestead,
High
School
I
meant
I
heard.
Remember
like
the
sort
of
the
mentioning
of
like
making
this
process
simplified
for
like
students,
and
so
the
members
of
the
public,
and
how
do
you
sort
of
Hope
to
do
is
going
forward
because
I
do
sort
of
see
a
gap
between,
like
my
knowledge
and
like,
what's
really
necessary,
to
be
done
to
help
with
problems
such
as
plastic
usage.
Okay,.
A
N
So
we
wanted
to
welcome
Deborah
up
to
introduce
the
artist
in
a
more
coherent
way
than
I
can
do,
and
so
we
will
welcome
her
up
now
and
then
we
will
hear
from
the
artists
themselves
and
then
we
encourage
you
to
stick
around
and
go
back
over
to
the
library
and
check
out
their
installation
of
art.
On
the
second
floor,
Deborah
come
on
down.
E
Thank
you.
Thank
you.
Thank
you.
Everyone
thank
you
mayor,
Paul,
John,
zarelli
and
then
the
library
this
is
like
the
most
beautiful
Library
I've,
seen
in
a
long
time.
So
thank
you
for
inviting
us.
My
name
is
Deborah
Monk
and
I'm.
The
manager
of
the
Artisan
residence
program
at
Recology
in
San
Francisco
we've
had
an
artisan
residence
program
for
30
years
and
we
invite
artists
to
come
out.
E
We
pay
them
a
stipend,
they
take
materials
from
the
trash
or
they
respond
to
the
trash
and
we
they're
there
for
four
months
and
and
then
at
the
end
of
their
residency.
They
have
an
exhibition.
It's
it's
amazing!
So
if
you're
ever
in
San
Francisco,
please
come
and
visit
us,
but
after
I
spoke
after
I
speak
or
after
the
artist
week
we're
going
to
go
upstairs
and
see
some
of
the
work
that
is
has
been
made
and
I
focused
on
when
I
was
choosing
the
art
here.
E
I
focused
on
artists,
who
specifically
were
using
Plastics
and
so
Kathy
Aoki
and
Alicia
Ascot.
Both
wonderful
artists
that
I
had
the
pleasure
of
spending
four
months
with
Kathy
will
talk
about
her
work
with
styrofoam.
It
doesn't
look
like
Styrofoam.
It's
a
long
involved
process
that
she
used
to
make
it
and
Alicia
is
an
expert
on
plastic.
So
if
you
have
any
questions
about
Plastics
or
the
environment,
Alicia
can
answer
those
questions.
So
Kathy
come
on
up.
R
Hi
everyone
I'm
very
happy
to
be
here.
My
name
is
Kathy
Aoki
and
I'm.
An
artist
and
I
was
very
pleased
to
watch
the
inspiring
videos,
and
so
one
way
that
I
do
my
part
is
to
make
artwork
from
recycled
materials
which
wasn't
really
a
focus
of
my
art
practice
before
I
went
to
Recology,
so
Recology
really
changed
my
life
and
my
ideas
about
how
to
approach
making
artwork.
R
So
you
can
see
here
one
of
these
pieces
in
in
the
library
right
now,
which
is
the
one
that
looks
like
a
stone,
lipstick
and,
and
here
oops-
and
this
is
part
of
my
installation
at
Recology
in
the
final
show.
So
what
you
see
here
looks
like
it's
made
out
of
stone
and
granite,
but
all
of
those
things
I
could
pick
up
and
move
myself.
R
You
know
it's
like
I'm,
a
curator
in
a
museum
and
like
we
just
found
these
at
Recology
in
the
trash,
but
I
made
all
of
these
items.
So
there's
like
a
mansplaining
statue
in
the
center
with
a
pigeon
on
its
shoulder,
and
if
you
look
at
it
from
the
back,
though
you
could
see
I
just
couldn't
bring
myself
to
make
the
whole
Monument
I
just
kind
of
made
it
as
a
stage
set.
R
And
so,
if
you
look
close
up,
you
can
see
that
it's
pieces
of
Styrofoam
that
I've
glued
together
and
that
yellow
stuff
is
the
glue
which
is
Big
Stuff
insulation.
That
comes
out
of
a
can.
So
it's
a
polyurethane
foam
which
I
also
found
at
the
dump.
So
I'd
like
to
tell
you
a
little
bit
about
my
process
as
an
artist
in
Resident.
You
see
a
huge
pile,
and
this
is
I'd
say,
like
1
50th
of
the
pile
that
you
see
in
this
huge
transfer
station.
So.
K
E
R
A
very
big
room,
but
the
transfer
station
is
like
10
times
or
maybe
even
15
times
bigger
than
this.
A
huge
open
space
with
this
huge
pile
and
cars
are
coming
in,
and
trucks
are
coming
in
and
going
all
the
time,
and
as
an
artist
and
Resident
you
wear
a
hard
hat
and
like
steel
toe
boots
with
like
puncture
resistant
soles
and
you
walk
in
and
then,
when
you
see
stuff,
you
like
you
have
to
Quick,
go
and
grab
it
before
the
next
car
comes
and
like
unloads
their
stuff.
R
So
you
have
maybe
like
one
minute
to
six
minutes
or
something
to
really
kind
of
scope
out
stuff
and
haul
it
out
with
your.
You
know
special
gloved
hand
into
like
a
shopping
cart,
and
then
we
cart
it
back
to
our
artist
studio,
so
there's
all
kinds
of
materials
in
there.
So
these
are
materials
that
people
drive
in.
It's
not
what
comes
out
of
the
garbage
truck.
R
It's
like
what
people
drive
in
like
when
their
parents,
you
know,
move
out
of
the
house
or,
like
a
business,
just
had
a
big
display,
and
so
there
was
a
lot
of
Styrofoam
there
and
Recology
does
recycle
a
lot
of
the
styrofoam
if
it's
clean
and
easy
to
trim
and
they
can
put
it
through
a
machine
and
make
what
would
be
like
molding
pieces
for
like
interior,
architectural
accents
and
picture
frames.
But
some
of
the
material
also
is
just
like
a
weird
shape
or
was
used
on
a
stage
set,
and
so
it's
just
not.
R
They
can't
recycle
that.
So
there
was
a
large
amount
of
material
for
me
to
work
with.
So
this
is
like
the
corner
of
my
studio,
where
I've
gathered
up
some
things
that
you
can
see
later
became
the
sculptures
oops,
and
this
is
the
piece
that
I
have
in
the
library
next
door.
So
I
used
a
you
know,
a
recycled,
cardboard
tube
and
you
know
made
the
shape
and
that
base
is
a
found
wooden
column,
which
makes
me
kind
of
sad.
R
So
I
would
I
found
a
lot
of
paper
there
in
the
Stream
and
I
used
Recology,
it's
probably
recycled
paper
cutter
that
they
found
also
to
make
little
bits
and
pieces,
and
then
I
made
this
glue.
Slurry
and
then
I
would
apply
it
to
the
styrofoam
and
allow
it
to
harden.
So
this
is
what
it
looks
like
after
the
material
has
been
applied
and
it
already
looked
kind
of
Rocky,
so
I
didn't
do
a
lot
of
sanding
to
it.
R
But
you
could
sand
down
this
material
and
make
it
quite
smooth,
so
I
have
several
other
like
and
then
afterwards,
I
I
faux
painted
it
so
that
it
looked
like
Stone.
So
these
are
with
like
found
acrylic
paint,
so
at
Recology
they
do
separate
out
art
materials
when
they
find
them.
So
artists
can
go
and
kind
of
look
in
a
giant
bin
for
oil
paint
or
acrylics.
So
that's
how
I
made
the
piece
here,
but
this
is
another
example.
You
can
see.
R
This
is
like
they're
looking
at
a
picture
frame
that
leads
into
a
hole
in
the
wall
and
inside
was
this
beauty
links
and
in
this
diorama
women
approach
the
beauty
Sphinx
to
find
out
the
secret
to
true
beauty,
and
then
they
get
riddled
like
kind
of
a
dumb
Beauty
question
like
in
this
case
it
says,
is
it
proper
to
wear
chapstick
under
lipstick
and
the
women
who
visit
this
beauty?
Sphinx
always
get
it
wrong
and
then
they
die.
R
So
it
was
like
a
video
of
these,
like
women
approaching
the
Sphinx
over
and
over
again
here's
another
Sphinx
related
to
Beauty.
This
one
is
the
very
rough
stages,
and
then
this
is
what
it
looked
like
when
it
was
done.
I
I
didn't
even
bother
paper
macheing
this
one
I
just
like
painted
it
and
allowed
like
the
texture
of
the
styrofoam
to
simulate
Rock.
R
So
you
know
I
say
that
this
was
a
maquette
for
a
larger
sphinxes
that
were
found
at
the
time
when
they
wanted
to
kind
of
upgrade
the
beauty
trends
on
their
Sphinx,
as
they
would
like
work
on
this
maquette
before
applying
it
to
the
large
Stone
sphinxes
and
then
in
this
final
image.
This
is
a
Again
The
Garden
of
disgrace
patriarchal
monuments.
R
So
the
piece
on
the
left
is
a
varilitos
Vaz
and
so
virulatos
is
like
Latin
for
virility,
and
that
was
a
large
piece
of
foam
with
paper
mache
on
it
and
then
the
mansplaining
and
marble-like
sculpture
and
back,
which
has
a
text
always
on
top
on
the
base
of
it,
was
made
with
construction
adhesive
applied
to
the
out
side
and
to
make
kind
of
a
smooth,
matte
texture
that
I
also
faux
painted.
In
the
background,
there
are
bits
of
plastic
like
okay,
not
like
a
ton
of
plastic.
R
R
I
like
took
all
these
materials
back
with
me
after
the
residency
and
we'll
be
using
some
of
these
fake
flowers
and
and
leaves,
and
such
in
an
upcoming
show
I'm
having
at
the
new
Museum
Los
Gatos
in
July,
so
I
continue
to
use
the
materials
that
I
found
from
this
one
event,
and
so
that's
it
for
me.
Thank
you.
R
Okay,
those
are
two
very
good
questions.
So
the
first
question:
the
first
was
a
compliment.
Thank
you
that
it
looks
like
marble
and
I
actually
have
a
stone
consultant,
so
I
I
hired
an
expert
who
makes
rock
formations
and
she
made
them
for
the
Oakland
Museum
of
California
and
I
said:
I
need
to
learn
how
to
make
fake
rock
look
right.
R
So
she's
someone
that
I
worked
with
before,
and
so
she
gave
me
some
tips
on
how
to
make
fake
marble
and
what
colors
to
use
and
even
gave
me
a
recipe
for
like
pigeon
poop,
which
I
like
didn't,
really
apply
very
much
of,
but
use
zinc
white
instead
of
titanium
white.
The
second
question
is:
can
is
this
a
hobby
for
me
or
can
I
support
myself
through
the
work?
So
it's
it's
not
a
hobby.
R
It's
my
whole
career
is
based
on
being
a
professional
artist,
but
I
do
teach
so
I
teach
at
Santa,
Clara,
University
and
I
teach
how
to
make
things
on
the
computer
and
also
printmaking
so
actually
not
sculpture.
Although
this
show
is
really
all
sculpture
and
so
I
I
think
I
invest
a
lot
of
Life
energy
into
this,
and
if
I
don't
make
work,
I
can't
have
my
job.
So
it's
a
fully
integrated
together
and
most
of
my
works,
though,
are
not
available
in
commercial
galleries.
R
E
S
S
While
we're
doing
that,
I
just
want
to
also
follow
up
on
what
Kathy
was
saying
and
say
how
happy
I
am
to
be
here
and
to
say
how
honored
I
am
to
be
here
representing
Recology,
and
you
know
this
question
about
making
a
living
off
of
art.
It's
it's
a
huge
struggle
to
be
an
artist,
especially
in
the
Bay
Area,
where
it's
so
expensive,
and
it's
incredible.
S
You
know
it
just
takes
a
few
institutions
to
really
sustain
artists
and
keep
culture
locally
and
Recology
does
an
incredible
job
of
doing
that
by
providing
Opportunity
by
providing
material
space.
Space
is
a
big
issue
in
the
Bay
Area
and
providing
a
livable
wage.
You
know,
while
you're
in
Residence
there
so,
and
they
also
do
a
great
job
of
continuing
to
be
in
community
with
their
artists.
You
know
Deborah
invited
me
here
to
to
share
work
with
you
guys
and
talk
with
you
all.
S
Hopefully
so,
unlike
a
lot
of
the
artists
in
residents
who
come
to
Recology,
I've
actually
been
working
with
discarded
materials
and
specifically
single-use
plastics
for
a
very,
very
long
time
in
my
work.
So
this
could
be
a
very
long
lecture,
I'll
keep
it
short,
but
I
could
keep
going,
and
but
there
are
so
many
ways
that
that
it
changed
being
at
Recology.
S
So
I'm
going
to
start
with
talking
about,
or
with
this
quote
by
Gregory
Bateson,
because
I
think
this
quote
kind
of
points
to
both
issues
around
waste
management
and
how
we
deal
with
the
essentially
the
byproducts
of
contemporary
capitalist
consumer
materials,
but
also
about
the
shift
of
Consciousness.
That
I
think
that
we
really
need
to
embrace
if
we're
going
to
move
forward
into
a
future.
That's
livable
for
us
all,
so
you
decide
that
you
want
to
get
rid
of
the
byproducts
of
a
human
life
and
that
Lake
Erie
will
be
a
good
place.
S
S
So
a
lot
of
my
work
comes
down
then,
to
what
is
it
to
live
in
this
moment?
That
is
kind
of
insane
to
to
know
that
we,
you
know,
I've
been
making
plastic
making
work
on
plastic
for
over
15
years
15
years
ago.
We
know
about
the
great
garbage
patch.
We
knew
about
the
failures
in
recycling,
so
so
what
is
it
to
be
be
here
at
this
time?
S
S
Think
that's
where
we're
at
in
recognizing,
where
things
are
at
with
with
climate
change,
it's
hard
to
enjoy
a
sunny
day
like
this,
without
seeing
that
so
clearly,
but
kind
of
on
a
lighter
note,
we
still
have
so
much
Beauty,
there's
such
a
beautiful
world
that
we
still
have
and
being
at
Recology
I
was
really
struck
by
how
beautiful
it
is
out
there.
You
know
it's
so
strange.
You
wouldn't
think
the
place
that
houses
are
dump
would
be
such
a
gorgeous
place,
but
it
really
is,
and
so
I
started
like
researching.
S
Why
is
that
and
started
researching
the
history
of
the
land
there
and
I
found
out
that
the
area
with
that
Recology
is
on
is
home
to
this
snake?
This
is
the
San
Francisco
garter
snake.
It's
considered
one
of
the
most
beautiful
snakes
in
the
world
and
so
and
it
it
it
lives
right
here
it
is
endangered
and
so
I
started
making
a
drawing
of
it
on
this
plastic,
this
thrown
out
plastic
container
or
package,
and
you
know
the
outgoing
artist
in
Residence
was
like
okay.
S
Just
those-
and
it
was
this
like
Awakening
like
okay.
This
is
how
this
works.
This
is
really
this.
Is
this
okay,
I
guess,
that's
that's
what
I'm
doing,
and
so
that's
kind
of
faded
out,
but
I
made
a
lot
of
drawings
of
this
snake,
as
well
as
the
the
the
whole
ecology
around
Recology
in
this
one.
You,
you
can't
see.
Well,
it's
a
little
blown
out,
but
my
hand
is
crawling
inside
of
that
plastic
bag
and
I'm
kind
of
caressing.
S
The
snake
which
sort
of
in
turn
crosses
me
and
you
know,
I,
make
drawings
on
plastic
and
then
they
become
sculptures
and
then
they
become
videos.
But
Recology
was
really
amazing
because
the
video
the
videos
became
sculptures
in
themselves
and
thinking
about
the
totality
of
the
materials
that
we're
using
and
being
kind
of
honest
about
those.
So
I
made
a
lot
of
drawings
of
the
San
Francisco
garter,
snake
and
I
was
thinking
a
lot
when
I
was
there
about
precarity
connectivity
entanglements
and
this
is
kind
of
an
install
shot
and
started
researching.
S
S
It's
a
place,
I
highly
recommend
you
visit,
but
it's
a
it's
been
written
about
by
EO
Wilson,
as
one
of
the
biological
hot
spots
of
the
planet
turns
out,
it's
intimately
tied
to
the
it's
intimately
tied
to
Recology
and
the
history
of
that
land
as
being
a
Dumping
Ground,
because
back
in
the
40s,
that
area
was
not
developed
because
of
a
historical
dumping.
In
that
area.
S
There
was
a
stench
that
came
off
of
it
that
kept
developers
at
Bay
long
enough
for
The
Endangered,
Species
Act
to
be
established
in
1972
and
then
for
them
to
find
that
there
are
all
of
these
endangered
butterflies
up
on
that
mountain.
So,
in
a
strange
way,
sort
of
the
worst
of
us
is
saving
the
best
of
us.
In
this.
S
So
those
are
flowers
growing
out
of
microwave
and
then
I
was
thinking
a
lot
about
precarity
and
I
wanted
the
installation,
this
sort
of
micro,
ecology
that
I
made
to
feel
like
it
could
just
blow
away
at
any
minute,
and
so
each
of
these
sculptures,
however,
they
all
have
very
detailed
drawings
on
them.
That's
the
California
red-legged
frog,
which
is
actually
what
the
the
San
Francisco
garter
snake
eats.
So
again,
that's
a
drawing
on
plastic
in
each
of
those.
S
You
know
that
show
again.
I'm
growing
things
out
of
it,
and
you
know
my
later
work
since
that
has
really
been
informed
by
this
sort
of
entangled
installation,
aesthetic,
so
I
think
you
can
see
that
here
there
are
some
drawings
of
grizzly
bear
paws
in
there
there's
also
lots
of
drawings
of
acorns.
This
is
a
different
installation.
S
How
do
we
navigate
this
and
I
want
to
highlight
here?
The
historically
a
byproduct
of
because
a
lot
of
these
oil
companies,
they
know
that
it's
the
end
of
it's
the
end
of
fossil
fuels,
so
they're
pushing
Plastics
and
they're,
actually
in
single-use
Plastics
and
they're,
actually
making
oil
refineries
just
for
the
purpose
of
single-use
plastics
and
the
pandemic
has
only
accelerated
that.
S
So
how
do
we
navigate
the
tension
between
possibility
and
Desperation?
You
know,
I
think
those
are
sort
of
the
times,
because
we
do
have
such
a
beautiful
world
that
we
can
still
save
so
again.
These
are
these
are
plants
that
I'm
growing
as
sculptures
within
my
installations
and
they're
all
Native
species,
totally
drought,
tolerant
they
feed
local
ecologies,
and
one
thing
we've
learned
is
that
you
know
regenerating
soil.
Health
is
one
way
that
we
can
really
directly
sequester
carbon.
S
You
know
here
we
are
Cupertino,
it's
the
center
of
Technology,
but
the
technologies
that
we
really
have
that
we
can
put
to
scale
are
the
ones
that
we've
always
had
so
again.
This
is
one
of
those
sculptures
in
full
bloom
and
there
it
is,
you
know,
after
its
life
cycle,
you
know,
I
want
to
highlight
that
microplastics
have
now
been
found
in
human
blood.
They've
been
found
in
the
bottom
of
our
oceans.
S
It's
such
an
amazing
thing-
and
you
know
the
nitrogen
cycle
disruption
is
is,
is
is
a
sister
to
the
carbon
cycle,
and
if
we
can,
if
we
can
have
long
deep
roots-
and
we
can
have
better
soil,
we
can
we
can
get
through
this
and
compost
is
a
way
and
think
on.
Recology
does,
you
know,
have
City
compost,
because
that
is
a
way
to
make
recycling
real
and
a
reality.