►
From YouTube: Day 2: Measuring the Internet
Description
The Internet Society Pulse platform curates data from trusted sources to help everyone understand the health, availability and evolution of the global Internet. As part of this session, we'll have a look at the insights available on Pulse. We'll also hear from community representatives, the data partners who collect data, and those who use that data to support their work and policy positions, notably when it comes to Internet shutdowns.
Speakers: Kevin Chege, Maria Xynou, Dieudonné Munganga, Harold Adjaho, Amreesh Phokeer
A
A
today
we'll
be
giving
a
short
overview
of
the
data
society
pulse
platform
and
insights
available
on
it.
I'm
very
pleased
to
be
joined
by
harold
ajahuo,
who
is
the
president
of
the
isaf
benin
chapter
he'll,
be
talking
to
us
about
how
his
chapter
campaigned
against
an
upcoming
indian
shutdown
in
his
country.
A
A
Finally,
we
have
a
recorded
a
presentation
from
maria
zainu,
who
is
a
research
and
partnership
director
at
uni
she'll,
be
explaining
how
you
can
take
part
in
the
global
open
source
data
gathering
project
on
internet
censorship.
A
So,
as
that
is
put
online
a
few
housekeeping
rules,
please
engage
respectfully
and
responsibly
follow
and
use
the
community
week.
Hashtag
on
twitter,
hashtag,
communityweek21
interpretation
into
french
and
spanish
is
available.
Closed.
Captioning
is
also
available.
This
is
the
english
channel.
If
you
listen
to
french
or
spanish,
you
need
to
exit
the
room
and
select
your
preferred
language
from
the
agenda
and
then
rejoin.
A
A
So
now
I
have
the
pleasure
of
inviting
my
colleague,
amrish
pokhir
he'll,
give
us
a
brief
overview
of
the
pulse
platform
I'm
reached
over
to
you.
B
Thank
you
very
much
kevin
and
welcome
everyone.
It's
a
pleasure
for
me
to
be
here
and
welcome
you
to
the
community
week
at
the
internet
society,
and
we
will.
We
will
walk
you
through
the
first
platform.
So
let
me
change
some
slides
all
right.
So
today
we
are
presenting
the
project
which
we
are
all
working
on
called
measuring
the
internet
and
how
we
are
actually
curating
data
from
different
sources.
To
present
you,
some
interesting
insights,
about
what's
happening
on
the
internet.
B
So
this
platform,
which
is
called
pulse,
was
launched
in
december
2020
and,
as
mentioned,
we
curate
internet
measurement,
data
from
trusted
sources,
usually
other
organizations
working
in
the
internet,
space
and
also
doing
internet
measurements
and
by
collecting
the
data
from
different
sources.
We
collate
collect,
collate
them
together
and
then
try
to
present
them
in
a
in
a
format
which
is
easily
readable
by
anyone,
whether
you
are
a
technical
person
or
a
less
technical
person.
The
aim
of
the
platform
is
to
present
the
data
in
a
very
easy
to
read
way.
B
So
we
have
several
focus
areas,
starting
with
enabling
technologies
enabling
technologies
is
comprised
of
several
metrics,
including
ipv6.
So
what
is
the
percentage
of
ipv6
adoption
in
different
countries
of
the
world,
the
the
rate
of
adoption
of
tls
1.3,
which
is
an
imported
protocol,
and
it
is
important
for
for
countries
and
and
network
operators
to
know
how
good
is
the
adoption
of
tls
in
in
their
region
as
well
as
https
and
and
dns?
B
As
we
know,
we
have
several
countries,
unfortunately
actioning
shutdowns,
and
this
has
a
a
quite
bad
effect
on
the
the
users
of
the
internet,
with
with
limited
access
when
there
are
shutdowns.
B
You
can
navigate
to
the
internet,
resilience
focus
area
which
has
just
been
launched
yesterday,
actually
in
which
we
also
collect
different
metrics
from
different
sources
and
and
aggregate
them
together
to
present
what
we
call
the
internet
society
internet
resilience
index
and
through
that
we
are
actually
able
to
measure
the
level
of
resilience
in
a
country
and
and
present
you
this
on
the
score
of
zero
to
a
hundred.
B
B
As
mentioned,
we
have
different
partners
working
with
this
afrinic
who
helped
us
enormously
on
the
internet,
resilience,
focus
area,
uni
for
the
internet,
shutdowns
and
censorship,
mozilla,
cloudflare,
epinic,
iij,
accessnow
and
and
and
so
on.
If
you
want
to
have
more
information
about
pulse,
please
go
on
our
twitter
handle
iso
underscore
pulse,
or
you
can
also
sign
up
to
our
mailing
list.
As
you
can
see
on
the
link
on
the
screen.
B
And
now
allow
me
to
introduce
mr
harold
ajaw,
who
is
the
president
of
the
isaac
captain
chapter
benin,
who
is
going
to
give
you
a
presentation?
Thank
you
over
to
you,
harold.
C
C
C
Okay,
so
for
problems,
the
outline
I
present
preamp
to
international
in
my
video
in
my
country,
benny.
C
C
C
C
Okay,
I
should
be
remember
that
we
not
claim
to
have
any
influence
that
we
will
have.
First,
I
have
authority
in
my
country
to
not
possibly
reaction.
The
reaction
I'm
going
to
talk
about
have
been
implemented,
basically
for
a
need
of
prevention,
communication
and
anticipation.
Just
like
that,
the
objective
was
to
avoid
an
internet
shutdown.
C
C
My
country
has
a
story
for
them
shut
shutdown.
These
blackouts
was
instructional
to
our
community
and
the
reason
given
by
the
authorities
and
internet
providers
alex
recommended
just
to
to
prevent
another
action.
C
C
C
For
me,
for
two
scores
is
a:
we
have
lost
one
million
dollars,
and
these
sketch
events
initiate
down
has
impacts.
1.6
million
intended
user
in
my
country,
easy.
C
C
B
Thank
you.
Thank
you
harold.
Unfortunately,
there
was
no
simultaneous
interpretation,
but
I
think
the
staff
will
work
on
the
recorded
version
with
the
english
subtitle
subtitles
later
on,
and
I
saw
my
colleague
joyce
also
try
to
put
some
notes
in
english,
but
but
it's
all
right
harold.
B
I
would
like
to
thank
you
very
much
for
your
very
interesting
presentation.
I
think
it's
an
important
set
of
steps
that
you
have
taken
to
mitigate
the
potential
of
having
internet
shutdowns,
shut
down
in
your
country
and
maybe
other
eyes
of
chapters,
can
actually
benefit
from
that
experience
and
that
series
of
actions
that
you
have
taken
very
important
and
very
interesting.
Thank
you.
I'll,
pass
it
over
again
back
to
kevin
for
the
rest
of
the
session.
A
Thank
you,
I'm
rich,
and
thank
you
harold
for
that
very
interesting
presentation.
Our
next
presentation
is
from
dhonie
munganga
who's.
An
ali
isok
isak
ali
kharifa
fellow
judean,
has
been
involved
in
a
project
that
icehock
is
working
with
in
collaboration
with
afrinic
called
mira,
which
stands
for
measuring
internet
resilience
in
africa.
So
dude
only
over
to
you
and
let
us
know
about
the
mira
project.
E
Thank
you
kevin
for
the
introduction.
Can
you
carry.
E
As
we
all
know,
all
the
internet
plays
a
critical
role
in
society.
Today,
situations
such
as
the
current
panelic
has
underline
the
importance
of
reliable
internet
connectivity
for
everyone
and
in
africa
the
urban
network
deployments
are
growing
and
whereby
eighty
percent
of
traffic
is
accessed
via
mobile
devices,
but
with
internet
penetration
rates
that
still
need
improvement,
but
as
more
broadband
networks
get
deployed,
business
operators,
policy
makers
and
end
users
still
need
and
have
the
right
to
access
accuracy,
information
about
the
health
and
infrastructure
within
their
networks,
and
they
are
individual.
E
This
information
is
internet
measurements
in
the
aim
of
understanding
the
true
behavior
of
networks,
so
that
they
can
be
improved
in
terms
of
performance.
E
So,
as
the
scientist
led
kevin
back
in
1883
said,
I
got
when
you
can
measure
what
you're
speaking
about
and
expected
numbers,
and
you
know
something
about
it,
but
when
you
cannot
measure
it
and
when
you
cannot
express
it
in
numbers,
your
knowledge
is
a
major
and
unsatisfactory
kind
across
the
court,
and
then
that
leads
us
to
the
newer
project
so
as
introduced
by.
E
Is
in
form
of
measuring
internet
resilience
in
africa,
which
is
a
joint
initiative
between
the
african
information
center
afric
and
the
internet
society,
with
the
goal
of
evaluating
the
capability
of
the
country
to
provide
a
stable,
reliable
means
for
for
the
internet
connectivity
at
all
times,
and
essentially
this
has
motivated.
E
It
has
been
motivated
by
the
fact
that
in
africa,
specifically
in
low-income
countries,
we
really
have
under-provisioned
networks
and
lag
proper,
proper
cable
infrastructure
or
redundant
internet
interconnection
systems.
E
E
So,
in
the
previous
slide
I
mentioned
I
mentioned
about
the
term,
the
term
interest
resilience.
So
what
does
that
mean?
From
the
nearer
teams
perspective?
We
can
talk
about
the
resilience
of
the
internet
in
a
network
or
a
country
by
looking
at
five
key
elements.
The
first
is
the
availability
and
stability
of
the
feasible
infrastructure,
which
includes
power
stations
under
sea
or
terrestrial
fiber
landing
stations
and
last
mile
access
networks.
E
Another
element
is
the
availability
and
performance
of
the
dns,
the
remaining
name
systems
system,
some
refer
to
it
as
the
phone
book
of
the
internet.
So
how
available
this
is
and
how
it
performs
also
affects,
I
mean,
tells
something
about
the
resilience
of
the
internet
in
the
region,
as
the
first
element
is
the
availability
and
the
efficiency
of
the
local
parent
fabric,
as
well
as
they
believe
that
their
country
to
to
keep
traffic
local
and,
last
but
not
least,.
E
Market,
that
means
the
level
of
concentration
towards
specific
metrics,
sometimes
referred
to
as
autonomous
systems
and,
most
importantly,
the
how
affordable
the
affordability
of
this
this
market.
E
E
What's
really
motivated
me
to
get
involved
in
this
particular
project,
I'd
say,
and
I
got
involved
in
the
european
union
to
recall
for
application
of
the
early
career
fellowship
program.
However,
before
applying
to
the
program,
I
consulted
the
experts
that
are
here
with
me,
who
I
collaborate
with
just
to
show
my
interest
to
and
to
get
to
hear
by
the
opinion
on
the
entrepreneurship,
so
they
basically
encouraged
me
to
go
for
it,
and
I
applied
I'm
glad
that
turned
into
a
success.
E
E
Motivation
to
contribute
to
murder
in
particular,
I
would
say
that
the
goal
of
the
project
basically
goes
in
line
in
my
personal
research
interests
just
for
information,
I'm
currently
pursuing
my
masters
in
computer,
where
I
focus
on
network
performance
measurements
in
developing
african
regions
and
on
that
side
also,
they
need
to
be
engaged
into
an
industry-led
project,
as
an
academic
group
also
was
part
of
what
motivated
me
to
to
contribute
to
to
get
involved
into
this
project
and
that's
the
tasks
that
I've
been
in
the
planet.
E
So
I
need
a
lot
of
different
visualizations
so
coming
up
with
dashboards,
interactive
dashboards,
some
data
cleaning
and
all
that
and.
E
We
jumped
into
automating
some
of
the
mining
processes
that
were
involved
in
the
in
the
project.
A
Thank
you.
Thank
you
very
much
deudone
for
that
presentation
on
mira,
we'd
like
to
now
move
on
to
the
next
part
of
the
agenda,
which
is
the
final
presentation.
Final
presentation
will
be
from
uni
I'd
be
made
by
maria
zainu
who's.
The
research
and
partnership
director
at
muni.
A
D
Thank
you
susanna
and
thank
you
adiodone
and
harold
for
your
excellent
talks
before
and
before.
Judeon
mentioned
talked
about
the
importance
of
internet
measurements
and,
as
part
of
this
very
big
presentation,
I'm
going
to
discuss
how
you
can
actively
measure
internet
censorship
and
why
internet
censorship.
D
Usually
what
differs
is
you
know
how
like
what
is
blocked
and
how
censorship
differs
from
country
to
country
practically
speaking
in
many
countries
around
the
world,
you
may
see
that
major
social
media
platforms,
such
as
whatsapp
or
facebook,
are
blocks
often
during
political
events,
such
as
during
elections
and
protests,
but
also
you
may
see
that
a
number
of
other
platforms
such
as
such
as
the
websites
of
lgbtiq
communities
or
ethnic
and
religious
minorities,
may
be
blocked
as
well.
D
So
this
leaves
us
with
a
question
of
given
that
censorship
can
vary
and
does
vary
from
country
to
country
and
often
from
network
to
network,
and
given
that
censorship
can
and
does
change
over
time,
often
in
correlation
with
political
events,
how
can
we,
the
people,
have
a
clear
over
overview
and
an
insight
into
what
is
blocked
where,
when
why
and
how?
D
In
an
attempt
to
answer
this
question,
nine
years
ago,
back
in
2012,
we
created
the
open
observatory
of
network
interference,
which
is
commonly
known
as
uni.
D
The
basic
idea
behind
uni
is
that
we
want
to
enable
everyone
to
have
the
ability
to
independently
measure
the
network
that
they're
connected
to
and
investigate
and
check
whether
various
forms
of
internet
censorship
are
on
their
network,
but
having
us
all
individually
check.
Our
networks
for
censorship
is
not
enough,
because
that
doesn't
inform
us
about.
D
So
practically,
how
can
you?
How
can
you
get
involved?
You
can
install
our
app
it's
called
uniprobe.
Uniprobe
is
available
for
both
mobile
and
desktop
platforms
on
mobile
platforms.
You
can
install
it
on
android,
android
and
ios
on
desktop
platforms.
You
can
install
it
on
windows,
linux
and
mac
and,
as
you
can
see
here
from
the
slide,
uniprobe
has
a
variety
of
different
tests
and
you
can
run
the
test
by
tapping
on
the
run.
Button.
D
D
One
thing
that
I
would
really
like
to
highlight
is
the
importance
of
automated
testing,
and
basically,
what
this
means
is
that,
instead
of
having
to
remember
to
manually,
run
tests
through
the
uniprobe
app,
you
can
go
to
the
settings
of
the
uniprobe
app
and
enable
automated
testing.
This
means
that
uniprobe
will
automatically
run
the
tests
for
you,
depending
on
the
platform.
D
This
could
be
multiple
times
a
day,
but
in
any
case
it
will
ensure
daily
testing
and
daily
testing
is
very
important
because
it
enables
the
global
community
to
check
to
have
data
which
is
basically
checking
networks
on
an
ongoing
basis,
and
so
if
and
when,
suddenly
some
services
get
blocked.
Hopefully
we
will
be
able
to
detect
them
through
the
data
contributed
from
automated
testing.
D
D
D
Only
the
websites
of
your
choice
and
we'll
get
into
this
in
a
second,
and
the
third
thing
to
know
is
that
by
default,
your
uniprobe
test
results
will
be
openly
published
and
the
reason
why
we
do
this
is
so
that
again
we
can
increase
transparency
of
internet
censorship
and
so
that
researchers
and
advocates
around
the
world
can
access
this
type
of
data
in
order
to
investigate
and
fight
internet
censorship.
D
So,
in
order
to
minimize
potential
risk,
there
are
various
choices
you
can
make
for
sure.
We
recommend,
speaking
to
lawyers
and
experts
in
your
country
to
receive
relevant
consultation,
but
from
a
practical
perspective,
you
can,
for
example,
limit
your
testing
to
the
specific
tests
that
you
feel
comfortable
with.
Instead
of
running
all
tests,
for
example,
it
might
be,
in
some
context,
somewhat
safer
to
run
a
speed
test
in
comparison
to
a
test
which
tests
a
bunch
of
banned
websites.
D
We,
the
reason
why
it's
enabled
by
default
is
because,
as
mentioned,
this
will
help
the
global
community,
but
if
you
don't
feel
comfortable
in
doing
so,
you
can
disable
this.
Another
thing
that
you
can
do
is
that
you
can
contribute
to
the
test
list,
which
are
the
lists
of
websites
that
are
tested
by
uniprobe.
D
The
tesla
specifically
are
hosted
by
the
citizen
lab,
which
is
a
research
institute
at
the
university
of
toronto,
and
they
publicly
host
these
lists
on
github,
where
you
can
review
them.
These
lists
include
the
websites
that
are
tested
by
uniprobe
and
there
are
two
types
of
test
lists.
On
the
one
hand,
there
is
a
global
list
which
includes
internationally
relevant
websites
such
as
facebook.com
and
twitter.com,
and
these
websites
are
tested
by
all
only
probe
users
globally,
but
it
also
includes
country
specific
test
lists,
which
only
include
websites
that
are
relevant
to
a
specific
country.
D
If
you
are,
on
the
other
hand,
interested
in
testing
the
websites
that
are
in
the
citizens
and
lab
test
list,
but
would
only
want
to
test
the
categories
of
websites
that
you
feel
comfortable
with,
you
can
enable
and
disable
the
categories
of
websites
of
your
choice
through
the
relevant
settings
of
the
app,
as
illustrated
in
the
right
screen.
So,
for
example,
if
you
only
care
to
test
news
media
websites,
you
can
disable
all
the
other
categories
and
just
leave
news.
Media
enabled.
D
And
if
you
would
like
to
test
your
own
custom
list
of
websites,
which
is
something
that
researchers
we
have
seen
frequently
like
to
do
in
this
case,
you
can
copy
paste
your
own
list
of
websites
into
the
uni
run
platform,
as
is
illustrated
here
that
you
can
access
at
run,
dot,
uni,
dot
io.
All
you
do
is
copy
paste.
D
All
of
these
test
results
are,
as
mentioned,
openly
published
in
real
time,
and
one
of
the
places
where
they're
published
is
uni.
Explorer
uni
explorer
is
a
web
platform
that
we
have
built
in
order
to
enable
the
public
at
large
and
specifically,
human
rights
defenders
and
researchers
to
more
easily
navigate
through
the
data,
explore
the
data
and
you
know,
find
and
find
charts
and
other
things
that
can
be
of
use
specifically.
D
What
I
think
is
probably
currently
one
of
the
most
powerful
features
of
an
explorer
is
the
search
tool
where,
through
the
search
tool,
you
can
filter
the
measurements
based
on
the
country
and
the
networks
that
you
care
about,
and
you
can
also
filter
the
results
based
on
confirmed
blocks.
In
this
example.
Here
you
can
see
some
of
the
most
recently
confirmed
blocked
websites
in
iran,
which
you
can
very
easily
access
by
just
filtering,
based
on
your
run
and
confirmed.
D
If
you're
interested
in
performing
your
own
analysis-
and
we
definitely
encourage
you
to
do
so-
you
can
get
only
data
from
the
uni
api
where
you
can
download
it
in
the
json
format.
However,
please
use
the
only
api
primarily
for
lightweight
queries,
because
uni
explorer
relies
on
the
api,
and
so
basically,
if
you
do
database
heavy
queries,
there's
the
risk
that
explorer
will
go
down
for
everyone
else,
so
instead,
if
you're
interested
in
batch
analysis.
D
In
that
case,
we
recommend
fetching
uni
data
from
the
amazon
s3
buckets
and
we
have
a
blog
post,
where
we
explain
how
you
can
specif
practically
fetch
the
data
and
based
on
all
this
data
that
has
been
contributed
by
community
members
around
the
world.
We
regularly
publish
research
reports
in
collaboration
with
our
partners
around
the
world
where
we
document
various
censorship
events,
we're
a
small
team
of
six
people.
D
So
that
being
said,
we
do
hope
that
you
feel
inspired
to
run
unimprobe
contribute
measurements
and
get
involved.
These
are
our
contact
details
if
you'd
like
to
stay
in
touch
with
the
uni
team.
If
you
have
any
questions
and
if
you'd
like
to
interact
with
the
community,
please
do
join
us
on
the
uni
slack
channel
and
we'll
be
following
up
now
to
share
a
link
through
which
you
can
install
a
new
probe
thanks
a
lot.
A
Thank
you.
Thank
you,
maria
for
that
presentation.
So
one
of
the
many
data
sources
that
are
used
on
the
pulse
platform
include
data
from
uni.
As
mentioned
at
the
opening
presentation,
the
isoc
pass
platform
comes
or
uses
data
from
multiple
data
partners.
We
have
a
short
video
on
pulse,
just
to
show
the
audience
how
to
move
around
the
pulse
platform
and
the
various
data
sources.
C
A
Okay,
it
looks
like
the
the
video
is
not
not
ready.
What
we'll
do
we'll
provide
a
link
to
the
video?
Perhaps
we
played
at
at
the
later
stage,
so
we've
come
to
the
close
of
this
session.
We
hope
you
found
this
session
interesting
we'd
like
to
thank
our
sponsors,
amazon
and
flex
optics
who
provided
interpretation
and
captioning
for
you
today.
Apologies.
We
could
not
play
the
past
video,
but
we
will
provide
that
in
some
way
to
you
to
view
yesterday.
A
It
was
recorded
in
yesterday's
session
as
well.
We
hope
you
found
this
session
helpful.
Thank
you
to
all
our
presenters
today,
I'm
rich
harold
and
didone,
and
I'd
like
to
wish
you
all
a
great
rest
of
the
day
and
please
enjoy
the
iso
community
week.
Thank
you.
Everyone.