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From YouTube: Panel: Rethinking Public Sector through Blockchain- Bobbi Muscara, Saptarshi Choudhury, Sean O'Kelly
Description
Panel: Rethinking Public Sector through Blockchain - Bobbi Muscara, Ledger Academy; Saptarshi Choudhury, Paramount Software Solutions; Sean O'Kelly, Former Public Sector CIO
Governments' and other public sector entities core function is to act on behalf of society to create the laws and rules that must be followed, and to ensure that they are being followed. It is foundationally necessary for governments to have access to accurate, relevant, and complete information in order to fulfill these responsibilities, which is why governments possess legal, regulatory, and judicial mechanisms to compel the truth from all societal participants.
This authority uniquely positions governments' as validators of truth and custodians of trusted information. Emerging technologies continually provide new capabilities that enable creativity and the rethinking of existing processes, interactions, and models. While all emerging technologies will play a role in the public sector, blockchain will certainly be among the most consequential, because of its specific role as a facilitator, validator, and custodian of trusted information.
This technology promises to enable governments' and other public sector entities to interact with societal participants within a larger ecosystem, or fabric, which will break down traditional public-private silos and provide completely new approaches toward governance.The key components of this ecosystem are a) identity (real world items of value (assets) that can be represented digitally), b) interactions (traceability of transactions), c) regulatory compliance (the embedded laws, rules, and contracts that should be followed), and d) governance (the creation, maintenance, and operation of the ecosystem).
----
Hyperledger – Open Source Blockchain Technologies
Hyperledger is an open source community focused on developing a suite of stable frameworks, tools and libraries for enterprise-grade blockchain deployments.
It serves as a neutral home for various distributed ledger frameworks including Hyperledger Besu, Fabric, Sawtooth, Indy, as well as tools like Hyperledger Avalon, Cactus and libraries like Hyperledger Aries, Ursa. Learn more about Hyperledger projects: https://www.hyperledger.org/use
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Learn about Hyperledger Membership: https://www.hyperledger.org/about/join
#Hyperledger #HyperledgerGlobalForum2020 #Blockchain
A
Welcome
everybody
I
really
appreciate
your
time
and
willingness
to
listen
to
us
for
the
next
40
minutes,
or
so
my
name
is
Marta
P
carska,
I'm,
director
of
ecosystem
for
Hyper
ledger,
so
I
actually
work
for
the
Linux
Foundation
and
today
with
me.
I
have
three
pretty
amazing
panelists,
so
there
is
Bobby,
Sean
and
subterra.
She
and
I
will
ask
you
to
introduce
yourself
and
give
one
fun
fact
about
you.
B
All
right:
okay,
perfect
hi,
I'm,
Sean,
o
Kelley
I'm,
a
current
head
of
technology
for
our
rec
tech
company
called
Mei
meetings
and
events
international
in
Chicago
and
I
actually
just
started
that
role
recently,
but
prior
to
that
I
was
a
department
cio
at
the
state
of
Illinois
for
the
Department
of
Financial
and
Professional
Regulation,
so
I'm
very
familiar
with
the
public
sector.
Space
and
I've
been
contributing
the
hyper
ledger
now
for
about
two
years.
So
a
little
fun
fact
about
me.
C
I'm
Bobby
mascara
and
I'm,
the
director
of
education
for
a
company
called
Leger
Academy
and
in
the
hyper
ledger
world
I
am
the
chair
of
the
learning
materials
working
group,
which
tries
to
gather
all
the
wonderful
work
that
the
community
does
and
put
it
in
a
library.
So
people
know
where
it
is
a
fun
fact
about
me
is
I,
am
a
Master
Gardener
and
I
am
trying
to
develop
a
cold
hardy
crape
myrtle
that
will
live
in
my
home
state
of
new
jersey.
So
it's
a
project
that
I
work
on
every
season.
D
So
I
have
been
contributing
to
the
high-polish,
a
public
sector
with
Shaun
and
Bobby
for
the
last
couple
of
years
from
Jan
this
year,
I
have
started
sharing
this
hypo
larger
public
sector,
si
G
with
the
dr.
Hanna
norburg,
and
we
are
pretty
much
pleased
to
be
here
in
front
of
you
guys
and
I
also
work
with
paramount
on
the
emerging
technology
initiative
and
not
pretty
much
fun
fact,
but
I
love
tracking,
at
least
once
a
year.
A
Awesome,
thank
you
so
now,
if
you
don't
have
any
other
questions,
you
can
always
ask
our
panelists
about
their
fun
facts
so
as
use
of
thar
she
mentioned
this
submission.
This
talk
has
been
put
together
by
participants
of
the
public
sector,
special
interest
group,
so
Bobby.
Maybe
to
you,
would
you
tell
me
a
bit
more
about
what
is
public
sector
special
interest
group
and
in
general
special
interest
groups.
C
In
the
hyper
alleged
community,
there's
working
groups
and
special
interest
groups-
and
it's
an
online
community
where,
if
you
have
an
interest
in
any
of
these
sectors
or
in
the
development
of
those
specific
working
groups,
topics
you
can
join
them
and
they
have
calls
bi-weekly
where
anyone
can
join
and
contribute
this
working
groups
again.
The
learning
material
is
an
example
of
the
working
groups.
The
special
interest
groups
basically
do
cross
sectors
and
consortium
work
so
for
public
sector
I'm,
just
a
global
citizen.
C
That's
why
I'm
there
sean
has
some
credibility
with
the
state
of
Illinois
and
setar.
She
the
same
way
we're
not
experts,
but
we've
been
listening
to
the
most
interesting
presentations
because
for
some
reason,
the
public
sector
working
group
calls
get
the
governments
and
corporations
that
wanted
to
tell
us
what
they're
doing
so,
it's
interactive
insofar
as
the
environment
and
what's
happening
in
public
sector
today,.
A
D
Actually
started
walking
on
a
white
paper,
so
Bobby
Sean,
Alphonso
Kelly
and
some
of
our
folks
working
on
the
white
paper
and
as
Bobby
mentioned,
we
also
organize.
You
know
bi-weekly
presentation
from
people
all
over
the
world
like
we
are
focusing
right
now
on
creating
a
database
of
public
sector
projects
in
blockchain,
independent
of
whatever
technology
they
are
based
on
and
the
status
of
those
projects,
so
that
you
know
you
guys
can
have
a
glimpse
of
what
is
the
exact
progress
in
public
sector,
whether
it's
strategies,
policies
or
on
the
implementation
side
of
projects?
A
B
So,
throughout
the
last
couple
years,
as
we've
been
exploring
the
public
sector
space,
we
found
that
there
are
four
common
themes
that
keep
coming
up
over
and
over
and
over
again,
and
so
we
kind
of
view
the
public
sector
working
group,
its
treated
as
though
it's
this
monolith.
But
the
truth
is:
is
that
it's
almost
like
a
horizontal
that
touches
nearly
every
industry
vertical
that
is
regulated
in
any
way.
B
So
we
call
this
the
public
sector
working
group,
but
the
true
this
is
that
if
you
work
in
a
regulated
space
which
most
people
do,
the
the
public
sector
touches
you
in
some
way.
So
it
doesn't
matter
if
it's
financial
services,
insurance,
health
care,
energy,
transportation
supply
chain
it
goes
on
and
on
and
on
and
on,
and
so
what
we
found
are
the
common
themes.
Are
this?
The
four
common
themes?
B
First
is
identity
and
we
think
about
identity
in
the
broadest
sense,
and
we
talked
about
it
in
the
broadest
sense,
so
it
can
be
the
identity
of
an
individual
or
an
entity,
an
organization,
but
it
can
also
be
the
identity
of
any
other
thing
of
value
that
exists
in
the
real
world
that
you're
representing
digitally.
So
it
can
be
a
unit
of
measure
of
something
like
a
unit
of
something
that's
going
through
a
supply
chain.
B
B
So
that's
the
first
thing.
The
second
thing
is
generally
what
we're
calling
the
traceability
of
interactions,
and
so
what
you
find
over
and
over
again
is
once
you
identify
something
of
value.
Then
you,
you,
there's.
Usually
some
public
sector
requirement
to
trace
that
thing
through,
as
it
trans
acts
over
time,
so
again
doesn't
matter
in
a
sense.
If
it's
a
currency
or
a
piece
of
property
or
or
units
of
a
certain
thing
in
a
supply
chain,
there
may
be
regulatory
reasons
to
have
to
trace
something
through,
and
we
generally
refer
to
that
as
interactions
now.
B
B
And
so
the
question
is:
that's
really
a
reference
to
getting
those
rules
and
regulations
incorporated
into
a
mechanism
that
allows
for
the
tracing
the
traceability
that
that
is
usually
required
in
a
regulatory
in
a
regulated
space,
and
so
that
that's
referring
to
the
the
governments
that
are
coming
up
with
those
rules
and
regulations
and
then
finally,
the
fourth
major
theme
is
this
concept
of
governance,
and
so
this
is
the.
The
idea
of
governance
is
very
much
in
like
a
beginning
stages.
B
There
are
organizations
out
there
like
the
sovereign
foundation
that
are
really
that
have
really
put
in
quite
a
bit
of
work
around
governance.
But
what
they're
doing
is
is
a
is:
is
a
piece
of
sort
of
future
state?
Blockchain,
you
know
thinking
and
architecture,
I
think
there's
still
a
lot
more
work
that
needs
to
be
done
around
governance,
but
the
idea
what
governance
is
that
as
as
block
chains
evolve
and
they
develop
and
they
start
operating
in
the
real
world.
B
The
question
is
you're
going
to
have
different
roles
in
that
blockchain
you're
gonna
have
you're
gonna
have
participants
that
right
to
the
blockchain
you're
gonna
have
participants
that
our
reviewers,
our
verifiers,
you
need
to
build
consensus
toward
things
so,
as
those
participants
change
over
time,
how
do
you
govern?
Who
is
allowed
to
play
those
roles
and,
and
so
that,
there's
this
ongoing
trust
in
a
certain
blockchain?
So
those
are
at
a
high
level.
The
the
four
themes
that
we
have
found
in
the
public
sector
over
and
over
and
over
again
thank.
A
C
Again
with
the
public
sector,
the
phone
calls
that
were
privileged
to
be
a
part
of
we've
heard
from
the
Dutch
initiative
for
blockchain.
Their
approach
is
government,
education
and
businesses
working
together,
opening
up
their
records
because,
as
we
all
know,
public
sector
has
always
been
the
record
keeper,
the
initial
issuance
of
a
record
or
the
verification
of
a
record
starting
from
your
birth
certificate
on
all
the
way
through.
Basically,
your
identity
is
who
your
government
says.
You
are
and
then
listen
to
any
of
the
information
on
self
sovereign
identity.
C
First
of
all,
the
mayor
ran
on
a
platform
that
says
everyone
will
have
an
ID
in
New
York
by
2020,
New
Yorkers
don't
have
driver's
license,
they
don't
have
IDs
other
than
passports.
So
that's
something
they're
asking
the
blockchain
to
help
them
ID
their
citizens.
And
again
it
goes
through
that
theme
of
ID
and
identifying
things
goes
through.
All
of
the
public
sector.
Blockchain
initiatives.
A
D
Well
specific
to
regulations.
I
would
like
to
point
to
the
fact
not
on
a
use
case,
but
on
the
common
synergies
between
blockchain
and
the
regulatory
environment.
That's
you
know
evolving
with
time,
so
the
common
regulatory
environment
that
we
can
think
about
right
now
or
which
many
of
us
might
be
aware
of,
is
GDP
our.
So
when
GDP
are
came
in
you
know
execution
people
were
worried
like
what
is
going
to
be
the
future
of
blood
chain
with
GDP,
or
are
we
going
to
be
compliant
with
GDP
our
because,
as
per
you
know,
article
17?
D
You
have
the
right
to
be
forgotten.
Article
15
makes
you
you
know
the
data.
Subject,
the
EU
data
subject
to
be
aware
of
how
his
data
is
collected,
how
it
is
processed
or
if
it's
being
used
beyond
his
knowledge
or
for
some
of
the
purposes.
So
those
were
some
of
the
challenges
and
again
the
question
of
data
ownership.
So
what
blockchain?
Specifically
you
know
the
hyper
ledger
consortium
through
the
hydrologic
consortium
and
through
multiple
discussions
we
had
with
our
community
members
in
the
public
sector.
D
Si
G's
we
were
able
to
you
know,
come
out
with
some
specific
pointers
that
could
be
compliant
with
the
GD
P
R.
Let's
say,
I,
remember
the
triple
blind
model:
okay,
the
triple
blind
model.
It's
secured
key
technologies,
one
of
our
community
members,
so
they
came
up
with
the
concept
that
you
know
whenever
an
identity
is
issued,
the
attributes,
the
person
you
know
the
entity
who's
issuing
the
attributes
they
need
not
know
for
whom
the
attribute
is
issued,
the
person
or
the
subject.
D
Data
subject
for
whom
the
attribute
is
issued,
do
not
necessarily
need
to
know
who
has
issued
and
comes
the
third
part
of
the
infrastructure
player
like
secure,
key
IBM,
Oracle
or
elles
who
do
not
necessarily
need
to
know
about
the
entire
exchange
of
attributes.
So
it's
purely
compliant
with
GD
P
R,
because
you
are
not
taking
extracting
data
and
holding
it
within
your
own
ambit
for
some
professional
or
commercial
purposes.
So
that
is
one
specific
pointer
that
comes
to
me.
That.
A
B
I've
got
maybe
a
couple
I'll
mention,
so
the
department
I
worked
for
at
the
state.
One
of
the
things
that
it
regulates
is
for
all
financial
services
in
the
state
of
Illinois.
So
that's
all
all
community
banks,
credit
unions,
currency
exchanges,
payday
lending,
title
insurance,
kind
of
all
that
money
transmission
and
it
also
regulates
real
estate.
So
when
it,
what
so
I'll
talk
about
two
different
use
cases
that
kind
of
touch
both
of
those
things
in
in
real
estate?
B
The
kind
of
classic
idea
is
you:
you
have
identity
and
traceability
that
plays
out
both
without
both
of
those
things
play
out
in
real
estate.
So
you
have
the
identity
of
the
the
land
itself
that
is
under
consideration
for
transaction,
and
then
you
have
the
identity
of
all
of
the
individuals.
You
think
about
all
the
folks
that
are
involved
in
a
real
estate
transaction
right.
B
You
have
buyer
seller,
real
estate
agents
on
both
sides,
lawyers
on
both
sides,
you've
got
appraisers
and
home
inspectors,
you've
got
the
lender,
you've
got
title
insurance
and
then
eventually,
at
least
in
the
United
States
at
the
county
level,
you've
got
you've,
got
the
the
recorder
and
so
you've
got
this
whole
chain
of
things.
That
need
to
be
that
that,
where
there's
identity
involved
and
then
on
top
of
that,
you
have
exchanges
of
money.
B
So
you
could
argue
that
that
the
the
funds
themselves,
whether
you
want
to
call
them
a
cryptocurrency
or
a
digital
asset,
that
there's
an
identity
component
there
too.
But
now
you
you,
you
trace
that
those
real
estate
transactions
over
time,
that's
the
traceability
piece,
and
then
you
also
have
the
exchange
of
money
too.
So
that's
a
classic
example
of
how
of
how
you
have
identity
and
traceability
kind
of
happening,
both
at
the
same
time,
along
with
a
lot
of
regulation.
Obviously,
real
estate
transactions
are
fairly
regulated
space.
B
So
if
anybody's
bought
a
property,
you
know
exactly
what
I'm
talking
about
now
the
so
what?
How
can
the
blockchain
help
in
in
that
kind
of
transaction?
The
idea
is
someday
in
theory,
we're
not
there
yet
that
you
could
actually
buy
a
house
in
a
day
or
two
days,
all
the
way
through
to
it
being
recorded
from
end
to
end.
B
You
could
actually
imagine
that
if
you
were
able
to
go
online
and
find
a
house
and
just
buy
it
now
today,
it
typically
takes
thirty
to
sixty
days,
at
least
for
that
whole
process
to
play
out.
I
would
say:
that's
a
minimum
that
today,
and
so
so
the
amount
of
time
that
we
have
to
spend
to
ensure
that
these
things
are
happening
in
a
in
the
right
way
could
could
be
significantly
reduced.
So
that's
the
first
example
I
would
mention
that
I
had
direct
experience
with.
The
second
example
is
more
in
lending
and
financial
services.
B
Now
in
the
future,
what
is
anticipated
is
the
concept
of
peer-to-peer
lending,
so
so
today,
if
you
have
to
borrow
money
for
let's
just
focus
on
consumer
lending,
that
mortgage
lending
or
other
types
of
languages
consume
a
lot.
So
in
other
words,
if
you,
if
you
want
to
go,
buy
something
a
TV
today,
you
would
take
out
a
payday.
You
know,
if
you
needed
to
borrow
the
money,
you
would
use
your
credit
card
or
you'd
use
a
you
know,
even
a
payday
loan
I
suppose
you
could
use
there's
different
ways
to
get
to
you.
B
Can
you
have
sales
finance
and
you
have
sort
of
on-the-spot
lending,
but
that
that
is
happening
in
a
where,
where
you're
borrowing
that
money
from
an
institution
somewhere
in
theory
in
the
future
you
could
have
when
we
call
peer
to
peer
lending
where
individuals
are
actually
lending
to
that
person,
it
could
be
done
anonymously.
I'm,
not
saying
people
necessarily
know
who
they
are.
B
But
the
the
point
is:
is
that
the,
if
you're
sitting
in
the
middle,
if
you're
an
institution,
that's
sitting
in
mill
those
transactions
in
theory
someday
the
that
that
may
not
be
as
needed
as
it
is?
Today
we
used
those
institutions
like
community
banks
and
credit
unions,
to
help
us
with
trusts,
but
in
the
future.
A
E
Thank
you.
My
name
is
doubt
I'm
from
Indonesia
I'm,
so
glad
to
join
the
forum
and
I'm
so
excited
to
know
that
there's
a
special
group
regarding
the
public
sector
and
I
lead
a
bus
company
in
my
country
and
it's
the
capital
city
of
Indonesia,
the
Jakarta.
The
number
of
citizen
is
13
million
people
and
I
operate
3,000
buses
and
I
serve
1
million
passengers
a
day.
So
that's
about
the
whole
citizen
of
Phoenix
riding
a
bus
every
day.
So
in
the
last
four
years,
I
increase
the
number
of
passengers
from
200,000
to
1
million.
E
E
F
D
Of
all
I
think
you
might
be
interested
in
the
model
when
you
are
talking
about
the
transport
sector
in
Jakarta,
and
you
want
to
make
it
free
from
traffic
concession
and
also
serve
the
people
efficiently.
You
might
be
interested
to
look
into
the
Boston
model.
Boston
had
a
really
good
model
involving
IO,
T's
and
a
is
to
determine
the
routes.
The
specific
routes
through
which
the
bus
travels.
What
is
the
density
of
people
going
through
that?
So
I'm,
not
you
know,
jumping
into
blockchain.
Just
to
you
know,
market
blocks
into
you.
D
What
I'm
you
know
trying
to
position
is
what
exactly
might
be
the
precise
solution,
so
here
in
this
case,
you
might
be
interested
to
go
ahead
with
IO
T's
to
determine
the
density.
Okay,
you
can
use
GPS
devices,
but
that's
for
commercial,
individual
vehicles
for
buses.
You
need
to
know
how
many
people
exactly
boarded
the
bus,
how
many
people
go
out
of
a
bus
from
a
specific
point,
so
then
you
use
the
AI
okay
or
you
use
some
kind
of
data
model
to
determine
where
exactly
you
know.
D
You
have
more
density
of
people
because
it
can't
be
uniform
throughout
the
city.
There
are
some
points
where
it's
high
some
points
where
it
goes
low,
so
you
have
to
focus
on
those
specific
points
where
it's
high
and
the
next
part
will
be
to
you
know,
go
ahead
and
increase
the
number
of
buses
for
those
specific
routes.
So
that
way,
at
least
you
can
increase
the
efficiency
now,
where
does
blockchain
fit
in
this
model?
So
you
are
generating
data
from
different
sources.
D
One
part
of
data
is
being
generated
from
the
Coyotes,
the
other
is
you
are
using
some
sort
of
AI
beast
algorithm
or
some
you
are
making
some
data
model.
You
are,
you
know,
comparing
it
with
some
previous
data
to
see
that
there
is
authenticity,
so
you
need
to
store
those
facts
for
authentic
data
from
different
locations.
Okay,
it
need
not
be.
The
whole
data
is
under
your
control.
Okay,
the
different
points
from
which
your
buses
travel-
you
may
not
be
the
owner
of
the
entire
city
transport.
You
are
part
of
that,
so
it
comes.
E
D
Wonderful,
so
in
that
scenario
you
will
have
data
generated
from
the
private
bus
owners
as
well
as
you
might
have
some
government-owned
buses
as
well
right,
ok,
so
data
is
generated
from
multiple
sources
here,
because
you
want
to
give
some
flexibility
some
degree
of
control,
as
part
of
you,
know
a
democratic
system
or
process
to
those
individual
owners,
and
there
has
to
be
a
consensus.
It's
not
you're
imposing
something,
but
you
are
going
on
a
co-creation
value
creation
model.
So
whatever
data
is
being
you
know
generated
those
are
immutable
data.
D
You
store
the
specific
value
points
and
from
that
your
strategies
to
work
to
figure
out
what
basically
works
for
them.
So
blockchain
works
at
the
back
end
on
the
specific
piece
on
the
decision-making
process
on
the
specific
critical
data
inputs
and
the
large
volumes
of
data
is
basically
managed
by
the
AIS
which
are
generated
by
the
IOT
devices
at
different
points.
B
A
I,
like
Subterra,
see
what
you
said,
which
we
are
seeing
more
and
more
today,
which
is
that
blockchain
is
just
a
piece
of
that's
puzzle.
It's
not
like
you
will
build
a
blockchain
based
bus
service
or
something
like
that.
It
has
to
be
integrated
with
the
whole
solution
and
I.
Think
that's
what
we
are
saying
and
a
lot
of
the
use
cases
that
that
we've
we've
heard
from
I
think
you
had
a
question
right.
G
This
questions
for
Shawn,
you
were
mentioning
the
example
of
real
estate.
This
idea
of
in
the
future.
We
could
have
transactions
taking
place
in
one
day.
What
are
the
major
barriers
to
making
that
happen?
Is
it
from
a
technical
standpoint,
or
is
it
a
regulation
that
is,
is
holding
back
that
development.
B
B
You
have
all
these
entities
that
are
transacting
in
the
marketplace
and
then
you
have
governments
that
are
overseeing
those
transactions
and
getting
all
of
those
parties
to
work
together
for
the
things
that
are
that
that
benefit
them
collectively
is
I.
Think
there's
a
there's
a
lot
of
work
to
be
done
around
that
so
in
this
case
a
real
estate
transaction.
B
You
have
all
of
those
parties
that
I
mentioned
you
have.
You
know
real
estate
firms,
real
estate
agents,
you've
got
the
lenders,
you've
got
title,
insurance
and
and
and
so
on
and
so
forth.
So
getting
cooperation
among
all
those
market.
Participants
on
top
of
cooperation
from
the
government's
entities
that
provide
oversight
in
those
transactions
is
there's,
there's
quite
a
bit
of
coordination
that
that
still
needs
to
happen.
B
A
B
So
I'll
give
one
brief
comment
and
I'll
probably
turn
it
over
to
these
guys,
but
so
to
be
clear,
I'm,
you
know
I'm
no
longer
in
the
public
sector.
I
was
there
until
through
last
summer,
and
so
what's
under
consideration.
Currently
that
I
think
I'm
no
more
informed
on
it
than
any
other
citizen,
but
having
been
in
government
for
a
couple
of
years,
I
certainly
I
certainly
wasn't
was
an
advocate
for
these
ideas
and
really
try
to
push
to
to
move
some
of
these
ideas
forward.
B
So,
but
currently
in
in
my
current
role,
like
I,
was
saying:
I'm
CTO
of
a
reg
tech
company,
so
the
and
and
and
and
that
this
company
operates
in
in
the
in
the
healthcare
space
primarily
so
there
there's,
there's
all
kinds
of
needs
for
traceability
and
identity
and
in
in
that
space
as
well,
but
III
do
know.
In
general,
different
governments
around
the
world
are
looking
at
leveraging
blockchain
for
real
estate
transactions,
but
I'll.
Let
I'll
let
these
guys
kind
of
talk
about
specific
examples.
Hi.
C
C
Is
they
look
at
everything
as
a
journey,
so
a
real
estate
transaction
would
be
a
journey
and
all
the
participants
in
the
circle
are
part
of
that
journey
and
buy
into
that
and
I
think
they
have
57
journeys
that
a
citizen
can
take
and
again
they
had
the
buy-in
of
the
government
to
put
the
grid
on
a
blockchain
so
that
everyone
knows
whose
property
is
owned
by
hill
again
that
identity,
piece,
identity,
piece
comes
first,
so
again,
Dubai
because
the
government
is
so
involved
is
much
further
than
most
other
places.
I.
D
Just
would
like
to
add
one
more
example:
neighboring
Dubai
its
Abu
Dhabi,
so
Abu
Dhabi
has
its,
as
you
know,
smart
services,
kind
of
an
e-government
services
where
it
offers
more
than
hundred
government
services
to
its
people.
So
tech
mahindra
has
recently
partnered
with
the
land.
You
know
Department
of
Abu
Dhabi,
where
it
is
responsible
for
taking
care
of
the
leasing,
contracts,
rental
agreements
and
other
kind
of
stuffs,
because
more
than
3/4
of
the
total
population
of
UAE
are
non
emeriti,
which
means
they
are
not
local
guys.
D
They
may
not
be
Arabic
guys,
they
may
be
coming
from
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh,
other
countries,
okay,
so
for
work
or
other
purposes.
So
maintaining
the
you
know,
legal
requirements
of
rental
agreements,
lease
documents
or
other
kind
of
stuffs
are
pretty
complicated,
so
they
have
partnered
with
Tech
Mahindra
and
they
are
going
to
use
hyper
ledger
fabric
for
this
specific
purpose,
and
it's
going
to
be
a
pilot
project
and
we're
looking
forward
to
some.
You
know
some
viable
results
pretty
soon.
I
So
we're
talking
about
public
record-keeping
and
one
of
the
reasons
we've
trusted
public
record-keeping
is
because
we've
had
registries.
We've
had
public
archives,
where
we
know
that
the
authenticity,
the
integrity,
can
be
preserved
over
the
long
term,
and
we
can
always
go
back
and
it's
authoritative
and
we
can
access
it.
So,
with
these
projects
that
you've
mentioned,
what
are
they
doing
to
think
about
long-term
preservation
of
the
authenticity
of
the
public
records
and
archiving.
B
Is
trust
right
and
so,
and
soak
up
the
validation
of
government
in
certain
transactions
is
a
part
of
the
public
trusting
in
in
those
that
those
transactions
were
legitimate
and
followed,
the
rules
that
need
to
be
followed,
and
so
the
so
you
see
that
over
and
over
and
over
again
with
with
vital
vital
records
and
land
records
and
which
I
think
you
know
certainly
part
part
of
what
you're
referring
to
and
so
so
government
has
the
mechanisms
to
to
drive
truth
right.
They
have
subpoena
power,
they
have.
B
You
know
people
can
be
can
can
be
put
under
legal
requirement
to
tell
the
truth
and
in
in
terms
of
what
happened
so
from
that
perspective,
government
will
always
have
a
it
will
always
have
the
mechanisms
to
really
require
the
truth
where
other
entities
may
not
necessarily
have
that
direct
power,
and
so
for
that
reason,
government
is
I,
think
will
play
a
vital
role
in
terms
of
validating
and
verify
information.
That
is,
if
we're
talking
about
blockchain,
validating
and
verifying
information
that
is
being
proposed
to
be
written
to
a
certain
blockchain.
B
There
is
an
open
question,
though,
about
whether
or
not
government
and
I
think
there's
different
points
of
view
on
this.
Whether
or
not
government
is
the
owner
and
operator
of
a
blockchain
or
set
up
block
chains
or
whether
or
not
it's
really
just
a
participant
that
that
participates
in
validating
transactions
and
that's
still
very
much
I.
Think
of
an
open
debate
in
in
in
the
community
in
general.
So
I'll
stop
there
with
those
general
comments,
but
I
don't
know
if
you
guys
have
anything
to
add
I.
D
Just
have
one
potential
research
works
or
a
use
case.
You
might
be
interested
Nara,
the
National
archival
records
agency
in
u.s.,
so
they
are
trying
to
achieve
something
with
blockchain
exact
details,
I'm
not
able
to
recollect
right
now,
but
certainly
they
are
pretty
much
interested
in
retaining
the
critical
information,
the
data
which
may
be
twenty
years
thirty
years
or
even
50
years
old,
so
and
which
may
be
required
in
future
as
well
for
some
specific
purposes.
So
we
might
be
happy
to
share
with
you
two
specific
facts
on
Nara
or
you
can
check
that
out.
F
F
90
days,
failure
following
traditional
methods,
the
key
to
making
of
32
hours,
was
showing
up
with
cash
for
everybody,
and
everybody
says
no
we're
not
coming
so
that
got
the
ultimate
level
of
cooperation
out
of
all
parties,
but
the
one
point
on
real
estate,
that
was
obvious,
is
title
insurance.
The
second
you
have
in
a
sense
validated
documents
to
prove
you
own.
This
plot
of
land-
and
this
is
plat-
belongs
to
you
and
this
structures
on.
It
also
belonged
to
you
once
you
have
those
documents,
and
then
you
have
a
chain
of
custody
going
forward.
B
I
B
F
So
my
other
point
is:
there's
a
general
question
on
government
records,
which
is
who
audits
the
auditors.
So
if
the
government's
the
auditors,
who
audits
them-
and
the
answer
is
I-
do
so
in
the
state
of
Massachusetts
accident
information
is
pretty
important
kind
of
like
real
estate
information
right
because
you
plan
it
impacts
safety,
which
impacts
highway
funding
and
all
that
kind
of
stuff
that
impacts
insurance
rates,
all
kinds
of
stuff,
and
so
as
part
of
a
project
for
Plymouth
Massachusetts.
F
We
were
looking
at
some
highway
projects
and
they
were
quoting
state
records
on
accident
history,
and
so
they
were
all
government
records
that
were
official
police
reports
and
stuff
like
that,
so
I
actually
went
to
the
state,
actually
pulled
the
records
myself
looked
at
and
went
through
them
and
found
out.
Forty
percent
of
the
accident
records
reported
in
that
area
of
Massachusetts
for
those
ten
years
were
completely
wrong.
F
Sixty
percent
were
right,
40
percent
were
wrong,
so
I
went
back
to
the
source
data
basically
had
the
state
and
the
police
departments
correct
their
records,
but
a
lot
of
times.
We
assume
those
records
are
accurate
when
they're
not,
and
so
the
real
issue
is:
how
do
you
validate
records
properly
to
begin
with,
so
that
you
can,
back
to
your
point,
be
sure
that
the
government
is
reporting
the
truth
to
the
best
of
its
ability
and.
B
Challenge
no
and
that's
a
great
point
and
it
actually
gets
to
a
larger
concept
around
what
what
it
means
to
reach
consensus
on
a
blockchain.
That's
really
kind
of
what
you're
getting
at
so
consensus
comes
from
any
number
of
sources,
and,
and
so
there's
there's
there's
a
whole
sort
of
larger
conversation
there
around
how
you
achieve
consensus
but
well
all
I'm
saying
is
that
and
you're
right
just
because
government's
involved
doesn't
mean
it's
actually
validating
what
they're
doing
is
actually
accurate
it.
J
I'm
wondering
that's
a
question
bit
of
it
to
the
entire
panel
whether
there
doesn't
exist,
a
specific
something
like
a
meta
use
case
for
the
public
sector.
There
is
a
project
and
by
the
European
Commission,
which
started
2016
called
the
European
financial
transparency
gateway,
and
it
basically
comes
or
stems
from
the
transparency
directive,
which
requires
listed
companies
to
report
annual
reports
and
all
these
kind
of
pieces
of
information
to
registries
in
each
of
the
27
right
now,
27
member
states
and
these
registries.
J
J
So
the
Commission
came
up
with
the
idea
to
establish
a
layer
on
top
via
blog
changes,
give
each
of
them
as
becoming
part
of
the
nodes,
give
them
the
wallets
and
record
only
and
already
the
information
itself
that
they
receive
from
the
listed
companies,
but
actually
just
the
fact
that
they
received
this
piece
of
information
and
that
created
something
like
an
index,
something
like
a
search
engine
that
you
could
basically
look
across.
This
is
part
of
the
low,
so
the
question
is
to
the
panel.
D
So
you're,
looking
forward
to
the
you,
know
interoperability
or
connections
between
the
different
organizations,
or
you
know
the
information
about
different.
You
know:
registrations
about
kind
of
stuffs
right,
so
I
hope
you
might
be
interested
on
the
vo
and
the
org
book
british
columbia
org
book
bc,
which
is
based
on
hyper
ledger
in
d.
Initially
they
did
a
POC
on
hyper
ledger
fabric.
Then
they
moved
into
hyper
ledger
in
d
and
they
are
creating.
You
know
a
great
job.
They
have
got
a
production
environment
solution
as
well,
as
the
you
know,
provincial
government
of
ontario.
D
They
have
also
done
something
similar
to
that.
So
all
the
business
registrations
of
those
particular
states.
You
can
access
now
the
authentic
information
when
they
are
registered.
If
they
have
any
license
and
permits
and
other
kind
of
stuffs,
you
don't
need
to
wait
for
a
long
time.
In
a
fraction
of
a
second
few
seconds,
you
will
be
able
to
check
out
if
there
are
legitimate
entities
operating
out
of
this
country.
Sorry,
this
province
likes
a
British,
Columbia
or
Ontario,
and
what
kind
of
license
of
permits
they
hold
and
that's
something
they
are
trying
to.
A
Thank
you.
Unfortunately,
we
ran
out
of
time.
So
as
a
conclusion,
I'm
gonna
tell
you
a
couple
of
things
that
you
might
want
to
follow
up
with.
We
didn't
get
into
the
sustainable
development
goals
and
what
is
happening
in
different
governments
around
SDGs,
but
also
you
have
our
panelists
are
here
now
you
know
their
faces
and
their
names
so
go
chase
them
during
the
booth,
crawl
or
tomorrow
Joe
and
our
dude
ranch
or
wherever
else
you
want
to
do
it
I'm
sure
they
will
be
thrilled
to
talk
to
you
about
it.
A
Additionally,
we
will
have
presentations
from
Iiro
a
source
or
omitsu
team
on
the
project
back
Hong,
which
is
creating
a
digital
currency
from
the
central
bank,
ISO
central,
the
digital
currency.
That's
tomorrow
at
I
believe
11:00.
There
is
also
a
presentation
from
Kiawah
on
what
they've
been
doing
with
Sierra
Leona
also
tomorrow,
around
11:40
you'll
have
to
check
the
schedule
and
indeed
to
John.