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From YouTube: Day 3: Measuring the Internet
Description
The Internet Society Pulse platform curates data from trusted sources to help everyone understand the health, availability and evolution of the global Internet. As part of this session, we'll have a look at the insights available on Pulse. We'll also hear from community representatives, the data partners who collect data, and those who use that data to support their work and policy positions, notably when it comes to Internet shutdowns.
Speakers: Ben Rachad Sanoussi, Juan Peirano, Maria Xynou, Dieudonné Munganga, Kenneth Olmstead
A
You
to
community
week
we're
all
very
excited
to
have
everyone
here
for
isaac.
The
community
is
an
extremely
important
part
of
all
of
our
work.
I
co-lead
the
measurements
project
and
I'll
be
getting
a
very
brief
interview
of
our
overview
rather
of
the
project
and
our
pulse
platform
before
handing
it
over
to
the
true
stars
of
the
show,
our
community
members
first
up,
we'll
have
rashad
sudusi
from
the
need
chapter,
we'll
be
talking
about
a
shutdown
that
didn't
happen
because
of
the
work
of
our
chapter.
Next,
we'll
have
to
donate.
A
Who
is
one
of
our
early
career
fellows
a
program
you
can
learn
more
about
in
the
lobby
of
this
event.
There's
we
have
a
bunch
and
it's
a
very
cool
program,
and
then
finally,
maria
from
uni
who's,
a
data
partner
of
isoc
is
actually
a
very
recent
data
partner
buysox.
They
contribute
to
our
pulse
platform
and
she's,
going
to
talk
to
you
about
how
to
contribute
to
a
very
interesting
project
that
they
run
on
a
globally.
They
collected
globally
on
internet
censorship.
A
First,
I
was
doing
some
very
quick
house
cleaning
notes.
Please
be
engaged
and
respectful
and
responsibly.
Please
follow
us
on
the
community
twitter
hashtag,
which
is
communityweek21.
A
Excuse
me,
this
is
the
english
channel.
You
can
get
interpretation
into
french
and
spanish
closed.
Captioning
is
also
available
to
do
that.
You
actually
have
to
leave
this
room
and
join
either
french
or
spanish.
If
you
wish
to
learn
to
listen
to
those
languages,
please
use
a
chat
for
any
comments
in
english,
french
or
spanish.
A
A
So
without
further
ado,
I'm
going
to
quickly
go
into
the
pulse
platform.
Let's
see
this
click
works
perfect.
So,
as
I
said
earlier,
I
am
the
co-leader
of
the
measuring
the
internet
project.
We
are
a.
We
collect
data
from
many
many
data
sources
into
the
pulse
platform.
It's
basically
to
show
the
health
of
the
internet.
We
do
it
in
four
main
focus
areas,
so
we
launched
in
december
2020
after
about
a
year
and
a
half
of
background
research,
all
the
sources
we
vet
and
collect
work
with
them
directly.
A
So
we're
with
our
data
partners
regularly.
Our
audience
is
really
anyone
who
wants
to
learn
about
the
internet.
Policymakers
come
to
us
when
they
are
making
regulations
about
the
internet
to
learn
about
how
it
could
affect
the
network.
Researchers.
We
work
with
lots
of
academics
around
the
world
and
finally,
you
know
journalists,
civil
society
groups,
really.
Anyone
who
cares
about
the
health
of
the
internet
and
it's
its
well-being.
A
So
we
have
four
main
focus
areas
we
initially
launched
with
two
and
then
we
we
launched
actually
the
enter
the
third
one
yesterday
two
days
ago
and
centralization
which
is
coming
later.
So
the
first
is
enabling
technologies
this
tracks,
four
main
five
main
technologies
that
we
think
are
really
important
to
have
the
internet
functions
and
the
first
is
ipv6
tls,
1.3,
https
and
dns
sec.
I'm
not
going
to
go
into
what
those
are,
because
we
are
pretty
short
on
time.
A
But
if
you
have,
if
you
are
curious
about
that,
you
can
pop
it
in
the
chat
we
can
talk
about
at
the
end.
The
second
is
internet
shutdowns.
This
is
a
really
important
one
for
us.
We
have
a
database
where
we
track
every
time
a
country
artificially
shuts
down
on
the
internet,
so
we're
not
talking
about
cable
cuts,
but
we
are
talking
about
when
a
government
decides
to
turn
off
like
they
almost
did
in
benin,
which
we'll
hear
about
later.
A
We
track
the
duration
of
the
chef
day
and
how
many
people
it
affected
the
reason
and
then
we
back
it
up
with
three
sources,
usually
from
either
journalists
or
sometimes
the
government's
actually
put
out
announcements.
Saying:
hey
we're
going
to
turn
off
the
internet.
So
we
collect
all
of
that
into
a
report
on
each
shutdown
and
it
goes
back
to
about
2019,
and
we
also
have
data
we
can
do
from
access
now,
uni
and
several
other
places
to
collate.
All
of
that.
A
Was
just
launched
this
week
is
a
very
cool
project
that
we
also
hear
about
more
later.
The
short
version
is
we
now
have
a
model
where
we
can
measure
the
resilience
of
a
country's
network.
Now
it's
in
africa.
We
started
in
africa,
but
the
idea
is
to
take
this
model
and
be
able
to
say
you
know
that
when
something
goes
down,
how
easily
can
the
network
bounce
back?
So
this
is
super
cool
we
just
launched
it.
A
We're
very
excited,
so
please
check
that
out
and
then
centralization
which
should
be
coming
by
the
end
of
the
year,
will
also
be
added
to
pulse,
and
that's
going
to
be
it's
basically
about
how
many
entities,
whether
it's
governments
or
companies,
control
the
sort
of
underlying
guts
of
the
internet,
so
cdns
or
time
servers
or
stuff
like
that,
and
so
that's
a
also
a
very
cool
project.
We're
really
looking
forward
to
you
can
follow
us
eyestock
underscore
pulse.
You
can
see
some
of
our
data
partners
over
there,
I'm
on
the
right.
A
A
A
Great,
so
that
was
our
pulse
promo
video
hope
you
enjoyed
it.
Please
feel
free
to
share
that
anywhere.
We
want
as
many
people
to
see
it
as
possible,
worked
really
hard
on
it.
So
without
further
ado,
I'm
going
to
introduce
our
next
speaker
who's,
going
to
be
rashad
sanuzi
from
the
benin
chapter
to
talk
about
shutdown
in
benin.
That
didn't
happen
because
some
of
the
work
that
the
chapter
did,
which
is
pretty
cool
hand
it
over.
B
B
So
my
presentation,
my
presentation,
will
follow
this
outline.
After
speaking
about
the
preambles
to
intellectual
downloading.
I
will
make
a
quick
overview
of
the
social
political
situation
in
2021
and
after
we
talk
about
the
action
we
thought
we
took
to
fight
against
this,
and
after
I
will
conclude
next
slide
is.
B
B
B
That
is
also
another
reason
next
slide.
Please
so,
and
this
internet
shutdown
in
2019
has
a
lot
of
had
a
lot
of
consequences
in
benin
because
we
lost
many
things
in
this
number.
Benin
reportedly
lost
1.1
million
in
2000
in
21
hours
of
internet
children.
So
we
lost
many
things,
nothing
can
happen.
We
cannot
communicate
each
other.
We
cannot
communicate
with
another
country
and
that
one
is
not
very
good,
and
this
disturb
them
also
have
impacted
many
users
of
internet
in
our
community.
B
So
in
2019
2021
we
had
to
have
our
present
presidential
election
in
april,
and
we
have
many
president.
Many
presidential
candidates,
like
the
current
government,
also
is
one
of
the
post
teammates,
and
the
social
political
situation
is
that
we
have
also
some
divide
before
that
election,
and
this
helped
this.
B
I
allow
some
trouble
in
the
north
of
the
country,
basically
in
paracore
and
also
in
1990,
and
after
that
we
had
also
some
big
events,
who
is
not
good
because
are
here
about
fitness,
so
that
was
the
social
political
situation
in
2091
before
the
presidential
election.
Next
likely.
B
B
So,
firstly,
we
brought
in
an
article
to
talk
about
why
they
should
not
shut
down
internet
again
in
2091
in
2021,
and
this
article
was
ruled
by
our
community
and
was
published
on
either
point
dot,
bg
and
also
in
internet
society
website.
So
the
type
of
the
article
is:
why
should
getting
it?
Because,
in
beginning
during
the
presidential
election
of
april.
B
B
B
So
another
action
we
did
is
about.
We
make
many
communications
about
on
platform.
We
have
been
a
platform
which
helped
us
to
fight
it
against
fake
news.
That
platform
was
created
by
ijef
bini,
which
is
an
assassin
who
worked
for
integrating
union
and
we
help
them
to
share
the
platform
and
help
everybody
to
know
more
about
fake
news.
So
this
also
helps
people
to
know
that
fake
is
not
good
and
they
can
go
to
this
website
to
know
if
the
information
they
have
is
fake
or
no.
B
So
that
is
also
one
action
we
did
to
prevent
internet
shutdown
in
2021
next
slide.
Please
also,
we
launched
a
digital
campaign
on
social
media.
This
digital
campaign
was
11
days
campaign.
So
each
day
we
publish
now
social
media
with
another
with
many
organization,
some
great
message
about
internet.
So
what
why
the
internet
did
not
share
them
and
also
we
talked
about
the
importance
to
have
internet
during
and
after
the
internet
after
the
election,
so
that
was
also
and
some
great
action.
B
We
did
to
prevent
this
situation
evening
and
we
did
it
for
11
days
and
many
people
like
it.
Let's
like
this
also,
we
did
on
press
conference
with
some
internet
attorney
and
this
click.
This
press
conference
was
done,
input
with
frank
kuyami
from
ign,
and
also
we
have
a
good
conversation
and
many
people
join
the
conversation
to
know
more
about
intellectual
them
and
why
they
should
not
shut
down
internet
again
this
year,
so
that
one
helped
many
people
in
our
community
to
do
that.
Making
sure
that
it's
not.
C
B
Also,
we
did
many
action
that
helped
us
to
also
prevent
this
and
discharge
down.
In
2001,
we
use
some
platform
to
measure
the
internet
traffic,
so
we
use
like
well,
sometimes
society
got
all
shut
down
and
also
we
use
another
platform
to
measure
the
integrity
less
like
this.
A
That's
great,
thank
you
very
much
rashad.
If
anybody's
any
questions,
please
put
them
in
the
chat,
we
will
address
them
as
we
can.
I
don't
see
any
at
the
moment,
so
we
can
move
on
to
our
next
speaker.
So
this
is
going
to
be
about
our
focus
on
the
internet
resilience
in
africa.
We
just
launched
this
this
week
and
we're
super
excited
about
it.
It's
a
project
that
is,
we
do.
We
are
working
with
aphrodic,
the
regional
internet,
interest,
regional
internet.
A
For
africa
called
mira
measuring
internet
resilience
in
africa,
the
as
I
mentioned
earlier,
the
project
is
brand
new.
We
just
launched
it
and
we
are
really
excited
to
have
our
early
career
referral
to
donate
speak
about
it.
He
has
been
working
on
their
projects
since
the
beginning,
and
it
certainly
knows
more
than
I
do
about
it.
So
without
further
ado,
take
it
away.
D
Thank
you,
kenneth
for
the
kind
introduction
I
said.
My
name
is
judy
and
today
I'll,
be
speaking
about
internet
measurement
in
general
and
also
about
the
work
of
the
mirror
in
terms
of
the
resilience
of
the
internet.
I'll
then
finalize
with
with
how
I
got
involved
with
the
project
and
what
actually
motivated
me
as
a
nice
work
early
career
fellow.
D
So,
as
we
all
know,
the
internet
is,
critic
is
critical.
It
plays
a
critical
role
in
society
today,
and
situations
such
as
the
covid.
The
current
pandemic
has
further
underlined
the
importance
of
reliable
internet
connectivity
for
everyone
in
africa.
D
As
the
scientist
lord
kevin
back
in
1883
said
I
caught
when
you
can
measure
what
you
speaking
about
and
express
it
in
numbers
you,
you
know
something
about
it,
but
when
you
cannot
measure
it
when
you
cannot
express
it
in
numbers,
your
knowledge
is
of
measure
and
an
unsatisfactory
kind
across
the
court,
so
that
leads
us
to
to
the
mirror
project.
D
So,
as
kenneth
said,
mira
is
measuring
internet
resilience
in
africa,
and
it
is,
it
is
a
joint
initiative
between
the
africa
network,
information
center
afrinic
and
the
internet
society
with
the
goal
of
evaluating
the
the
capability
of
a
country
to
provide
a
stable
and
reliable
means
of
internet
connectivity
at
all
times.
D
We
can
talk
about
the
resilience
of
the
internet
in
a
network
or
in
a
country
by
following
five
key
elements:
the
first
being
of
the
availability
and
stability
of
the
physical
infrastructure
which
which
includes
power
stations,
undersea
or
terrestrial
fiber
landing
stations
and
last
last
mile
access
networks.
D
The
second
element
is
the
quality
of
service
of
the
network
from
the
end
user's
perspective
and
the
stability
of
the
network
in
terms
of
reachability
throughput
and
lengthy
to
the
lenses
to
selected
target
servers.
D
D
While
it's
performing,
also
contributes
to
to
the
resilience
of
the
of
the
of
the
internet.
The
fourth
element
is
the
availability
and
efficiency
of
the
local
peering
fabric,
as
well
as
the
ability
of
the
country
to
keep
content,
local
content,
local
and,
last
but
not
least,
the
the
resilience
of
the
isp
market.
That
means
the
the
level
of
concentration
towards
specific
networks
sometimes
referred
to
as
autonomous
systems
and,
more
importantly,
the
affordability
of
that
market.
D
By
the
way,
the
the
pulse
platform
has
released
some
results
which
are
available.
I
highly
recommend
to
check
it
out
as
it's
quite
insightful.
So
as
an
internet
society,
are
you
career
fellow?
What
what
really
motivated
me
to
to
get
involved
in
this
particular
project?
D
So
I'd
say
I
got
involved
in
the
mira
project
prior
to
today
call
for
application
of
the
the
early
career
fellowship
program
by
the
internet
society.
However,
before
applying
to
to
to
the
program,
I
consulted
some
of
the
internet
experts.
I
was
collaborating
with
as
a
way
to
to
show
my
interest
and
get
to
hear
what
their
opinion
is,
and
they
basically
encouraged
me
to
go
for
it,
and
I
applied
I'm
glad
that
time
to
turned
into
a
success.
D
Also
earlier
before
that
I
had
become
a
member
of
the
isoc
chapter
from
the
democratic
republic
of
congo,
so
that
I
could
potentially
contribute
to
ice
sock
mission
in
the
world
or
of
the
internet.
D
So
back
to
what
was
my
motivation
to
contribute
to
to
mira,
in
particular
I'll
say
that
the
goal
of
the
project
goes
in
line
with
my
personal
research
interests,
as
mentioned
I
mean
for
for
information,
I'm
currently
pursuing
my
master's
degree
in
computer
science
at
the
university
university
of
cape
town,
where
I
focus
on
network
performance
measurements
in
developing
african
regions.
So
that
said,
I
also
wanted
to
get
engaged
in
a
industry-led
project
as
an
academic
student.
D
So,
regarding
my
tasks
in
in
the
project
in
the
beginning,
it
was
mostly
later
visualization
coming
up
with
dashboards
and
data
cleaning
and
all
that
and
then
also
afterwards,
we
jumped
into
automating
manual
process
that
was
involved
in
the
in
the
monitoring
of
the
project.
D
So
that's
that's
pretty
much.
That's
pretty
much.
What
I
was
I
had
for
you
today.
Thank
you
for
listening
back
to
you,
kenneth.
A
Thanks
very
much,
as
I
said,
there's
a
really
interesting
project.
We're
really
excited
about
it
if
any
of
those
questions
pop
them
in
the
chat
or
you
come
up
with
questions
later,
you
can
email
us
at
pulse
and
we'll
get
back
to
you
as
soon
as
we
can.
The
project
will
also
be
evolving
over
time,
so
we
launched
this
week,
but
it'll
be
changing
so
keep
up
and
and
just
help
us
spread
the
word
about
this.
A
We
think
it's
really
cool
and
I
think
it
can
really
help
the
internet
in
africa
and
then
for
our
final
final
presentation.
We
have
a
video
recording
maria
from
uni,
which
is
the
obit
observatory
of
network
interference,
which
is
a
pulse
platform
partner.
They
help
us
with
the
shutdowns
area,
using
their
network
and
she's,
going
to
explain
some
of
what
uni
does
and
give
us
an
overview
of
how
you
can
take
part
in
one
of
the
largest
decentralized
citizenlin
internet
centership
observer
observatories
around
the
world,
which
is
a
variable
product.
A
We
use
some
of
their
data
for
our
shutdowns
work,
so
yeah
without
further
ado.
If
you
could
throw
up
the
video
of
maria,
that
would
be
great.
C
Thank
you
susanna
and
thank
you
adiodone
and
harold
for
your
excellent
talks
before
and
before.
Judeon
mentioned
talked
about
the
importance
of
internet
measurements
and,
as
part
of
this
very
brief
presentation,
I'm
going
to
discuss
how
you
can
actively
measure
internet
censorship
and
why
internet
censorship.
Well,
I
think
literally,
every
country
in
the
world
has
some
form
of
internet
censorship.
C
Usually
what
differs
is
you
know
how
like
what
is
blocked
and
how
censorship
differs
from
country
to
country
practically
speaking
in
many
countries
around
the
world,
you
may
see
that
major
social
media
platforms
such
as
whatsapp
or
facebook
or
blogs,
often
during
political
events
such
as
during
elections
and
protests,
but
also
you
may
see
that
a
number
of
other
platforms
such
as
such
as
the
websites
of
lgbtiq
communities
or
ethnic
and
religious
minorities,
may
be
blocked
as
well.
C
So
this
leaves
us
with
a
question
of
given
that
censorship
can
vary
and
does
vary
from
country
to
country
and
often
from
network
to
network,
and
given
that
censorship
can
and
does
change
over
time,
often
in
correlation
with
political
events,
how
can
we,
the
people,
have
a
clear
over
overview
and
an
insight
into
what
is
blocked
where,
when?
Why
and
how?
C
In
an
attempt
to
answer
this
question?
Nine
years
ago,
back
in
2012,
we
created
the
open
observatory
of
network
interference,
which
is
commonly
known
as
uni.
C
The
basic
idea
behind
uni
is
that
we
want
to
enable
everyone
to
have
the
ability
to
independently
measure
the
network
that
they're
connected
to
and
investigate
and
check
whether
various
forms
of
internet
censorship
are
on
their
network,
but
having
us
all
individually
check.
Our
networks
for
censorship
is
not
enough,
because
that
doesn't
inform
us
about.
C
You
know
ultimately
there's
a
question
of
how
do
we
know
what
is
blocked
where,
and
that
is
why
we
have
created
a
system
by
which,
not
only
can
you
run
specific
tests
in
order
to
investigate
internet
censorship,
but
also
that
we
collect
these
test
results
from
all
around
the
world
and
publish
them
in
real
time
as
open
data,
and
in
doing
so
our
goal
is
to
increase
transparency
of
internet
censorship
and
enable
everyone
to
learn
in
real
time
what
is
blocked
around
the
world
and
thanks
to
our
global
community,
all
from
all
around
the
world,
we
have
had
the
opportunity
to
collect
millions
of
network
measurements
from
more
than
200
countries
and
territories,
and
they
span
all
the
way
from
2012
to
today
and
include
a
lot
of
evidence
on
various
forms
of
internet
censorship.
C
So
practically,
how
can
you?
How
can
you
get
involved?
You
can
install
our
app
it's
called
uniprobe.
Uniprobe
is
available
for
both
mobile
and
desktop
platforms
on
mobile
platforms.
You
can
install
it
on
android,
android
and
ios
on
desktop
platforms.
You
can
install
it
on
windows,
linux
and
mac
and,
as
you
can
see
here
from
the
slide,
uniprobe
has
a
variety
of
different
tests
and
you
can
run
the
test
by
tapping
on
the
run.
Button.
C
C
One
thing
that
I
would
really
like
to
highlight
is
the
importance
of
automated
testing,
and
basically,
what
this
means
is
that,
instead
of
having
to
remember
to
manually,
run
tests
through
the
uniprobe
app,
you
can
go
to
the
settings
of
the
uniprobe
app
and
enable
automated
testing.
This
means
that
uniprobe
will
automatically
run
the
tests
for
you,
depending
on
the
platform.
C
This
could
be
multiple
times
a
day,
but
in
any
case
it
will
ensure
daily
testing
and
daily
testing
is
very
important
because
it
enables
the
global
community
to
check
to
have
data
which
is
basically
checking
networks
on
an
ongoing
basis,
and
so
if
and
when,
suddenly
some
services
get
blocked.
Hopefully
we
will
be
able
to
detect
them
through
the
data
contributed
from
automated
testing.
C
C
So
again,
we
recommend
reviewing
which
websites
you
will
be
testing
or
testing
only
the
websites
of
your
choice
and
we'll
get
into
this
in
a
second,
and
the
third
thing
to
know
is
that
by
default,
your
uniprobe
test
results
will
be
openly
published
and
the
reason
why
we
do
this
is
so
that
again
we
can
increase
transparency
of
internet
censorship
and
so
that
researchers
and
advocates
around
the
world
can
access
this
type
of
data
in
order
to
investigate
and
fight
internet
censorship.
C
So,
in
order
to
minimize
potential
risk,
there
are
various
choices
you
can
make
for
sure.
We
recommend,
speaking
to
lawyers
and
experts
in
your
country
to
receive
relevant
consultation,
but
from
a
practical
perspective,
you
can,
for
example,
limit
your
testing
to
the
specific
tests
that
you
feel
comfortable
with.
Instead
of
running
all
tests,
for
example,
it
might
be
in
some
contexts
somewhat
safer
to
run
a
speed
test
in
comparison
to
a
test
which
tests
a
bunch
of
band
websites.
C
What
you
can
also
do
is
that,
through
the
privacy
settings
of
the
app
you
can
disable
the
automatic
publication
of
your
test
results.
We,
the
reason
why
it's
enabled
by
default
is
because,
as
mentioned,
this
will
help
the
global
community,
but
if
you
don't
feel
comfortable
in
doing
so,
you
can
disable
this.
Another
thing
that
you
can
do
is
that
you
can
contribute
to
the
test
list,
which
are
the
lists
of
websites
that
are
tested
by
uniprobe.
C
The
tesla
specifically
are
hosted
by
the
citizen
lab,
which
is
a
research
institute
at
the
university
of
toronto,
and
they
publicly
host
these
lists
on
github,
where
you
can
review
them.
These
lists
include
the
websites
that
are
tested
by
uniprobe
and
there
are
two
types
of
test
lists.
On
the
one
hand,
there
is
a
globalist
which
includes
internationally
relevant
websites
such
as
facebook.com
and
twitter.com,
and
these
websites
are
tested
by
all
only
probe
users
globally,
but
it
also
includes
country
specific
test
lists,
which
only
include
websites
that
are
relevant
to
a
specific
country.
C
We
encourage
you
to
review
these
lists
and
to
contribute
to
them,
especially
since
the
quality
of
the
data
really
depends
on
what
is
being
tested,
and
we
believe
that
local
communities
are
best
positioned
to
determine
what
should
be
tested
in
their
countries
and,
if
you're
interested
in
contributing.
Please
refer
to
the
guide
on
our
website,
which
is
also
linked
over
here.
C
If
you
are,
on
the
other
hand,
interested
in
testing
the
websites
that
are
in
the
citizenlab
test
list,
but
would
only
want
to
test
the
categories
of
websites
that
you
feel
comfortable
with,
you
can
enable
and
disable
the
categories
of
websites
of
your
choice
through
the
relevant
settings
of
the
app,
as
illustrated
in
the
right
screen.
So,
for
example,
if
you
only
care
to
test
news
media
websites,
you
can
disable
all
the
other
categories
and
just
leave
news.
Media
enabled.
C
And
if
you
would
like
to
test
your
own
custom
list
of
websites,
which
is
something
that
researchers
we
have
seen
frequently
like
to
do
in
this
case,
you
can
copy
paste
your
own
list
of
websites
into
the
uni
run
platform,
as
is
illustrated
here
that
you
can
access
at
run,
dot,
uni,
dot
io.
All
you
do
is
copy
paste.
C
Over
the
years,
our
community
members
frequently
use
onlyrun
in
order
to
generate
links
based
on
the
testing
of
specific
websites
that
they
care
about,
and
they
share
these
links
with
their
communities
in
various
countries
around
the
world
in
order
to
do
targeted
testing,
particularly
in
response
to
emergent
censorship.
Events
during
protests
and
elections.
C
All
of
these
test
results
are,
as
mentioned,
openly
published
in
real
time,
and
one
of
the
places
where
they're
published
is
uni.
Explorer
uni
explorer
is
a
web
platform
that
we
have
built
in
order
to
enable
the
public
at
large
and
specifically,
human
rights
defenders
and
researchers
to
more
easily
navigate
through
the
data,
explore
the
data
and
you
know,
find
and
find
charts
and
other
things
that
can
be
of
use
specifically.
C
What
I
think
is
probably
currently
one
of
the
most
powerful
features
of
an
explorer
is
the
search
tool
where,
through
the
search
tool,
you
can
filter
the
measurements
based
on
the
country
and
the
networks
that
you
care
about,
and
you
can
also
filter
the
results
based
on
confirmed
blocks.
In
this
example.
Here
you
can
see
some
of
the
most
recently
confirmed
blocked
websites
in
a
run
which
you
can
very
easily
access
by
just
filtering,
based
on
your
run
and
confirmed.
C
If
you're
interested
in
performing
your
own
analysis-
and
we
definitely
encourage
you
to
do
so-
you
can
get
only
data
from
the
uni
api
where
you
can
download
it
in
the
json
format.
However,
please
use
the
only
api
primarily
for
lightweight
queries,
because
uni
explorer
relies
on
the
api,
and
so
basically,
if
you
do
database
heavy
queries,
there's
the
risk
that
explorer
will
go
down
for
everyone
else,
so
instead,
if
you're
interested
in
batch
analysis.
C
In
that
case,
we
recommend
fetching
uni
data
from
the
amazon
s3
buckets
and
we
have
a
blog
post,
where
we
explain
how
you
can
specif
practically
fetch
the
data
and
based
on
all
this
data
that
has
been
contributed
by
community
members
around
the
world.
We
regularly
publish
research
reports
in
collaboration
with
our
partners
around
the
world
where
we
document
various
censorship
events,
we're
a
small
team
of
six
people.
C
So
that
being
said,
we
do
hope
that
you
feel
inspired
to
run.
Uni
probe,
contribute
measurements
and
get
involved.
These
are
our
contact
details
if
you'd
like
to
stay
in
touch
with
the
uni
team.
If
you
have
any
questions
and
if
you'd
like
to
interact
with
the
community,
please
do
join
us
on
the
uni
slack
channel
and
we'll
be
following
up
now
to
share
a
link
through
which
you
can
install
a
new
probe
thanks
a
lot.
A
That
was
maria
from
uni.
They
do
really
great
work,
they're
a
super
important
partner
for
us.
We
popped
the
link
to
download
uni
probe
into
the
chat.
If
you
are
willing
and
able
to
download
it,
that
would
be
great,
the
more
probes,
the
better,
the
more
probes
better,
the
information
it
will
not
only
help
uni
but
help
us
track
shutdowns,
which
is
a
very
important
part
of
our
work.
I
don't
see
any
questions,
so
I
think
now
it's
time
to
close
the
session.
I
want
to
thank
everyone
for
attending
again.
A
A
If
you
have
ideas
for
stuff,
we
can
do
with
pulse
that'd.
Be
great.
If
you
have
data
you
like
to
share,
we
also
have
a
blog
that
we
update
regularly
and
we
do
have
outside
contributors
right
blog,
sometimes
a
few
ideas
for
that.
We're
really
open
to
anything.
You
can
also
tweet
at
us
we'll
respond
there
too
and
finally
sign
up
for
the
pulse
mailing
list,
we're
going
to
be
signing
sending
out
emails
pretty
regularly.
A
Now
that
we
have
all
these
four
focus
areas
up
and
we'll
be
adding
stuff
all
the
time
so
just
to
keep
up
with
the
work
we're
doing
at
pulse.
That's
the
best
way.
Finally,
a
big
thank
you
to
our
event,
sponsor
amazon
and
flex
optics
who
provided
the
interpretation
and
captioning
for
all
of
the
events.
Today,
that's
a
really
invaluable
work
for
us
with
that,
we'll
close
two
minutes
early
and
if
you
have
any
questions,
send
them
along
thanks
for
joining
and
please
enjoy
the
rest
of
community
week.
Thanks.