►
Description
Cartographer’s Stage - high level concepts and data to help us navigate the next age of coordination.
Sky Minert (https://twitter.com/sminert ) from DXdao (https://twitter.com/DXdao_ ) and (https://twitter.com/Meta_Cartel ) talks about the possible single points of failure in the Ethereum space and why building unconquerable products matters. Watch his reflections on how to make the ecosystem more secure and resistant to hacks.
A
We
have
an
issue
in
this
space,
and
so
my
talk
is
on
building
unconquerable
products
and
the
reason
is
in
the
ethereum
space.
We,
you
know
ethereum,
we
we
believe
is
this
unconquerable
layer
that
we're
building
for
the
world
and
the
runs
on
the
internet
and
we're
making
the
assumption
that
most
of
the
things
that
we
build
on
top
of
ethereum
are
and
have
the
same
properties
as
ethereum
and
are
unstoppable
and
are
unconquerable
and
our
censorship
resistant.
A
And
what
we
actually
find
is
that
if
you
look
at
many
of
the
products
in
the
space,
there's
weak
points
like
throughout
the
entire
process
and
those
weak
points
can
be
attacked
either
by
hackers,
by
malicious
people
by
governments
and
by
yeah
other
other
counterparties,
and
so
this
yeah.
This
is
to
get
a
little
bit
into
the
details
of
why
this
matters,
and-
and
hopefully
you
can
learn
something
good
morning.
A
A
A
Government
shutting
things
down
because
they
can
yeah,
and
so
we
think
we're
building
on
conquerable
products,
but
clearly
we're
not
right,
and
so
most
of
the
reasons
why
those
things
were
were
there
were
problems
is
because
of
yeah.
The
weak
points
are
centralization,
and
so
this
is
a
definition
of
of
conquer
to
gain
Mastery
over
or
win
by
overcoming
obstacles
or
opposition.
So
how
do
you?
How
do
you
achieve
something?
That's
the
opposite
of
conquerable.
A
You
basically
have
to
create
obstacles
and
opposition
so
that
people
can't
come
and
take
over
your
products
or
attack
them
and
the
only
way
that
we've
figured
out
so
far
to
do
this
is
by
a
decentralization
and
this
term.
Decentralization
as
a
defense
mechanism
is
is
very
important
and
it's
probably
the
only
it's
hard
to
explain
why
decentralization
matters,
but
it's
easy
to
pinpoint
all
these
points
of
failure
that
are
centralized,
and
so
the
opposite
of
that,
like.
A
A
A
Ethereum
is
the
one
that
most
people
here
have
chosen
to
dedicate
their
time
to
and
build
on
and
yeah
and
and
run
with
there.
There
may
be
others,
and
there
are
maybe
other
ones
in
the
future,
but
we
know
that
when
we
deploy
things
on
ethereum
we've,
it's
pretty
much
immutable
code,
so
we're
we're
comfortable
with
that.
Theoretically,
ethereum
could
be
attacked
and
then
what
we,
what
we
needed
was
kind
of.
A
What
this
whole
event
is
is
based
on,
is
Dao's
and
so
ways
to
coordinate
in
a
decentralized
manner
with
strangers
on
the
internet
around
the
world
through
tools
that
we've
built
and
and
there's
tons
of
tools
that
make
up
this
space.
This
is
what
allows
us
to
coordinate,
and
without
this
we
wouldn't
be
able
to
move
move
past.
This
is
a
this
is
a
really
special
yeah
product
in
in
public
good.
That
exists,
ens,
ethereum,
name
service.
A
This
is
another
great
one
ipfs
which
I
recently
learned
like
is
actually
made.
It's
called
interplanetary
because
they
were
thinking
of
like
when
we
have
civilizations
on
Mars
and
we
like
are
moving
back
and
forth.
We
need
to
like
be
able
to
transfer
information
in
like
a
reliable,
Safe
Way
like
between
planets,
which
is
super
cool.
A
However,
your
files,
the
system
is,
you
know
this
is
kind
of
it's
not
incentivized
people
put
stuff
on
ipfs.
You
need
to
make
sure
they're
pinned
that
they
don't
yeah.
There's
a
there's,
a
there's.
Some
needs
there.
There
are
incentivized
layers
like
file
coin,
which
can
be
built
on
top
to
incentivize
it
better,
but
ipfs
allows
you
to
post
things
in
a
in
a
decentralized
manner.
A
Code
storage,
as
we
saw
with
tornado
cash,
you
know
people
that
use
GitHub
and
centralized
people
can
take
rebos
down.
Theoretically,
we
would
love
if
yeah
things
like
radical
and
there's
a
new
one
called
Source,
but
if
people
yeah,
if
people,
if
developers,
have
the
option
to
store
their
code,
not
in
centralized
places
and
still
coordinate
on
that,
that's
a
that's
a
really
important
part
of
building
anything
because
the
code
we
want
to
make
sure
everyone
has
access
to
that
code.
A
B
A
Is
important,
unconquerable
code,
so
products
if
we
built
yeah,
we,
ideally
we
want
the
code
to
be
unstoppable
as
well.
If
we
have
many
times
where
the
hacks
are
because
there's
problems
or
weaknesses
in
the
code
solidity,
all
this
stuff
is
very
new.
It's
there
are
weaknesses
that
continue
to
get
taken
advantage
of.
There's
programs
like
hats,
finance
and
a
handful
of
other
bug,
Bounty
programs
to
work
on
getting
your
code
better,
so
that
there's
fewer
reasons
to
to
attack
it
or
it's
fewer
possibilities
to
attack
it,
and
then
privacy.
A
A
So
here
yeah
a
couple
bumps
like
we've
seen
with
tornado
cash.
Even
if
you
know
government
says
certain
people
in
the
world
can't
use
it.
You
can
you
know
it's
running
on
ethereum.
We
can
all
we
can,
theoretically
all
access
it.
They
make
it
really
hard
by.
You
know,
rpcs
that
we
normally
use
to
reach
it
blocking
it.
Even
relators
that
get
us
to
eat
domains
will
censor
it,
and
so
censorship
is
a
very
big
problem
in
the
space.
A
Your
front
end
one
there's,
there's
a
couple:
there's
two
possibilities
right
now,
so
liquidity
is
one
example
where
they
just
created
a
whole
bunch
of
front
ends
that
they've
kind
of
you
know,
given
a
tick
mark
to
and
said
you
can
use
our
protocol
through
any
of
these
15
front
ends.
However,
a
lot
of
people
aren't
comfortable
with
this.
You
could
have
random
hashes
of
front
ends
and
it's
it's
very
uncomfortable
to
use.
A
So
you
probably
like
pick
the
favorite
one
you
have
and
that's
the
one
you
that
trust
the
most,
but
you
can
fit
theoretically
decentralize
your
your
your
your
product
by
having
Mini
front
ends
to
the
protocol,
but
people
can
make
fake
ones
and
if
people
use
those
that's
a
problem.
Thank
you
and
we
also
need
to
solve
this
problem.
At
the
end
of
the
day,
we
we
really
need
everyone
in
the
space
to
run
their
own
nodes,
and
so
that
that
includes
for
ethereum.
That
includes
for
ipfs.
A
We
need
to
resolve,
like
ideally
resolve
to
dns's,
like
from
using
your
own
nodes,
there's
the
popular
ones
like
dap,
node
and
avato
and
yeah.
So
that's
all
background,
and
so
what
I
call
here
is
PGE,
a
pretty
good
example
taken
from
pretty
good
privacy,
pgp
and
so
there's
yeah.
There's
a
few
organizations
in
the
space.
The
xdao
is
a
big
one.
Shapeshift
is
in
on
this
path
as
well,
where
we
want
these
products
to
be
yeah
fully
owned
by
decentralized
collectives.
A
A
It
has
do
your
self
farming,
you
can
Bridge
across
teams,
and
you
can
vote
on
governance,
and
so
the
question
is:
is
swapper.eath
an
unconquerable
product
and
so
we're
gonna
look
into
it
just
a
bit,
and
so
the
actual
product
is
owned
by
DX
Dao,
which
is
this
Sovereign
Collective
that
has
been
operating
in
a
decentralized
manner
for
for
about
three
years
now
it
lives
on
the
ethereum
blockchain.
It
uses
non-transferable
governance
power
which
is
kind
of
an
alternative
to
liquid
token
governance,
which
many
defy
projects
use.
A
The
only
way
you
can
get
reputational
governance
power
is
by
contributing
value
to
the
Dow,
and
so
there
are
yeah
there's
over
450
addresses
that
have
this,
this
governance
power
and
so
you're
kind
of
making
the
assumption
that
this
this
is
a
decent.
This
Collective
is
decentralized
enough
that
it
could
withstand
a
tax.
You
know
attacks
on
it
from
a
governance
perspective.
A
The
back
end
is
the
contracts
are
deployed
on
ethereum
gnosis
chain
and
arbitrary.
Just
like
uniswap
mini
pieces
of
the
code
are
actually
immutable,
like
the
pools
of
the
lp
pools
are
already
Unstoppable.
You
know
uniswap
built
that
for
a
reason,
and
then
there
are
some
pieces
that
can
be
upgraded
or
controlled
or
the
fees
can
be
directed
to
other
places
or
to
you
know
the
where
the
fees
are
going
can
be
changed
and
those
pieces
are
controlled
by
the
actual
Dow
via
a
dow
proposal.
A
Yeah
it
uses
ens,
and
so
the
way
you
go
to
this
product
is
you
don't
go
to
swapper.com?
You
actually
have
to
get
to
swapper.heath
and
what
you
need
to
get
to
is
this
latest
version,
so
DX
dial
says
the
latest
version
of
swapper
is
the.
Is
this
hash
on
on
ipfs?
That's
this
ipfs
hash
right
here
and
as.
D
A
A
The
community
will
propose
an
updated
version
and
then
someone
in
the
community
will
make
a
proposal
to
the
Dow,
and
then
you
know,
members
of
the
community
will
verify
that
the
new
front
end
as
expected
as
deploy
as
developed
by
the
Dow
on
IPS
developed
by
developers
on
ibfs,
is
the
actual
hash
that
is
being
re-input
to
ens
by
the
actual
dial
proposal,
and
that
proposal
is
voted
on
over
a
seven
day
period.
And
when
it's
executed.
A
Swapper.Ies
then
points
to
the
new
version
of
the
front
end
and
so
yeah
there's
these
are,
as
I
mentioned,
there's
a
few
ways
you
can
get
to
swapper.east
the
actual
hash
directly
through
these
Services
through
metamask
or
resolving
yourself
if
you
run
an
ipfs
node,
and
so
this
yeah.
This
raises
a
question
like,
and
this
can
be
you
know
if
we
can
ask
yeah.
We
can
open
this
up
if
there's
any
questions,
but
how
unconquerable
is
swapper.
A
Does
anyone
yeah
this
is
close
yeah,
it's
close
to
the
end
of
the
presentation
and
I
hope
that
helpful.
There
are
a
handful
of
entities
in
the
space,
as
I
mentioned,
like
shapeshift,
DX,
Dow
and
a
few
others.
Obviously
like
tornado
cash,
you
can
get
to
it.
There
are
ipfs
hashes
that
allow
you
to
get
to
the
tornado
cash
front
end,
but
most
Pro,
most
D5
products
in
the
space.
A
Are
you
know,
websites
controlled
by
companies,
often
in
the
US
things
like
uniswap
sensor
like
clearly
like,
like
yeah,
publicly
sensor
many
things
on
their
website.
They
also
send
as
much
as
your
information
when
you're
using
their
front
end
to
different
third-party
companies,
which
obviously
could
go
to
the
government.
They
censor
tokens,
so
they
they
because
they're,
you
know
they
have
to
follow
certain
rules.
They
are
a
New
York
entity.
They
are
basically
obliged
to
do
these
things
that
are
they're
being
told
to
do
so.
A
A
E
C
E
A
A
Since
then,
it
has
has
inflated
to
about
2
million
units
so
like
100
inflation
and
those
new
units
of
governance
have
gone
to
members
of
the
community,
either
regular
contributors
community
members
in
the
Discord.
Anyone
that's
contributed
value
to
the
Dow
and
via
proposal.
You
have
to
basically
obviously
there's
a
proposal
process
like
you
put
in
the
Forum
first
and
stuff,
but
you
end
up
doing
a
proposal
to
the
Dow
and
the
Dow.
A
If
that
passes
means
your
reputation,
and
so
there
are
some
guidelines
for
contributors
where,
over
time,
if
you're
like
a
full-time
contributor
for
a
month,
it's
0.16
percent
of
the
total
reputation
so
effectively
as
you
contribute
as
a
like
regular
worker.
Over
time
you
start
to
build
up
your
reputation
and
your
governance,
it's
kind
of
like
Sweat,
Equity
governance.
A
You
know
it's
not
Equity.
We
don't
have
Securities
or
anything,
but
is
you
build
up
your
governance
power
through
contribution
of
value,
and
so
actually
many
of
the
the
original
holders
of
governance
slowly
get
diluted
away,
because
if
you're
not
contributing
your
Governor's
power,
slowly
shrinks.
So
it's
like
a
Decay,
but
it
you.
A
The
idea
is
to
give
more
governance
to
the
more
recent
people
that
are
contributing
value
and
this
idea
of
non-liquid
token
governance
is
becoming
far
more
popular
these
days,
especially
since,
like
the
soul
bound
token
paper
and
things,
it
makes
sense
that
you
it's
very
risky
to
have.
You
know
all
of
your
governance,
just
dependent
on
like
a
liquid
token
like
because
if
you
have
a
lot
of
money,
you
can
just
buy
all
the
tokens
and
basically
force
a
decision,
and
so
there's
probably
some
balance
DX.
A
That
does
have
a
plan
for
governance
2.0,
which
is
actually
a
combination
of
reputational
based
governance
plus
liquid
token
governance
in
some
formula.
But
we
you
know
Malik
Dallas
also
use
share-based
governance,
you
really
when
you're
creating
a
Dao
when
you're
growing
it
down
when
you're
launching
a
dow.
You
really
don't
want
to
put
your
Dow
in
a
situation
where
someone
with
a
lot
of
money
can
just
take
it
over
or
make
the
big
decisions
so,
but
but
we
do
have
a
yeah
like
in
general.
A
You
start
to
you,
want
more
distribution,
so
DXL
has
a
goal
to
get
governance
power
across
way,
more
contributors
in
the
space
and
like
the
the
actual
governance
system,
which
is
made
by
Dow
stack,
uses
holographic
consensus,
which
is
actually
built
to
scale
to
hundreds
or
thousands
or
maybe
even
tens
of
thousands
of
people.
And
if
you,
if
you
actually
started
building
successful
products
and
grew
and
had
Revenue
theoretically,
this
could
become
like
an
enormous
organization
in
the
world
like
like,
theoretically
one
of
the
biggest.
If,
if
you
figured
out
scalable
governance,
yeah.
D
A
Yeah
so
more,
we
need
more
actual
real
decentralization
in
the
space,
because
that
is
what
creates
Unstoppable
now,
if
the
government
just
like
makes
like
we
say,
Bitcoin
and
ethereum
are
like
pretty
decentralized,
but
if
the
government,
if
a
government
one
government,
says
it's
illegal
to
hold
Bitcoin,
that
becomes
a
problem
right
so
decentralization
now.
The
cool
thing
is
these.
This
is
not
like
gold,
but
this
thing
exists
all
around
the
world.
So
I,
don't
think
all
governments
are
going
to
say:
Bitcoin
is
illegal.
A
We
can
use
multi-six
and
then
is
decentralization
hard.
Yes
does
every
decision
need
to
be
made
by
the
Dow?
No,
so
Dows
also
need
to
get
really
good
at
delegation,
and
so
Dallas
are
going
through
this,
especially
in
the
bear
Market.
We
need
to
be
able
to
give
immediate,
fast
power
to
smaller
teams
that
can
experiment
and
then
deliver
back
to
the
Dow,
and
if
they
fail,
then
they
don't
get
another
chance
and
you
can
move
fast
that
way,
but
the
daily
day
the
big
decisions
still
by
a
government,
decentralized
governance,
I
think.
A
A
Since
then,
it
has
has
inflated
to
about
2
million
units
so
like
100
inflation
and
those
new
units
of
governance
have
gone
to
members
of
the
community,
either
regular
contributors
community
members
in
the
Discord.
Anyone
that's
contributed
value
to
the
Dow
and
via
proposal.
You
have
to
basically
obviously
there's
a
proposal
process
like
you
put
in
the
Forum
first
and
stuff,
but
you
end
up
doing
a
proposal
to
the
Dow
and
the
Dow.
A
If
that
passes
means
your
reputation,
and
so
there
are
some
guidelines
for
contributors
where,
over
time,
if
you're
like
a
full-time
contributor
for
a
month,
it's
0.16
percent
of
the
total
reputation
so
effectively
as
you
contribute
as
a
like
regular
worker.
Over
time
you
start
to
build
up
your
reputation
and
your
governance,
it's
kind
of
like
Sweat,
Equity
governance.
A
You
know
it's
not
Equity
like
these
people,
don't
have
Securities
or
anything.
But
is
you
build
up
your
governance
power
through
contribution
of
value,
and
so
actually
many
of
the
the
original
holders
of
governance
slowly
get
diluted
away,
because
if
you're
not
contributing
your
governance,
power
slowly
shrinks.
So
it's
like
a
Decay,
but
it
you.
A
The
idea
is
to
give
more
governance
to
the
more
recent
people
that
are
contributing
value
and
this
idea
of
non-liquid
token
governance
is
becoming
far
more
popular
these
days,
especially
since,
like
the
soul
bound
token
paper
and
things,
it
makes
sense
that
you
it's
very
risky
to
have.
You
know
all
of
your
governance,
just
dependent
on
like
a
liquid
token
like
because
if
you
have
a
lot
of
money,
you
can
just
buy
all
the
tokens
and
basically
force
a
decision,
and
so
there's
probably
some
balance.
A
Dx
fat
does
have
a
plan
for
governance
2.0,
which
is
actually
a
combination
of
reputational
based
governance
plus
liquid
token
governance
in
some
formula.
But
we
you
know
Malik
Dows
also
use
share-based
governance,
you
really
when
you're,
creating
a
Dao
when
you're
growing
it
down
when
you're
launching
it
down.
You
really
don't
want
to
put
your
Dao
in
a
situation
where
someone
with
a
lot
of
money
can
just
take
it
over
or
make
the
big
decisions
so,
but
but
we
do
have
yeah
like
in
general.
A
You
start
to
you,
want
more
distribution,
so
DXL
has
a
goal
to
get
governance
power
across
way,
more
contributors
in
the
space
and
like
the
the
actual
governance
system,
which
is
made
by
dial
stack,
uses,
holographic
consensus,
which
is
actually
built
to
scale
to
hundreds
or
thousands
or
maybe
even
tens
of
thousands
of
people.
And
if
you,
if
you
actually
started
building
successful
products
and
grew
and
had
Revenue.
Theoretically,
this
could
become
like
an
enormous
organization
in
the
world
like
like,
theoretically
one
of
the
biggest.
If,
if
you
figured
out
scalable
governance,
yeah
difference.
D
A
Yeah
so
more,
we
need
more
actual
real
decentralization
in
the
space,
because
that
is
what
creates
Unstoppable
now,
if
the
government
just
like
makes
like
we
say,
Bitcoin
and
ethereum
are
like
pretty
decentralized,
but
if
the
government,
if
a
government
one
government,
says
it's
illegal
to
hold
Bitcoin,
that
becomes
a
problem
right
so
decentralization
now.
The
cool
thing
is
these.
This
is
not
like
gold,
where
this
thing
exists
all
around
the
world,
so
I,
don't
think
all
governments
are
going
to
say:
Bitcoin
is
illegal.